鸡毒霉形体黏附素特性鉴定及其鸡胚组织互作蛋白的分布研究
|
摘要
鸡毒霉形体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)是鸡慢性呼吸道病的病原菌。本病在世界各地的鸡群中普遍存在,给养禽业造成严重的经济损失。许多研究表明,MG通过表面的黏附素(Protein Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adheain,pMGA)与鸡呼吸道粘膜表面的受体结合而侵染宿主。为了阐明pMGA的结构、功能及其在鸡毒霉形体感染中的分子致病机制,本研究鉴定了鸡毒霉形体黏附素特性、探讨了pMGA与宿主受体分子的相互作用及受体在鸡组织中的分布规律,为进一步研究鸡体内pMGA受体基因的类型、分子结构及作用方式奠定了基础,取得了如下结果。
1.鸡毒霉形体黏附素特性鉴定
通过生物学软件及相关在线分析工具,对pMGA进行基于氨基酸序列的生物信息学分析,包括蛋白质理化特性、功能域、磷酸化位点、基序及空间结构等。分析表明,pMGA1.2主要在细胞外发挥生物学作用,分子量64.9kD,理论等电点为5.58,半衰期体外培养的哺乳动物网状细胞为30h,酵母菌体内20h以上,大肠杆菌体内10h以上;a螺旋占26.59%,主要存在于210位氨基酸之前;β折叠占23.08%,存在于210位氨基酸之后,无规卷曲占50.33%,该蛋白为稳定的球状蛋白质;pMGA1.2分子有6类基序模式,53个基序位点和21个抗原决定簇,而且有4处具有明显的卷曲螺旋;pMGA1.2含有5个结构域,分别为蛋白家族Myco_haema结构域、2个FIVAR结构域、C末端有1个甲基化-DNA-蛋白半胱氨酸甲基转移酶结构域和1个半乳糖结合区;pMGA1.2属于霉形体血凝素超家族的一员,与霉形体R株黏附蛋白相似度高达99%。
2.鸡毒霉形体黏附素截短蛋白及全蛋白表达产物免疫学特性鉴定
对pMGA1.2和pMGAⅣ片段基因原核表达条件进行优化,获得了pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ可溶性表达的最佳条件。pMGA1.2表达量在裂解液全菌体和上清液中分别达18.5%和17%,pMGAⅣ表达量在裂解液全菌体和上清液中分别达28%和18%。采用GST亲和层析柱纯化pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ,纯度达95%左右。免疫印迹结果表明,pMGA1.2和pMGAⅣ融合蛋白能与兔源鸡毒霉形体阳性血清发生特异性免疫反应,出现明显的显色条带;空载体对照无显色条带;表明本实验所获得的pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ融合蛋白均具有良好的免疫学活性。
3.免疫荧光检测pMGA受体在鸡胚组织中的分布
用蛋白酶thrombin切去融合蛋白pMGA1.2的GST标签,获得纯化的pMGA1.2,建立了检测鸡胚组织中pMGA受体的间接免疫荧光组织化学方法。将20日龄SPF鸡胚的气管、心、肺、肝、肾、十二指肠、法氏囊、腺胃、胸腺和脾脏等组织制成石蜡切片,采用纯化的pMGA1.2与各组织作用,用兔源的MG阳性血清和FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG来检测受体分布。结果表明:除脾脏外,其他组织中均出现明亮的特异性荧光,说明这些组织可能均存在能与pMGA1.2特异性结合的蛋白即受体蛋白。其中,pMGA的受体分布于气管和十二指肠的纤毛上皮细胞,肺脏的肺泡上皮细胞,法氏囊盲突的淋巴小结的皮质区,胸腺的皮质部,腺胃的粘膜层,肝脏、心脏及肾脏中pMGA受体的位置暂时无法确定。
4.鸡胚组织膜蛋白与鸡毒霉形体黏附素特异结合的研究
采用差速离心提取鸡胚组织膜蛋白,经处理后固定于硝酸纤维素膜上。以纯化的pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ为“靶蛋白”,用兔源MG阳性血清与羊抗兔酶标IgG检测鸡胚各组织中是否存在能与pMGA反应的组织蛋白;SDS-PAGE分析组织膜蛋白。结果表明,除脾脏外,其他组织中均存在与pMGA1.2和pMGAⅣ特异结合的膜蛋白,其中分子量为36.5kD或(和)27.2kD的蛋白可能是pMGA1.2的受体,pMGAⅣ是与受体结合的肽段。
Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) is the etiologic agents of chronic respiratory disease which commonly occurred in the world and resulted in severe lose to poultry industry. Researches had indicated that MG infested host by connecting its protein of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adhesin(pMGA) with surface receptors on the mucosa of respiratory tract. To eliminate pMGA structure,function and molecular pathogenic mechanism of MG,the characteristics of pMGA was identified,and the interaction of pMGA with receptor in host was discussed.Moreover,receptor distribution in chick tissues was detected.These results including below,will be helpful to research the genotype,molecular structure and acting mode of pMGA receptor.
1.Characteristic Identification of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adhesin Protein
Based on amino acid sequence,bioinformatics analysis of pMGA physical and chemical characteristics,domain,phosphorylated sites,sequent and space structure were carried out with biological software and online analytical tool.pMGA1.2 bio-function mainly occurred out of cell.Its molecular weight was 64.9kD,isoelectric point in abstracto was 5.58,estimated half-life were 30 hours,20 hours and 10 hours respectively in mammal reticulocyte,yeast and E.coli.pGMA1.2 was stable globular protein because of that its secondary structure had 26.5%a-helix mainly in front of the 210 amino acids, 23.08%βfolds and 50.33%andom coil mainly behind the 210 amino acids.There were 6 motif modes,53 motif sites,21 antigen determinants and 4 obvious coiled coils in pMGA1.2,pGMA1.2 also included a typical domain of the mycoplasma hemaglutinin superfamily,two FIVAR domains(Uncharacterized Sugar-binding Domain),one domain of methylated DNA-protein cysteine methyltransferase of C-terminal,one galactose binding domain-like.pGMA was also a member of MG hemagglutinin superfamily and had 99%semblance with adhesin protein sequence in R strain mycoplasma.
2.Immunological Characteristics of Expression Product of Brachytmema and Complete Proteins of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adhesin
Under the optimum conditions,the soluble expression quantities of pMGA1.2 were highly to 18.5%and 17.0%in complete thaline and supernatant respectively,and expression amount of pMGAⅣwere up to 28%and 18%respectively in complete thaline and supematant.95%purity of pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣwere obtained with GST affinity column.Obviously colored straps emerged with immunoblotting while fusion proteins of pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣreacted with specific positive sera of MG,demonstrated that fusion proteins of pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣhad satisfactory Immunologic competence.
3.Receptor Distribution of pMGA in Chick Embryo Tissues with Immunofluorescence
Indirect immunofluorescent histochemistry test was set up with purified pMGA1.2 separated from pMGA1.2·GST,in which the GST was cut off with Thrombin.Paraffin sections of tissues were respectively reacted with pGMA1.2,MG sera from rabbits and secondary antibodies marked with FITC in proper order.Beside spleen,specific fluorescence could be observed in trachea,lung,liver,kidney,duodenum,bursa of Fabricius,glandular stomach,thymus and heart from twenty days old SPF chick embryo, which suggested that specific pMGA1.2 receptors could reside in all these nine tissues or organs.Moreover,pMGA receptors mainly located on lymphatic nodule cortical area of diverticule of bursa of Fabricius,thymic cortical part,mucosa of glandular stomach,and ciliated epithelial cells of trachea,bronchus and duodenum.However,the distributed site of pMGA receptor in liver,heart and kidney couldn't be defined still.
4.Specific Combination of pMGA with Membrane Proteins in Chick Embryo Tissues
Membrane proteins was abstracted with differential centrifugation,and doted on nitrocellulose filter.As target proteins,purified pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣwere connected with membrane proteins and antibodies of MG from rabbits,and MG antibodies were combinated with IgG marked with HRP.SDS-PAGE was also applied to identify receptor proteins.The results showed that the membrane proteins with molecular weights 36.5kD and/or 27.2kD,specifically binding with pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣ,might be receptor proteins of pMGA1.2,but pMGAⅣwas a peptide connecting receptor proteins and pMGA1.2.
1.鸡毒霉形体黏附素特性鉴定
通过生物学软件及相关在线分析工具,对pMGA进行基于氨基酸序列的生物信息学分析,包括蛋白质理化特性、功能域、磷酸化位点、基序及空间结构等。分析表明,pMGA1.2主要在细胞外发挥生物学作用,分子量64.9kD,理论等电点为5.58,半衰期体外培养的哺乳动物网状细胞为30h,酵母菌体内20h以上,大肠杆菌体内10h以上;a螺旋占26.59%,主要存在于210位氨基酸之前;β折叠占23.08%,存在于210位氨基酸之后,无规卷曲占50.33%,该蛋白为稳定的球状蛋白质;pMGA1.2分子有6类基序模式,53个基序位点和21个抗原决定簇,而且有4处具有明显的卷曲螺旋;pMGA1.2含有5个结构域,分别为蛋白家族Myco_haema结构域、2个FIVAR结构域、C末端有1个甲基化-DNA-蛋白半胱氨酸甲基转移酶结构域和1个半乳糖结合区;pMGA1.2属于霉形体血凝素超家族的一员,与霉形体R株黏附蛋白相似度高达99%。
2.鸡毒霉形体黏附素截短蛋白及全蛋白表达产物免疫学特性鉴定
对pMGA1.2和pMGAⅣ片段基因原核表达条件进行优化,获得了pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ可溶性表达的最佳条件。pMGA1.2表达量在裂解液全菌体和上清液中分别达18.5%和17%,pMGAⅣ表达量在裂解液全菌体和上清液中分别达28%和18%。采用GST亲和层析柱纯化pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ,纯度达95%左右。免疫印迹结果表明,pMGA1.2和pMGAⅣ融合蛋白能与兔源鸡毒霉形体阳性血清发生特异性免疫反应,出现明显的显色条带;空载体对照无显色条带;表明本实验所获得的pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ融合蛋白均具有良好的免疫学活性。
3.免疫荧光检测pMGA受体在鸡胚组织中的分布
用蛋白酶thrombin切去融合蛋白pMGA1.2的GST标签,获得纯化的pMGA1.2,建立了检测鸡胚组织中pMGA受体的间接免疫荧光组织化学方法。将20日龄SPF鸡胚的气管、心、肺、肝、肾、十二指肠、法氏囊、腺胃、胸腺和脾脏等组织制成石蜡切片,采用纯化的pMGA1.2与各组织作用,用兔源的MG阳性血清和FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG来检测受体分布。结果表明:除脾脏外,其他组织中均出现明亮的特异性荧光,说明这些组织可能均存在能与pMGA1.2特异性结合的蛋白即受体蛋白。其中,pMGA的受体分布于气管和十二指肠的纤毛上皮细胞,肺脏的肺泡上皮细胞,法氏囊盲突的淋巴小结的皮质区,胸腺的皮质部,腺胃的粘膜层,肝脏、心脏及肾脏中pMGA受体的位置暂时无法确定。
4.鸡胚组织膜蛋白与鸡毒霉形体黏附素特异结合的研究
采用差速离心提取鸡胚组织膜蛋白,经处理后固定于硝酸纤维素膜上。以纯化的pMGA1.2及pMGAⅣ为“靶蛋白”,用兔源MG阳性血清与羊抗兔酶标IgG检测鸡胚各组织中是否存在能与pMGA反应的组织蛋白;SDS-PAGE分析组织膜蛋白。结果表明,除脾脏外,其他组织中均存在与pMGA1.2和pMGAⅣ特异结合的膜蛋白,其中分子量为36.5kD或(和)27.2kD的蛋白可能是pMGA1.2的受体,pMGAⅣ是与受体结合的肽段。
Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) is the etiologic agents of chronic respiratory disease which commonly occurred in the world and resulted in severe lose to poultry industry. Researches had indicated that MG infested host by connecting its protein of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adhesin(pMGA) with surface receptors on the mucosa of respiratory tract. To eliminate pMGA structure,function and molecular pathogenic mechanism of MG,the characteristics of pMGA was identified,and the interaction of pMGA with receptor in host was discussed.Moreover,receptor distribution in chick tissues was detected.These results including below,will be helpful to research the genotype,molecular structure and acting mode of pMGA receptor.
