PCV-2 ORF2蛋白在杆状病毒表面的展示及动物免疫试验
|
摘要
猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV-2)是断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, PMWS)的主要病原,不但可以引起断奶仔猪发生衰竭、死亡,还与仔猪先天性震颤(Congenital tremors CT)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,PDNS)和猪呼吸道疾病综合征(Porcine respiratory disease complex,PRDC)有关,更重要的是PCV-2的感染可以造成仔猪免疫抑制。PCV-2常和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒混合感染,造成猪的免疫失败,继而引起其他病原的继发性感染,造成的间接损失非常大。目前,PCV-2已经成为严重阻碍养猪业发展的主要病原。PCV-2基因组为闭合环状单链DNA,全长1 767 bp或1 768 bp,含2个开放阅读框,即ORF1和ORF2。ORF1编码病毒复制相关蛋白。ORF2编码病毒衣壳蛋白,即病毒的结构蛋白,衣壳蛋白有很好的免疫原性,但在PCV-1和PCV-2之间不存在交叉保护。因此,研究PCV-2的ORF2基因对猪圆环病毒的检测和疫苗研究具有重要意义。
杆状病毒是一种自然感染昆虫细胞的病毒,该病毒的吸附和侵入细胞的作用与囊膜糖蛋白gp64有关。gp64由N-端信号肽和具有跨膜区、胞质区的成熟蛋白组成。gp64已被开发成病毒表面展示系统以展示各种目的蛋白。将外源基因片段插入病毒衣壳蛋白的信号肽与成熟蛋白之间,经后加工作用信号肽被切除,形成的融合蛋白能稳定地表达在杆状病毒粒子表面,筛选后就可以得到能表达目的蛋白的重组杆状病毒,这种表达方式稳定、可靠,用来开发基因工程疫苗简捷、快速,现在已被广泛地应用到研发和实践。
本研究对杆状病毒展示系统展示PCV-2衣壳蛋白进行了研究,并对展示的蛋白进行了动物免疫试验,获得以下结果:
(1)设计一对特异性引物P1、P2,以提取的PCV-2 YL株DNA为模板,采用PCR方法成功获得了PCV-2 YL株的ORF2基因片段,将该片段胶回收后与pGEM-T载体连接,转化DH5α感受态细胞,经筛选获得阳性克隆,PCR和酶切鉴定正确的质粒测序。测序正确的质粒命名为pGEM-T-ORF2。结果显示目的片段大小为702bp,共编码234个氨基酸,表达的目的蛋白分子质量为28ku。DNAStar软件分析表明,PCV-2 YL株ORF2基因与GenBank中其他的PCV-2毒株的核苷酸同源性在89.9%～98%之间,编码的氨基酸同源性在88.5%～98.3%之间。
(2)将pGEM-T-ORF2质粒和载体pET-32a用BamHI / XhoI双酶切后,连接构建pET-32a-ORF2重组表达质粒。重组质粒转染大肠埃希菌,用IPTG诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE检测表明ORF2在大肠埃希菌中得到表达,Western blot检测证实表达的蛋白能与猪圆环病毒2型阳性血清发生特异性结合。
(3)参考Bac-to-Bac真核表达载体的酶切位点和ORF2基因序列设计一对引物,以pGEM-T-ORF2为模板进行PCR扩增,将回收的扩增产物与Bac-to-Bac真核表达载体分别进行XhoI、PstI双酶切,回收酶切片段并将其连接,构建了重组杆状病毒BscSC-ORF2。用重组病毒感染昆虫细胞后,经免疫荧光-共聚焦显微镜观察,重组衣壳蛋白能有效地表达在昆虫细胞膜上。将培养的病毒高速离心浓缩,经免疫金电子显微镜观察,证明重组蛋白表达在了杆状病毒囊膜上。
(4)用重组杆状病毒免疫小鼠后,中和试验表明,小鼠产生了PCV-2的特异性抗体,抗体的中和效价达到1:12.8;淋巴细胞转化增殖试验表明,重组杆状病毒能诱发机体产生较强的细胞免疫应答。
本研究成功构建了表面展示PCV-2 Cap蛋白的重组杆状病毒,为进一步应用该重组杆状病毒作为亚单位疫苗预防PCV-2的感染奠定了基础。
Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2)is the major pathogen for the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ( PMWS ) and cause exhaustion and death in post-weaning piglets. PCV-2 also is relevant to congenital tremor (CT),porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome(PDNS) and porcine respiratory disease complex(PRDC). PCV-2 can casue immnosuppression in infected piglets. PCV-2 also co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), Porcine parvovirus(PPV) and Pseudorabies virus(PRV) in pig population and cause immune failure of infected pigs which will be followed by the secondary infetions of other pathogens.Hence we can see that PCV-2 infection has already become one of the major pathogens for the pig industry and can cause immeasurable indirect losses.
