光纤电流传感器实用化研究
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摘要
本文详细阐述了光纤电流传感器的原理、应用。对应用高圆双折射光纤的电流传感器进行了研究，在传统的信号处理方案上，保留其原方案优点，提出新的功率补偿方案，对应用高圆双折射光纤电流传感器的温度效应进行研究。在理论上进行了各种条件下的模拟计算，并在实验中加以验证。实验表明高圆双折射光纤的电流传感器的线性度很好，功率补偿方案效果明显，温度补偿方案具有一定的效果。
对普通光纤电流传感效应，本文也进行了有益的研究，并进行了相关的理论计算和实测。本文还引入了一个新的概念：光系统的共模抑制比，用以衡量双路输入系统抑制外界干扰的能力。
利用全光纤器件构成全光纤电流传感器，在厦门大学电子工程系进行了长时间的实际电流监控测量，并与普通电流互感器进行了比较分析，实测证明光纤电流传感器具有更优异的输出特性，可以进行实用化使用。
本文提出了新型高增益光电转换放大器的设计，在硬件上解决了光电信号转换倍数小，信号弱的缺点，对电路组成模块进行了详细分析和阐述。
文中详细阐述各方案的理论推导和实验，对于光器件的选择，光路的设计都进行了详细的阐述，对未来研究需要解决的问题和新的想法也一并详细阐述，这些实用化研究都将使光纤电流传感器的产业化的进程更加迅速。
This thesis presents both the theory and the aPplication of fiber optic cuJTent sensors in detall.
Electric current sensors employing highly circularly birefringent fiber are proposed. Also a novel
scheme to compenwte for laser source power and ambient temperature fluctUation is proposed
here. This scheme is based on the traditiona1 signal-processing scheme with simpler and more
effective design. Besides, the temperta effect on fiber optic current sensor is discussed. Results
of theoretical simulation and exPerimeflts showed that the electric current sensors employing
highly circularly bireffingent fiber can comPensate for the fiuctUation effectively with straight-line
response tO an the sensing current.
Research on detecting current employing single mode fiber is discussed in this thesis;
theoretical simulation and experimellts results are presented. MoreoveT, a new concept, optical
system common mode rewhn ration, is brought forward, which is a concept to evaluate the
antidamming caPabi1ity in a dual inPut oPtical system.
Employing all fiber devices to build the all fiber optical fiber current sensor system, we
detected and monitored the large current in the Depanment of Electrical Engineering at Xiamen
University for a long time. Compared with the tradihonal transducer, the optical fiber current
sensor has more ometallding specification on current detecting and monitoring. It shows that the
optical fiber currellt sensor can be pul into practical aPplications.
A novel high gain opto-electron detecting amplifier is proposed. To resolve the problem that
weak traditional amplifiers couldn't amplify signal effectively, this type of arnplifier is designed
and elaborated here.
Almost all of theoretical analysis and experiments, such as how to choose the devices, how to
design the oPtical system, etc. have been exPlained clearly. Some new idea and problem met in
experiments are also forward. We believe that all we have done wilI exPedite the process of put
the fiber oPtic current sensor in to use as an industrial product.
对普通光纤电流传感效应，本文也进行了有益的研究，并进行了相关的理论计算和实测。本文还引入了一个新的概念：光系统的共模抑制比，用以衡量双路输入系统抑制外界干扰的能力。
利用全光纤器件构成全光纤电流传感器，在厦门大学电子工程系进行了长时间的实际电流监控测量，并与普通电流互感器进行了比较分析，实测证明光纤电流传感器具有更优异的输出特性，可以进行实用化使用。
本文提出了新型高增益光电转换放大器的设计，在硬件上解决了光电信号转换倍数小，信号弱的缺点，对电路组成模块进行了详细分析和阐述。
文中详细阐述各方案的理论推导和实验，对于光器件的选择，光路的设计都进行了详细的阐述，对未来研究需要解决的问题和新的想法也一并详细阐述，这些实用化研究都将使光纤电流传感器的产业化的进程更加迅速。
This thesis presents both the theory and the aPplication of fiber optic cuJTent sensors in detall.
Electric current sensors employing highly circularly birefringent fiber are proposed. Also a novel
scheme to compenwte for laser source power and ambient temperature fluctUation is proposed
here. This scheme is based on the traditiona1 signal-processing scheme with simpler and more
effective design. Besides, the temperta effect on fiber optic current sensor is discussed. Results
of theoretical simulation and exPerimeflts showed that the electric current sensors employing
highly circularly bireffingent fiber can comPensate for the fiuctUation effectively with straight-line
response tO an the sensing current.
