ZVS三电平双管正激变换器的研究
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摘要
随着人们对电网质量的要求日益提高，三相功率因数校正电路(PFC)将被广泛应用，在三相分布式电源中，需要一种能够承受高输入电压、高效率、高功率密度的后级直流变换器与之配套使用。将两个双管正激变换器串联起来组成的双正激三电平直流变换器，具有内在抗桥臂直通的能力和输入分压电容自动均压的优点，并且变压器的磁芯工作在磁化曲线的第一、三象限，磁芯利用率高。
本文首先分析了并联型双正激电路的工作过程，研究了环流形成的原因和抑制方法。然后探讨一种零电压开关(ZVS)双正激三电平直流变换器，通过在高频变压器副边和整流电路输入之间加入谐振电感，配合有限双极性的PWM控制，可以实现开关器件的零电压开通。本文分析了它的工作过程和主要参数设计，并在试验中制作了一个全桥整流的220V/3kW样机进行验证。另外制作一个全波整流48V/2.5kW样机，其中使用了碳化硅肖特基二极管和硅PiN二极管，比较了它们关断时的特性和对变换器效率的影响。
Recently there is a high demand for better power quality. Regulations such as IEC 555-2 and IEC61000-3-2 have been carried out to encourage companies to use or develop "clean" power appliances. It is estimated three phase power fact corrector (PFC) will be widely used in the next generation of distributed power system. Most three phase PFCs are based on Boost converter, so the output voltage should be high in order to minimize the harmonics in the input current. Therefore a DC-DC converter which can handle high input voltage is needed. Put the two double forward converters in series and a three level DC-DC converter is formed. It inherits the merit of no shoot-through from the double forward converter, besides the voltage on the input capacitors can be self-balanced.
In the thesis, first a converter of two double forward converters paralleling at the input is discussed. The principle of circulating current between the primary windings of high frequency transformer is analyzed and the way to restrain it is introduced. Secondly, a three level Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) DC-DC converter based on double forward converter is put forward. The principle and parameter selection is discussed and verified on a 3.2kW/220V prototype. Another 2.5kW/48V prototype is also built on which the comparison between SiC schottky diode and Si PiN diode and the effect on the overall efficiency are made.
本文首先分析了并联型双正激电路的工作过程，研究了环流形成的原因和抑制方法。然后探讨一种零电压开关(ZVS)双正激三电平直流变换器，通过在高频变压器副边和整流电路输入之间加入谐振电感，配合有限双极性的PWM控制，可以实现开关器件的零电压开通。本文分析了它的工作过程和主要参数设计，并在试验中制作了一个全桥整流的220V/3kW样机进行验证。另外制作一个全波整流48V/2.5kW样机，其中使用了碳化硅肖特基二极管和硅PiN二极管，比较了它们关断时的特性和对变换器效率的影响。
Recently there is a high demand for better power quality. Regulations such as IEC 555-2 and IEC61000-3-2 have been carried out to encourage companies to use or develop "clean" power appliances. It is estimated three phase power fact corrector (PFC) will be widely used in the next generation of distributed power system. Most three phase PFCs are based on Boost converter, so the output voltage should be high in order to minimize the harmonics in the input current. Therefore a DC-DC converter which can handle high input voltage is needed. Put the two double forward converters in series and a three level DC-DC converter is formed. It inherits the merit of no shoot-through from the double forward converter, besides the voltage on the input capacitors can be self-balanced.
In the thesis, first a converter of two double forward converters paralleling at the input is discussed. The principle of circulating current between the primary windings of high frequency transformer is analyzed and the way to restrain it is introduced. Secondly, a three level Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) DC-DC converter based on double forward converter is put forward. The principle and parameter selection is discussed and verified on a 3.2kW/220V prototype. Another 2.5kW/48V prototype is also built on which the comparison between SiC schottky diode and Si PiN diode and the effect on the overall efficiency are made.
