蓝牙高级音频应用系统设计与实现
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摘要
蓝牙是一种短距离无线通信技术,用以代替数字设备和计算机外设间的电缆连线以及实现数字设备间的无线组网——微微网。遵循蓝牙规范的设备之间能够非常方便的建立数据和语音连接。这些体积小、功耗低的蓝牙技术产品,比如蓝牙遥控器等,可以方便地集成到几乎任何数字设备中,成本却比较低,应用前景非常广阔。随着社会的进步以及蓝牙技术的快速普及,消费者对各种蓝牙产品的集成度以及功能也提出了更高的要求。比如在蓝牙音频应用领域,人们要求在提供高清晰语音通话质量的通话设备中同时具备传输高质量的立体声音频流的功能。
在这种背景下蓝牙高级音频应用系统模型被提出,并就此给出了一套单芯片解决方案。此套方案主要包含三大功能:立体声音频流传输,免提通话和无线遥控,并利用软硬件回声消除技术解决传统音频应用的回声干扰大、音频质量差等问题。
通过对蓝牙核心协议和应用框架规范的学习研究,设计并实现了符合蓝牙应用框架规范要求的协议栈结构的蓝牙高级音频应用系统软件,同时还给出了一种基于DSP的回声消除算法帮助达到预期效果。设计了基于Bluecore3-Multimedia芯片的系统外围硬件逻辑电路给予实现,并给出了最终产品的射频和功耗测试结果。实践证明:这套蓝牙高级音频应用系统解决方案能够达到预期效果,具有领先的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。
Bluetooth is a kind of technology for short-haul wireless communication. It can be used to take place of the cables between the digital devices and computer peripheral equipments to set up the wireless network—Piconet. The data and audio links between different devices conforming to the Bluetooth specification can be established easily. Bluetooth product, such as the Bluetooth remote controller, usually offers the following features: low power consumption, small bulk and good compatibility, which ensure that it will integrate into any digital devices easily. And the cost is so little that the Bluetooth technology will be in widespread use in the future. With the development of society, the Bluetooth product becomes more and more popular and the consumers demand for more functions and higher integration. For example, in the Bluetooth audio application, people request the stereo audio stream distribution during the hi-fi communication.
An application model is defined for the Advanced Bluetooth Audio Application System. A single-chip solution basing on it is provided, which contains many functions including the stereo stream distribution, the hand-free for call and the audio/video remote control. Furthermore, the software and hardware echo cancellation technology is applied to avoiding the interference from echo and providing a good voice quality.
The software entity basing on the Bluetooth protocol stack, which conforms to the Bluetooth specification, is constructed. And an echo cancellation algorithm basing on DSP is also presented to achieve the expectation. The hardware circuit is designed according to the Bluetooth single-chip——CSR’s Bluecore3-Multimedia. And the result of the product’s power consumption and RF test is offered. It indicates that the solution on the Advanced Bluetooth Audio Application System achieves the expectation and has the technical predominance. There is no doubt that it will have a far-ranging application in the future!
在这种背景下蓝牙高级音频应用系统模型被提出,并就此给出了一套单芯片解决方案。此套方案主要包含三大功能:立体声音频流传输,免提通话和无线遥控,并利用软硬件回声消除技术解决传统音频应用的回声干扰大、音频质量差等问题。
通过对蓝牙核心协议和应用框架规范的学习研究,设计并实现了符合蓝牙应用框架规范要求的协议栈结构的蓝牙高级音频应用系统软件,同时还给出了一种基于DSP的回声消除算法帮助达到预期效果。设计了基于Bluecore3-Multimedia芯片的系统外围硬件逻辑电路给予实现,并给出了最终产品的射频和功耗测试结果。实践证明:这套蓝牙高级音频应用系统解决方案能够达到预期效果,具有领先的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。
Bluetooth is a kind of technology for short-haul wireless communication. It can be used to take place of the cables between the digital devices and computer peripheral equipments to set up the wireless network—Piconet. The data and audio links between different devices conforming to the Bluetooth specification can be established easily. Bluetooth product, such as the Bluetooth remote controller, usually offers the following features: low power consumption, small bulk and good compatibility, which ensure that it will integrate into any digital devices easily. And the cost is so little that the Bluetooth technology will be in widespread use in the future. With the development of society, the Bluetooth product becomes more and more popular and the consumers demand for more functions and higher integration. For example, in the Bluetooth audio application, people request the stereo audio stream distribution during the hi-fi communication.
