国际产业转移趋势与大连新兴产业发展研究
摘要
20世纪50年代以来,新兴工业化国家和部分发展中国家通过承接国际产业转移,走上了快速的经济发展道路。随着2008年国际金融危机的爆发,再次引发了世界对实体经济发展的深度思考,危机过后,世界主要发达国家为振兴经济,加大了对节能环保、宽带网络、生物技术、新能源、新材料等新兴产业领域的投入,加速关键技术的突破和产业结构的调整。因此,有关新兴产业的新一轮国际产业转移即将到来,这必将为大连市发展新兴产业,提高自主创新能力,带来前所未有的历史发展机遇。
论文首先分析了国内外发展的大环境,明确了大连市发展新兴产业的重要性。然后在收集和整理国际产业转移相关理论的基础上,分析了传统产业国际转移的历史和发展现状,认为成本因素、市场因素和科技进步是引起传统产业国际转移的主要原因,传统产业国际转移一般是由劳动密集型到资本密集型再到技术密集型产业转移,由发达国家到工业化国家再到发展中国家转移的规律,研发机构和新兴产业转移是目前国际产业转移的主要趋势,明确了大连市承接国际产业转移的方向。通过进一步分析大连市承接国际产业转移的现状和成效,以及发展新兴产业的基础、现状和面临的国内外形势,提出了大连市发展新兴产业的战略框架,主要包括:指导思想、重点领域和发展路径三个方面。最后,提出了通过吸引外资研发机构,并使其成为大连市科技创新体系的有机组成部分,以提升大连市自主创新能力,发展新兴产业,培育大连市新的经济增长点。
Since the 1950s, the emerging industrialized countries and some developing countries also steps onto the fast path of economic development. But with the international financial crisis broke out, the world began to pay attention to the real economy. After the crisis, the main developed counties began to increase the inputs in energy saving and environmental protection, broadband network, biotechnology, new energy, new material and other new industry fields to stimulus the economy. By accelerating the break through of key technology and the adjustment of industrial structure. Therefore, a new international industry transfer with the new industry will come soon, which will take opportunities unprecedented for Dalian to develop the new industry and strengthen the independent innovation capability.
Firstly, the background of the home and abroad is analysed in the paper to clear and definite the importance for Dalian to develop the new industry. And then, on the basis of collecting the theory about the international industry transfer, the history and the current situation of the traditional international industry transfer is analysed, summarized the cost factors, market factors and advance of science and technology are the cause of the traditional international industry transfer. The law of traditional international industry transfer is also obtained which is generally from the labor intensive industry to the capital-intensive industry and to the technology intensive industry, and also from the the developed countries to the industrialized countries and to the developing countries. By the analysis above, the paper regards the Research and Development Organizations and new industry transfer as the major trend of the international industry transfer which points out the direction of Dalian undertaking the international industry transfer. The current situation and the effect of Dalian undertaking the international industry transfer, the basis and the current situation of developing new industry, the situation faced both of home and abroad is also analysed. Next, the strategic framework of developing the new industry for Dalian is carried out, which contains guiding ideology, key areas and development path. At the last of the paper, attracting the Research and Development Organizations and making them a part of the Scientific and Technological Innovation System of Dalian is carried out to develop the new industry and promote the economic development of Dalian.
论文首先分析了国内外发展的大环境,明确了大连市发展新兴产业的重要性。然后在收集和整理国际产业转移相关理论的基础上,分析了传统产业国际转移的历史和发展现状,认为成本因素、市场因素和科技进步是引起传统产业国际转移的主要原因,传统产业国际转移一般是由劳动密集型到资本密集型再到技术密集型产业转移,由发达国家到工业化国家再到发展中国家转移的规律,研发机构和新兴产业转移是目前国际产业转移的主要趋势,明确了大连市承接国际产业转移的方向。通过进一步分析大连市承接国际产业转移的现状和成效,以及发展新兴产业的基础、现状和面临的国内外形势,提出了大连市发展新兴产业的战略框架,主要包括:指导思想、重点领域和发展路径三个方面。最后,提出了通过吸引外资研发机构,并使其成为大连市科技创新体系的有机组成部分,以提升大连市自主创新能力,发展新兴产业,培育大连市新的经济增长点。
Since the 1950s, the emerging industrialized countries and some developing countries also steps onto the fast path of economic development. But with the international financial crisis broke out, the world began to pay attention to the real economy. After the crisis, the main developed counties began to increase the inputs in energy saving and environmental protection, broadband network, biotechnology, new energy, new material and other new industry fields to stimulus the economy. By accelerating the break through of key technology and the adjustment of industrial structure. Therefore, a new international industry transfer with the new industry will come soon, which will take opportunities unprecedented for Dalian to develop the new industry and strengthen the independent innovation capability.