The genome of PCV-2 is a closed circular single-stranded DNA of about 1 767 bp or 1 768 bp,which consists of two open reading frames(ORF),ORF1 and ORF2.ORF1 encodes virus replication associated protein. ORF2 encodes virus capsid protein(virus structural protein).This structural protein has fairly good immnogenicity,but it has no cross protection between PCV-1 and PCV-2. So a better understanding of the ORF2 proteinof PCV-2 will be very important for the PCV detection and vaccine development.
The baculoviruses are a family of large rod-shaped viruses that naturally only infect the insect cells.The attachment and invasion process of the virus are associated with the envelope glycoproteingp64 which consists of N-terminus signal peptide and maturation protein(including transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain).gp64 has already been developed as the viral surface display system to display various objective proteins. The exogenous gene segment inserted between the signal peptide and the maturation protein.After the post-transcriptional processing,the signal peptide will be cutted off.The new fusion protein will be express steadily on the surface of the virion. After several times of selection,the recombinant baculoviruses with specific protein being expressed can be obtained.This expression pathway is stable and reliable.It is brief and fast when applied to develop genetically engineering vaccines.This technology has been widely applied to design and develop new genetically engineering vaccines.
This sdudy display capsid protein of PCV-2 using baculovirus display system and animal immune experiment about the displayed protein. A conclusions of this study are following:
(1)A pair of specific primers was designed( P1/P2). ORF2 gene of PCV-2 was amplified by PCR from PCV-2 YL strains and ligated with pGEM-T vector. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli (E.coli)DH5α. The positive colonies were screened through the white-blue plaque selection. Then the bacteria were cultured in LB medium.The recombiant plasmid was extracted and identified by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion . The ORF2 gene of PCV-2 YL strains was sequenced and then compared with other PCV-2 strains available on GenBank. The correct plasmid was named as pGEM-T-ORF2. The results showed that amplified fragment was 702 bp,encode 234 amino acids and expressed a 28ku protein. The nucleotide identity and amino acids homology of PCV-2 ORF2 were 89.9%-98% and 88.5%-98.3% with other PCV-2 strains available on GenBank.
(2)The ORF2 fragment was obtained from pGEM-T-ORF2 digested with BamHI / XhoI and inserted into plasmid pET-32a digested with tha same enzyme to construct the recombinant expression plasmid pET-32a-ORF2. E.coli competent cell was transformed with pET-32a-ORF2 and induced with IPTG.. The fusion protein was expressed in E.coli and reacted with the positive serum of PCV-2 by Western blot, it showed the expressed protein had fairly good antigenicity.
(3)A pair of primer was designed according to the sequences of the eukaryotic expression vector Bac-to-Bac and the ORF2 of Porcine circovirus type 2. The complete ORF2 fragment was amplified from recombinant plasmid pGEM-T-ORF2 by PCR. The purified ORF2 fragment was digested with XhoI and PstI and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector Bac-to-Bac digested with the same enzymes to construct the recombinant baculovirus BscSC-ORF2. The recombiant capsid protein was effectively expressed on the transfectd insect cell membrane observed with immunofluorescence-confocal microscope. The recombiant virus was obtained by high-speed centrifuge and the recombinant protein was observed on the baculovirus sac membrane by immuno-gold electron microscopy.
(4)Animal immune experiments indicated that the recombinant protein could trigger fairly strong immune response.Neutralization test indicated that sera from mice immuned with the recombinant baculoviruses could effectively neutralize PCV-2 protein.Lymphocyte transformation prove experiment indicated that the recombinant baculoriruses could stimulate stronger cell mediated immune respone.