An application model is defined for the Advanced Bluetooth Audio Application System. A single-chip solution basing on it is provided, which contains many functions including the stereo stream distribution, the hand-free for call and the audio/video remote control. Furthermore, the software and hardware echo cancellation technology is applied to avoiding the interference from echo and providing a good voice quality.
The software entity basing on the Bluetooth protocol stack, which conforms to the Bluetooth specification, is constructed. And an echo cancellation algorithm basing on DSP is also presented to achieve the expectation. The hardware circuit is designed according to the Bluetooth single-chip——CSR’s Bluecore3-Multimedia. And the result of the product’s power consumption and RF test is offered. It indicates that the solution on the Advanced Bluetooth Audio Application System achieves the expectation and has the technical predominance. There is no doubt that it will have a far-ranging application in the future!
引文
[1] Michael Miller. 蓝牙技术起跳(第一版). 李纯, 周开波, 董兆丰. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002. 1-3
[2] 严紫建, 刘元安. Bluetooth 蓝牙技术. 北京: 北京邮电大学出版社, 2001. 2-7
[3] 庄奕琪. 蓝牙——梦想与现实. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002. 212-237
[4] Adam Laurie. Digital detective - Bluetooth[J]. Digital Investigation, March 2006, 3(1): 17-19
[5] 禹帆. 蓝牙技术. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2002. 1-6
[6] Miller, B.A. 蓝牙核心技术. 宋俊德, 侯春萍, 宋梅等. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2001. 2-7
[7] Raffaele Bruno, Marco Conti, Enrico Gregori. Bluetooth: Architecture, Protocols and Scheduling Algorithms[J]. Cluster Computing, April 2002, 5 (2): 11-13
[8] John Esquiagola, Guilherme Ozari, Marcio Yukio Teruya et al. A Dynamically Reconfigurable Bluetooth Base Band Unit. in: Tero Rissa, Steven J. E. Wilton, Philip Heng Wai Leong(Eds.). Field-Programmable Logic and Applications, Tampere, Finland. 2005. IEEE 2005. 148-150
[9] Bluetooth SIG. Specification of the Bluetooth System Version 1.0B [S], 1999. 249-313
[10] Bluetooth SIG. Specification of the Bluetooth System Core version 1.2 [S], 2003. 21-102
[11] Bluetooth SIG. Specification of the Bluetooth system Core version 2.0+EDR [S], 2004. 115-156
[12] 张禄林, 雷春娟, 郎晓虹. 蓝牙协议及其实现. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001. 126-131
[13] 马建仓, 罗亚军, 赵玉亭. 蓝牙核心技术及应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003. 206-211
[14] Sherali Zeadally, Aarti Kumar. Design, implementation, and evaluation of the audio/video distribution transport protocol(AVDTP)for high quality audio support over Bluetooth[J]. Computer Communications, February 2005, Volume 28(Number 2): 215-223
[15] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol Specification version 1.0 [S], 2003. 9-12
[16] Nils Agne Nordbotten, Tor Skeie, Niels D. Aakvaag. Methods for service discovery in Bluetooth scatternets[J]. Computer Communications, July 2004, 27(11): 1087-1096
[17] Nathan J. Muller. Bluetooth Demystified(影印本). 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001. 196-199
[18] Sasikanth Avancha, Anupam Joshi, Timothy W. Finin. Enhanced Service Discovery in Bluetooth[J]. IEEE Computer, June 2002, 35(6): 96-99