1.Characteristic Identification of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adhesin Protein
Based on amino acid sequence,bioinformatics analysis of pMGA physical and chemical characteristics,domain,phosphorylated sites,sequent and space structure were carried out with biological software and online analytical tool.pMGA1.2 bio-function mainly occurred out of cell.Its molecular weight was 64.9kD,isoelectric point in abstracto was 5.58,estimated half-life were 30 hours,20 hours and 10 hours respectively in mammal reticulocyte,yeast and E.coli.pGMA1.2 was stable globular protein because of that its secondary structure had 26.5%a-helix mainly in front of the 210 amino acids, 23.08%βfolds and 50.33%andom coil mainly behind the 210 amino acids.There were 6 motif modes,53 motif sites,21 antigen determinants and 4 obvious coiled coils in pMGA1.2,pGMA1.2 also included a typical domain of the mycoplasma hemaglutinin superfamily,two FIVAR domains(Uncharacterized Sugar-binding Domain),one domain of methylated DNA-protein cysteine methyltransferase of C-terminal,one galactose binding domain-like.pGMA was also a member of MG hemagglutinin superfamily and had 99%semblance with adhesin protein sequence in R strain mycoplasma.
2.Immunological Characteristics of Expression Product of Brachytmema and Complete Proteins of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Adhesin
Under the optimum conditions,the soluble expression quantities of pMGA1.2 were highly to 18.5%and 17.0%in complete thaline and supernatant respectively,and expression amount of pMGAⅣwere up to 28%and 18%respectively in complete thaline and supematant.95%purity of pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣwere obtained with GST affinity column.Obviously colored straps emerged with immunoblotting while fusion proteins of pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣreacted with specific positive sera of MG,demonstrated that fusion proteins of pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣhad satisfactory Immunologic competence.
3.Receptor Distribution of pMGA in Chick Embryo Tissues with Immunofluorescence
Indirect immunofluorescent histochemistry test was set up with purified pMGA1.2 separated from pMGA1.2·GST,in which the GST was cut off with Thrombin.Paraffin sections of tissues were respectively reacted with pGMA1.2,MG sera from rabbits and secondary antibodies marked with FITC in proper order.Beside spleen,specific fluorescence could be observed in trachea,lung,liver,kidney,duodenum,bursa of Fabricius,glandular stomach,thymus and heart from twenty days old SPF chick embryo, which suggested that specific pMGA1.2 receptors could reside in all these nine tissues or organs.Moreover,pMGA receptors mainly located on lymphatic nodule cortical area of diverticule of bursa of Fabricius,thymic cortical part,mucosa of glandular stomach,and ciliated epithelial cells of trachea,bronchus and duodenum.However,the distributed site of pMGA receptor in liver,heart and kidney couldn't be defined still.
4.Specific Combination of pMGA with Membrane Proteins in Chick Embryo Tissues
Membrane proteins was abstracted with differential centrifugation,and doted on nitrocellulose filter.As target proteins,purified pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣwere connected with membrane proteins and antibodies of MG from rabbits,and MG antibodies were combinated with IgG marked with HRP.SDS-PAGE was also applied to identify receptor proteins.The results showed that the membrane proteins with molecular weights 36.5kD and/or 27.2kD,specifically binding with pMGA1.2 and pMGAⅣ,might be receptor proteins of pMGA1.2,but pMGAⅣwas a peptide connecting receptor proteins and pMGA1.2.
引文
1.蔡宝详.家畜传染病.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000,242-245
2.Saif.禽病学.第11版.(苏敬良和高福).北京:中国农业出版社,2005,818-846
3.毕丁仁,冀铴霖.鸡源霉形体的分离和鉴定.畜牧兽医学报(增刊),1988,1:146-148
4.毕丁仁,屈小玲,李自力,赵雅心,戴大章.鸡毒霉形体人工感染肉用仔鸡后呼吸系统的病理形态学观察.中国兽医科技,1999,29.7-10
5.毕丁仁,王桂枝.动物霉形体及研究方法.北京:中国农业出版社,1998:1-50
6.毕丁仁,吴锦.用血细胞吸附抑制试验快速鉴定鸡毒霉形体.中国兽医科技,1990,1:29-30
7.毕丁仁,许青荣,王桂枝.鸡毒霉形体HS株的病原性研究.中国畜禽传染病,1997,5:24-26
8.毕丁仁.霉形体病鸡群带菌持续时间.中国兽医杂志,1986,12:30
9.陈卫,葛佳佳,张灏,丁霄霖.半乳糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌中过量表达及IPTG 诱导条件的确定.无锡轻工大学学报,2002,21:492-495
10.邓其跃,李淑蓉,蔡文琴,苏炳银.不同组织膜蛋白及二甲基亚砜对小脑颗粒细胞突起生长的影响.第三军医大学学报,2006,28:189-191
11.邓显文,谢芝勋,刘加波,唐小飞,庞耀珊,廖敏,谢志勤.PCR和多重PCR技术对人工感染鸡毒支原体SPF鸡样品的检测.广西农业科学,2005,36:48-50
12.邓显文,谢芝勋,刘加波.广西鸡毒霉形体血清学调查.广西畜牧兽医,1990,13:22-24
13.丁建民.鸡毒支原体免疫研究进展.辽宁畜牧兽医,2004,6:44-45
14.傅先强.控制鸡霉形体病的新思路.中国家禽,2000,22.5-6
15.高以明,李建,朱秉权.用PCR对鸡毒支原体感染的检测.动物医学进展,2003,24-84-85
16.郭爱珍,陆承平,病毒的细胞膜受体.中国病毒学,1997,12:295-301
17.郭建华,陈明勇,陈德威.应用PPA-ELISA检测鸡毒支原体血清抗体.畜牧兽医杂志,1998,17:5-6
18.郝永清,齐冬梅,王秀清.鸡毒支原体分子生物学的研究进展及应用展望.中国兽医科技,2003,33:38-41
19.郝永清,王秀青,周艳君,童光志,高金亮,赵振华,乌尼.鸡毒霉形体TM21基因原核表达载体的构建及表达.中国兽医科技,2004,34:18-20
20.贺荣莲,黄峻.鸡霉形体的分离鉴定.中国兽医杂志,1996,22:9-11
21.胡红雨,鲁子贤.二级结构形成:蛋白质折叠起始过程的框架模型.生物化学与生物物理进展,1994,21:508-512
22.胡思顺.禽流感病毒H9N2亚型和鸡毒霉形体HS株主要抗原性基因的克隆与表达研究.[博士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2004
23.冀锡霖,宁宜宝.鸡感染鸡毒霉形体和滑液霉形体情况的调查.中国兽医科技,1986,12:21-23
24.焦奎,张书圣.酶联免疫分析技术及应用.化学工业出版社,2004,89
25.靳利霞,唐焕文.蛋白质结构预测方法简述.自然杂志,2001,23:217-221
26.康白.微生物.大连:大连出版社,1988,60-85
27.黎济申.鸡毒支原体病的免疫与防治技术.上海畜牧兽医通讯,2006,3:54-55
28.李峰,吴信明.鸡毒支原体(MG)抗体血清学检测方法的比较.中国禽业导刊,2005,22:31-32
29.李良维,刘海波,胡思怡,梁顿,程联胜,刘兢.富含二硫键的膜蛋白p185胞外区在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达和性质鉴定.生物工程学报,2005,21:590-596
30.李跃庭.鸡败血性支原体分离与鉴定方法介绍.中国兽医杂志,1982,5:36-38
31.李振奇,马印图,王更银,王全立.血小板膜抗原的提取及其免疫原性研究.华北国防医药,2006,18:11-13
32.李自力,毕丁仁.禽源霉形体细胞蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳分析.中国兽医科技,1998,28:27-29
33.廖新丽,林东海.用异核多维NMR技术研究蛋白质动力学.波谱学杂志,2004,21:385-396
34.林曦.家畜病理学.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000,262-263
35.刘洪波,范学工,李宁,黄建军,朱才.可溶性GST-rhTRAIL55-281最佳表达条件及凋亡活性研究.生命科学研究,2005,9:267-271
36.刘军,李明.进口种雏鸡败血霉形体的分离和鉴定.新疆农业科学,1993,4:175-177
37.刘向辉,卢文菊,都昌胡,徐军.表达屋尖瞒Ⅰ类变应原Derp1的基因工程菌的发酵条件探讨.广州医学院学报,2002,30:46-48
38.刘晓文,丁铲,于圣青,徐步,苏秀文,莫惠.SPF鸡人工感染鸡败血霉形体后呼吸系统的病理变化.中国家禽,2001,23:13-14
39.马歇克.蛋白质纯化与鉴定实验指南.(朱厚础).北京:科学出版社,1999,168
40.苗得园,陈德威,张培君,王栋,龚玉梅,陈小玲.鸡毒支原体株间结构蛋白及其抗原性变异的比较研究.畜牧兽医学报,2000,31:255-261
41.倪灿荣,王江.微波快速免疫荧光组化染色方法的研究.中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志,1993,2:166
42.倪灿荣.免疫组织化学实验新技术及应用.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1993,235-249
43.宁宜宝.鸡毒霉形体弱毒疫苗的研究-鸡毒霉形体弱毒F株免疫效力测定.中国兽医科技,1993,23:5-7
44.牛建强,王正党,叶志远.鸡源霉形体的分离和鉴定.中国兽医科技,2002,32:23-24
45.潘宪明.结构生物学-21世纪生命科学的重要前沿.中国科学基金,1998,3-5
46.任家琰,霍乃蕊,郭建华.用PCR-RFLP分析鉴定鸡毒支原体.畜牧兽医学报,1999,30:370-374
47.任家琰,霍乃蕊,郭建华.用PCR和探针杂交法检测鸡败血霉形体.中国兽医学报,2000,20:157-159
48.萨姆布鲁克,拉塞尔.分子克隆实验指南.第三版.(黄培堂).北京:科学出版社,2002,1716
49.邵深,胡冬华,孙海珠,颜力楷,苏忠民,王荣顺,朱文圣,郭建华,史宁中,孙晖,李泽生,孙家锤.SARS冠状病毒E蛋白的结构研究及功能预测.2005,26:1512-1516
50.沈青春,毕丁仁,翁长江,李自力,石德时,许青荣,程峰.鸡毒霉形体HS株pMGA多基因族序列分析.中国兽医学报,2003,23:243-246
51.隋广超,胡美浩.影响大肠杆菌中外源基因表达的因素.生物化学与生物物理进展.1994,21:128-132
52.万涛,孙涛,吴加金.蛋白顺序性抗原决定簇的多参数综合预测.中国免疫学杂志,1997,6:329-333
53.王玫,王柳,于力.用核酸探针诊断鸡毒霉形体和滑液霉形体感染.中国兽医科技,1996,26:19-20
54.王学,周莹,田波.人免疫缺陷病毒的受体与辅助受体.中国病毒学,1999,14:7-10
55.闻人楚,陈培龙,刘晨.二株鸡毒霉形体菌株的分离与鉴定.上海农业学报,1994,10:6-9
56.闻人楚,陈培龙,赵建华,钱永清.鸡败血霉形体致鸡胚气管器官培养病变观察.中国兽医学报,2000,20:38-41
57.翁长江,毕丁仁,沈青春,李自力,石德时,许青荣,刘梅,程峰.鸡毒霉形体HS株pMGA多基因族的研究.中国兽医学报,2003,23:149-152
58.吴惠明,吴聪明,沈建忠,宁宜宝.鸡毒支原体红霉素和替米考星耐药体外诱导体外诱导及其23SrRNA基因V域突变特征分析.中国兽医杂志,2006,42:12-14
59.吴清民.兽医传染病学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002,282-286
60.吴纬,陈静娴,宋宁,焦丽华.几种因素对重组大肠杆菌目标蛋白表达的影响.四川大学学报(自然科学版),2002,4:149-151
61.肖静,岳朋,潘振伟,王宁,张勇,于海燕,林道红,杨宝峰.优化心肌膜蛋白提取方法及心肌缺血时间隙连接蛋白43的表达变化.哈尔滨医科大学学报,2005,39:474-478
62.肖明.生物信息学及其在病毒研究中的应用.上海师范大学学报,2003,32.96-102
63.谢红兰,高鸿奕,陈建文,陆培祥,徐至展.超快X射线衍射.物理学进展,2001,21:402-422
64.谢芝勋,邓显文,庞耀珊,廖敏,刘加波,唐小飞,何竞铭.用SDS-PAGE分析鸡毒霉形体广西分离株的结构蛋白.中国兽医科技,2003,33:41-43
65.谢志勤,谢芝勋,邓显文,庞耀珊,廖敏,刘加波,唐小飞,何竞铭.用RAPD 技术分析鸡毒霉形体广西分离株的DNA多态性.中国兽医科技,2003,33:26-29
66.许屏.荧光和免疫荧光染色技术及应用.第二版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,35-40
67.杨婉华,汪蕊,陈睿,马湘一,王世宣,卢运萍,马丁.可溶性VEGF受体-3原核表达载体的构建与蛋白表达.中国现代医学杂志,2005,15:3547-3550
68.叶姣,陈长华,夏杰.温度对重组大肠杆菌生长及外源蛋白表达的影响.华东理工大学学报,2002,28:64-367.
