某钢筋混凝土拱桥空间受力分析及其加固研究
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摘要
近年来，随着我国交通事业的发展，我国已有一定数量的桥梁发生老化、损害现象，危桥逐年增多，承载能力明显降低。为确保交通畅通，对这些桥梁进行维修与加固已是当务之急。因而，对旧桥的加固改造进行研究，在我国具有深远的理论和现实意义。
危旧拱桥内力分析复杂，传统的内力分析方法有明显的不足，本文依据危旧拱桥的特点，用有限元法对其进行内力分析。
本文利用大型通用有限元软件，结合南部嘉陵江大桥这一具体的工程实例，考虑连拱及拱与拱上建筑的联合作用，建立了包括原桥、危桥、加固各阶段和加固后各状态在内的空间计算模型；
为了准确、快捷的确定最不利荷载工况，利用静力法绘制了旧桥主拱圈各控制截面的弯矩影响面；对其加固改造全过程进行了静力分析计算，明确了危桥的病害程度并对其加固方法进行了可行性研究；最后，简单分析了考虑连拱及拱上建筑与否对该桥主拱圈内力的影响。计算结果表明：该桥加固措施效果明显，加固后，各截面承载能力均满足规范要求，说明其加固方法是切实可行的。
另外，通过有限元法建立详尽的空间有限元模型，弥补了传统内力计算带来的不足，为桥梁加固改造提供较为可靠的定量分析数据，为确定合理的加固方案提供了依据，这种有限元分析和确定加固方法相结合的方法，对其他建筑结构的加固有一定的参考价值。
In recent years,along with the development of traffic in China,a portion of bridges have been damaged to a certain degree and the quantity of dangerous bridges is increasing year by year,the carrying capacity of many bridges is falling. In order to insure smooth transportation,it is an urgent affair to maintain or reinforce these bridges. Thus,to study strengthening method about the dangerous bridges has deep signification of theory and practice in China.
It is very complex to analyze the internal forces of the existing dangerous bridges,obviously there are some shortcomings in traditional method,according to the character of the dangerous bridges,the finite element method is used to analyze the internal forces of the bridge in this paper.
In this paper,using large-scale current finite element software,analysising Nanbu Jialingjiang bridge as engineering example,considering the united action of arcade and of arch with the structure on crown,the author build several 3D finite element models including original bridge,dangerous bridge,all phases of strengthening bridges and strengthened bridge.
In order to decide the most unfavorable load case accurately and quickly,using static analysis method this paper draws out the influence surface of bend moment for main section;Base on built models the paper analyzes the internal forces on entirely strengthening process and knows the damaged degree of dangerous bridge and does feasibility studying on its strengthening method;finally,the paper simply analyzes the unite action of arcade and of arch with the structure on crown. The result indicates that the strengthening method is feasible.
Otherwise,the paper calculates uses 3D finite element model to avoid the shortage of traditional method,the internal force analysis is an important basement to choose reliable strengthening schema. The method of strengthening connected with internal forces analysis has some reference value to other dangerous construction.
危旧拱桥内力分析复杂，传统的内力分析方法有明显的不足，本文依据危旧拱桥的特点，用有限元法对其进行内力分析。
本文利用大型通用有限元软件，结合南部嘉陵江大桥这一具体的工程实例，考虑连拱及拱与拱上建筑的联合作用，建立了包括原桥、危桥、加固各阶段和加固后各状态在内的空间计算模型；
为了准确、快捷的确定最不利荷载工况，利用静力法绘制了旧桥主拱圈各控制截面的弯矩影响面；对其加固改造全过程进行了静力分析计算，明确了危桥的病害程度并对其加固方法进行了可行性研究；最后，简单分析了考虑连拱及拱上建筑与否对该桥主拱圈内力的影响。计算结果表明：该桥加固措施效果明显，加固后，各截面承载能力均满足规范要求，说明其加固方法是切实可行的。
另外，通过有限元法建立详尽的空间有限元模型，弥补了传统内力计算带来的不足，为桥梁加固改造提供较为可靠的定量分析数据，为确定合理的加固方案提供了依据，这种有限元分析和确定加固方法相结合的方法，对其他建筑结构的加固有一定的参考价值。
In recent years,along with the development of traffic in China,a portion of bridges have been damaged to a certain degree and the quantity of dangerous bridges is increasing year by year,the carrying capacity of many bridges is falling. In order to insure smooth transportation,it is an urgent affair to maintain or reinforce these bridges. Thus,to study strengthening method about the dangerous bridges has deep signification of theory and practice in China.