引文
[1] 张为佐，“功率MOSFET及其发展浅说”，电源技术应用．2000，3(1)．-18-21
[2] Xinbo Ruan; Bin Li; Qianhong Chen; Three-level converters-a new approach for high voltage and high power DC-to-DC conversion, pesc 02. 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 663 -668 vol.2
[3] 冯瀚，“双管正激变换器组合技术的研究”，浙江大学博士学位论文
[4] 龚广海，“三电平双管正激变换器的研究”，浙江大学硕士学位论文
[5] J. Renes Pinheiro, Ivo Barbi, The Three-Level ZVS PWM Converter, A New Concept in High-Voltage DC-to-DC Converter, IECON'92 Nov 1992 Page(s): 173-178 vol. 1
[6] Pinheiro J. R.; Barbi I.: Wide load range three-level ZVS-PWM DC-to-DC converter, PESC '93 Record., 24th Annual IEEE, 20-24 Jun 1993 Jun 1993 Page(s): 171 -177
[7] Francisco Canales, Peter M. barbosa, Jose M. Burdio, F.C.Lee, A Zero Voltage Switching Three-Level DC/DC Converter, CPES 2000, pp.366-371
[8] Pinheiro J. R.; Barbi I., An improved TL-ZVS-PWM DC-DC Converter, APEC '95. Tenth Annual Issue: 0,5-9 Mar 1995 Page(s): 907-912 vol.2
[9] Xinbo Ruan; Dayu Xu; Linquan Zhou; A simplified zero-voltage-switching PWM three-level converter with two clamping diodes, APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 975 -980 vol.2
[10] Xinbo Ruan; Bin Li; Jinzhong Li; Zero-voltage-switching PWM three-level converter with current-doubler-rectifier APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 981-987 vol.2
[11] Yungtaek Jang; Jovanovic, M.M.; A new three-level soft-switched converter, APEC '03. Eighteenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2003 Page(s): 1059 -1065
[12] Barbi, I.; Gules, R.; Redl, R.; Sokal, N.O.; DC/DC converter for high input voltage: four switches with peak voltage of Vin/2, capacitive turn-off snubbing and zero-voltage turn-on, PESC 98 Record. 29th Annual IEEE, Volume: 1,17-22 May 1998 Page(s): 1-7 vol.1
[13] 王正仕，“高输入电压三电平零电软开发DC/DC变换电路”，电力电子技术 2001 35(2)-21-23
[14] Francisco Canales, Peter M. barbosa, F.C.Lee, A Zero Voltage and Zero Current Three Level DC/DC Converter, IEEE APEC 2000
[15] Francisco Canales, A Zero Voltage and Zero Current Three Level DC to DC Converter, Proc. of VPEC, 1999.126-133
[16] Xinbo Ruan; Linquan Zhou; Yangguang Yan; A novel zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM three-level converter, PESC. 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, Volume: 2,2001 Page(s): 1075-1079 vol.2
[17] Jeon, S.J.; Canales, K; Barbosa, P.M.; Lee, F.C.; A primary-side-assisted zero-voltage and zero-current switching three-level DC-DC converter with phase-shift control APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 641 -647 vol.2
[18] Kutkut, N.H.; Luckjiff, G.; Divan, D.M.; A dual bridge high current DC-to-DC converter with soft switching capability, IAS '97., Conference Recold of the 1997 IEEE, Volume: 2,5-9 Oct 1997 Page(s): 1398-1405 vol.2
[19] Kutkut, N.H.; A new dual-bridge soft switching DC-to-DC power converter for high power
applications, IECON '99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, Volume: 1,1999 Page(s): 474 -479 vol. 1
[20] Torrico-Bascope, R.; Barbi, I.; Dual-bridge DC-DC converter with soft switching features, APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2001 Page(s): 722 -727 vol.2
[21] Ghodke, D.V.; Muralikrishnan, K.; ZVZCS, dual, two-transistor forward DC-DC converter with peak voltage of Vin/2, high input and high power application pesc 02. 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual, Volume: 4,2002 Page(s): 1853 -1858
[22] 赵修科，磁性元件分册，沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，2002
[23] Robert. W. Erickson, Dragan Maksimovis, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, University of Colorado
[24] Magnetics Division of Spang & Company, Designing with Planar Ferrite Cores, Technical Bulletin FC-S8
[25] Alexander J. Yerman, Khai D.Ngo, High-Frequency transformer, US Patent:4959630
[26] 陈治明，“碳化硅电力电子器件及其制造工艺新进展半导体学报”，Vol．23，No7 July，2002 pp673-680．
[27] Ranbir Singh, James Richmond, SiC Power Schottky Diodes in Power Factor Correction Circuits, APPLICATION NOTE AN902 www. cree.com
[28] Anant Agarwal, Ranbir Singh, Sei-Hyung Ryu, 600 V, 1- 40 A, Schottky Diodes in SiC and Their Applications, www. cree.com
[29] C. Miesner, R. Rupp, H. Kapels, M. Krach, and L. Zverev, "thinQ! . Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes: An SMPS Circuit Designer's Dream Coomes True!," At http://www.infineon.com/cmc_upload/documents/027/313/WhitePaper_SiC.pdf.