69.于圣青,丁铲.应用PAPD方法对鸡毒支原体DNA多态的研究.中国兽医学报,1999,19:261-263
70.于圣青,刘晓文,徐步,丁铲.用SDS-PAGE进行鸡败血霉形体结构蛋白分析.畜牧兽医学报,2001,32:249-252
71.张道永,王文贵,林毅,王泽洲,李力,杨晓梅,冯金传.四川地区鸡慢性呼吸道病的研究.四川畜牧兽医,1996,1:4-6
72.张俊彦.v-Srs蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、纯化及其活性分析.中国药学杂志,2005,12:943-946
73.张伟,王柳,童光志,洪秀聪,王玫,于力,张绍杰,陈乃昌,刘保全.鸡败血支原体和滑液支原体DNA文库的构建及其探针的制备.农业生物技术学报,1993,1:57-61
74.赵思婷,王贵华,张瑞华,金梅林,陈焕春.鸭源H9N2亚型流感病毒NS基因的克隆及表达.中国兽医科技,2004,34:23-26
75.周建讯,汪尔康.Flow Injection Analysis of Myoglobin and Hemoglobin at Toluidine Blue Chemically Modified Electrode.Chinese Science Bulletin,1991,26:1406-1407
76.朱红裕,李强.外源蛋白在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达策略.过程工程学报,2006,6:150-155
77.朱翔,龚唯,张惠琴,陆惠民,黄伟达.弓形虫SAG1可溶性融合蛋白在大肠及埃希菌中的表达及纯化.中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2005,18:361-364
78.左左木五.支原体病.(项大实,李建时).北京:农业出版社,1981,50-92
79.Adler H E,Bryant B J,Cordy D R,Shifrine M,DaMassa A J.Immunity and mortality in chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum:influence of the bursa of Fabricius.J Infect Dis,1973,127:Suppl:S61-66
80. Ahmed Z, Dentr G, Suggate E L. Disinhibition of neurotrophin-induced dorsal root ganglion cell neurite outgrowth on CNSmyelin by siRNA2mediated knockdown of NgR, p75~(NTR) and Rho-A. Mol Cell Neurosci, 2005, 28: 509-523
81. Anfinsen C B, Haber E, Sela M, White F H. The kinetics of formation of native ribonuc lease during oxidation of the reduced polypeptide chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1961,15: 1309-1314
82. Athamana A, Rosengarten R, Levisohn S. Adherence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum involves variable surface membrane proteins. Infect Immun, 1997, 65: 2468-2471
83. Athamma A, R Rosengarten ,S levisonhn. Adherene of mycoplasma gallisepticum involers variable surface membrane protein, infect immune, 1994, 61: 462-468
84. Avakian A P, Kleven S H, Ley D H. Comparison of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains and identification of integral membrane proteins with Triton X-114 by immunblotling. Vet Microbiol, 1991, 29: 319-328
85. Avakian A P, Leg D H, Mebride M A. Humoral immune response of turkey to strain S6 and variant studied by immunobloting. Avian Dis, 1992, 236: 69-77
86. Avakian A P, Leg D H. Inhibition of mycoplasma gallisepticum growth and attachment to chicken tranched rings by antibodies to 64 kilodaton membrane protein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Sci, 1990,11: 256-258
87. Banai M, Kahane I, Razini S, Bredt W. Adherence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to Human Erythrocytes. Infection Immunity, 1978,21: 365-372
88. Baranowski E, Ruiz-Jarabo C M, Domingo E. Evolution of cell recognition by viruses. Science. 2001,292: 1102-1105.
89. Barbour E K, Newman J A, Sasipreeyajan J, Caputa A C, Muneer M A. Identification of the antigenic components of the virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum (R) in chickens: their role in differentiation from the vaccine strain (F). Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1989, 21:197-206.
90. Baribaud F, Shaw A V, Scarpellino L, Diggelmann H, Acha-Orbea H. Preferential binding of mouse mammary tumor virus to B lymphocytes. J Virol, 1999,73:7899-7902
91. Baseggio N M, Glew P, Markhan F. Size and genomic location of Pmga multigene family of mycoplasma gallisepticum. microbiology jan, 1996,142: 1429-1435
92. Baseman J B, Cole R M, Krause D C, Leith D K. Molecular basis for cytadsorption of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Journal of Bacteriology, 1982, 151:1514-1522.
93. Bearson Shawn M D, Collier S D. Bearson Bradley L Induction of a mycoplasma gallisepticum pMGA gene in the chicken tracheal ring organ culture model. Avian diseases, 2003,47:745-749
94. Bearzotti M, Bernard D, Annie L, Anne-Marie L. Fish rhabdovirus cell entry is mediated by fibronectin, J. Virology, 1999,73: 7703-7709
95. Bencina D, Mrzel I, RoJs 0 Z, Bidovec A, Dovc A. Characterisation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains involved in respiratory disease in pheasants and peafowl. Vet Rec. 2003, 152: 230-234
96. Bencina D. Haemagglutinins of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas. Avian Pathol, 2002 , 31:535-547.
97. Benton W J, Cover M S, Melchior F W. Mycoplasma gallisepticum in a commercial laryngotracheitis vaccine. Avian Dis, 1967,11: 426-429
98. Bergelson J M, Chan M, Solomon K R, St John N F, Lin H, Finberg R W. Decay-accelerating factor (CD55), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored complement regulatory protein, is a receptor for several echoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1994, 91:6245-6248.
99. Bergelson J M, Cunningham J A, Droguett G, Kurt-Jones E A, Krithivas A, Hong J S, Horwitz M S, Crowell R L, Finberg R W. Isolation of a common receptor for Coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses 2 and 5. Science. 1997,275:1320-1323
100.Bergelson J M, Finberg R W. Integrins as receptors for virus attachment and cell entry. Trends Microbiol, 1993,1: 287-288.
101. Bergelson J M, Shepley M P, Chan B M, Hemler M E, Finberg R W. Identification of the integrin VLA-2 as a receptor for echovirus 1. Science, 1992, 255:1718-1720
102.Berger A R, Schaumburg H H, Gourevitch M N, Freeman K, Herskovitz S, Arezzo J C. Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in injection drug users. Neurology, 1999, 53:592-597
103.Biro J, Erdei N, Szekely I, Stipkovits L. Differentiation of mycoplasma gallisepticum strains using molecular methods. Acta Vet Hung, 2006, 54: 437-448.
104.Bradley L D, Snyder D B, Van D R. Identification of species specific and interspecies specific polypeptides of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Am J Vet Res, 1988,49: 511-515
105.Calnek W, John Barnes H. Disease of poultry. 10th ed. Ames: Iowa state university press, 1997,235-296.
106.Carter P, Kelley R F, Rodrigues M L, Snedecor B, Covarrubias M, Velligan M D, Wong W L, Rowland A M, Kotts C E, Carver M E. High level Escherichia coli expression and production of a bivalent humanized antibody fragment. Biotechnology, 1992, 10:163-167.
107.Cattoretti G, Becker M H, key G. Monoelonal antibodies against recombinant parts of the ki-67antigen(MIB 1 and MIB3)detect proliferating cells in microwaveproeessed formalin fixed paraffin sections. J Pathol, 1992,168: 357.
