地质统计学在储层预测中的研究与应用
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摘要
储层预测一直是油藏地质研究非常关注的工作,其中研究储层的非均质性和提高储层预测的精度在储层预测中是非常重要的。本文主要研究地质统计学方法在储层预测中的应用,重点研究了储层的非均质性和提高储层预测精度的问题。
首先,研究变差函数的计算方法、拟合方法和套合方法。通过实际资料的应用,计算了储层参数的二维变差函数和各个方向的变差函数,观察各个方向的变差函数的参数值,判断储层参数的方向性和储层参数分布的非均质性。应用线性规划方法拟合了变差函数,并分析比较了线性规划方法与常规的变差函数拟合方法的应用效果。根据拟合结果和储层参数的方向性进行了变差函数的套合。
其次,应用普通克里金方法、协克里金方法、配置协克里金方法以及序贯高斯模拟方法对二维层面上的储层参数(孔隙度和厚度)进行预测,并利用交叉验证方法进行储层预测的可行性、准确性分析,同时研究克里金方法的影响因素,如变差函数模型、搜索范围等。建立了各种影响因素对克里金估计结果的直观关系,这些研究有助于克里金估计中计算参数的合理选择和储层预测精度的提高。应用分形克里金方法进行井间剖面上的储层参数(孔隙度、泥质含量)预测,分析井间储层参数的非均质性。
最后,总结了地质统计学方法的特点和适用条件,以及应用地质统计学方法提高预测储层精度的方法和手段。
Reservoir prediction has been very concerned about in geologicalreservoir research ,which includes two important work: studying thereservoir heterogeneity and improving prediction accuracy. The methods ofgeostatistics in reservoir prediction have been studied , that focus on thereservoir heterogeneity research and improving reservoir prediction accuracy.
Firstly, calculation methods, fitting methods and nested methods ofvariogram have been studied. Through practical application, calculatetwo-dimensional variogram and variogram of different directions, determinethe orientation of reservoir parameters and heterogeneity of reservoirparameters distribution by observing all directions of the variogramparameters. Then apply linear programming method to fit the variogram,analyze linear programming method and compare it with conventionalvariogram fitting method. According to fitting results and orientation ofreservoirparameters,thevariogramhavebeennested.
Secondly, the reservoir parameters(porosity and thickness)oftwo-dimensional horizon have been predicted by using the methods ofOrdinary Kriging, Co-kriging, Collocated Co-kriging and sequential Gaussiansimulation. And use cross-validation method for analyzing feasibility and accuracy of reservoir prediction. Also study the impact factors of krigingmethods, such as the variogram models, the scope of the search and so on.Also the intuitive relationships between kriging estimate and these factors canbe built. These studies can help to choose reasonable kriging parameters andimprove reservoir prediction accuracy. The reservoir parameters (porosity andclay content) of crosshole profile have been predicted by using fractal krigingmethod and heterogeneity of inter-well reservoir parameters have beenannualized.
Finally, characteristics and conditions of geostatistical methods andmeans of raising accuracy in reservoir prediction are summarized.
首先,研究变差函数的计算方法、拟合方法和套合方法。通过实际资料的应用,计算了储层参数的二维变差函数和各个方向的变差函数,观察各个方向的变差函数的参数值,判断储层参数的方向性和储层参数分布的非均质性。应用线性规划方法拟合了变差函数,并分析比较了线性规划方法与常规的变差函数拟合方法的应用效果。根据拟合结果和储层参数的方向性进行了变差函数的套合。
其次,应用普通克里金方法、协克里金方法、配置协克里金方法以及序贯高斯模拟方法对二维层面上的储层参数(孔隙度和厚度)进行预测,并利用交叉验证方法进行储层预测的可行性、准确性分析,同时研究克里金方法的影响因素,如变差函数模型、搜索范围等。建立了各种影响因素对克里金估计结果的直观关系,这些研究有助于克里金估计中计算参数的合理选择和储层预测精度的提高。应用分形克里金方法进行井间剖面上的储层参数(孔隙度、泥质含量)预测,分析井间储层参数的非均质性。
最后,总结了地质统计学方法的特点和适用条件,以及应用地质统计学方法提高预测储层精度的方法和手段。
Reservoir prediction has been very concerned about in geologicalreservoir research ,which includes two important work: studying thereservoir heterogeneity and improving prediction accuracy. The methods ofgeostatistics in reservoir prediction have been studied , that focus on thereservoir heterogeneity research and improving reservoir prediction accuracy.
Firstly, calculation methods, fitting methods and nested methods ofvariogram have been studied. Through practical application, calculatetwo-dimensional variogram and variogram of different directions, determinethe orientation of reservoir parameters and heterogeneity of reservoirparameters distribution by observing all directions of the variogramparameters. Then apply linear programming method to fit the variogram,analyze linear programming method and compare it with conventionalvariogram fitting method. According to fitting results and orientation ofreservoirparameters,thevariogramhavebeennested.
Secondly, the reservoir parameters(porosity and thickness)oftwo-dimensional horizon have been predicted by using the methods ofOrdinary Kriging, Co-kriging, Collocated Co-kriging and sequential Gaussiansimulation. And use cross-validation method for analyzing feasibility and accuracy of reservoir prediction. Also study the impact factors of krigingmethods, such as the variogram models, the scope of the search and so on.Also the intuitive relationships between kriging estimate and these factors canbe built. These studies can help to choose reasonable kriging parameters andimprove reservoir prediction accuracy. The reservoir parameters (porosity andclay content) of crosshole profile have been predicted by using fractal krigingmethod and heterogeneity of inter-well reservoir parameters have beenannualized.
Finally, characteristics and conditions of geostatistical methods andmeans of raising accuracy in reservoir prediction are summarized.
引文
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[22] 毕研斌,麻成斗.变差函数在描述储集层平面非均质性中的应用.新疆石油地质,2003;24(3):251～253
[23] JerryL.Jensenetal.Methodologyforintegratinganaloggeologicdatain3-D variogram modeling: Discussion. AAPG Bulletin , 2001;85(4):749~750
[24] 印兴耀,贺维胜.贝叶斯-序贯高斯模拟方法.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005;29(5):28～32
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[27] P.Lamyetal.FromSeismictoReservoirPropertiesUsingGeostatisticalInversion.SPE49147, SPE, NewOrleans, USA:SPE, 1998:1~11
[28] Philippe Lamy et al. From seismic to reservoir properties withgeostatistical inversion. SPE Reservoir Eval. & Eng. , 1999;2(4):334~344
[29] 邱立伟,杨安平.孤家子—后五家户气田地震反演与储层建模综合研究.勘探地球物理进展,2004;27(1):50~52
[30] 渗国强.随机地震反演方法及其在埕北35井区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2004;39(1):75～81
[31] 纪发华,熊琦华.序贯指示建模方法在枣南油田储层非均质研究中的应用.石油学报,1994;15卷增刊:181～186
[32] Tapan Mukerji. Statistical rock physics: Combining rock physics,information theory, and geostatistics to reduce uncertainty in seismicreservoircharacterization.TheLeadingEdge,2001;3:313~319
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