Firstly, the background of the home and abroad is analysed in the paper to clear and definite the importance for Dalian to develop the new industry. And then, on the basis of collecting the theory about the international industry transfer, the history and the current situation of the traditional international industry transfer is analysed, summarized the cost factors, market factors and advance of science and technology are the cause of the traditional international industry transfer. The law of traditional international industry transfer is also obtained which is generally from the labor intensive industry to the capital-intensive industry and to the technology intensive industry, and also from the the developed countries to the industrialized countries and to the developing countries. By the analysis above, the paper regards the Research and Development Organizations and new industry transfer as the major trend of the international industry transfer which points out the direction of Dalian undertaking the international industry transfer. The current situation and the effect of Dalian undertaking the international industry transfer, the basis and the current situation of developing new industry, the situation faced both of home and abroad is also analysed. Next, the strategic framework of developing the new industry for Dalian is carried out, which contains guiding ideology, key areas and development path. At the last of the paper, attracting the Research and Development Organizations and making them a part of the Scientific and Technological Innovation System of Dalian is carried out to develop the new industry and promote the economic development of Dalian.
引文
[1]陈宝明.国际产业转移新趋势及我国的对策[J].中国科技论坛,2011(1):16-19.
[2]中华人民共和国国务院.关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2010-10/18/content_1724848.htm.2010.
[3]中华人民共和国.国民经济和社会发展十二五规划纲要[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/2011lh/content_1825838.htm .2011.
[4]龚雪,高长春.国际产业转移理论综述[J].生产力研究,2009(4):157-160.
[5] Vernon,R.International investment and international trade in the product cycle[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.1966,80(2):190-227.
[6]阿瑟·刘易斯.国际经济治学的演变[M].北京:商务出版社,1984.
[7]小岛清.对外贸易论[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1987.
[8] Dunning·J·H.The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production:an Update and Some Possible Extensions[J].Journal of International Business Studied.1988(19):64-70 .
[9] D.H.Dalton and M.G.Serapio.U.S research facilities of foreign companies[J].Washington D.C,US department of commerce and technology administration.1993.
[10] R . Florida.The globalization of R&D:results of a survey of foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the USA[J ].research policy,vol.26.85-103,1997.
[11] J.Cantwell.The globalization of technology:what remains of the product- cycle model[M].The dynamic firm.New York:Oxford University Press,1998:263-288.
[12] B.L.Maccarthy and W.Atthirawong.Fcators affecting location decisions in international operations-a Delphi study[J].International Journal of Operations& Production Management.2003,23(7):794-818.
[13] Peter Gourevitch,Roger Bohn and David Mckendrick.Globalization of production:insights from the hard disk drive industry[J].World Development.2000,28(2):301-317.
[14] Maximilian von Zedtwitz and Oliver Gassmann.Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization:four different patterns of managing research and development[J].Research Policy.31.
[15] Z·A·Tan.Product cycle theory and telecommunications industry—foreign direct investment, government policy,and indigenous manufacturing in china[J].Telecommunications Policy.2002.
[16]卢根鑫.试论国际产业转移的经济动因及其效应[J].学术季刊,1994(4):33-42.
[17]陈凤英.21世纪初期世界产业结构调整趋势[J].中国党政干部论坛,2001(5):38-39.
[18]张为付.国际产业资本转移与中国世界制造中心研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2005.
[19]郑胜利.复制群居链—台商在大陆投资的“集群”特征分析[J].经济评论,2002(5):71-76.
[20]李琳.新一轮国际产业转移特点与对策思考[J].开放潮,2006( 103):62-63.
[21]朱刚.国际产业转移的负面效应分析[J].科技和产业,2006,6(7):17-25.
[22]迈克尔·波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,1997.