[19] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile version 1.0 [S], 2003. 8-19
[20] Bluetooth SIG. Headset Profile version 1.1[S], 2001. 204-205, 209-214
[21] Bluetooth SIG Car Working Group. Hands-Free Profile Adopted Version 1.0 [S], 2003. 12-14, 17-63
[22] The Promoter members of Bluetooth SIG. Hands-Free Profile version 1.5[S], 2005. 17-22, 25-27
[23] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Advanced Audio Distribution Profile version 1.0 [S], 2003. 12-35, 56-69
[24] Sherali Zeadally, Aarti Kumar. Protocol Support for Audio Streaming between Bluetooth Devices. in: Proceedings of IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON 2004). Atlanta, GA, September 2004. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004. 303-306
[25] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol Specification version 1.0 Adopted [S], 2003. 9-25
[26] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Audio/Video Remote Control Profileversion 1.0 [S], 2003. 15-18, 22-25, 26-32
[27] Farzad Nekoogar, Gene Moriarty. Digital Control Using Digital Signal Processing. Peatson Education, 2002. 263-280
[28] 黄智伟. 蓝牙硬件电路. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005. 353-405
[29] David M. Pozar. Microwave and RF Wireless System. JOHN WILEY&SONS. INC., 2001. 111-120, 125-131
[30] Udo Zolzer. Digital Audio Signal Processing. JOHN WILEY&SONS. INC., 1998. 259-265
[31] 马小珩, 王秀美, 陈友凤. 蓝牙技术在音频/视频设备中的应用[J]. 无线电工程, 2001(12): 32-36
[32] Ling-Jyh Chen, Rohit Kapoor, Kevin Lee et al. Audio Streaming over Bluetooth: An Adaptive ARQ Timeout Approach. in: ICDCS 2004 Workshops. IEEE Computer Society 2004. Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan, March 2004. 196-201
[33] 殷伟凤, 徐君国, 刘高平. 蓝牙技术在音频网关中的应用[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003(12): 54-56
[34] 李航, 江中澳. 蓝牙技术应用-语音数据网关[J]. 无线电工程, 2001(12): 37-39
[35] Chong Hooi Chia, M. Salim Beg. MPEG-4 Video Transmission over Bluetooth Links[J]. IEEE International Conference Personal Wireless Communication, 2002. 280-284
[36] 黄载禄, 殷蔚华. 通信原理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005. 135-140
[37] Pravin Bhagwat. Industry Report: Bluetooth: Technology for Short-Range Wireless Apps[J]. IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 2001, Volume 5(Number 3): 96-98
[38] R.Kapoor, Ling-Jyh Chen, Yeng-Zhong Lee et al. Bluetooth: Carrying Voice over ACL. in: The 4th International Conference on Mobile and Wileless Communications Network(MWCN’02). Stockholm, Sweden, 2002. 4th IEEE Int. Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network, 2002, IEEE2002. 379-383
[39] Bluetooth SIG Car Working Group. Hands-Free Profile version 1.5[S], 2005. 27-40
[40] 刘国巍, 梁钊, 沈连丰. 基于蓝牙技术的车载免提系统研究[J]. 电声技术,2003(11): 52-54
[41] 徐欣欣, 叶敦范. 蓝牙芯片 WRAP THOR 2022-1 在蓝牙语音车载免提电话系统中的应用[J]. 微型计算机信息, 2006(1): 230-232
[42] 黄国平, 王金龙. 蓝牙遥控器系统的设计与实现[J]. 电子科技大学学报, 2004(8): 395-398
[43] 芮亚楠. 音视频应用中蓝牙遥控的设计与实现[J]. 微计算机信息, 2006, 7(2): 243-245
[44] David Kammer, Gordon McNutt, Brian Senese et al. 蓝牙应用开发指南——近程互联解决方案. 李静, 奉继辉, 王婷等. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003. 176-181