108.Clyde W A, Hu P C. Antigenic determinants of the attachment protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae shared by other pathogenic Mycoplasma species. Infect Immun, 1986,51:690-692
109.Czifra C T, Sundquist B G, Stipkovits L. Monoclonal antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins. Avian Dis, 1993, 37: 689-696
110.Delaplane J R, Stuart H O. The propagation of a virus in embryonated chicken eggs causing achronic respiratory disease of chickens.Vet Res, 1943,4:325-332
111.Dickinson E M, Hinshaw W R. Treatment of infections sinusitis of tarkeys with argyrols and silver nitrate. J Am Vet med Assoc, 1938,93: 151-156
112.Dodd S. Epizooticpneumo-enteritis of the turkey, comp pathol Ther, 1905, 18: 239-245
113.Dohms J. Identification of the putative cytadhesin gene of Mycoptasma gallisepticum and its use as a DNA probe. Avian Dis, 1993, 37: 380-388
114.Donovan R S, ROBINSON C W, GLICK B R. Optimizing the expression of a monoclonal antibody fragment under the transcriptional control of the escherichia coli lac promoter. Can J Microbiol, 2000,46: 532-541
115.Donovan R S, Robinson C W, Glick B R. Review: Optimizing Inducer and Culture Conditions for Expression of Foreign Protein under the Control of the Lac Promoter. J Ind Microbiol, 1996, 16:145-154
116.Edward D G, Freundt E A. The classification and nomenclature of organisms of the pleuropneumonia group. J Gen Microbiol, 1956,14:197-207
117.Edward D G, Kanarek A D. Organisms of the pleuropneumonia group of avian origin: their classification into species. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1960, 15: 696-702
118.Fabricant J, Levine P P. Experimental production of complication chronic repiratory disease infection ( "airsac" disease). Avian Dis, 1962, 6:13-27
119.Fabricant J, Levine P P. In yong chickens for the prevention of egg tansmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum in breeders. paris:procl7th world vet congr, 1995, 10: 1469-1474
120.Forsyth M H, Tourtellotte M E, Geary S J. Localization of an immunodominant 64kDa lipoprotein (LP64) in the membrance of Mycoplasma galliseptium and its role in cytadherence. Mol Microbiol, 1992,6: 2099-2106
121.Frank-Kamenetskii M D. Triplex DNA structure. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995, 64: 65-95
122.Glew M D, Baseggio N, Markham P F, Browning G F, Walker I D. Expression of the pMGA Genes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is controlled by variation in the GAA trinucleotide repeat lengths within the 5' noncoding regions. Infect Immu, 1998, 66: 5833-5841
123.Gastka M, Horvath J, Lentz TL. Rabies virus binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit demonstrated by virus overlay protein binding assay [J]. J Gen Virol, 1996,77:2437
124.Gibbs P S, Kleven S H, Jackwood M W. Analysis and characteiczation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from Pennsylvania. Avain Dis, 1993, 38 :475-482
125.Glew M D, Markham P F, Browning G F, Walker I D. Expression study on four members of the pMGA multigene family in Mycoplusma gallisepticum S6. Microbio, 1995, 141: 3005-3014
126. Glisson J R, Kleven S H. Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: Effects on egg transmission and egg production . Avian Dis, 1984,28:406-415
127.Goh M S, Gorton T S, Forsyth M H, Troy K E, Geary S J. Molecular and biochemical analysis of a 105 kDa Mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin (GapA). M icrobio, 1998, 11:2971-2978
128.Gross W B. The development of "air sac disease" . Avian Dis, 1961,5:431-439
129.Hanvey J C, Klysik J , Wells R D. Influence of DNA sequence on the formation of non-B right-handed helices in oligopurine. oligopyrimidine inserts in plasmids. J B iri Chem, 1998,263: 7386-7396
130.Harouse J M, Bhat S, Spitalnik S L, Laughlin M, Stefano K, Silberberg D H, Gonzalez-Scarano F. Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide. Science. 1991,253:320-323
131.Haywood A M. Virus Receptors: binding adhesion strengthening, and changes in viral structure. J Virol, 1994, 68: 1-5
132.Hefferon K L, Oomens A G, Monsma S A, Finnerty C M, Blissard G W. Host cell receptor binding by baculovirus GP64 and kinetics of virion entry. Virol, 1999, 258: 455-468
133.Hess C M, Wang Z, Edwards SV. Evolutionary genetics of Carpodacus mexicanus, a recently colonized host of a bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum[J]. Genetica, 2007, 129(2): 217-225
134.Hu P C, Collier A M, Baseman J B. Surface parasitism by Mycoplasma pneumoniae of respiratory spithelium. J Exp Med, 1977, 145: 1328-1343
135.Huang Y, Paxton W A, Wolinsky S M, Neumann A U, Zhang L, He T, Kang S, Ceradini D, Jin Z, Yazdanbakhsh K, Kunstman K, Erickson D, Dragon E, Landau N R, Phair J, Ho D D, Koup R A. The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression.Nature Medicine. 1996, 2:1240-1243
136.Hunter T. The phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine: its role in cell growth and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 1998, 353: 583-605.
137.Inamine J M, Ho K C, Loechel S, Hu P C. Evidence that UGA is read as a tryptophan codon rather than as a stop codon by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J Bacteriol, 1990,172:504-506
138.Jan G, Le Henaff M, Fontenelle C.Wroblewski H. Biochemical and antigenic characterisation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins P52 and P67 (pMGA). Arch Microbiol, 2001, 177: 81-90
139.Jenkins C, Geary S J, Gladd M, Djordjevic S P. The Mycoplasma gallisepticum OsmC-like protein MG1142 resides on the cell surface and binds heparin. Microbiology, 2007, 153: 1455-1463
140.Jindadamrongwech S, Thepparit C, Smith DR. Identification of GRP 78 (BiP) as a liver cell expressed receptor element fordengue virus serotype 2[J]. Arch Virol, 2004,149(5):915
141.Julen R, Wiesmann U N, Koblet H. Chemically induced plasma membrane vesicles as a useful tool for the investigation of virus binding to susceptible cells. J Virol Methods, 1993,42, 147-152
142.Kahane I, Granek J, Reisch-Saada A. The adhesins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. pneumoniae. Ann microbial(Paris), 1984, 135: 25-32
143.Kao S M, Miller E D , Su L. A leucine zipper motif in the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 is required for HIV21 replication and pathogenesis in vivo. Virology , 2001 , 289:208-217
144.Karger A, Mettenleiter T C. Identification of cell surface molecules that interact with pseudorabies virus[J]. J Virol, 1996,70(4):2138
145.Kempf I, Gesbent F, Guittet M, Bennejean G, Cooper A C. Efficency of danofloxacin in the therapy of experimental mycoplasmosis in chicks. Res vet sci, 1992, 53: 257-259
146.Kersten B, AgrawalG K, IwahashiH, Rakwal R. Plantphosph proteomics: a long road ahead. Proteomics, 2006, 6:5517-5528.
147.Khan M I, Yamamoto R. Differentiation of the vaccine F-strain from other strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by restriction endonuclease analysis. Vet Microbiol, 1989, 19: 167-174
148.Kheyar A, Redely S K, Silim A. The 64Kda lipoprotein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum has two distinct epitopes responsible for haemagglution and graoth inhibition. Avian Pathology, 1995,24: 55-68
149.Kilgore N R , Salzwedel K M, Reddick , Allaway G P , Wild C T. Direct evidence that C-peptide inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry bind to the gp41 N-helical domain in receptor activated viral envelope. J Virol , 2003 , 77: 7669-7672
150.Kim J T, Kim E M, Lee K H , Choi J E, Jhun B H, KimJ W. Leucine zipper domain of HFV-1 gp41 interacted specifically with alpha-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2002,291: 1239-1244
151.Kolaskar A S, Tongaonkar P C. A semi-empirical method for prediction of antigenic determinants on protein antigens. FEBS Lett, 1990, 276:172-174
152.Krause D C. Leith D K, Baseman J B. Reacquisition of specific protein confers virulence in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infection and immunity, 1983, 39: 830-836
153.Krause D C. Leith D K, W ilson R M , et al. Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein associated with henadsorption and virulence .Infection and Immunity, 1982, 35 : 809-817
154.Krupa A, Preethi G, Srinivasan N. Structuralmodes of stabili-zation of permissive phosphorylation sites in protein kinases:distinct strategies in Ser/Thr andTyrkinases. J Mol Biol, 2004, 339:1025-1039.
155.Kuniyasu C, Yoshida Y, Takano M. Spiramycin and tylosin-resistant strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from breeding chickens and pipped eggs. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo), 1974,14:48-53.
156.Lee W C, Fuller A O. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and pseudorabies virus bind to a common saturable receptor on Vero cells that is not heparan sulfate. J Virol, 1993, 67:5088-5097.
157.Ley D H, McLaren J M, Miles AM, Barnes H J, Miller S H, Franz G. Transmissibility of live Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85 from vaccinated layer pullets to sentinel poultry. Avian Dis, 1997,41:187-194
158.Li Liu, Payne D M, Vick L, Van S, Kevin D, Victor S P. A Protein (M9)Associated with Monoclonal antibody-mediated agglutination of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a member of the pMGA family. Infect Immu, 1998, 5570-5575
159.Lin M Y, Kleven S H. Egg transmission of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. Avian Dis, 1982, 26: 487-495
160.Litchfield D W, Luscher B. Casein kinase II in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Mol Cell Biochem. 1993,127-128: 187-99
161.Liu L, Dybvig K, Panangala V S, van Santen V L, French C T. GAA trinucleotide repeat region regulates M9/pMGA gene expression in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immun. 2000, 68: 871-876.
162.Liu L, Victor S P, Kevin D. Trinucleotide GAA repeats dictate pmga gene expression in Mycoplasma gallisepticum by affecting spacing between flanking regions. J Bacterio, 2002, 184: 1335-1339
163.Maddon P J, Dalgleish A G, McDougal J S, Clapham P R, Weiss R A, Axel R. The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell, 1986,47:333-48.
164.Majumder A, Basak S, Raha T, et al. Effetect of osmolytes and chaperone-like action of P-protein on folding of nuclecapsid protein of Chandipura virus. J Bio Chem, 2001, 276: 30-35
165.Mardassi B, Ben Abdel moumen, Mohamed R B, Gueriri I. Duplex PCR to differentiate between Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum on the basis of conserved species-specific sequences of their hemagglutinin genes. Journal of clinical microbiology, 2005,43: 948-958
166.Markham F S ,Wong S C. Pleuropneumonnia-like organism in the etiology of turkey sinusitis and chyonic respiratory disease of chickens. J.Poult Sci, 1952, 31: 902-904
167.Markham P F, Brandon M R. Characterization of a major haemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immun, 1992, 60: 3885-3891
168.Markham P F, Glew M D, Brandon M R. Characterization of a major hemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infection Immunity. 1991,60:3885-3891
169.Markham P F, Glew M D, Browning G F, Whithear K G ,Walker I D. Expression of two members of the pMGA gene family of Mycoplasma gallisepticum oscillates and influenced by pMGA-specific antibodies. Infect Immu, 1998, 66: 2845-2853
170.Markham P F, Glew M D, Whithear K G ,Walker I D. Molecular Clone of a member of the gene family that encodes pMGA, a hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immu, 1993,61: 903-909
171.Marois C, Dufour-Gesbert F, Kempf I. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in environmental samples. Avian Path, 2002,31: 163-168
172. Marra M A, Jones S J M, Astell C R. The Genome Sequence of the SARS Assoeiated Coronavirus. Seienee, 2003, 300: 1399-1404
173. Marsh M, Pelchen-Matthews A. Endocytosis in viral replication. Traffic, 2000,1:525-532
174. Michael M, Gerber S, Fetzer J, Folkers G. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and subsequent expression of the corresponding recombinant proteins without changing the bacterial vector system. Pharm Acta Helv, 1997,72:139-143
175.Microbiology &Molecular Review , 1998,62: 1094-1156
176.Milosevic B T, Bencina D, Dovc P. Sequence polymorphisms within the pMGA genes and pMGA antigenic variants in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2000, 184:133-139
177.Minion F C. Molecular pathogenesis of mycoplasma animal respiratory pathogens. Front Biosic, 2002,7: 1410-1422
178.Much P F, Winner L, Stipkovits R, Roengarten, C Citti. Mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of cell invasiveness on the outcome of experimental infection in chickens. FEMS Immunol. Med.Microbiol, 2002, 34: 181-186
179.Mudahi-Orenstein S, Levisohn S, Geary SJ, Yogev D. Cytoadherence-Deficient Mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum generated by transposon Mutagenesis. infect immune, 2003, 71: 3812-3820
180.Nelson J B. Studies on an uncomplicated coryza of the domestic foul. The relation of the Bacillary coryza to that produced by exudates. J Exp Med, 1933, 58: 297-304
181.Nieper H, Muller H , Rapid preparation of plasma membrane from avian hoid cells and fibroblasts for virus binding studies. J Virol Methods, 1998,72:153-162.