PCV-2 capsid protein was expressed using baculorirus display system in this study.The reconbinant baculoriruse displaying PCV-2 capsid protein was successfully constructed and established a fundament for preventing PCV-2 infection with the recombinant baculoriruses. The recombinant baculoriruse can be developed a candidate of subunit vaccine for preventing PCV-2 infection.
杆状病毒是一种自然感染昆虫细胞的病毒,该病毒的吸附和侵入细胞的作用与囊膜糖蛋白gp64有关。gp64由N-端信号肽和具有跨膜区、胞质区的成熟蛋白组成。gp64已被开发成病毒表面展示系统以展示各种目的蛋白。将外源基因片段插入病毒衣壳蛋白的信号肽与成熟蛋白之间,经后加工作用信号肽被切除,形成的融合蛋白能稳定地表达在杆状病毒粒子表面,筛选后就可以得到能表达目的蛋白的重组杆状病毒,这种表达方式稳定、可靠,用来开发基因工程疫苗简捷、快速,现在已被广泛地应用到研发和实践。
本研究对杆状病毒展示系统展示PCV-2衣壳蛋白进行了研究,并对展示的蛋白进行了动物免疫试验,获得以下结果:
(1)设计一对特异性引物P1、P2,以提取的PCV-2 YL株DNA为模板,采用PCR方法成功获得了PCV-2 YL株的ORF2基因片段,将该片段胶回收后与pGEM-T载体连接,转化DH5α感受态细胞,经筛选获得阳性克隆,PCR和酶切鉴定正确的质粒测序。测序正确的质粒命名为pGEM-T-ORF2。结果显示目的片段大小为702bp,共编码234个氨基酸,表达的目的蛋白分子质量为28ku。DNAStar软件分析表明,PCV-2 YL株ORF2基因与GenBank中其他的PCV-2毒株的核苷酸同源性在89.9%～98%之间,编码的氨基酸同源性在88.5%～98.3%之间。
(2)将pGEM-T-ORF2质粒和载体pET-32a用BamHI / XhoI双酶切后,连接构建pET-32a-ORF2重组表达质粒。重组质粒转染大肠埃希菌,用IPTG诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE检测表明ORF2在大肠埃希菌中得到表达,Western blot检测证实表达的蛋白能与猪圆环病毒2型阳性血清发生特异性结合。
(3)参考Bac-to-Bac真核表达载体的酶切位点和ORF2基因序列设计一对引物,以pGEM-T-ORF2为模板进行PCR扩增,将回收的扩增产物与Bac-to-Bac真核表达载体分别进行XhoI、PstI双酶切,回收酶切片段并将其连接,构建了重组杆状病毒BscSC-ORF2。用重组病毒感染昆虫细胞后,经免疫荧光-共聚焦显微镜观察,重组衣壳蛋白能有效地表达在昆虫细胞膜上。将培养的病毒高速离心浓缩,经免疫金电子显微镜观察,证明重组蛋白表达在了杆状病毒囊膜上。
(4)用重组杆状病毒免疫小鼠后,中和试验表明,小鼠产生了PCV-2的特异性抗体,抗体的中和效价达到1:12.8;淋巴细胞转化增殖试验表明,重组杆状病毒能诱发机体产生较强的细胞免疫应答。
本研究成功构建了表面展示PCV-2 Cap蛋白的重组杆状病毒,为进一步应用该重组杆状病毒作为亚单位疫苗预防PCV-2的感染奠定了基础。
Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2)is the major pathogen for the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ( PMWS ) and cause exhaustion and death in post-weaning piglets. PCV-2 also is relevant to congenital tremor (CT),porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome(PDNS) and porcine respiratory disease complex(PRDC). PCV-2 can casue immnosuppression in infected piglets. PCV-2 also co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), Porcine parvovirus(PPV) and Pseudorabies virus(PRV) in pig population and cause immune failure of infected pigs which will be followed by the secondary infetions of other pathogens.Hence we can see that PCV-2 infection has already become one of the major pathogens for the pig industry and can cause immeasurable indirect losses.
The genome of PCV-2 is a closed circular single-stranded DNA of about 1 767 bp or 1 768 bp,which consists of two open reading frames(ORF),ORF1 and ORF2.ORF1 encodes virus replication associated protein. ORF2 encodes virus capsid protein(virus structural protein).This structural protein has fairly good immnogenicity,but it has no cross protection between PCV-1 and PCV-2. So a better understanding of the ORF2 proteinof PCV-2 will be very important for the PCV detection and vaccine development.