[45] 钱志红, 杨帆, 周求湛. 蓝牙技术原理、开发与应用. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006. 256-273
[46] Sen M Kao, Bob H Lee. Real-Time Digital Signal Processing. JOHN WILEY&SON, LTD., 2001. 417-427
[47] 赵海燕, 刘昕. 蓝牙协议一致性测试和蓝牙测试仪[J]. 无线电工程, 2002, 32 (6): 53-57
[48] Sule Ozev, Christian Olgaard, Alex Orailoglu. Multilevel Testability Analysis and Solutions for Integrated Bluetooth Transceivers[J]. IEEE Design & Test of Computers, September/October 2002, 19(5): 82-91
[49] 金纯, 许光辰, 孙睿. 蓝牙技术. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2001. 63-65
[50] 孙娱, 刘桂山. 蓝牙协议及其测试技术[J]. 计算机应用研究, 2003, 20 (6): 20-22
[2] 严紫建, 刘元安. Bluetooth 蓝牙技术. 北京: 北京邮电大学出版社, 2001. 2-7
[3] 庄奕琪. 蓝牙——梦想与现实. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002. 212-237
[4] Adam Laurie. Digital detective - Bluetooth[J]. Digital Investigation, March 2006, 3(1): 17-19
[5] 禹帆. 蓝牙技术. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2002. 1-6
[6] Miller, B.A. 蓝牙核心技术. 宋俊德, 侯春萍, 宋梅等. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2001. 2-7
[7] Raffaele Bruno, Marco Conti, Enrico Gregori. Bluetooth: Architecture, Protocols and Scheduling Algorithms[J]. Cluster Computing, April 2002, 5 (2): 11-13
[8] John Esquiagola, Guilherme Ozari, Marcio Yukio Teruya et al. A Dynamically Reconfigurable Bluetooth Base Band Unit. in: Tero Rissa, Steven J. E. Wilton, Philip Heng Wai Leong(Eds.). Field-Programmable Logic and Applications, Tampere, Finland. 2005. IEEE 2005. 148-150
[9] Bluetooth SIG. Specification of the Bluetooth System Version 1.0B [S], 1999. 249-313
[10] Bluetooth SIG. Specification of the Bluetooth System Core version 1.2 [S], 2003. 21-102
[11] Bluetooth SIG. Specification of the Bluetooth system Core version 2.0+EDR [S], 2004. 115-156
[12] 张禄林, 雷春娟, 郎晓虹. 蓝牙协议及其实现. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001. 126-131
[13] 马建仓, 罗亚军, 赵玉亭. 蓝牙核心技术及应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003. 206-211
[14] Sherali Zeadally, Aarti Kumar. Design, implementation, and evaluation of the audio/video distribution transport protocol(AVDTP)for high quality audio support over Bluetooth[J]. Computer Communications, February 2005, Volume 28(Number 2): 215-223
[15] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol Specification version 1.0 [S], 2003. 9-12
[16] Nils Agne Nordbotten, Tor Skeie, Niels D. Aakvaag. Methods for service discovery in Bluetooth scatternets[J]. Computer Communications, July 2004, 27(11): 1087-1096
[17] Nathan J. Muller. Bluetooth Demystified(影印本). 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001. 196-199
[18] Sasikanth Avancha, Anupam Joshi, Timothy W. Finin. Enhanced Service Discovery in Bluetooth[J]. IEEE Computer, June 2002, 35(6): 96-99
[19] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile version 1.0 [S], 2003. 8-19
[20] Bluetooth SIG. Headset Profile version 1.1[S], 2001. 204-205, 209-214
[21] Bluetooth SIG Car Working Group. Hands-Free Profile Adopted Version 1.0 [S], 2003. 12-14, 17-63
[22] The Promoter members of Bluetooth SIG. Hands-Free Profile version 1.5[S], 2005. 17-22, 25-27
[23] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Advanced Audio Distribution Profile version 1.0 [S], 2003. 12-35, 56-69