Research on detecting current employing single mode fiber is discussed in this thesis;
theoretical simulation and experimellts results are presented. MoreoveT, a new concept, optical
system common mode rewhn ration, is brought forward, which is a concept to evaluate the
antidamming caPabi1ity in a dual inPut oPtical system.
Employing all fiber devices to build the all fiber optical fiber current sensor system, we
detected and monitored the large current in the Depanment of Electrical Engineering at Xiamen
University for a long time. Compared with the tradihonal transducer, the optical fiber current
sensor has more ometallding specification on current detecting and monitoring. It shows that the
optical fiber currellt sensor can be pul into practical aPplications.
A novel high gain opto-electron detecting amplifier is proposed. To resolve the problem that
weak traditional amplifiers couldn't amplify signal effectively, this type of arnplifier is designed
and elaborated here.
Almost all of theoretical analysis and experiments, such as how to choose the devices, how to
design the oPtical system, etc. have been exPlained clearly. Some new idea and problem met in
experiments are also forward. We believe that all we have done wilI exPedite the process of put
the fiber oPtic current sensor in to use as an industrial product.
引文
[1]Jeff Hecht. City of Light: A Short History of Fiber Optics. [B]. Oxford University Press. p.1, Spring1999
[2]李玲，黄永清．光纤通信基础．[B]．北京：国防工业出版社．1999年2月
[3]张志鹏，Gambling W．A．光纤传感器原理．[B]．北京：中国计量出版社，1991年
[4]Hans Sohlstr(?)m. Fibre Optic Magnetic Field Sensors Utilizing Iron Garnet Materials, [B]. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Signals, Sensors & Systems Instrumentation Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Sweden. p.23-30, 1993.01
[5]A. J. Rogers, Optical technique for measurement of current at high voltage, [J]. Proc. IEE, Vol. 120. No. 2. p. 261-267, 1973
[6]Rose A.H, Etzel, S.M, Rochford K.B. Optical fiber current sensors in high electric field environments [J]. Journal of Lightwave Tech. Vol. 17.no. 6. p. 1042-1048, June 1999
[7]靳伟，廖延彪，张志鹏，等．导波光学传感器：原理与技术[B]．北京：科学出版社，1998年5月
[8]Yeh P,Gu C.Jones Vector Representation.[B].Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays.New York:Wiley,p.30-34,1999.
[9]魏光辉等．矩阵光学，[B]．北京：兵器工业出版社．1995年8月
[10]郭凤珍，于长泰．光纤传感技术与应用．[B]．杭州：浙江大学出版社．1992年6月
[11]赵仲刚等．科学技术前沿丛书：光纤通信与光纤传感．[B]．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社．1993年12月
[12]崔三烈．光纤传感原理与应用技术．[B]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社．1995年
[13]张国顺等．光纤传感技术．[B]．北京：水利电力出版社．1988年10月
[14]范崇澄，彭吉虎．导波光学．[B]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1988年12月
[15]吴重庆．光波导理论．[B]．北京：清华大学出版社．2000年3月
[16]Chen Zhenyi,Yan Fang,Zhou Qing.A High Circularly Birefringent Helical-Core Fiber [J].Beijing:Acta Optica Sinica.Vol.18,No.8.p.1124-1126.August 1998
[17]董小鹏．高圆双折射光纤的分析与设计．[J]．合肥：中国科学技术大学学报．Vol．25，No．3．p．275-280．1995年9月
[18]董小鹏．移动侧向压力法测量高圆双折射光纤．[J]．北京：光学学报．Vol．15，No．2．p．211-216．1995年2月
[19]Laming, R.I., Payne, D.N.. Electric current sensors employing spun highly birefringent optical fibers. [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Vol. 7, Issue: 12, p. 2084-2094, Dec. 1999
[20]董小鹏，可补偿偏置漂移的扭转光纤电流传感器．[J]．北京：光学学报．Vol．19，No．7．p．981-987．1999年7月
[21]Xiaopeng Dong, Chu, B.C.B., Kong, K.H., Kin Seng Chiang. Phase drift compensation for electric current sensor employing a twisted fiber or a spun highly birefringent fiber. [J]. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal on. Sept.-Oct. 2000. Vol. 6, Issue 5. p.803-809. Sept.-Oct. 2000