182.Nocard E, Roux E R. Le microbe de la peripneumonia.[J] Ann Inst Pasteur paris, 1898,12: 240-262
183.Norton A J, Jordan S, Yemomans P. Brief, high temperatureheat denaturation (pressure cooking) : asimple and effective method of antigen retrieval for routinely processed tissue. J Pathol, 1994, 173: 371
184.Ose E E, Wellenreiter R H. Effect of feeding tylosin to layers exposed to mycoplasma gallisepticum. Poultry sci, 1996,58: 42-49
185.Papazisi L, Troy K E, Gorton T S, Liao X, Geary S J. Analysis of cytadherence-deficient, GapA-negative Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R. Infect Immu, 2000, 68: 6643-6649
186.Papazisi Leka, Gorton Timothy S, Kutish Gerald. The complete genome sequence of theavian athogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R(low). icrobiology, 2003, t9, 2307-2316
187.Papps M C, ajkowski R, Hockmeyer W T. Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA): a micro technique for rapid diagnosis of Visceral leishmaniasis. Immunol Methods, 1983, 64: 205-214
188.Pennycott T W, Dare C M, Yavari C A, Bradbury J M. Mycoplasma sturni and Mycoplasma gallisepticum in wild birds in Scotland. The Veterinary Record. 2005, 156:513-515.
189.Rapp V, RoberJ, Munson S J, Richard F R. Outer membrane protein profiles of haemophilus pleuropneurmoniae. Infection and immunity, 1986, 52: 414-420
190.Razin S, Jacobs E. Mycoplasma adhesion. J Gen Microbiol, 1992, 138: 407-422
191.Razin S, Yogev D, Naot Y. Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas J . Microbiology &Molecular Review , 1998,62: 1094-1156
192.Razin S. Mycolasma taxonomy studied by electrophoresis of cell proteins. J Bacteriol, 1996,96: 687-694
193.Roelvink P W, Lizonova A, Lee J G, Li Y, Bergelson J M, Finberg R W, Brough D E, Kovesdi I, Wickham T J. The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor protein can function as a cellular attachment protein for adenovirus serotypes from subgroups A, C, D, E, and F. J Virol, 1998, 72:7909-7915
194.Rota P A, Oberste S, Monroe S S.Charaeterization of a Novel Coronavirus Assoeiated with Severe Aeute ResPiratory Syndrome. Seienee, 2003, 300(5624): 1394-1399
195.Saito. Cloning and DNA sequence of a 29 kilodalton polypeptide gene of mycoplasma gallisepticum as possible preventive antigen, vaccine, 1993, 11: 1061-1066
196.Salas-Benito J S, Angel R M D., Identification of two proteins from C6136 cell that bind dengue type4 virus. J. Virol, 1997,71 (10): 7246-7252.
197.Samson M, Libert F, Doranz B J, Rucker J, Liesnard C, Farber C M, Saragosti S, Lapoumeroulie C, Cognaux J, Forceille C, Muyldermans G, Verhofstede C, Burtonboy G, Georges M, Imai T, Rana S, Yi Y, Smyth RJ, Collman RG, Doms RW, Vassart G. Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutantalleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature, 1996, 382:722-725
198.Sankaran D, Lau LC, Ng ML .Interaction of kunjin virus with octyl-D-glucoside extracted Vero cell plasma membrane. J Virol Methods, 1997. 63:167-173
199.Sasipreeyajan J, Halvorson D A, Newman J A. Effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin on egg-transmission and egg production. Avian Dis, 1987, 31:776-781.
200.Schein C H, Boix E, Haugg M, Holliger K P, Hemmi S, Frank G, Schwalbe H. Secretion of mammalian ribonucleases from escherichia-coli using the signal sequence of murine spleen ribonuclease. Biochem J, 1992,283: 137-144.
201.Schneider-Schaulies J .Cellular receptors for viruses: links to tropism and pathogenesis. J Gen Virol, 2000, 81: 1413-1429.
202.Scott R. E. Plasma membrane vesiculation—a new technique for isolation of plasma membranes. Science, 1976,194: 743-745.
203.Shi S R, Key M E, Kalra K L. Antigen retrieval informalin-fixed paraffin-mbedded tissues: an enhaneemen method for immunohistoehemical staining based on mierowave oven heating of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem, 1991, 39: 741.
204.Shimojima M, Miyazawa T, Ikeda Y, McMonagle E L, Haining H, Akashi H, Takeuchi Y, Hosie M J, Willett B J. Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus. Science, 2004, 303: 1192-1195
205.Shmuel R, Yogev D. Molecular Biology andPathogenicity of Mycoplasmas. J
206.Soeripto, Whithear K G, Cottew G S, Harrigan K E. Virulence and transmissibility of mycoplasma gallisepticum. Aust Vet J, 1989, 66: 65-72
207.Tajima M, Yagihashi T, Miki Y. Capsular material of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and its possible relevance to the pathogenic process. Infect and Immu, 1982, 36: 830-833
208.Thepparit C, Smith DR. Serotype- specific entry of dengue virus into liver cells: identification of the 37 - kilodalton /67 - kilodalton high- affinity laminin receptor as a dengue virus serotype lreceptor[J]. J Virol, 2004,78(22): 126-47
209.Thomas C B, Sharp P. Detection of antigenic variation among strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay (ELISIA) and Western blot analysis. Avian Dis, 1988, 32: 748-756
210.Toth T E. Duck virus hepatitis. In. Hitchner S B,Domermuth C H,Purchase H Qetal. Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. New York US:Creative Printing Company, Inc, 1975:192-196.
211.Transcott R B, Ferguson A E , Ruhnke H L. An infection in chickens with a strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence, comp Med ,1974, 38:341-343
212.Urner K S T. Evaluation of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain exhibiting reduced virulence for prevention and control of poultry mycoplasma. Avi Dis, 1998, 42: 404-407
213.von Mering C, Krause R, Sne B. Comparative assessment of large-scaledatasets of protein - protein interactions. Nature, 2002,417: 399-403
214.Winner F, Rosengarten R, Citti C. In vitro cell invasion of mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infection immunity, 2000, 68: 4238-4244
215.Winter G, Milstein C. Man-made antibodies . Nature, 1991, 349: 293-299
216.Yoder H W Jr, Hopkins S R, Mitchell B W. Evaluation of inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. Avian Dis, 1984, 28: 224-34.
217.Yoder H W, M S Hofstad. Characterization of avian mycoplasma. avian dis, 1964, 8:481-512
218.Yoder H W. Historical account of the diagnosis and characterization of strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. Avian Dis, 1986, 30:510-518
219.Zhou J X, Wang E K. Flow injection analysis of myoglobin and hemoglobin at toluidine blue chemically modified electrode. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1991,16: 131-135
2.Saif.禽病学.第11版.(苏敬良和高福).北京:中国农业出版社,2005,818-846
3.毕丁仁,冀铴霖.鸡源霉形体的分离和鉴定.畜牧兽医学报(增刊),1988,1:146-148
4.毕丁仁,屈小玲,李自力,赵雅心,戴大章.鸡毒霉形体人工感染肉用仔鸡后呼吸系统的病理形态学观察.中国兽医科技,1999,29.7-10
5.毕丁仁,王桂枝.动物霉形体及研究方法.北京:中国农业出版社,1998:1-50
6.毕丁仁,吴锦.用血细胞吸附抑制试验快速鉴定鸡毒霉形体.中国兽医科技,1990,1:29-30
7.毕丁仁,许青荣,王桂枝.鸡毒霉形体HS株的病原性研究.中国畜禽传染病,1997,5:24-26
8.毕丁仁.霉形体病鸡群带菌持续时间.中国兽医杂志,1986,12:30
9.陈卫,葛佳佳,张灏,丁霄霖.半乳糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌中过量表达及IPTG 诱导条件的确定.无锡轻工大学学报,2002,21:492-495
10.邓其跃,李淑蓉,蔡文琴,苏炳银.不同组织膜蛋白及二甲基亚砜对小脑颗粒细胞突起生长的影响.第三军医大学学报,2006,28:189-191
11.邓显文,谢芝勋,刘加波,唐小飞,庞耀珊,廖敏,谢志勤.PCR和多重PCR技术对人工感染鸡毒支原体SPF鸡样品的检测.广西农业科学,2005,36:48-50