The baculoviruses are a family of large rod-shaped viruses that naturally only infect the insect cells.The attachment and invasion process of the virus are associated with the envelope glycoproteingp64 which consists of N-terminus signal peptide and maturation protein(including transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain).gp64 has already been developed as the viral surface display system to display various objective proteins. The exogenous gene segment inserted between the signal peptide and the maturation protein.After the post-transcriptional processing,the signal peptide will be cutted off.The new fusion protein will be express steadily on the surface of the virion. After several times of selection,the recombinant baculoviruses with specific protein being expressed can be obtained.This expression pathway is stable and reliable.It is brief and fast when applied to develop genetically engineering vaccines.This technology has been widely applied to design and develop new genetically engineering vaccines.
This sdudy display capsid protein of PCV-2 using baculovirus display system and animal immune experiment about the displayed protein. A conclusions of this study are following:
(1)A pair of specific primers was designed( P1/P2). ORF2 gene of PCV-2 was amplified by PCR from PCV-2 YL strains and ligated with pGEM-T vector. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli (E.coli)DH5α. The positive colonies were screened through the white-blue plaque selection. Then the bacteria were cultured in LB medium.The recombiant plasmid was extracted and identified by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion . The ORF2 gene of PCV-2 YL strains was sequenced and then compared with other PCV-2 strains available on GenBank. The correct plasmid was named as pGEM-T-ORF2. The results showed that amplified fragment was 702 bp,encode 234 amino acids and expressed a 28ku protein. The nucleotide identity and amino acids homology of PCV-2 ORF2 were 89.9%-98% and 88.5%-98.3% with other PCV-2 strains available on GenBank.
(2)The ORF2 fragment was obtained from pGEM-T-ORF2 digested with BamHI / XhoI and inserted into plasmid pET-32a digested with tha same enzyme to construct the recombinant expression plasmid pET-32a-ORF2. E.coli competent cell was transformed with pET-32a-ORF2 and induced with IPTG.. The fusion protein was expressed in E.coli and reacted with the positive serum of PCV-2 by Western blot, it showed the expressed protein had fairly good antigenicity.
(3)A pair of primer was designed according to the sequences of the eukaryotic expression vector Bac-to-Bac and the ORF2 of Porcine circovirus type 2. The complete ORF2 fragment was amplified from recombinant plasmid pGEM-T-ORF2 by PCR. The purified ORF2 fragment was digested with XhoI and PstI and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector Bac-to-Bac digested with the same enzymes to construct the recombinant baculovirus BscSC-ORF2. The recombiant capsid protein was effectively expressed on the transfectd insect cell membrane observed with immunofluorescence-confocal microscope. The recombiant virus was obtained by high-speed centrifuge and the recombinant protein was observed on the baculovirus sac membrane by immuno-gold electron microscopy.
(4)Animal immune experiments indicated that the recombinant protein could trigger fairly strong immune response.Neutralization test indicated that sera from mice immuned with the recombinant baculoviruses could effectively neutralize PCV-2 protein.Lymphocyte transformation prove experiment indicated that the recombinant baculoriruses could stimulate stronger cell mediated immune respone.
PCV-2 capsid protein was expressed using baculorirus display system in this study.The reconbinant baculoriruse displaying PCV-2 capsid protein was successfully constructed and established a fundament for preventing PCV-2 infection with the recombinant baculoriruses. The recombinant baculoriruse can be developed a candidate of subunit vaccine for preventing PCV-2 infection.
引文
曹胜波,陈焕春,肖少波,何启盖,徐引弟,刘军发. 2001.猪环状病毒型的检测方法的建立及应用.华中农业大学学报, 20(1):53-56.
曹胜波,陈焕春,肖少波,赵俊龙,吕建强,钱平. 2002.猪2型圆环病毒豫A株的全基因组克隆与序列分析. 病毒学报, 23(2): 2137-2140.
陈溥言. 2007.兽医传染病学(第五版).北京:中国农业出版社, 231-234.
崔尚金,全滟平,李曦,符芳,姜艳玲,张莉. 2007.猪圆环病毒间接免疫荧光方法的建立.中国预防兽医学报, 29(1):63-66.