[23]苏东水.产业经济学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[24]刘小雪.发展中国家的新兴产业优势[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005.
[25]周新生.产业兴衰论[M].西安:西北大学出版社,2000.
[26]刘一川.论新兴产业的特征及其对策[J].机械工程,1988,(4):9-11.
[27]陈洪涛,施放等.基于政府作用的新兴产业发展研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2008,18(4):118-123.
[28]袁晓娜.新兴产业扶持政策的逆向选择效应研究[D].大连理工大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
[29]王海霞.低碳经济发展模式下新兴产业发展问题研究[J].生产力研究,2010(3):14-16.
[30] Garud,R.and P.Karne(2003).Bricolage vs. Breakthrough:Distributed and Embedded Agency in Technology Entrepreneurship[J].Research Policy.(32):277-300.
[31]陈刚.新兴产业形成与发展的机理探析[J].理论导刊,2004(2):40-42.
[32]宋红坤.信息技术驱动的新兴产业形成机制研究[D].复旦大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
[33]张晋.新兴产业发展的理变分析[J].太原科技,2004(2):16-17.
[34]张耀光.关于大连发展新兴海洋产业的思考[J].经济地理,1997,17(2):70-72.
[35]李伟娜.新兴产业:现状、问题与对策[J].中山大学研究生学刊(社会科学版),2009,30(4):111-119.
[36]杨亢.国际产业转移的新特点、影响及其应对的对策[EB/OL]. http://mept.gxu.edu.cn/lwjc/ddzbzx/252552.shtml.
[37]王稼琼,绳丽惠,陈鹏飞.区域创新体系的功能与特征分析[J].中国软科学,1999(2):53-55.
[38]台冰.发展高技术与改造传统产业关系的哲学思考[J].高科技与产业化,2000(4):3-6.
[39]刘世锦.中国“十五”产业发展大思路[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2000:52-53.
[40]李心芹,李仕明,兰永.产业链结构类型研究[J].电子科技大学学报(社科版),2004,6(4):60-63.
[41]刘贵富,赵英才.产业链:内涵,特性及其表现形式[J].财经理论与实践,2006,27(3):114-117.
[42]刘贵富.产业链基本内涵研究[J].工业技术经济,2007,26(8):92-96.
[43]周一珉,李淑梅.产业链内涵和形成机制述评[J].甘肃省经济管理干部学院学报,2008,21(3):38-41.
[44]汪琦.利用外资溢出效应与我国传统产业集群的良性发展[J].对外经济贸易大学学报,2003(1):65-68.
[45]李春顶.FDI技术溢出路径的深层探析[J].生产力研究,2005(8):35-36.
[46]王金龙,周建兵.技术创新的溢出效应及其内在化方式[J].华东科技,2002(5):25-27.
[47]李小建.经济地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[48]大连市统计局.2010年大连市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].大连:大连市统计局,2011.
[49]杜辉.以全域城市化打造又好又快发展的新引擎[J].大连干部学刊,2010,26(3):25-27.
[2]中华人民共和国国务院.关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2010-10/18/content_1724848.htm.2010.
[3]中华人民共和国.国民经济和社会发展十二五规划纲要[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/2011lh/content_1825838.htm .2011.
[4]龚雪,高长春.国际产业转移理论综述[J].生产力研究,2009(4):157-160.
[5] Vernon,R.International investment and international trade in the product cycle[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.1966,80(2):190-227.
[6]阿瑟·刘易斯.国际经济治学的演变[M].北京:商务出版社,1984.
[7]小岛清.对外贸易论[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1987.
[8] Dunning·J·H.The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production:an Update and Some Possible Extensions[J].Journal of International Business Studied.1988(19):64-70 .
[9] D.H.Dalton and M.G.Serapio.U.S research facilities of foreign companies[J].Washington D.C,US department of commerce and technology administration.1993.
[10] R . Florida.The globalization of R&D:results of a survey of foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the USA[J ].research policy,vol.26.85-103,1997.
[11] J.Cantwell.The globalization of technology:what remains of the product- cycle model[M].The dynamic firm.New York:Oxford University Press,1998:263-288.
[12] B.L.Maccarthy and W.Atthirawong.Fcators affecting location decisions in international operations-a Delphi study[J].International Journal of Operations& Production Management.2003,23(7):794-818.