It is very complex to analyze the internal forces of the existing dangerous bridges,obviously there are some shortcomings in traditional method,according to the character of the dangerous bridges,the finite element method is used to analyze the internal forces of the bridge in this paper.
In this paper,using large-scale current finite element software,analysising Nanbu Jialingjiang bridge as engineering example,considering the united action of arcade and of arch with the structure on crown,the author build several 3D finite element models including original bridge,dangerous bridge,all phases of strengthening bridges and strengthened bridge.
In order to decide the most unfavorable load case accurately and quickly,using static analysis method this paper draws out the influence surface of bend moment for main section;Base on built models the paper analyzes the internal forces on entirely strengthening process and knows the damaged degree of dangerous bridge and does feasibility studying on its strengthening method;finally,the paper simply analyzes the unite action of arcade and of arch with the structure on crown. The result indicates that the strengthening method is feasible.
Otherwise,the paper calculates uses 3D finite element model to avoid the shortage of traditional method,the internal force analysis is an important basement to choose reliable strengthening schema. The method of strengthening connected with internal forces analysis has some reference value to other dangerous construction.
引文
[1] 盛洪飞．桥梁建筑美学．人民交通出版社，1999
[2] 郭临义．拱桥千秋．人民交通出版社，1997
[3] 万明坤，项海帆等．桥梁漫笔．中国铁道出版社，1997
[4] 顾安邦．桥梁工程(上)．人民交通出版社，2001
[5] 顾安邦．桥梁工程(下)．人民交通出版社，2001
[6] 郭临义，张金彦．坡拱与不对称拱桥，人民交通出版社，1999
[7] 项海帆，刘光栋．拱结构的稳定与振动，人民交通出版社，1991
[8] 姚玲森．桥梁工程，人民交通出版社，1990
[9] 李廉锟．结构力学．高等教育出版社，1997
[10] 罗世勋，谢邦珠等．当代四川公路桥梁．四川科学技术出版社，1996
[11] 李国豪．桥梁结构稳定与振动．中国铁道出版社，1996
[12] 金成．预应力混凝土梁拱组合桥梁．人民交通出版社，2001
[13] 王国鼎，钟圣斌等．拱桥．人民交通出版社，2000
[14] 邵容光．结构设计原理，人民交通出版社，1995
[15] 朱以文，韦庆如等．微机有限元前后处理系统ViziCAD及其应用．科学技术文献出版社，1993
[16] 王瑞珉．ALGOR和SAP5P在杆系结构分析中的应用，机械工业出版社，2000
[17] 裴若娟．Super SAP应用与技巧．华中理工大学出版社，2000
[18] 丁皓江，何福保等．弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法，机械工业出版社，1992
[19] 四川省交通厅公路规划勘探设计研究院．四川南部嘉陵江大桥维修加固设计(施工图设计)．2001
[20] 交通部规划设计院．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范，1985
[21] 美国各州公路和运输工作者协会．美国公路桥梁设计规范(AASHTO)，人民交通出版社，1998
[22] 顾懋清，石绍甫．公路桥涵设计手册—拱桥(上)，人民交通出版社，2000
[23] 毛瑞祥，程翔云．公路桥涵设计手册—基本资料，人民交通出版社，1997
[24] 徐启友．桥梁修理与技术改造．人民交通出版社，1992
[25] 郑凯锋，陈宁等．桥梁结构仿真分析技术研究，桥梁建设，1998(2)
[26] David, E., Djelal, C., &Buyle-Bodin, F..Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Composite Materials. Proc., 7~(th)int. Conf. on Struct. Faults and Repair, Vol. 2, P169-173.
[27] G. Spadea, R.N. Swamy & F. Bencardino. Strength and Ductility of RC Beams Repaired with Boned CFRP Laminates. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2001, Vol. 6, No. 6.
[28] S.S. Morcos, R. Rjorhoved. Fracture Modeling of Concrete and Steel. J. of str. Eng. 1995(7),pp. 1125-1133.
