中国加入WTO初期我省大豆出口贸易对策研究
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摘要
大豆出口在我省农产品出口中占有重要的地位。但是随着我国经济的持续发展，国
民生活水平的提高，国内大豆需求量不断上升。我省作为农业大省，农产品出口在我省
出口创汇中有着突出重要的地位。特别是现行国家外汇政策下，单独就一个垦区的农场，
一个农产品深加工企业而言，农业现代化机械的更新，农业深加工所需的现代化技术的
引进都需要大量的外汇，而扩大大豆的出口则是增加创汇的重要来源之一。我省的种植
的大豆全部为非转基因大豆，其中还有部分有机大豆。我国是没有受到转基因大豆污染
的国家，拥有世界上最大的非转基因大豆生产区。美国、巴西、阿根廷主要种转基因大
豆、而转基因食品在目前大多数国家又遭到质疑和抵制，因此，目前非转基因大豆在国
际上有明显的竞争优势。
我国加入WTO以后我国承诺对大豆进口实行单一关税管理，进口大豆数量已经超
过了国产大豆数量。国家在资金上支持大豆种植，通过推广种植高油高蛋白品种，彻底
提高我国大豆的内在质量。对大豆经营企业给与政策上的以及资金的保证，稳定大豆收
购价格，以合理的价格打开国际市场。随时了解国际大豆市场行情和各国食品安全管理
制度，按照国际贸易规则签订执行合同。最终决定大豆能否出口最关键的问题是价格。
出口价格受国内市场的影响，同时出口价格又参与国际大豆价格竞争。通过期货市场套
期保值功能，实现先卖豆后种地，逐步推广通过套期保值实现订单栽培。扩大大豆栽培
面积，通过多种途径逐步提升我省大豆国际竞争能力，为扩大大豆出口创造条件。最终
实现农民的增产增收。
全文共分四个部分：
1．我省大豆出口贸易现状及其在我省国际贸易中的地位
2．我省大豆出口竞争的价格机制分析
3．我省大豆出口贸易的相关法规及贸易争端
4．我省大豆国际竞争力的提升
The export of the soybean played an important role in Heilongjiang's agricultural production. As the sustained development of our national economy and the promotion of the people's living standard, the domestic demand for the soybean rose quickly .Heilongjiang was a big province in agriculture ,the export of agricultural product was the most important in the province's export & earning foreign exchange. Especially with our nation's policy of foreign exchange ,to a farm or an agriculture processing factory, the renovation of the agricultural machine and the importing of the foreign advanced agricultural technology needed considerable amount of foreign exchange, also, enlarging the soybean's export was helpful to earn more foreign exchange. All of the soybeans planted in Heilongjiang province were non-GMO bean. CHINA hasn't been polluted by non-GMO soybean ,and there were the most biggest producing region of non-GMO soybeans in our country. Nowadays, in America and some other countries, GMO soybean was the chi
ef variety, but among most of countries in the world, GMO food has aroused questioned and been resisted. So the non-GMO soybean had very obvious advantages in international market.
After CHINA entered WTO , our country undertook to carry out the management of single tariff, the quantity of the importing soybean exceeded the quantity of our national soybean . Government invested lots of money to support the planting of the soybean. By popularizing the high -oiled and high-vitamin variety, the quality of our soybeans were improved. To the soybean managing factories, the supporting policies and the gurantee of the funds were given to stabilize the soybean's purchasing price, and then opened the international market by reasonable price . it was necessary to acknowledge the soybean's international market price and other country's food safety managing system, and then could help us to conclude the contract according to the international trade rules. The key factor affecting the soybean's export was the price. The exporting price was influenced by international market, at same time ,it participated in the price competition of the soybean in the international market With the participation of t
he nature market ,our country could sell soybean first, then plant soybean. Gradually it would realize that planting soybeans with order in hand. Our country should promote the international competitiveness of our province's soybean by enlarging the planting area of the soybean and improving the quality of the soybean, then create the conditions for the soybean export. In this way, it was helpful to farmers to increase the production and the income. The paper includes four parts:
1 Heilongjiangs's export trade of soybean & ifs position in Heilongjiang's international trade
2 Analysis of the price mechanism in the competition of Heilongjiang's soybean export.
3 Relevant laws & regulations and the trade contention in Heilongjiang's soybean export.
4 Promotion of the international competitiveness of Heilongjiang's soybean..
民生活水平的提高，国内大豆需求量不断上升。我省作为农业大省，农产品出口在我省
出口创汇中有着突出重要的地位。特别是现行国家外汇政策下，单独就一个垦区的农场，
一个农产品深加工企业而言，农业现代化机械的更新，农业深加工所需的现代化技术的
引进都需要大量的外汇，而扩大大豆的出口则是增加创汇的重要来源之一。我省的种植
的大豆全部为非转基因大豆，其中还有部分有机大豆。我国是没有受到转基因大豆污染
的国家，拥有世界上最大的非转基因大豆生产区。美国、巴西、阿根廷主要种转基因大
豆、而转基因食品在目前大多数国家又遭到质疑和抵制，因此，目前非转基因大豆在国
际上有明显的竞争优势。
我国加入WTO以后我国承诺对大豆进口实行单一关税管理，进口大豆数量已经超
过了国产大豆数量。国家在资金上支持大豆种植，通过推广种植高油高蛋白品种，彻底
提高我国大豆的内在质量。对大豆经营企业给与政策上的以及资金的保证，稳定大豆收
购价格，以合理的价格打开国际市场。随时了解国际大豆市场行情和各国食品安全管理
制度，按照国际贸易规则签订执行合同。最终决定大豆能否出口最关键的问题是价格。
出口价格受国内市场的影响，同时出口价格又参与国际大豆价格竞争。通过期货市场套
期保值功能，实现先卖豆后种地，逐步推广通过套期保值实现订单栽培。扩大大豆栽培
面积，通过多种途径逐步提升我省大豆国际竞争能力，为扩大大豆出口创造条件。最终
实现农民的增产增收。
全文共分四个部分：
1．我省大豆出口贸易现状及其在我省国际贸易中的地位
2．我省大豆出口竞争的价格机制分析
3．我省大豆出口贸易的相关法规及贸易争端
4．我省大豆国际竞争力的提升
The export of the soybean played an important role in Heilongjiang's agricultural production. As the sustained development of our national economy and the promotion of the people's living standard, the domestic demand for the soybean rose quickly .Heilongjiang was a big province in agriculture ,the export of agricultural product was the most important in the province's export & earning foreign exchange. Especially with our nation's policy of foreign exchange ,to a farm or an agriculture processing factory, the renovation of the agricultural machine and the importing of the foreign advanced agricultural technology needed considerable amount of foreign exchange, also, enlarging the soybean's export was helpful to earn more foreign exchange. All of the soybeans planted in Heilongjiang province were non-GMO bean. CHINA hasn't been polluted by non-GMO soybean ,and there were the most biggest producing region of non-GMO soybeans in our country. Nowadays, in America and some other countries, GMO soybean was the chi
ef variety, but among most of countries in the world, GMO food has aroused questioned and been resisted. So the non-GMO soybean had very obvious advantages in international market.
After CHINA entered WTO , our country undertook to carry out the management of single tariff, the quantity of the importing soybean exceeded the quantity of our national soybean . Government invested lots of money to support the planting of the soybean. By popularizing the high -oiled and high-vitamin variety, the quality of our soybeans were improved. To the soybean managing factories, the supporting policies and the gurantee of the funds were given to stabilize the soybean's purchasing price, and then opened the international market by reasonable price . it was necessary to acknowledge the soybean's international market price and other country's food safety managing system, and then could help us to conclude the contract according to the international trade rules. The key factor affecting the soybean's export was the price. The exporting price was influenced by international market, at same time ,it participated in the price competition of the soybean in the international market With the participation of t
he nature market ,our country could sell soybean first, then plant soybean. Gradually it would realize that planting soybeans with order in hand. Our country should promote the international competitiveness of our province's soybean by enlarging the planting area of the soybean and improving the quality of the soybean, then create the conditions for the soybean export. In this way, it was helpful to farmers to increase the production and the income. The paper includes four parts:
1 Heilongjiangs's export trade of soybean & ifs position in Heilongjiang's international trade
2 Analysis of the price mechanism in the competition of Heilongjiang's soybean export.
3 Relevant laws & regulations and the trade contention in Heilongjiang's soybean export.
4 Promotion of the international competitiveness of Heilongjiang's soybean..
引文
1 付亚书，陈维元，姜成喜，景玉良，付春旭，吕德昌．绥农号大豆品种的应用及选育体．黑龙江农业科学．2002(5)
2 付亚书．大豆品种绥农14的选育及体会分析．黑龙江农业科学．2002(3)
3 梁树新，张宏．国际贸易实务案例评析．山东大学出版社．2000
4 刘晓丽，孙恩玉，盛强，张玉华，党旭辉．发展高效益大豆的几点意见．杂粮作物 2002(3)
5 林红，姚振纯，齐宁，刘晓洁．特用大豆种质选育新进展．黑龙江农业科学．2002(2)
6 林国春．股票指数期货套期保值与套利策略．经济管理出版社．2002
7 杨玉川等．现代期货期权创新与风险管理．经济管理出版社．2002
8 杨加银．转基因大豆生产的现状与趋势．世界农业．2002(6)
9 闫世霞，孙景波．关于黑龙江省大豆提质增效的建议．农业系统科学与研究，2002(3)
10 姚大伟．新编国际贸易实务．上海科学技术文献出版社．2001
11 张帆．进出口业务实训教程．北京中国劳动保障出版社．2002
12 屈韬，徐印周．国际贸易业务与结算操作．广州出版社．2001
13 史占忠，戴春红．春大豆机械深窄密栽培法．中国农技推广．2003(2)
14 成功．大豆—转基因与生物多样性的焦点．大豆通报．2002(4)
15 朱秀清，江连洲，富校轶．国内外大豆加工利用的研究进展(二)．食品科技2002(1)
16 赵月荣．转基因大豆不会造成“基因污染”．农药科学与管理．2002(1)
17 孙君明，韩粉霞，丁安林．优质大豆新品种．大豆科学．2002(1)
18 王晓群，张作安，陈荣，王诚．大豆不同种植方式的比较．黑龙江气象．2002(1)
19 王建迁，李洪松，关萦斌，夏传文，吕庆娟，董树林，董宝丽．浅析大豆窄行密植技术推广与应用．大豆通报．2002(1)
20 王连铮．关于大豆优质高产问题的研讨．大豆通报．2002(1)
21 王秀梅，永杰，郑秀艳．试谈提高大豆产量的技术对策．大豆通报．2002(1)
22 农业部种植业管理司粮油处 北京 100026．黑龙江省高油高产大豆示范工作取得阶段性成果．中国农业信息．2002(11)
23 岩崎 正典．世界榖物需供动向．输入食粮协议会报．2003(8)
24 伊藤忠商事(株)食料．新 Feed Trade．2003(9-10)
25 枝元真徹．中国农民直接補助试行．输入食粮协议会报．2003(9)
26 角 好陛．农产物检查法一部改正法律．输入食粮协议会报．2000(7)
27 梶原 昭次．入门入门贸易．株式会社日本実业出版社．1993
28 财团法人 食品产业．遗伝子组换食品表示滑化事业调查报告书．财团法人食品产业．2001
29 高桥 坦．共步21世纪．社团法人日本贸易会．2000
30 水野叶子．星环会．2000
31 三菱银行．贸易 为替入门．三菱银行情报开发部．1990
32 渤海期货商务网 http://www.bhfcc.com/
33 天琪期货网 http://www.tqfutures.com/
2 付亚书．大豆品种绥农14的选育及体会分析．黑龙江农业科学．2002(3)
3 梁树新，张宏．国际贸易实务案例评析．山东大学出版社．2000
4 刘晓丽，孙恩玉，盛强，张玉华，党旭辉．发展高效益大豆的几点意见．杂粮作物 2002(3)
5 林红，姚振纯，齐宁，刘晓洁．特用大豆种质选育新进展．黑龙江农业科学．2002(2)
6 林国春．股票指数期货套期保值与套利策略．经济管理出版社．2002
7 杨玉川等．现代期货期权创新与风险管理．经济管理出版社．2002
8 杨加银．转基因大豆生产的现状与趋势．世界农业．2002(6)
9 闫世霞，孙景波．关于黑龙江省大豆提质增效的建议．农业系统科学与研究，2002(3)
10 姚大伟．新编国际贸易实务．上海科学技术文献出版社．2001
11 张帆．进出口业务实训教程．北京中国劳动保障出版社．2002
12 屈韬，徐印周．国际贸易业务与结算操作．广州出版社．2001
13 史占忠，戴春红．春大豆机械深窄密栽培法．中国农技推广．2003(2)
14 成功．大豆—转基因与生物多样性的焦点．大豆通报．2002(4)
15 朱秀清，江连洲，富校轶．国内外大豆加工利用的研究进展(二)．食品科技2002(1)
16 赵月荣．转基因大豆不会造成“基因污染”．农药科学与管理．2002(1)
17 孙君明，韩粉霞，丁安林．优质大豆新品种．大豆科学．2002(1)
18 王晓群，张作安，陈荣，王诚．大豆不同种植方式的比较．黑龙江气象．2002(1)
19 王建迁，李洪松，关萦斌，夏传文，吕庆娟，董树林，董宝丽．浅析大豆窄行密植技术推广与应用．大豆通报．2002(1)
20 王连铮．关于大豆优质高产问题的研讨．大豆通报．2002(1)
21 王秀梅，永杰，郑秀艳．试谈提高大豆产量的技术对策．大豆通报．2002(1)
22 农业部种植业管理司粮油处 北京 100026．黑龙江省高油高产大豆示范工作取得阶段性成果．中国农业信息．2002(11)
23 岩崎 正典．世界榖物需供动向．输入食粮协议会报．2003(8)
24 伊藤忠商事(株)食料．新 Feed Trade．2003(9-10)
25 枝元真徹．中国农民直接補助试行．输入食粮协议会报．2003(9)
26 角 好陛．农产物检查法一部改正法律．输入食粮协议会报．2000(7)
27 梶原 昭次．入门入门贸易．株式会社日本実业出版社．1993
28 财团法人 食品产业．遗伝子组换食品表示滑化事业调查报告书．财团法人食品产业．2001
29 高桥 坦．共步21世纪．社团法人日本贸易会．2000
30 水野叶子．星环会．2000
31 三菱银行．贸易 为替入门．三菱银行情报开发部．1990
32 渤海期货商务网 http://www.bhfcc.com/
33 天琪期货网 http://www.tqfutures.com/