全光纤电流互感器的研究
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摘要
本文研究了全光纤电流互感器的结构,比较分析了非干涉型电流互感器、Sagnac型电流互感器以及普遍采用的反射式结构电流互感器的优缺点。通过建立反射式结构的完整理论模型,详细研究了线性双折射对全光纤电流互感器的影响,并比较分析了引入大量圆双折射方法、制造极低线性双折射光纤、退火处理传感光纤圈以及分离法拉第效应和线性双折射等普遍采用的消除线性双折射影响方法的原理以及各自在实用中的缺点和不可实现性。提出了一种能够消除传感光纤部分线性双折射影响的新型反射式全光纤电流互感器结构,并通过采用琼斯矩阵建立系统理论模型、分析新型结构的偏振态演化以及仿真分析三种方法验证新型结构对传感光纤部分线性双折射的抑制作用,结果表明：通过在传感光纤中部插入光纤偏振旋转器的方法可以将测量误差控制在10-3数量级,另外,新型结构测量灵敏度和系统稳定性也得到提高。本文同时仿真分析了插入光纤偏振旋转器的位置对线性双折射抑制效果的影响。
本文还介绍了光纤四分之一波片的温度特性及其制作方法,介绍了光源、相位调制器等硬件设备,并简要介绍了信号的闭环检测方案,确定系统输出光信号的提取办法。
本文提出的消除传感光纤部分线性双折射影响的方法对全光纤电流互感器的实用化研究具有一定的意义。
This article studied the structure of All-Fiber Optic Current Transformer, compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of common Optical Current Transformer, non-interference structure, Sagnac-type structure and commonly used reflective structure. Through the establishment theoretical model of reflective structure, studied the affect of Linear Birefringence for all-optical current transformer in detail. And analyzed and compared some methods to reduce the effect of Linear Birefringence, include introducing a large number of circular birefringence、making very low linear birefringence optical fiber、specially processing sensing optical fiber loop and separating the Faraday effect and the linear birefringence and soon on. The results show that these methods can not fundamentally eliminate the effects of Linear Birefringence, but introduce some new problems. An improved in-line All Fiber Optic Current Transducer was proposed in this paper. By appropriately setting the Fiber Polarization Rotator(FPR), bending-induced linear birefringence of the forward light and backward light will cancel with each other. Theoretic and polarization analyzing、Simulation show that new scheme has a large improvement on such LB reduction. The measurement error of AFOCT will be reduced to 10-3.In addition, sensitivity and stability of the system has also been improved by the new structure. The locate deviation of FPR has affected the inhibitory of Linear Birefringence was analyzed by simulation.
At the same time, this article also studied quarter wave plate temperature characteristics、production methods and Jones matrix, prepared lights phase modulators and other hardware devices. Described the closed-loop signal detection scheme and determined the method of approaching output optical signal.
New method of eliminating the linear birefringence affect in new in-line All Fiber Optic Current Transducer has a certain significance of research.
本文还介绍了光纤四分之一波片的温度特性及其制作方法,介绍了光源、相位调制器等硬件设备,并简要介绍了信号的闭环检测方案,确定系统输出光信号的提取办法。
本文提出的消除传感光纤部分线性双折射影响的方法对全光纤电流互感器的实用化研究具有一定的意义。
This article studied the structure of All-Fiber Optic Current Transformer, compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of common Optical Current Transformer, non-interference structure, Sagnac-type structure and commonly used reflective structure. Through the establishment theoretical model of reflective structure, studied the affect of Linear Birefringence for all-optical current transformer in detail. And analyzed and compared some methods to reduce the effect of Linear Birefringence, include introducing a large number of circular birefringence、making very low linear birefringence optical fiber、specially processing sensing optical fiber loop and separating the Faraday effect and the linear birefringence and soon on. The results show that these methods can not fundamentally eliminate the effects of Linear Birefringence, but introduce some new problems. An improved in-line All Fiber Optic Current Transducer was proposed in this paper. By appropriately setting the Fiber Polarization Rotator(FPR), bending-induced linear birefringence of the forward light and backward light will cancel with each other. Theoretic and polarization analyzing、Simulation show that new scheme has a large improvement on such LB reduction. The measurement error of AFOCT will be reduced to 10-3.In addition, sensitivity and stability of the system has also been improved by the new structure. The locate deviation of FPR has affected the inhibitory of Linear Birefringence was analyzed by simulation.
At the same time, this article also studied quarter wave plate temperature characteristics、production methods and Jones matrix, prepared lights phase modulators and other hardware devices. Described the closed-loop signal detection scheme and determined the method of approaching output optical signal.
New method of eliminating the linear birefringence affect in new in-line All Fiber Optic Current Transducer has a certain significance of research.