[22]Zhaobing Wang, Yanbiao Liao, Shurong Lai, et al. A novel method for simultaneous measurement of current and voltage using one low-birefringence fiber. [J]. Optics & Laser Technology. Vol, 30, p. 257-262, 1998
[23]Allen H. Rose, S. M. Etzel, Kent B. Rochford. Optical Fiber Current Sensor in High Electric Field Environments. [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Vol. 17, No. 6, p. 1042-1048, June 1999
[24]R. C. Gauthier, J. Dhliwayo. Birefringent fibre-optic pressure sensor. [J]. Optics & Laser Technology. Vol.24, No. 3, p. 139-143, 1992
[26]Z.B. Ren, et al.. Temperature Dependence of Bend- and Twist-Induced Birefringence in a Low-Birefringence Fiber. [J]. Optics Letters. Vol. 13. No.1. p.62. 1988
[27]Thorlabs INC. Thorlabs Model LD1255 Laser Diode Constant Current Driver. [F]. Newton, NJ, USA. p. 1-4, Sept. 19, 2001
[28]Thorlabs INC. LD1255 Mechanical Drawing. [F]. Newton, NJ, USA. p. 1, Dec. 28, 1999
[29]卢春生．光电探测技术及应用。[B]．北京：机械工业出版社，1992年3月
[30]王清正，胡渝，林崇杰．光电探测技术．[B]．北京：电子工业出版社．1994年10月
[31]高稚允，高岳．光电检测技术．[B]．北京：国防工业出版社(国防科技图书出版基金资助出版)．1995年
[32](日)北大路刚，刘宗惠译．抑制电子电路噪声的方法．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1980年2月
[33]Chia-Hsiung Kao, Yin-Fang Wei, Hung-Chou Kuo. A rail-to-rail cmos operational amplifier design for low voltage systems. [J]. Microwave Conference, 2001. APMC 2001. 2001 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1, p.276-279. Dec. 3-6,2001
[34]Analog Devices, INC. A Low Noise, Precision Instrumentation Amplifier AMP01 Datasheet. [B]. Analog Devices, INC, Norwood, MA, USA. p.1-22. 1998
[35](美)M．S．高西，K．R．莱克．现代滤波器设计：有源RC和开关电容．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1989年2月
[36](美)D．E．约翰逊，J．L．希尔伯恩．有源滤波器的快速实用设计．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1980年6月
[37]国家自然科学基金委员会．光学与光电子学．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1991年10月
[38]A．雅里夫．光电子学导论．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1983年1月
[39]阎永志．光纤耦合器的开发现状．[J]．北京：压电与声光．Vol．17，No．3．p．12-16．1995年6月
[40](澳)A．W．斯奈德，J．D．洛夫．光波导理论．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1991年6月
[41]张德琨，敖发良，邹传云．光纤通信原理．[B]．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1992年1月
[42]林学煌等．光无源器件．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998年4月
[43]金石琦．晶体光学．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1995年4月
[44]殷宗敏．光纤导波—理论和元件．[B]．上海：上海交通大学出版社．1995年2月
[45]史锦珊，郑绳楦．光电子学及其应用．[B]．北京：机械工业出版社．1991年11月
[46]刘沪阳．光纤连接器的现状及发展．[J]．北京：电信科学．Vol．12，No．5．p．45-49．1992年5月
[2]李玲，黄永清．光纤通信基础．[B]．北京：国防工业出版社．1999年2月
[3]张志鹏，Gambling W．A．光纤传感器原理．[B]．北京：中国计量出版社，1991年
[4]Hans Sohlstr(?)m. Fibre Optic Magnetic Field Sensors Utilizing Iron Garnet Materials, [B]. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Signals, Sensors & Systems Instrumentation Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Sweden. p.23-30, 1993.01
[5]A. J. Rogers, Optical technique for measurement of current at high voltage, [J]. Proc. IEE, Vol. 120. No. 2. p. 261-267, 1973
[6]Rose A.H, Etzel, S.M, Rochford K.B. Optical fiber current sensors in high electric field environments [J]. Journal of Lightwave Tech. Vol. 17.no. 6. p. 1042-1048, June 1999
[7]靳伟，廖延彪，张志鹏，等．导波光学传感器：原理与技术[B]．北京：科学出版社，1998年5月
[8]Yeh P,Gu C.Jones Vector Representation.[B].Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays.New York:Wiley,p.30-34,1999.