[30] 张占松，蔡宣三，开关电源的原理与设计，北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[31] 林谓勋，电力电子技术基础。北京：机械工业出版社，1990
[32] 赵良炳，现代电力电子技术基础，清华大学出版社，1995
[2] Xinbo Ruan; Bin Li; Qianhong Chen; Three-level converters-a new approach for high voltage and high power DC-to-DC conversion, pesc 02. 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 663 -668 vol.2
[3] 冯瀚，“双管正激变换器组合技术的研究”，浙江大学博士学位论文
[4] 龚广海，“三电平双管正激变换器的研究”，浙江大学硕士学位论文
[5] J. Renes Pinheiro, Ivo Barbi, The Three-Level ZVS PWM Converter, A New Concept in High-Voltage DC-to-DC Converter, IECON'92 Nov 1992 Page(s): 173-178 vol. 1
[6] Pinheiro J. R.; Barbi I.: Wide load range three-level ZVS-PWM DC-to-DC converter, PESC '93 Record., 24th Annual IEEE, 20-24 Jun 1993 Jun 1993 Page(s): 171 -177
[7] Francisco Canales, Peter M. barbosa, Jose M. Burdio, F.C.Lee, A Zero Voltage Switching Three-Level DC/DC Converter, CPES 2000, pp.366-371
[8] Pinheiro J. R.; Barbi I., An improved TL-ZVS-PWM DC-DC Converter, APEC '95. Tenth Annual Issue: 0,5-9 Mar 1995 Page(s): 907-912 vol.2
[9] Xinbo Ruan; Dayu Xu; Linquan Zhou; A simplified zero-voltage-switching PWM three-level converter with two clamping diodes, APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 975 -980 vol.2
[10] Xinbo Ruan; Bin Li; Jinzhong Li; Zero-voltage-switching PWM three-level converter with current-doubler-rectifier APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 981-987 vol.2
[11] Yungtaek Jang; Jovanovic, M.M.; A new three-level soft-switched converter, APEC '03. Eighteenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2003 Page(s): 1059 -1065
[12] Barbi, I.; Gules, R.; Redl, R.; Sokal, N.O.; DC/DC converter for high input voltage: four switches with peak voltage of Vin/2, capacitive turn-off snubbing and zero-voltage turn-on, PESC 98 Record. 29th Annual IEEE, Volume: 1,17-22 May 1998 Page(s): 1-7 vol.1
[13] 王正仕，“高输入电压三电平零电软开发DC/DC变换电路”，电力电子技术 2001 35(2)-21-23
[14] Francisco Canales, Peter M. barbosa, F.C.Lee, A Zero Voltage and Zero Current Three Level DC/DC Converter, IEEE APEC 2000
[15] Francisco Canales, A Zero Voltage and Zero Current Three Level DC to DC Converter, Proc. of VPEC, 1999.126-133
[16] Xinbo Ruan; Linquan Zhou; Yangguang Yan; A novel zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM three-level converter, PESC. 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, Volume: 2,2001 Page(s): 1075-1079 vol.2
[17] Jeon, S.J.; Canales, K; Barbosa, P.M.; Lee, F.C.; A primary-side-assisted zero-voltage and zero-current switching three-level DC-DC converter with phase-shift control APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2002 Page(s): 641 -647 vol.2
[18] Kutkut, N.H.; Luckjiff, G.; Divan, D.M.; A dual bridge high current DC-to-DC converter with soft switching capability, IAS '97., Conference Recold of the 1997 IEEE, Volume: 2,5-9 Oct 1997 Page(s): 1398-1405 vol.2
[19] Kutkut, N.H.; A new dual-bridge soft switching DC-to-DC power converter for high power
applications, IECON '99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, Volume: 1,1999 Page(s): 474 -479 vol. 1
[20] Torrico-Bascope, R.; Barbi, I.; Dual-bridge DC-DC converter with soft switching features, APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 2,2001 Page(s): 722 -727 vol.2
[21] Ghodke, D.V.; Muralikrishnan, K.; ZVZCS, dual, two-transistor forward DC-DC converter with peak voltage of Vin/2, high input and high power application pesc 02. 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual, Volume: 4,2002 Page(s): 1853 -1858
[22] 赵修科，磁性元件分册，沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，2002
[23] Robert. W. Erickson, Dragan Maksimovis, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, University of Colorado
[24] Magnetics Division of Spang & Company, Designing with Planar Ferrite Cores, Technical Bulletin FC-S8
[25] Alexander J. Yerman, Khai D.Ngo, High-Frequency transformer, US Patent:4959630
[26] 陈治明，“碳化硅电力电子器件及其制造工艺新进展半导体学报”，Vol．23，No7 July，2002 pp673-680．
[27] Ranbir Singh, James Richmond, SiC Power Schottky Diodes in Power Factor Correction Circuits, APPLICATION NOTE AN902 www. cree.com
[28] Anant Agarwal, Ranbir Singh, Sei-Hyung Ryu, 600 V, 1- 40 A, Schottky Diodes in SiC and Their Applications, www. cree.com
[29] C. Miesner, R. Rupp, H. Kapels, M. Krach, and L. Zverev, "thinQ! . Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes: An SMPS Circuit Designer's Dream Coomes True!," At http://www.infineon.com/cmc_upload/documents/027/313/WhitePaper_SiC.pdf.
[30] 张占松，蔡宣三，开关电源的原理与设计，北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[31] 林谓勋，电力电子技术基础。北京：机械工业出版社，1990
[32] 赵良炳，现代电力电子技术基础，清华大学出版社，1995