[29] 罗娜．胡大琳等，动测法评定钢筋混凝土拱桥承载力初探，重庆交通学院学报，2001(3)
[30] 项海帆，吴定俊．我国铁路桥梁的现状和展望，铁道建筑技术，2000(2)
[31] 徐学东，朱瑞龙等．既有钢筋混凝土桥梁加固与修补技术综述，铁道标准设计，2000(6-7)
[32] 徐岳，陈偕民等。危旧拱桥加固改造全过程静力分析方法的研究，西安公路学院学报，1994(3)
[33] 赵长军，王锋君等．大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥空间稳定性分析，公路，2001(2)
[34] 郭临义．正拱斜置悬链线坡拱桥内力计算，西安公路交通大学学报，1996(1)
[35] 郭临义．正拱斜置变截面悬链线坡拱桥的内力分析，西安公路交通大学学报，1999(2)
[36] 王国鼎，杜志刚．拱桥改造加固新途径，公路，2001(12)
[37] 侯发亮，许志坚等．粘钢加固技术在提高既有桥梁承载力上的应用，桥梁建设，2000(4)
[38] 匡志平，王皓波等．碳纤维加固桥梁结构技术的应用，同济大学学报，2001(8)
[39] 于永军．粘钢加固法在高速公路桥梁裂缝处理中的应用．辽宁交通科技，2000(1)
[40] 陈偕民，徐岳等．危旧拱桥加固改造全过程的动力分析，中国公路学报，1997(1)
[41] 庞俊成．拱桥拱背加固减载法．公路，2001(10)
[42] Rafail Veksier, Abbay P. Thorat. The Arch Bridge Mystery. Civil Engineering, 1999
[43] Zhao Lei, Zhang Jinping. Discussion of Several Problems on Nonlinear Stability Analysis during the Construction of Longspan Bridge Arches. Journal of The China Railway Society, 1995
[44] Draw E. Lehman, Sharon E. Gookin, Adrian M. Nacamuli, & Jack P. Moehle. Repair of Earthquake-Damaged Bridge Columns. ACI Structural Journal, 2001, Vol. 98, No. 2
[45] Jin Weiliang, Gu Suxing, Zhao Gaufan. The Lateral Stability of Tied Arch Bridge Without Bracing Beams. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 1989
[46] Wu Bo. Computation of A Continuous Rib Arch in Consideration of Horizontal Distribution of Load. Journal of Jiaotong Institute, 1994
[47] Zheng Zhenfei, Chen Baochun. Analysis of Limit State Design Theory of Arch Bridge. Journal of Fuzhou University, 1993
[48] 王秀伟．丫髻沙特大桥全桥结构仿真分析研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，成都，1998
[49] 王晓阳．既有混凝土双曲拱桥的内力分析及加固研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2001
[50] 周岑．大跨度石拱桥全桥结构仿真分析研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，成都，2000
[2] 郭临义．拱桥千秋．人民交通出版社，1997
[3] 万明坤，项海帆等．桥梁漫笔．中国铁道出版社，1997
[4] 顾安邦．桥梁工程(上)．人民交通出版社，2001
[5] 顾安邦．桥梁工程(下)．人民交通出版社，2001
[6] 郭临义，张金彦．坡拱与不对称拱桥，人民交通出版社，1999
[7] 项海帆，刘光栋．拱结构的稳定与振动，人民交通出版社，1991
[8] 姚玲森．桥梁工程，人民交通出版社，1990
[9] 李廉锟．结构力学．高等教育出版社，1997
[10] 罗世勋，谢邦珠等．当代四川公路桥梁．四川科学技术出版社，1996
[11] 李国豪．桥梁结构稳定与振动．中国铁道出版社，1996
[12] 金成．预应力混凝土梁拱组合桥梁．人民交通出版社，2001
[13] 王国鼎，钟圣斌等．拱桥．人民交通出版社，2000
[14] 邵容光．结构设计原理，人民交通出版社，1995
[15] 朱以文，韦庆如等．微机有限元前后处理系统ViziCAD及其应用．科学技术文献出版社，1993
[16] 王瑞珉．ALGOR和SAP5P在杆系结构分析中的应用，机械工业出版社，2000
[17] 裴若娟．Super SAP应用与技巧．华中理工大学出版社，2000
[18] 丁皓江，何福保等．弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法，机械工业出版社，1992
[19] 四川省交通厅公路规划勘探设计研究院．四川南部嘉陵江大桥维修加固设计(施工图设计)．2001
[20] 交通部规划设计院．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范，1985
[21] 美国各州公路和运输工作者协会．美国公路桥梁设计规范(AASHTO)，人民交通出版社，1998
[22] 顾懋清，石绍甫．公路桥涵设计手册—拱桥(上)，人民交通出版社，2000
[23] 毛瑞祥，程翔云．公路桥涵设计手册—基本资料，人民交通出版社，1997
[24] 徐启友．桥梁修理与技术改造．人民交通出版社，1992
[25] 郑凯锋，陈宁等．桥梁结构仿真分析技术研究，桥梁建设，1998(2)
[26] David, E., Djelal, C., &Buyle-Bodin, F..Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Composite Materials. Proc., 7~(th)int. Conf. on Struct. Faults and Repair, Vol. 2, P169-173.