12.邓显文,谢芝勋,刘加波.广西鸡毒霉形体血清学调查.广西畜牧兽医,1990,13:22-24
13.丁建民.鸡毒支原体免疫研究进展.辽宁畜牧兽医,2004,6:44-45
14.傅先强.控制鸡霉形体病的新思路.中国家禽,2000,22.5-6
15.高以明,李建,朱秉权.用PCR对鸡毒支原体感染的检测.动物医学进展,2003,24-84-85
16.郭爱珍,陆承平,病毒的细胞膜受体.中国病毒学,1997,12:295-301
17.郭建华,陈明勇,陈德威.应用PPA-ELISA检测鸡毒支原体血清抗体.畜牧兽医杂志,1998,17:5-6
18.郝永清,齐冬梅,王秀清.鸡毒支原体分子生物学的研究进展及应用展望.中国兽医科技,2003,33:38-41
19.郝永清,王秀青,周艳君,童光志,高金亮,赵振华,乌尼.鸡毒霉形体TM21基因原核表达载体的构建及表达.中国兽医科技,2004,34:18-20
20.贺荣莲,黄峻.鸡霉形体的分离鉴定.中国兽医杂志,1996,22:9-11
21.胡红雨,鲁子贤.二级结构形成:蛋白质折叠起始过程的框架模型.生物化学与生物物理进展,1994,21:508-512
22.胡思顺.禽流感病毒H9N2亚型和鸡毒霉形体HS株主要抗原性基因的克隆与表达研究.[博士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2004
23.冀锡霖,宁宜宝.鸡感染鸡毒霉形体和滑液霉形体情况的调查.中国兽医科技,1986,12:21-23
24.焦奎,张书圣.酶联免疫分析技术及应用.化学工业出版社,2004,89
25.靳利霞,唐焕文.蛋白质结构预测方法简述.自然杂志,2001,23:217-221
26.康白.微生物.大连:大连出版社,1988,60-85
27.黎济申.鸡毒支原体病的免疫与防治技术.上海畜牧兽医通讯,2006,3:54-55
28.李峰,吴信明.鸡毒支原体(MG)抗体血清学检测方法的比较.中国禽业导刊,2005,22:31-32
29.李良维,刘海波,胡思怡,梁顿,程联胜,刘兢.富含二硫键的膜蛋白p185胞外区在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达和性质鉴定.生物工程学报,2005,21:590-596
30.李跃庭.鸡败血性支原体分离与鉴定方法介绍.中国兽医杂志,1982,5:36-38
31.李振奇,马印图,王更银,王全立.血小板膜抗原的提取及其免疫原性研究.华北国防医药,2006,18:11-13
32.李自力,毕丁仁.禽源霉形体细胞蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳分析.中国兽医科技,1998,28:27-29
33.廖新丽,林东海.用异核多维NMR技术研究蛋白质动力学.波谱学杂志,2004,21:385-396
34.林曦.家畜病理学.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000,262-263
35.刘洪波,范学工,李宁,黄建军,朱才.可溶性GST-rhTRAIL55-281最佳表达条件及凋亡活性研究.生命科学研究,2005,9:267-271
36.刘军,李明.进口种雏鸡败血霉形体的分离和鉴定.新疆农业科学,1993,4:175-177
37.刘向辉,卢文菊,都昌胡,徐军.表达屋尖瞒Ⅰ类变应原Derp1的基因工程菌的发酵条件探讨.广州医学院学报,2002,30:46-48
38.刘晓文,丁铲,于圣青,徐步,苏秀文,莫惠.SPF鸡人工感染鸡败血霉形体后呼吸系统的病理变化.中国家禽,2001,23:13-14
39.马歇克.蛋白质纯化与鉴定实验指南.(朱厚础).北京:科学出版社,1999,168
40.苗得园,陈德威,张培君,王栋,龚玉梅,陈小玲.鸡毒支原体株间结构蛋白及其抗原性变异的比较研究.畜牧兽医学报,2000,31:255-261
41.倪灿荣,王江.微波快速免疫荧光组化染色方法的研究.中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志,1993,2:166
42.倪灿荣.免疫组织化学实验新技术及应用.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1993,235-249
43.宁宜宝.鸡毒霉形体弱毒疫苗的研究-鸡毒霉形体弱毒F株免疫效力测定.中国兽医科技,1993,23:5-7
44.牛建强,王正党,叶志远.鸡源霉形体的分离和鉴定.中国兽医科技,2002,32:23-24
45.潘宪明.结构生物学-21世纪生命科学的重要前沿.中国科学基金,1998,3-5
46.任家琰,霍乃蕊,郭建华.用PCR-RFLP分析鉴定鸡毒支原体.畜牧兽医学报,1999,30:370-374
47.任家琰,霍乃蕊,郭建华.用PCR和探针杂交法检测鸡败血霉形体.中国兽医学报,2000,20:157-159
48.萨姆布鲁克,拉塞尔.分子克隆实验指南.第三版.(黄培堂).北京:科学出版社,2002,1716
49.邵深,胡冬华,孙海珠,颜力楷,苏忠民,王荣顺,朱文圣,郭建华,史宁中,孙晖,李泽生,孙家锤.SARS冠状病毒E蛋白的结构研究及功能预测.2005,26:1512-1516
50.沈青春,毕丁仁,翁长江,李自力,石德时,许青荣,程峰.鸡毒霉形体HS株pMGA多基因族序列分析.中国兽医学报,2003,23:243-246
51.隋广超,胡美浩.影响大肠杆菌中外源基因表达的因素.生物化学与生物物理进展.1994,21:128-132
52.万涛,孙涛,吴加金.蛋白顺序性抗原决定簇的多参数综合预测.中国免疫学杂志,1997,6:329-333
53.王玫,王柳,于力.用核酸探针诊断鸡毒霉形体和滑液霉形体感染.中国兽医科技,1996,26:19-20
54.王学,周莹,田波.人免疫缺陷病毒的受体与辅助受体.中国病毒学,1999,14:7-10
55.闻人楚,陈培龙,刘晨.二株鸡毒霉形体菌株的分离与鉴定.上海农业学报,1994,10:6-9
56.闻人楚,陈培龙,赵建华,钱永清.鸡败血霉形体致鸡胚气管器官培养病变观察.中国兽医学报,2000,20:38-41
57.翁长江,毕丁仁,沈青春,李自力,石德时,许青荣,刘梅,程峰.鸡毒霉形体HS株pMGA多基因族的研究.中国兽医学报,2003,23:149-152
58.吴惠明,吴聪明,沈建忠,宁宜宝.鸡毒支原体红霉素和替米考星耐药体外诱导体外诱导及其23SrRNA基因V域突变特征分析.中国兽医杂志,2006,42:12-14
59.吴清民.兽医传染病学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002,282-286
60.吴纬,陈静娴,宋宁,焦丽华.几种因素对重组大肠杆菌目标蛋白表达的影响.四川大学学报(自然科学版),2002,4:149-151
61.肖静,岳朋,潘振伟,王宁,张勇,于海燕,林道红,杨宝峰.优化心肌膜蛋白提取方法及心肌缺血时间隙连接蛋白43的表达变化.哈尔滨医科大学学报,2005,39:474-478
62.肖明.生物信息学及其在病毒研究中的应用.上海师范大学学报,2003,32.96-102
63.谢红兰,高鸿奕,陈建文,陆培祥,徐至展.超快X射线衍射.物理学进展,2001,21:402-422
64.谢芝勋,邓显文,庞耀珊,廖敏,刘加波,唐小飞,何竞铭.用SDS-PAGE分析鸡毒霉形体广西分离株的结构蛋白.中国兽医科技,2003,33:41-43
65.谢志勤,谢芝勋,邓显文,庞耀珊,廖敏,刘加波,唐小飞,何竞铭.用RAPD 技术分析鸡毒霉形体广西分离株的DNA多态性.中国兽医科技,2003,33:26-29
66.许屏.荧光和免疫荧光染色技术及应用.第二版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,35-40
67.杨婉华,汪蕊,陈睿,马湘一,王世宣,卢运萍,马丁.可溶性VEGF受体-3原核表达载体的构建与蛋白表达.中国现代医学杂志,2005,15:3547-3550
68.叶姣,陈长华,夏杰.温度对重组大肠杆菌生长及外源蛋白表达的影响.华东理工大学学报,2002,28:64-367.
69.于圣青,丁铲.应用PAPD方法对鸡毒支原体DNA多态的研究.中国兽医学报,1999,19:261-263
70.于圣青,刘晓文,徐步,丁铲.用SDS-PAGE进行鸡败血霉形体结构蛋白分析.畜牧兽医学报,2001,32:249-252
71.张道永,王文贵,林毅,王泽洲,李力,杨晓梅,冯金传.四川地区鸡慢性呼吸道病的研究.四川畜牧兽医,1996,1:4-6
72.张俊彦.v-Srs蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、纯化及其活性分析.中国药学杂志,2005,12:943-946
73.张伟,王柳,童光志,洪秀聪,王玫,于力,张绍杰,陈乃昌,刘保全.鸡败血支原体和滑液支原体DNA文库的构建及其探针的制备.农业生物技术学报,1993,1:57-61
74.赵思婷,王贵华,张瑞华,金梅林,陈焕春.鸭源H9N2亚型流感病毒NS基因的克隆及表达.中国兽医科技,2004,34:23-26
75.周建讯,汪尔康.Flow Injection Analysis of Myoglobin and Hemoglobin at Toluidine Blue Chemically Modified Electrode.Chinese Science Bulletin,1991,26:1406-1407
76.朱红裕,李强.外源蛋白在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达策略.过程工程学报,2006,6:150-155
77.朱翔,龚唯,张惠琴,陆惠民,黄伟达.弓形虫SAG1可溶性融合蛋白在大肠及埃希菌中的表达及纯化.中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2005,18:361-364
78.左左木五.支原体病.(项大实,李建时).北京:农业出版社,1981,50-92
79.Adler H E,Bryant B J,Cordy D R,Shifrine M,DaMassa A J.Immunity and mortality in chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum:influence of the bursa of Fabricius.J Infect Dis,1973,127:Suppl:S61-66
80. Ahmed Z, Dentr G, Suggate E L. Disinhibition of neurotrophin-induced dorsal root ganglion cell neurite outgrowth on CNSmyelin by siRNA2mediated knockdown of NgR, p75~(NTR) and Rho-A. Mol Cell Neurosci, 2005, 28: 509-523
81. Anfinsen C B, Haber E, Sela M, White F H. The kinetics of formation of native ribonuc lease during oxidation of the reduced polypeptide chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1961,15: 1309-1314
82. Athamana A, Rosengarten R, Levisohn S. Adherence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum involves variable surface membrane proteins. Infect Immun, 1997, 65: 2468-2471
83. Athamma A, R Rosengarten ,S levisonhn. Adherene of mycoplasma gallisepticum involers variable surface membrane protein, infect immune, 1994, 61: 462-468
84. Avakian A P, Kleven S H, Ley D H. Comparison of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains and identification of integral membrane proteins with Triton X-114 by immunblotling. Vet Microbiol, 1991, 29: 319-328
85. Avakian A P, Leg D H, Mebride M A. Humoral immune response of turkey to strain S6 and variant studied by immunobloting. Avian Dis, 1992, 236: 69-77
86. Avakian A P, Leg D H. Inhibition of mycoplasma gallisepticum growth and attachment to chicken tranched rings by antibodies to 64 kilodaton membrane protein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Sci, 1990,11: 256-258
87. Banai M, Kahane I, Razini S, Bredt W. Adherence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to Human Erythrocytes. Infection Immunity, 1978,21: 365-372
88. Baranowski E, Ruiz-Jarabo C M, Domingo E. Evolution of cell recognition by viruses. Science. 2001,292: 1102-1105.
89. Barbour E K, Newman J A, Sasipreeyajan J, Caputa A C, Muneer M A. Identification of the antigenic components of the virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum (R) in chickens: their role in differentiation from the vaccine strain (F). Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1989, 21:197-206.
90. Baribaud F, Shaw A V, Scarpellino L, Diggelmann H, Acha-Orbea H. Preferential binding of mouse mammary tumor virus to B lymphocytes. J Virol, 1999,73:7899-7902
91. Baseggio N M, Glew P, Markhan F. Size and genomic location of Pmga multigene family of mycoplasma gallisepticum. microbiology jan, 1996,142: 1429-1435
92. Baseman J B, Cole R M, Krause D C, Leith D K. Molecular basis for cytadsorption of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Journal of Bacteriology, 1982, 151:1514-1522.