引文
[1]Ning Y N, Wang Z P, Palmer A W. Recent progress in optical current sensing techniques[J]. Rev Sci Instrum.66(5).1995:3097-3103;
[2]李莉,张心天.光纤电流传感器及其研究现状[J].光电子技术与信息.15(2).2002：37-41；
[3]刘晔,王采堂,苏彦民等.电力系统适用光学电流互感器的研究新进展[J].电力系统自动.17.2002：60-64；
[4]尚秋峰,王仁洲,杨以涵.光学电流互感器及其在电力系统中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报.2001.28(2)：14-18；
[5]Day G W. Recent advances in faraday effect sensors. Springer Proceeding in Physics[J].44.1989:250-254;
[6]陈冠三,Demokan M S, Tarn H Y.实用的光纤电流传感器[J].传感器技术.16(1).1997：19-21；
[7]赵渭忠,张守业,张在宣等.高灵敏度温度稳定BIGd:YIG磁光光纤电流传感器性能及其晶体生长研究[J].光电子·激光.10(6).1999：487-491；
[8]康崇,孙伟民,王政平等.反射相差对光学玻璃电流传感器测量灵敏度和稳定性的影响[J].光学学报.18(11).1998：1513-1517；
[9]李庆波,王晓忠,王和平.块状光学材料电流传感器研究新进展.激光与光电子学进展[J].8.1999：1-6；
[10]刘彬,张群正.一种新型光纤电流传感器[J].传感技术学报.1.2002：55-59；
[11]Wang Tingyu, Luo Chengmu, Zheng Shengxuan. A fiber-optic current sensor based on a differentiating sagnac interferometer[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT.50(3).2001:705-708;
[12]张冈,李少慧,秦忆等.一种光电混合式电流传感器[J].华中理工大学学报.28(3).2000：90-92；
[13]尚秋峰,王仁洲,杨以涵.光学电流互感器及其在电力系统中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报.28(2).2001：14-18；
[14]Mafferone T D, Mcclelland T M.345kV substation optical current measurement system for revenue metering and protective relaying[J]. IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery.6(4).1991:1430-1437;
[15]尹朝,赵一堰.国产全光纤电子式电流互感器迈向超高压-访南瑞航天(北京)电气控制技术有限公司总经理王巍博士[R].电气时代.91.2009；
[16]国网电科院.国电南瑞为延安(洛川)750kV智能变电站提供全光纤电子式 电流互感器[OL].2011：
[17]徐金涛,王英利,王嘉等.全光纤电流传感器在智能电网中的应用[J].DQGY.2011.01：53-57；
[18]Chul J, Yun S H. Frequency division multiplexed polarimetric fiber laser current-current array[J].Opt Lett.24(16).1999:1097-1102;
[19]Wang Z B, Liao Y B, Lai S R et al.. A novel method for simultaneous measurement of current and voltage using one low-birefringence fiber[J]. Optics&Laser Technology.30.1998:257-260;
[20]廖延彪.偏振光学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003,163-268；
[21]叶玉堂,饶建珍,肖峻.光学教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005,150-351；
[22]廖延彪,魏光辉,哈流柱等.矩阵光学[M].北京：兵器工业出版社.1995,132-190；
[23]Trevor W, MacDougall, et al., Development of a fiber optic current sensor for power systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.7(2).1992:848-852;
[24]陈锡坤,邱静和,戴蓝发.光纤电流传感器[J].半导体光电.13(4).1992：380-383；
[25]梁斌.环形光纤电流互感器研究[J].吉林化工学院学报.17(1).2000：60-62；
[26]邱昆.光纤通信导论[M]1995；
[27]刘斌,张君正,光纤电流互感器Sagnac环的研究[J].仪器仪表学报.24(3).2003：324-327；
[28]Blake J, Tantaswadi P, Carvalho R T et al..In-line sagnac interferometer current sensor[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,11(1).1996:116-121;
[29]Short S X, Tantaswadi P, Carvalho R T et aL.An experimental study of acoustic vibration effects in optical fiber current sensor[J], IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery.11(4).1996:1702-1706;
[30]Bohnert K.et al..Temperature and Vibration Insensitive Fiber-Optic Current sensor[J]. Lightwave Technology.20(2).2002:267-276;
[31]Bogdan Szafraniec, James Blake.Polarization Modulation Errors in All-Fiber Depolarized Gyroscopes[J]. Lightwave Technology.12(9).1994:1679-1684;
[32]Shayne X S, Alexander A T, Josiel U A. Imperfect quarter waveplate compensation in Sagnac interferometer-type current Sensors[J]. Lightwave Technology.16.1998:1212-1219;
[33]Migdall, Alan L. Infrared detector spectral responsivity Calibration facility at the Natl Instof Standards and Technology[J]. Proceedings of SPIE.22(27).1994:46- 53;