[13] Peter Gourevitch,Roger Bohn and David Mckendrick.Globalization of production:insights from the hard disk drive industry[J].World Development.2000,28(2):301-317.
[14] Maximilian von Zedtwitz and Oliver Gassmann.Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization:four different patterns of managing research and development[J].Research Policy.31.
[15] Z·A·Tan.Product cycle theory and telecommunications industry—foreign direct investment, government policy,and indigenous manufacturing in china[J].Telecommunications Policy.2002.
[16]卢根鑫.试论国际产业转移的经济动因及其效应[J].学术季刊,1994(4):33-42.
[17]陈凤英.21世纪初期世界产业结构调整趋势[J].中国党政干部论坛,2001(5):38-39.
[18]张为付.国际产业资本转移与中国世界制造中心研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2005.
[19]郑胜利.复制群居链—台商在大陆投资的“集群”特征分析[J].经济评论,2002(5):71-76.
[20]李琳.新一轮国际产业转移特点与对策思考[J].开放潮,2006( 103):62-63.
[21]朱刚.国际产业转移的负面效应分析[J].科技和产业,2006,6(7):17-25.
[22]迈克尔·波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,1997.
[23]苏东水.产业经济学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[24]刘小雪.发展中国家的新兴产业优势[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005.
[25]周新生.产业兴衰论[M].西安:西北大学出版社,2000.
[26]刘一川.论新兴产业的特征及其对策[J].机械工程,1988,(4):9-11.
[27]陈洪涛,施放等.基于政府作用的新兴产业发展研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2008,18(4):118-123.
[28]袁晓娜.新兴产业扶持政策的逆向选择效应研究[D].大连理工大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
[29]王海霞.低碳经济发展模式下新兴产业发展问题研究[J].生产力研究,2010(3):14-16.
[30] Garud,R.and P.Karne(2003).Bricolage vs. Breakthrough:Distributed and Embedded Agency in Technology Entrepreneurship[J].Research Policy.(32):277-300.
[31]陈刚.新兴产业形成与发展的机理探析[J].理论导刊,2004(2):40-42.
[32]宋红坤.信息技术驱动的新兴产业形成机制研究[D].复旦大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
[33]张晋.新兴产业发展的理变分析[J].太原科技,2004(2):16-17.
[34]张耀光.关于大连发展新兴海洋产业的思考[J].经济地理,1997,17(2):70-72.
[35]李伟娜.新兴产业:现状、问题与对策[J].中山大学研究生学刊(社会科学版),2009,30(4):111-119.
[36]杨亢.国际产业转移的新特点、影响及其应对的对策[EB/OL]. http://mept.gxu.edu.cn/lwjc/ddzbzx/252552.shtml.
[37]王稼琼,绳丽惠,陈鹏飞.区域创新体系的功能与特征分析[J].中国软科学,1999(2):53-55.
[38]台冰.发展高技术与改造传统产业关系的哲学思考[J].高科技与产业化,2000(4):3-6.
[39]刘世锦.中国“十五”产业发展大思路[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2000:52-53.
[40]李心芹,李仕明,兰永.产业链结构类型研究[J].电子科技大学学报(社科版),2004,6(4):60-63.
[41]刘贵富,赵英才.产业链:内涵,特性及其表现形式[J].财经理论与实践,2006,27(3):114-117.
[42]刘贵富.产业链基本内涵研究[J].工业技术经济,2007,26(8):92-96.
[43]周一珉,李淑梅.产业链内涵和形成机制述评[J].甘肃省经济管理干部学院学报,2008,21(3):38-41.
[44]汪琦.利用外资溢出效应与我国传统产业集群的良性发展[J].对外经济贸易大学学报,2003(1):65-68.
[45]李春顶.FDI技术溢出路径的深层探析[J].生产力研究,2005(8):35-36.
[46]王金龙,周建兵.技术创新的溢出效应及其内在化方式[J].华东科技,2002(5):25-27.
[47]李小建.经济地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[48]大连市统计局.2010年大连市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].大连:大连市统计局,2011.
[49]杜辉.以全域城市化打造又好又快发展的新引擎[J].大连干部学刊,2010,26(3):25-27.