干涉高光谱成像中的信息提取技术
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摘要
干涉高光谱成像技术(又称为傅立叶变换高光谱成像技术)具有高通量、多通道、高精度和高分辨率等一系列优点,是目前高光谱成像领域研究的重要分支。随着高光谱成像技术的发展,高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率给高光谱成像数据处理技术带来了众多挑战。研究干涉高光谱成像数据处理技术,可以为干涉型高光谱成像技术的发展和应用提供有力保障。
     干涉高光谱成像的信息提取技术涵盖了四个主要方向:高光谱成像的预处理技术、高光谱成像的数据反演技术、高光谱成像的显示技术以及高光谱成像中的采集、存储与处理技术。
     高光谱成像信息提取的各个方向都会涉及到高光谱成像质量的评价问题,其评价方法可以作为一种准则或测度用以检验成像及其处理系统性能的优劣,引导系统及算法的优化。到目前为止,对高光谱成像质量的评价方法没有统一的标准。针对高光谱成像质量的评价问题,本论文认为高光谱成像质量的评价必须以高光谱成像的应用为目的,并基于此提出了基于高光谱成像应用的ESD(ESD,Energyof Image Structure Distortion)评价准则。
     本论文依据提出的质量评价准则,按照干涉型高光谱成像数据处理的过程,对四个主要方向分别进行了研究。
     针对成像预处理环节,提出了干涉型高光谱成像数据概率统计模型,利用最大后验估计(MAP,Maximum A Posteriori)方法实现了对这类成像数据的噪声去除。分析了干涉光谱数据相位校正产生的原因,提出了在干涉成像中采样偏离零光程差的情况下基于相位相关性的校正方法。
     针对光谱信息反演环节,引入现代谱估计的相关理论。在现代谱估计理论中,认为在观测到的数据以外数据并不全部为零,克服了傅立叶变换方法的缺点,可以提高信息反演后光谱数据的分辨率。
     针对干涉高光谱成像的空间域显示需求,提出了基于干涉域权重的高光谱成像空间域显示方法。该方法不需要经过光谱信息反演环节,只需利用空间域的显示需求,得到干涉域中对应光程差的一组权重系数,通过对干涉数据及权重系数的处理,便可实现其空间域的灰度图显示和彩色显示,大大降低了显示时间,可用于干涉高光谱成像的实时显示。
     针对高光谱成像采集和传输环节,高光谱图象压缩技术是高光谱成像技术应用推广过程中一个迫切需要解决的问题。本论文首先分析了干涉高光谱成像数据的统计特性,针对数据特征,设计出了两维对称、分类、预测量化压缩算法,并利用其空间相关性扩展至三维压缩算法。同时,针对三维变换的发展,本论文提出了基于三维各向异性的小波变换压缩算法。
     最后,由于高光谱成像仪下传的高速数据,本论文设计了基于PCI-E的高速数据采集存储系统。针对干涉高光谱成像处理的计算复杂性,本论文设计基于以太网的数据处理系统。主要介绍了系统设计的总体架构并分析了设计中的关键技术。
Interference imaging spectroscopy, which is also named as Fourier Transformimaging spectroscopy(FTS),has many advantages such as huge throughput, multiplechannels, high accuracy and fine resolution, etc., making it one of the most importantaspect in spectroscopy research. With the rapid developments of high spaceresolution and spectrum resolution, the challenge is taken out with such huge dataset.Thus research on the data processing of the interference imaging spectroscopy canbetter support the development of this type imaging spectroscopy.
     Data processing for interference imaging spectroscopy covers four main aspects:pre-processing of the interferogram, the recovery of the information in interferogram,the space visualization and the acquisition and transfer of the interference data.
     The problem of image quality assessments is involved in every aspects of thewhole processing. The quality assessment can be used to check the processingsolution and system, to guide the arithmetic. So far, there is no criterion forhyperspectral image quality assessment, For the quality assessment of spectrumimages, in this paper, we regarded that quality assessment should base on practicalspectrum application, and proposed the Energy of Image Structure Distortionevaluation criterion based on spectrum image application.
     According to the process of the interference data processing, the four mainaspects are further researched respectively in the paper.
     For the interferogram pre-processing, an interference imaging data probabilitystatistic model is presented, the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) is utilized tode-noising the interferograms. And a phase correction method is proposed based onphase correlation in the context of zero optical path difference in sampledinterference data.
     For the information recovery, modern spectrum estimation is introduced.Modern spectrum estimation technologies no longer take the unrecorded data as zeros,overcome one of the biggest flaws in Fourier transform method, and the spectralresolution can be improved significantly.
     For the need of displaying spectrum images in space domain, an interferencespectrum image space-domain displaying method is proposed based on interferencespectrum domain weights. This method no longer needs to extract the spectrum information. It calculates a set of weights coefficients by the space domaindisplaying needs. Through a series of interference data and weights operation, it candisplay space domain images both in gray order and multicolor. This methodconsumes much less display time and can be adopted to display interference imagesin real time.
     For spectrum image acquisition and transfer, compression technology is apressing issue. In this paper, statistic feature of interference image spectrum datawas first analyzed. Utilizing the features of the spectrum data, a two dimensionsymmetry, classification, and prediction compression algorithm is proposed. Also toaddress the development of three dimensional transform, a three dimensionanisotropy wavelet transform compression algorithm is proposed.
     At last, due to the mass data acquired by spectrometer, a PCI-E based mass dataacquisition and storage system and an Ethernet-based mass data processing systemwere designed, the framework of the two systems was introduced and keytechnologies were analyzed.
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