[34]Lin H, Lin W W, Chen M H. Modified in-line sagnac interferometer with passive demodulation technique for environmental immunity of a fiber-optic current sensor[J]. APPLIED OPTICAL.38(13) 1999:2760-2766;
[35]王政平,黄宗军.国外Faraday效应电流传感器研究新进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报.4(2)1996：113-121；
[36]董小鹏.高圆双折射光纤的分析与设计[J].中国科学技术大学学报.25(3).1995：276-280；
[37]Tantaswadi P, Chasil C T, Maheshwari S.Study of current measurement rrror due to vibration in reciprocal fiber-optic polarimetric current sensor[J].IEEE PEDS.2001:699-703;
[38]Ulrich R, Simon A.Polaristion optics of twisted sing-mode fibres[J]. Appl Opt. 1979.18(13):2241-2251;
[39]廖延彪等.光纤光学[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2000.180-256；
[40]Day G W, Etzel S M. Annealing of bend induced birefringence in fiber current sensor[J].Tech Digest Int Conf on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Commun-European Conf Optical Commun(Venice).1985.871-874;
[41]Roger A J, Xu J, Yao J.Vibration immunity for optical-fiber current measuremen[J]. SPIE.23(60).1994:40-44;
[42]杨淑连.一种新结构的全光纤电流传感器[J].应用激光.26(3).2006：184-186；
[43]Robin A. Waveplate Polarization Rotator[P].US. US006437904B1.2000.8.20;
[44]Zhou S, Zhang X P. Simulation of Linear Birefringence Reduction in Fiber-Optical Current Sensor[J]. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 19(19).2007:1568-1570;
[45]邱永成.一种新型反射式全光纤电流传感器.纪念马祖光院士全国光电子与光电信息技术学术研讨会论文集[C].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学.2006：474-476；
[46]马良柱,霍佃恒.半导体DFB激光器的自动温度控制[J].信息与电子工程.5(7).2009：443-452；
[47]路艳梅.全光纤电流互感器数据处理系统的FPGA设计[D],山西太原,中北大学,2009；
[48]李永兵,刘东伟.闭环光纤电流互感器频率特性及控制算法研究[J].中国科技信息.17.2008：132-133；
[49]徐时清,戴世勋,张军杰等.全光纤电流互感器研究新进展[J].激光与光电子 学进展.1(1).2004：41-45；
[2]李莉,张心天.光纤电流传感器及其研究现状[J].光电子技术与信息.15(2).2002：37-41；
[3]刘晔,王采堂,苏彦民等.电力系统适用光学电流互感器的研究新进展[J].电力系统自动.17.2002：60-64；
[4]尚秋峰,王仁洲,杨以涵.光学电流互感器及其在电力系统中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报.2001.28(2)：14-18；
[5]Day G W. Recent advances in faraday effect sensors. Springer Proceeding in Physics[J].44.1989:250-254;
[6]陈冠三,Demokan M S, Tarn H Y.实用的光纤电流传感器[J].传感器技术.16(1).1997：19-21；
[7]赵渭忠,张守业,张在宣等.高灵敏度温度稳定BIGd:YIG磁光光纤电流传感器性能及其晶体生长研究[J].光电子·激光.10(6).1999：487-491；
[8]康崇,孙伟民,王政平等.反射相差对光学玻璃电流传感器测量灵敏度和稳定性的影响[J].光学学报.18(11).1998：1513-1517；
[9]李庆波,王晓忠,王和平.块状光学材料电流传感器研究新进展.激光与光电子学进展[J].8.1999：1-6；
[10]刘彬,张群正.一种新型光纤电流传感器[J].传感技术学报.1.2002：55-59；
[11]Wang Tingyu, Luo Chengmu, Zheng Shengxuan. A fiber-optic current sensor based on a differentiating sagnac interferometer[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT.50(3).2001:705-708;
[12]张冈,李少慧,秦忆等.一种光电混合式电流传感器[J].华中理工大学学报.28(3).2000：90-92；
[13]尚秋峰,王仁洲,杨以涵.光学电流互感器及其在电力系统中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报.28(2).2001：14-18；
[14]Mafferone T D, Mcclelland T M.345kV substation optical current measurement system for revenue metering and protective relaying[J]. IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery.6(4).1991:1430-1437;
[15]尹朝,赵一堰.国产全光纤电子式电流互感器迈向超高压-访南瑞航天(北京)电气控制技术有限公司总经理王巍博士[R].电气时代.91.2009；
[16]国网电科院.国电南瑞为延安(洛川)750kV智能变电站提供全光纤电子式 电流互感器[OL].2011：
[17]徐金涛,王英利,王嘉等.全光纤电流传感器在智能电网中的应用[J].DQGY.2011.01：53-57；
[18]Chul J, Yun S H. Frequency division multiplexed polarimetric fiber laser current-current array[J].Opt Lett.24(16).1999:1097-1102;