[27] G. Spadea, R.N. Swamy & F. Bencardino. Strength and Ductility of RC Beams Repaired with Boned CFRP Laminates. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2001, Vol. 6, No. 6.
[28] S.S. Morcos, R. Rjorhoved. Fracture Modeling of Concrete and Steel. J. of str. Eng. 1995(7),pp. 1125-1133.
[29] 罗娜．胡大琳等，动测法评定钢筋混凝土拱桥承载力初探，重庆交通学院学报，2001(3)
[30] 项海帆，吴定俊．我国铁路桥梁的现状和展望，铁道建筑技术，2000(2)
[31] 徐学东，朱瑞龙等．既有钢筋混凝土桥梁加固与修补技术综述，铁道标准设计，2000(6-7)
[32] 徐岳，陈偕民等。危旧拱桥加固改造全过程静力分析方法的研究，西安公路学院学报，1994(3)
[33] 赵长军，王锋君等．大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥空间稳定性分析，公路，2001(2)
[34] 郭临义．正拱斜置悬链线坡拱桥内力计算，西安公路交通大学学报，1996(1)
[35] 郭临义．正拱斜置变截面悬链线坡拱桥的内力分析，西安公路交通大学学报，1999(2)
[36] 王国鼎，杜志刚．拱桥改造加固新途径，公路，2001(12)
[37] 侯发亮，许志坚等．粘钢加固技术在提高既有桥梁承载力上的应用，桥梁建设，2000(4)
[38] 匡志平，王皓波等．碳纤维加固桥梁结构技术的应用，同济大学学报，2001(8)
[39] 于永军．粘钢加固法在高速公路桥梁裂缝处理中的应用．辽宁交通科技，2000(1)
[40] 陈偕民，徐岳等．危旧拱桥加固改造全过程的动力分析，中国公路学报，1997(1)
[41] 庞俊成．拱桥拱背加固减载法．公路，2001(10)
[42] Rafail Veksier, Abbay P. Thorat. The Arch Bridge Mystery. Civil Engineering, 1999
[43] Zhao Lei, Zhang Jinping. Discussion of Several Problems on Nonlinear Stability Analysis during the Construction of Longspan Bridge Arches. Journal of The China Railway Society, 1995
[44] Draw E. Lehman, Sharon E. Gookin, Adrian M. Nacamuli, & Jack P. Moehle. Repair of Earthquake-Damaged Bridge Columns. ACI Structural Journal, 2001, Vol. 98, No. 2
[45] Jin Weiliang, Gu Suxing, Zhao Gaufan. The Lateral Stability of Tied Arch Bridge Without Bracing Beams. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 1989
[46] Wu Bo. Computation of A Continuous Rib Arch in Consideration of Horizontal Distribution of Load. Journal of Jiaotong Institute, 1994
[47] Zheng Zhenfei, Chen Baochun. Analysis of Limit State Design Theory of Arch Bridge. Journal of Fuzhou University, 1993
[48] 王秀伟．丫髻沙特大桥全桥结构仿真分析研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，成都，1998
[49] 王晓阳．既有混凝土双曲拱桥的内力分析及加固研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2001
[50] 周岑．大跨度石拱桥全桥结构仿真分析研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，成都，2000