[9]魏光辉等．矩阵光学，[B]．北京：兵器工业出版社．1995年8月
[10]郭凤珍，于长泰．光纤传感技术与应用．[B]．杭州：浙江大学出版社．1992年6月
[11]赵仲刚等．科学技术前沿丛书：光纤通信与光纤传感．[B]．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社．1993年12月
[12]崔三烈．光纤传感原理与应用技术．[B]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社．1995年
[13]张国顺等．光纤传感技术．[B]．北京：水利电力出版社．1988年10月
[14]范崇澄，彭吉虎．导波光学．[B]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1988年12月
[15]吴重庆．光波导理论．[B]．北京：清华大学出版社．2000年3月
[16]Chen Zhenyi,Yan Fang,Zhou Qing.A High Circularly Birefringent Helical-Core Fiber [J].Beijing:Acta Optica Sinica.Vol.18,No.8.p.1124-1126.August 1998
[17]董小鹏．高圆双折射光纤的分析与设计．[J]．合肥：中国科学技术大学学报．Vol．25，No．3．p．275-280．1995年9月
[18]董小鹏．移动侧向压力法测量高圆双折射光纤．[J]．北京：光学学报．Vol．15，No．2．p．211-216．1995年2月
[19]Laming, R.I., Payne, D.N.. Electric current sensors employing spun highly birefringent optical fibers. [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Vol. 7, Issue: 12, p. 2084-2094, Dec. 1999
[20]董小鹏，可补偿偏置漂移的扭转光纤电流传感器．[J]．北京：光学学报．Vol．19，No．7．p．981-987．1999年7月
[21]Xiaopeng Dong, Chu, B.C.B., Kong, K.H., Kin Seng Chiang. Phase drift compensation for electric current sensor employing a twisted fiber or a spun highly birefringent fiber. [J]. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal on. Sept.-Oct. 2000. Vol. 6, Issue 5. p.803-809. Sept.-Oct. 2000
[22]Zhaobing Wang, Yanbiao Liao, Shurong Lai, et al. A novel method for simultaneous measurement of current and voltage using one low-birefringence fiber. [J]. Optics & Laser Technology. Vol, 30, p. 257-262, 1998
[23]Allen H. Rose, S. M. Etzel, Kent B. Rochford. Optical Fiber Current Sensor in High Electric Field Environments. [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Vol. 17, No. 6, p. 1042-1048, June 1999
[24]R. C. Gauthier, J. Dhliwayo. Birefringent fibre-optic pressure sensor. [J]. Optics & Laser Technology. Vol.24, No. 3, p. 139-143, 1992
[26]Z.B. Ren, et al.. Temperature Dependence of Bend- and Twist-Induced Birefringence in a Low-Birefringence Fiber. [J]. Optics Letters. Vol. 13. No.1. p.62. 1988
[27]Thorlabs INC. Thorlabs Model LD1255 Laser Diode Constant Current Driver. [F]. Newton, NJ, USA. p. 1-4, Sept. 19, 2001
[28]Thorlabs INC. LD1255 Mechanical Drawing. [F]. Newton, NJ, USA. p. 1, Dec. 28, 1999
[29]卢春生．光电探测技术及应用。[B]．北京：机械工业出版社，1992年3月
[30]王清正，胡渝，林崇杰．光电探测技术．[B]．北京：电子工业出版社．1994年10月
[31]高稚允，高岳．光电检测技术．[B]．北京：国防工业出版社(国防科技图书出版基金资助出版)．1995年
[32](日)北大路刚，刘宗惠译．抑制电子电路噪声的方法．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1980年2月
[33]Chia-Hsiung Kao, Yin-Fang Wei, Hung-Chou Kuo. A rail-to-rail cmos operational amplifier design for low voltage systems. [J]. Microwave Conference, 2001. APMC 2001. 2001 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1, p.276-279. Dec. 3-6,2001
[34]Analog Devices, INC. A Low Noise, Precision Instrumentation Amplifier AMP01 Datasheet. [B]. Analog Devices, INC, Norwood, MA, USA. p.1-22. 1998
[35](美)M．S．高西，K．R．莱克．现代滤波器设计：有源RC和开关电容．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1989年2月
[36](美)D．E．约翰逊，J．L．希尔伯恩．有源滤波器的快速实用设计．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1980年6月
[37]国家自然科学基金委员会．光学与光电子学．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1991年10月
[38]A．雅里夫．光电子学导论．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1983年1月
[39]阎永志．光纤耦合器的开发现状．[J]．北京：压电与声光．Vol．17，No．3．p．12-16．1995年6月
[40](澳)A．W．斯奈德，J．D．洛夫．光波导理论．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1991年6月
[41]张德琨，敖发良，邹传云．光纤通信原理．[B]．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1992年1月
[42]林学煌等．光无源器件．[B]．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998年4月
[43]金石琦．晶体光学．[B]．北京：科学出版社．1995年4月
[44]殷宗敏．光纤导波—理论和元件．[B]．上海：上海交通大学出版社．1995年2月
[45]史锦珊，郑绳楦．光电子学及其应用．[B]．北京：机械工业出版社．1991年11月
[46]刘沪阳．光纤连接器的现状及发展．[J]．北京：电信科学．Vol．12，No．5．p．45-49．1992年5月