[19]Wang Z B, Liao Y B, Lai S R et al.. A novel method for simultaneous measurement of current and voltage using one low-birefringence fiber[J]. Optics&Laser Technology.30.1998:257-260;
[20]廖延彪.偏振光学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003,163-268；
[21]叶玉堂,饶建珍,肖峻.光学教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005,150-351；
[22]廖延彪,魏光辉,哈流柱等.矩阵光学[M].北京：兵器工业出版社.1995,132-190；
[23]Trevor W, MacDougall, et al., Development of a fiber optic current sensor for power systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.7(2).1992:848-852;
[24]陈锡坤,邱静和,戴蓝发.光纤电流传感器[J].半导体光电.13(4).1992：380-383；
[25]梁斌.环形光纤电流互感器研究[J].吉林化工学院学报.17(1).2000：60-62；
[26]邱昆.光纤通信导论[M]1995；
[27]刘斌,张君正,光纤电流互感器Sagnac环的研究[J].仪器仪表学报.24(3).2003：324-327；
[28]Blake J, Tantaswadi P, Carvalho R T et al..In-line sagnac interferometer current sensor[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,11(1).1996:116-121;
[29]Short S X, Tantaswadi P, Carvalho R T et aL.An experimental study of acoustic vibration effects in optical fiber current sensor[J], IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery.11(4).1996:1702-1706;
[30]Bohnert K.et al..Temperature and Vibration Insensitive Fiber-Optic Current sensor[J]. Lightwave Technology.20(2).2002:267-276;
[31]Bogdan Szafraniec, James Blake.Polarization Modulation Errors in All-Fiber Depolarized Gyroscopes[J]. Lightwave Technology.12(9).1994:1679-1684;
[32]Shayne X S, Alexander A T, Josiel U A. Imperfect quarter waveplate compensation in Sagnac interferometer-type current Sensors[J]. Lightwave Technology.16.1998:1212-1219;
[33]Migdall, Alan L. Infrared detector spectral responsivity Calibration facility at the Natl Instof Standards and Technology[J]. Proceedings of SPIE.22(27).1994:46- 53;
[34]Lin H, Lin W W, Chen M H. Modified in-line sagnac interferometer with passive demodulation technique for environmental immunity of a fiber-optic current sensor[J]. APPLIED OPTICAL.38(13) 1999:2760-2766;
[35]王政平,黄宗军.国外Faraday效应电流传感器研究新进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报.4(2)1996：113-121；
[36]董小鹏.高圆双折射光纤的分析与设计[J].中国科学技术大学学报.25(3).1995：276-280；
[37]Tantaswadi P, Chasil C T, Maheshwari S.Study of current measurement rrror due to vibration in reciprocal fiber-optic polarimetric current sensor[J].IEEE PEDS.2001:699-703;
[38]Ulrich R, Simon A.Polaristion optics of twisted sing-mode fibres[J]. Appl Opt. 1979.18(13):2241-2251;
[39]廖延彪等.光纤光学[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2000.180-256；
[40]Day G W, Etzel S M. Annealing of bend induced birefringence in fiber current sensor[J].Tech Digest Int Conf on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Commun-European Conf Optical Commun(Venice).1985.871-874;
[41]Roger A J, Xu J, Yao J.Vibration immunity for optical-fiber current measuremen[J]. SPIE.23(60).1994:40-44;
[42]杨淑连.一种新结构的全光纤电流传感器[J].应用激光.26(3).2006：184-186；
[43]Robin A. Waveplate Polarization Rotator[P].US. US006437904B1.2000.8.20;
[44]Zhou S, Zhang X P. Simulation of Linear Birefringence Reduction in Fiber-Optical Current Sensor[J]. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 19(19).2007:1568-1570;
[45]邱永成.一种新型反射式全光纤电流传感器.纪念马祖光院士全国光电子与光电信息技术学术研讨会论文集[C].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学.2006：474-476；
[46]马良柱,霍佃恒.半导体DFB激光器的自动温度控制[J].信息与电子工程.5(7).2009：443-452；
[47]路艳梅.全光纤电流互感器数据处理系统的FPGA设计[D],山西太原,中北大学,2009；
[48]李永兵,刘东伟.闭环光纤电流互感器频率特性及控制算法研究[J].中国科技信息.17.2008：132-133；
[49]徐时清,戴世勋,张军杰等.全光纤电流互感器研究新进展[J].激光与光电子 学进展.1(1).2004：41-45；