93. Bearson Shawn M D, Collier S D. Bearson Bradley L Induction of a mycoplasma gallisepticum pMGA gene in the chicken tracheal ring organ culture model. Avian diseases, 2003,47:745-749
94. Bearzotti M, Bernard D, Annie L, Anne-Marie L. Fish rhabdovirus cell entry is mediated by fibronectin, J. Virology, 1999,73: 7703-7709
95. Bencina D, Mrzel I, RoJs 0 Z, Bidovec A, Dovc A. Characterisation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains involved in respiratory disease in pheasants and peafowl. Vet Rec. 2003, 152: 230-234
96. Bencina D. Haemagglutinins of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas. Avian Pathol, 2002 , 31:535-547.
97. Benton W J, Cover M S, Melchior F W. Mycoplasma gallisepticum in a commercial laryngotracheitis vaccine. Avian Dis, 1967,11: 426-429
98. Bergelson J M, Chan M, Solomon K R, St John N F, Lin H, Finberg R W. Decay-accelerating factor (CD55), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored complement regulatory protein, is a receptor for several echoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1994, 91:6245-6248.
99. Bergelson J M, Cunningham J A, Droguett G, Kurt-Jones E A, Krithivas A, Hong J S, Horwitz M S, Crowell R L, Finberg R W. Isolation of a common receptor for Coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses 2 and 5. Science. 1997,275:1320-1323
100.Bergelson J M, Finberg R W. Integrins as receptors for virus attachment and cell entry. Trends Microbiol, 1993,1: 287-288.
101. Bergelson J M, Shepley M P, Chan B M, Hemler M E, Finberg R W. Identification of the integrin VLA-2 as a receptor for echovirus 1. Science, 1992, 255:1718-1720
102.Berger A R, Schaumburg H H, Gourevitch M N, Freeman K, Herskovitz S, Arezzo J C. Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in injection drug users. Neurology, 1999, 53:592-597
103.Biro J, Erdei N, Szekely I, Stipkovits L. Differentiation of mycoplasma gallisepticum strains using molecular methods. Acta Vet Hung, 2006, 54: 437-448.
104.Bradley L D, Snyder D B, Van D R. Identification of species specific and interspecies specific polypeptides of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Am J Vet Res, 1988,49: 511-515
105.Calnek W, John Barnes H. Disease of poultry. 10th ed. Ames: Iowa state university press, 1997,235-296.
106.Carter P, Kelley R F, Rodrigues M L, Snedecor B, Covarrubias M, Velligan M D, Wong W L, Rowland A M, Kotts C E, Carver M E. High level Escherichia coli expression and production of a bivalent humanized antibody fragment. Biotechnology, 1992, 10:163-167.
107.Cattoretti G, Becker M H, key G. Monoelonal antibodies against recombinant parts of the ki-67antigen(MIB 1 and MIB3)detect proliferating cells in microwaveproeessed formalin fixed paraffin sections. J Pathol, 1992,168: 357.
108.Clyde W A, Hu P C. Antigenic determinants of the attachment protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae shared by other pathogenic Mycoplasma species. Infect Immun, 1986,51:690-692
109.Czifra C T, Sundquist B G, Stipkovits L. Monoclonal antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins. Avian Dis, 1993, 37: 689-696
110.Delaplane J R, Stuart H O. The propagation of a virus in embryonated chicken eggs causing achronic respiratory disease of chickens.Vet Res, 1943,4:325-332
111.Dickinson E M, Hinshaw W R. Treatment of infections sinusitis of tarkeys with argyrols and silver nitrate. J Am Vet med Assoc, 1938,93: 151-156
112.Dodd S. Epizooticpneumo-enteritis of the turkey, comp pathol Ther, 1905, 18: 239-245
113.Dohms J. Identification of the putative cytadhesin gene of Mycoptasma gallisepticum and its use as a DNA probe. Avian Dis, 1993, 37: 380-388
114.Donovan R S, ROBINSON C W, GLICK B R. Optimizing the expression of a monoclonal antibody fragment under the transcriptional control of the escherichia coli lac promoter. Can J Microbiol, 2000,46: 532-541
115.Donovan R S, Robinson C W, Glick B R. Review: Optimizing Inducer and Culture Conditions for Expression of Foreign Protein under the Control of the Lac Promoter. J Ind Microbiol, 1996, 16:145-154
116.Edward D G, Freundt E A. The classification and nomenclature of organisms of the pleuropneumonia group. J Gen Microbiol, 1956,14:197-207
117.Edward D G, Kanarek A D. Organisms of the pleuropneumonia group of avian origin: their classification into species. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1960, 15: 696-702
118.Fabricant J, Levine P P. Experimental production of complication chronic repiratory disease infection ( "airsac" disease). Avian Dis, 1962, 6:13-27
119.Fabricant J, Levine P P. In yong chickens for the prevention of egg tansmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum in breeders. paris:procl7th world vet congr, 1995, 10: 1469-1474
120.Forsyth M H, Tourtellotte M E, Geary S J. Localization of an immunodominant 64kDa lipoprotein (LP64) in the membrance of Mycoplasma galliseptium and its role in cytadherence. Mol Microbiol, 1992,6: 2099-2106
121.Frank-Kamenetskii M D. Triplex DNA structure. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995, 64: 65-95
122.Glew M D, Baseggio N, Markham P F, Browning G F, Walker I D. Expression of the pMGA Genes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is controlled by variation in the GAA trinucleotide repeat lengths within the 5' noncoding regions. Infect Immu, 1998, 66: 5833-5841
123.Gastka M, Horvath J, Lentz TL. Rabies virus binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit demonstrated by virus overlay protein binding assay [J]. J Gen Virol, 1996,77:2437
124.Gibbs P S, Kleven S H, Jackwood M W. Analysis and characteiczation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from Pennsylvania. Avain Dis, 1993, 38 :475-482
125.Glew M D, Markham P F, Browning G F, Walker I D. Expression study on four members of the pMGA multigene family in Mycoplusma gallisepticum S6. Microbio, 1995, 141: 3005-3014
126. Glisson J R, Kleven S H. Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: Effects on egg transmission and egg production . Avian Dis, 1984,28:406-415
127.Goh M S, Gorton T S, Forsyth M H, Troy K E, Geary S J. Molecular and biochemical analysis of a 105 kDa Mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin (GapA). M icrobio, 1998, 11:2971-2978
128.Gross W B. The development of "air sac disease" . Avian Dis, 1961,5:431-439
129.Hanvey J C, Klysik J , Wells R D. Influence of DNA sequence on the formation of non-B right-handed helices in oligopurine. oligopyrimidine inserts in plasmids. J B iri Chem, 1998,263: 7386-7396
130.Harouse J M, Bhat S, Spitalnik S L, Laughlin M, Stefano K, Silberberg D H, Gonzalez-Scarano F. Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide. Science. 1991,253:320-323
131.Haywood A M. Virus Receptors: binding adhesion strengthening, and changes in viral structure. J Virol, 1994, 68: 1-5
132.Hefferon K L, Oomens A G, Monsma S A, Finnerty C M, Blissard G W. Host cell receptor binding by baculovirus GP64 and kinetics of virion entry. Virol, 1999, 258: 455-468
133.Hess C M, Wang Z, Edwards SV. Evolutionary genetics of Carpodacus mexicanus, a recently colonized host of a bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum[J]. Genetica, 2007, 129(2): 217-225
134.Hu P C, Collier A M, Baseman J B. Surface parasitism by Mycoplasma pneumoniae of respiratory spithelium. J Exp Med, 1977, 145: 1328-1343
135.Huang Y, Paxton W A, Wolinsky S M, Neumann A U, Zhang L, He T, Kang S, Ceradini D, Jin Z, Yazdanbakhsh K, Kunstman K, Erickson D, Dragon E, Landau N R, Phair J, Ho D D, Koup R A. The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression.Nature Medicine. 1996, 2:1240-1243
136.Hunter T. The phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine: its role in cell growth and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 1998, 353: 583-605.
137.Inamine J M, Ho K C, Loechel S, Hu P C. Evidence that UGA is read as a tryptophan codon rather than as a stop codon by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J Bacteriol, 1990,172:504-506
138.Jan G, Le Henaff M, Fontenelle C.Wroblewski H. Biochemical and antigenic characterisation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins P52 and P67 (pMGA). Arch Microbiol, 2001, 177: 81-90
139.Jenkins C, Geary S J, Gladd M, Djordjevic S P. The Mycoplasma gallisepticum OsmC-like protein MG1142 resides on the cell surface and binds heparin. Microbiology, 2007, 153: 1455-1463
140.Jindadamrongwech S, Thepparit C, Smith DR. Identification of GRP 78 (BiP) as a liver cell expressed receptor element fordengue virus serotype 2[J]. Arch Virol, 2004,149(5):915
141.Julen R, Wiesmann U N, Koblet H. Chemically induced plasma membrane vesicles as a useful tool for the investigation of virus binding to susceptible cells. J Virol Methods, 1993,42, 147-152
142.Kahane I, Granek J, Reisch-Saada A. The adhesins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. pneumoniae. Ann microbial(Paris), 1984, 135: 25-32
143.Kao S M, Miller E D , Su L. A leucine zipper motif in the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 is required for HIV21 replication and pathogenesis in vivo. Virology , 2001 , 289:208-217
144.Karger A, Mettenleiter T C. Identification of cell surface molecules that interact with pseudorabies virus[J]. J Virol, 1996,70(4):2138
145.Kempf I, Gesbent F, Guittet M, Bennejean G, Cooper A C. Efficency of danofloxacin in the therapy of experimental mycoplasmosis in chicks. Res vet sci, 1992, 53: 257-259
146.Kersten B, AgrawalG K, IwahashiH, Rakwal R. Plantphosph proteomics: a long road ahead. Proteomics, 2006, 6:5517-5528.
147.Khan M I, Yamamoto R. Differentiation of the vaccine F-strain from other strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by restriction endonuclease analysis. Vet Microbiol, 1989, 19: 167-174
148.Kheyar A, Redely S K, Silim A. The 64Kda lipoprotein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum has two distinct epitopes responsible for haemagglution and graoth inhibition. Avian Pathology, 1995,24: 55-68
149.Kilgore N R , Salzwedel K M, Reddick , Allaway G P , Wild C T. Direct evidence that C-peptide inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry bind to the gp41 N-helical domain in receptor activated viral envelope. J Virol , 2003 , 77: 7669-7672
150.Kim J T, Kim E M, Lee K H , Choi J E, Jhun B H, KimJ W. Leucine zipper domain of HFV-1 gp41 interacted specifically with alpha-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2002,291: 1239-1244
151.Kolaskar A S, Tongaonkar P C. A semi-empirical method for prediction of antigenic determinants on protein antigens. FEBS Lett, 1990, 276:172-174
152.Krause D C. Leith D K, Baseman J B. Reacquisition of specific protein confers virulence in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infection and immunity, 1983, 39: 830-836
153.Krause D C. Leith D K, W ilson R M , et al. Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein associated with henadsorption and virulence .Infection and Immunity, 1982, 35 : 809-817
154.Krupa A, Preethi G, Srinivasan N. Structuralmodes of stabili-zation of permissive phosphorylation sites in protein kinases:distinct strategies in Ser/Thr andTyrkinases. J Mol Biol, 2004, 339:1025-1039.
155.Kuniyasu C, Yoshida Y, Takano M. Spiramycin and tylosin-resistant strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from breeding chickens and pipped eggs. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo), 1974,14:48-53.