[24] Sherali Zeadally, Aarti Kumar. Protocol Support for Audio Streaming between Bluetooth Devices. in: Proceedings of IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON 2004). Atlanta, GA, September 2004. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004. 303-306
[25] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol Specification version 1.0 Adopted [S], 2003. 9-25
[26] Bluetooth SIG Audio Video Working Group. Audio/Video Remote Control Profileversion 1.0 [S], 2003. 15-18, 22-25, 26-32
[27] Farzad Nekoogar, Gene Moriarty. Digital Control Using Digital Signal Processing. Peatson Education, 2002. 263-280
[28] 黄智伟. 蓝牙硬件电路. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005. 353-405
[29] David M. Pozar. Microwave and RF Wireless System. JOHN WILEY&SONS. INC., 2001. 111-120, 125-131
[30] Udo Zolzer. Digital Audio Signal Processing. JOHN WILEY&SONS. INC., 1998. 259-265
[31] 马小珩, 王秀美, 陈友凤. 蓝牙技术在音频/视频设备中的应用[J]. 无线电工程, 2001(12): 32-36
[32] Ling-Jyh Chen, Rohit Kapoor, Kevin Lee et al. Audio Streaming over Bluetooth: An Adaptive ARQ Timeout Approach. in: ICDCS 2004 Workshops. IEEE Computer Society 2004. Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan, March 2004. 196-201
[33] 殷伟凤, 徐君国, 刘高平. 蓝牙技术在音频网关中的应用[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003(12): 54-56
[34] 李航, 江中澳. 蓝牙技术应用-语音数据网关[J]. 无线电工程, 2001(12): 37-39
[35] Chong Hooi Chia, M. Salim Beg. MPEG-4 Video Transmission over Bluetooth Links[J]. IEEE International Conference Personal Wireless Communication, 2002. 280-284
[36] 黄载禄, 殷蔚华. 通信原理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005. 135-140
[37] Pravin Bhagwat. Industry Report: Bluetooth: Technology for Short-Range Wireless Apps[J]. IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 2001, Volume 5(Number 3): 96-98
[38] R.Kapoor, Ling-Jyh Chen, Yeng-Zhong Lee et al. Bluetooth: Carrying Voice over ACL. in: The 4th International Conference on Mobile and Wileless Communications Network(MWCN’02). Stockholm, Sweden, 2002. 4th IEEE Int. Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network, 2002, IEEE2002. 379-383
[39] Bluetooth SIG Car Working Group. Hands-Free Profile version 1.5[S], 2005. 27-40
[40] 刘国巍, 梁钊, 沈连丰. 基于蓝牙技术的车载免提系统研究[J]. 电声技术,2003(11): 52-54
[41] 徐欣欣, 叶敦范. 蓝牙芯片 WRAP THOR 2022-1 在蓝牙语音车载免提电话系统中的应用[J]. 微型计算机信息, 2006(1): 230-232
[42] 黄国平, 王金龙. 蓝牙遥控器系统的设计与实现[J]. 电子科技大学学报, 2004(8): 395-398
[43] 芮亚楠. 音视频应用中蓝牙遥控的设计与实现[J]. 微计算机信息, 2006, 7(2): 243-245
[44] David Kammer, Gordon McNutt, Brian Senese et al. 蓝牙应用开发指南——近程互联解决方案. 李静, 奉继辉, 王婷等. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003. 176-181
[45] 钱志红, 杨帆, 周求湛. 蓝牙技术原理、开发与应用. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006. 256-273
[46] Sen M Kao, Bob H Lee. Real-Time Digital Signal Processing. JOHN WILEY&SON, LTD., 2001. 417-427
[47] 赵海燕, 刘昕. 蓝牙协议一致性测试和蓝牙测试仪[J]. 无线电工程, 2002, 32 (6): 53-57
[48] Sule Ozev, Christian Olgaard, Alex Orailoglu. Multilevel Testability Analysis and Solutions for Integrated Bluetooth Transceivers[J]. IEEE Design & Test of Computers, September/October 2002, 19(5): 82-91
[49] 金纯, 许光辰, 孙睿. 蓝牙技术. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2001. 63-65
[50] 孙娱, 刘桂山. 蓝牙协议及其测试技术[J]. 计算机应用研究, 2003, 20 (6): 20-22