156.Lee W C, Fuller A O. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and pseudorabies virus bind to a common saturable receptor on Vero cells that is not heparan sulfate. J Virol, 1993, 67:5088-5097.
157.Ley D H, McLaren J M, Miles AM, Barnes H J, Miller S H, Franz G. Transmissibility of live Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85 from vaccinated layer pullets to sentinel poultry. Avian Dis, 1997,41:187-194
158.Li Liu, Payne D M, Vick L, Van S, Kevin D, Victor S P. A Protein (M9)Associated with Monoclonal antibody-mediated agglutination of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a member of the pMGA family. Infect Immu, 1998, 5570-5575
159.Lin M Y, Kleven S H. Egg transmission of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. Avian Dis, 1982, 26: 487-495
160.Litchfield D W, Luscher B. Casein kinase II in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Mol Cell Biochem. 1993,127-128: 187-99
161.Liu L, Dybvig K, Panangala V S, van Santen V L, French C T. GAA trinucleotide repeat region regulates M9/pMGA gene expression in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immun. 2000, 68: 871-876.
162.Liu L, Victor S P, Kevin D. Trinucleotide GAA repeats dictate pmga gene expression in Mycoplasma gallisepticum by affecting spacing between flanking regions. J Bacterio, 2002, 184: 1335-1339
163.Maddon P J, Dalgleish A G, McDougal J S, Clapham P R, Weiss R A, Axel R. The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell, 1986,47:333-48.
164.Majumder A, Basak S, Raha T, et al. Effetect of osmolytes and chaperone-like action of P-protein on folding of nuclecapsid protein of Chandipura virus. J Bio Chem, 2001, 276: 30-35
165.Mardassi B, Ben Abdel moumen, Mohamed R B, Gueriri I. Duplex PCR to differentiate between Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum on the basis of conserved species-specific sequences of their hemagglutinin genes. Journal of clinical microbiology, 2005,43: 948-958
166.Markham F S ,Wong S C. Pleuropneumonnia-like organism in the etiology of turkey sinusitis and chyonic respiratory disease of chickens. J.Poult Sci, 1952, 31: 902-904
167.Markham P F, Brandon M R. Characterization of a major haemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immun, 1992, 60: 3885-3891
168.Markham P F, Glew M D, Brandon M R. Characterization of a major hemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infection Immunity. 1991,60:3885-3891
169.Markham P F, Glew M D, Browning G F, Whithear K G ,Walker I D. Expression of two members of the pMGA gene family of Mycoplasma gallisepticum oscillates and influenced by pMGA-specific antibodies. Infect Immu, 1998, 66: 2845-2853
170.Markham P F, Glew M D, Whithear K G ,Walker I D. Molecular Clone of a member of the gene family that encodes pMGA, a hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immu, 1993,61: 903-909
171.Marois C, Dufour-Gesbert F, Kempf I. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in environmental samples. Avian Path, 2002,31: 163-168
172. Marra M A, Jones S J M, Astell C R. The Genome Sequence of the SARS Assoeiated Coronavirus. Seienee, 2003, 300: 1399-1404
173. Marsh M, Pelchen-Matthews A. Endocytosis in viral replication. Traffic, 2000,1:525-532
174. Michael M, Gerber S, Fetzer J, Folkers G. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and subsequent expression of the corresponding recombinant proteins without changing the bacterial vector system. Pharm Acta Helv, 1997,72:139-143
175.Microbiology &Molecular Review , 1998,62: 1094-1156
176.Milosevic B T, Bencina D, Dovc P. Sequence polymorphisms within the pMGA genes and pMGA antigenic variants in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2000, 184:133-139
177.Minion F C. Molecular pathogenesis of mycoplasma animal respiratory pathogens. Front Biosic, 2002,7: 1410-1422
178.Much P F, Winner L, Stipkovits R, Roengarten, C Citti. Mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of cell invasiveness on the outcome of experimental infection in chickens. FEMS Immunol. Med.Microbiol, 2002, 34: 181-186
179.Mudahi-Orenstein S, Levisohn S, Geary SJ, Yogev D. Cytoadherence-Deficient Mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum generated by transposon Mutagenesis. infect immune, 2003, 71: 3812-3820
180.Nelson J B. Studies on an uncomplicated coryza of the domestic foul. The relation of the Bacillary coryza to that produced by exudates. J Exp Med, 1933, 58: 297-304
181.Nieper H, Muller H , Rapid preparation of plasma membrane from avian hoid cells and fibroblasts for virus binding studies. J Virol Methods, 1998,72:153-162.
182.Nocard E, Roux E R. Le microbe de la peripneumonia.[J] Ann Inst Pasteur paris, 1898,12: 240-262
183.Norton A J, Jordan S, Yemomans P. Brief, high temperatureheat denaturation (pressure cooking) : asimple and effective method of antigen retrieval for routinely processed tissue. J Pathol, 1994, 173: 371
184.Ose E E, Wellenreiter R H. Effect of feeding tylosin to layers exposed to mycoplasma gallisepticum. Poultry sci, 1996,58: 42-49
185.Papazisi L, Troy K E, Gorton T S, Liao X, Geary S J. Analysis of cytadherence-deficient, GapA-negative Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R. Infect Immu, 2000, 68: 6643-6649
186.Papazisi Leka, Gorton Timothy S, Kutish Gerald. The complete genome sequence of theavian athogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R(low). icrobiology, 2003, t9, 2307-2316
187.Papps M C, ajkowski R, Hockmeyer W T. Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA): a micro technique for rapid diagnosis of Visceral leishmaniasis. Immunol Methods, 1983, 64: 205-214
188.Pennycott T W, Dare C M, Yavari C A, Bradbury J M. Mycoplasma sturni and Mycoplasma gallisepticum in wild birds in Scotland. The Veterinary Record. 2005, 156:513-515.
189.Rapp V, RoberJ, Munson S J, Richard F R. Outer membrane protein profiles of haemophilus pleuropneurmoniae. Infection and immunity, 1986, 52: 414-420
190.Razin S, Jacobs E. Mycoplasma adhesion. J Gen Microbiol, 1992, 138: 407-422
191.Razin S, Yogev D, Naot Y. Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas J . Microbiology &Molecular Review , 1998,62: 1094-1156
192.Razin S. Mycolasma taxonomy studied by electrophoresis of cell proteins. J Bacteriol, 1996,96: 687-694
193.Roelvink P W, Lizonova A, Lee J G, Li Y, Bergelson J M, Finberg R W, Brough D E, Kovesdi I, Wickham T J. The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor protein can function as a cellular attachment protein for adenovirus serotypes from subgroups A, C, D, E, and F. J Virol, 1998, 72:7909-7915
194.Rota P A, Oberste S, Monroe S S.Charaeterization of a Novel Coronavirus Assoeiated with Severe Aeute ResPiratory Syndrome. Seienee, 2003, 300(5624): 1394-1399
195.Saito. Cloning and DNA sequence of a 29 kilodalton polypeptide gene of mycoplasma gallisepticum as possible preventive antigen, vaccine, 1993, 11: 1061-1066
196.Salas-Benito J S, Angel R M D., Identification of two proteins from C6136 cell that bind dengue type4 virus. J. Virol, 1997,71 (10): 7246-7252.
197.Samson M, Libert F, Doranz B J, Rucker J, Liesnard C, Farber C M, Saragosti S, Lapoumeroulie C, Cognaux J, Forceille C, Muyldermans G, Verhofstede C, Burtonboy G, Georges M, Imai T, Rana S, Yi Y, Smyth RJ, Collman RG, Doms RW, Vassart G. Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutantalleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature, 1996, 382:722-725
198.Sankaran D, Lau LC, Ng ML .Interaction of kunjin virus with octyl-D-glucoside extracted Vero cell plasma membrane. J Virol Methods, 1997. 63:167-173
199.Sasipreeyajan J, Halvorson D A, Newman J A. Effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin on egg-transmission and egg production. Avian Dis, 1987, 31:776-781.
200.Schein C H, Boix E, Haugg M, Holliger K P, Hemmi S, Frank G, Schwalbe H. Secretion of mammalian ribonucleases from escherichia-coli using the signal sequence of murine spleen ribonuclease. Biochem J, 1992,283: 137-144.
201.Schneider-Schaulies J .Cellular receptors for viruses: links to tropism and pathogenesis. J Gen Virol, 2000, 81: 1413-1429.
202.Scott R. E. Plasma membrane vesiculation—a new technique for isolation of plasma membranes. Science, 1976,194: 743-745.
203.Shi S R, Key M E, Kalra K L. Antigen retrieval informalin-fixed paraffin-mbedded tissues: an enhaneemen method for immunohistoehemical staining based on mierowave oven heating of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem, 1991, 39: 741.
204.Shimojima M, Miyazawa T, Ikeda Y, McMonagle E L, Haining H, Akashi H, Takeuchi Y, Hosie M J, Willett B J. Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus. Science, 2004, 303: 1192-1195
205.Shmuel R, Yogev D. Molecular Biology andPathogenicity of Mycoplasmas. J
206.Soeripto, Whithear K G, Cottew G S, Harrigan K E. Virulence and transmissibility of mycoplasma gallisepticum. Aust Vet J, 1989, 66: 65-72
207.Tajima M, Yagihashi T, Miki Y. Capsular material of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and its possible relevance to the pathogenic process. Infect and Immu, 1982, 36: 830-833
208.Thepparit C, Smith DR. Serotype- specific entry of dengue virus into liver cells: identification of the 37 - kilodalton /67 - kilodalton high- affinity laminin receptor as a dengue virus serotype lreceptor[J]. J Virol, 2004,78(22): 126-47
209.Thomas C B, Sharp P. Detection of antigenic variation among strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay (ELISIA) and Western blot analysis. Avian Dis, 1988, 32: 748-756
210.Toth T E. Duck virus hepatitis. In. Hitchner S B,Domermuth C H,Purchase H Qetal. Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. New York US:Creative Printing Company, Inc, 1975:192-196.
211.Transcott R B, Ferguson A E , Ruhnke H L. An infection in chickens with a strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence, comp Med ,1974, 38:341-343
212.Urner K S T. Evaluation of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain exhibiting reduced virulence for prevention and control of poultry mycoplasma. Avi Dis, 1998, 42: 404-407
213.von Mering C, Krause R, Sne B. Comparative assessment of large-scaledatasets of protein - protein interactions. Nature, 2002,417: 399-403
214.Winner F, Rosengarten R, Citti C. In vitro cell invasion of mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infection immunity, 2000, 68: 4238-4244
215.Winter G, Milstein C. Man-made antibodies . Nature, 1991, 349: 293-299
216.Yoder H W Jr, Hopkins S R, Mitchell B W. Evaluation of inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. Avian Dis, 1984, 28: 224-34.
217.Yoder H W, M S Hofstad. Characterization of avian mycoplasma. avian dis, 1964, 8:481-512
218.Yoder H W. Historical account of the diagnosis and characterization of strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. Avian Dis, 1986, 30:510-518
219.Zhou J X, Wang E K. Flow injection analysis of myoglobin and hemoglobin at toluidine blue chemically modified electrode. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1991,16: 131-135