董林,王艳萍,沈志强,王金良. 2010.猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白表达及其间接ELISA诊断试剂盒研制.畜牧与兽医,42(7):71-75.
高超,肖冲,高瑞峰,胡桂学. 2010.猪圆环病毒2型ORF2基因原核表达蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立.安徽农业科学,38(32):18224-18226.
花象柏. 1996.对“繁殖障碍型圆环”的病原发病机理的思考.江西畜牧兽医杂志,2: 10-12.
郎洪武,王力,张广川,程君生,宋立.2001.猪圆环病毒分离鉴定及猪断奶多系统衰弱综合征的诊断.中国兽医科技, 31(3):3-4.
郎洪武,张广川,吴发权,张创贵.2000.断奶猪多系统衰弱综合症血清抗体检测.中国兽医科技,30(3):3-5.
芦银华,华修国,陈德胜,黄伟坚,戴亚斌,谈国蕾,陈溥言.2003.猪圆环病毒2型分离毒株全基因组的克隆与序列分析.病毒学报,19(1):42-46.
芦银华,谈国蕾,华修国,陈德胜,陈溥言.2002.应用间接免疫荧光试验检测猪圆环病毒抗体.中国兽医科技,32(8):19-20.
马其国,商绍彬,申会刚. 2008.猪圆环病毒2型诊断技术的研究进展.浙江畜牧兽医, 5: 7-9.
萨姆布鲁克DW,拉塞尔. 2002.分子克隆实验指南(第三版).黄培堂译.北京:科学出版社, 607-609.
王新,郭万柱,徐志文,王印,颜其贵,王小玉,周婷,罗燕. 2006.应用PCR-RFLP方法对四川猪圆环病毒的检测与分型研究.黑龙江畜牧兽医, 6:7-9.
王镇,丁明孝.1998.圆环病毒致病机制及防治的研究进展.畜牧兽医学报,29(5): 385-391.
王忠田,杨汉春. 2002.规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查.中国兽医杂志, 10(38): 3-4.
王忠田,杨汉春,郭鑫. 2002.规模化猪场PCV2感染的流行病学调查.中国兽医杂志, 38 (10):3-6.
王忠田,杨汉春,吕艳丽. 2003.猪圆环病毒II型ORF2基因的克隆与序列分析.动物医学进展, 24 (1): 84-87.
徐娜,李宝玉,娄忠子,柳纪省.2010.猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型的研究进展.生物技术通报, 06:22-26.
周继勇,陈庆新. 2004.猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学分析.中国兽医学报, 1(24): 1-3.
Allan G, Meehan B, Todd D, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Ellis J, Clark EG, Harding J,Espuna E, Botner A, Charreyre C. 1998.Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome.Vet Rec, 42(17):476-468.
Allan GM, Ellis JA.2000. Porcine circoviruses: a reviewr. J Vet Diagn Invest, 12: 3-14.
Allan GM, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Foster JC, Ellis JA, Krakowka SJ, Meehan BM, Adair BM. 1999.Experimental reproduction of severe wasting diseaseby co-infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus.Comp Pathol, 121(1):1-11.
Allan GM, Mc Neilly F, Meehan BM, Kennedy S, Daft B, Clarke EG, Ellis JA, Haines DM, Meehan BM. 1999.Adair BM.solation and characterisation of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndromes in Spain Denmark and Northern Ireland. Vet Microbiol, 66(2): 115-123.
Allan GM, McNeilly E, Kennedy S, Meehan B, Moffett D, Malone F, Ellis J, Krakowka S. 2000.PCV2 associated PDNS in Northern Ireland in 1990.Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Vet Rec, 146(24): 711-712.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Meehan B, McNair I, Walker I, Kennedy S. 2000.Experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentiates PCV2 replication. Arch Virol,145(11):2421-2429.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Daft B, Clarke EG, Ellis JA, Haines DM, Meehan BM, Adair BM. 1998. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,10(1):3-10.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, McNair I, Curran MD, Walker I, Ellis J, Konoby C, Kennedy S, Meehan B. 2000.Absence of evidence for porcine circovirus type 2 in cattle and humans, and lack of seroconversion or lesions in experimentally infected sheep.Arch Virol, 145(4): 853-857.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, Meehan B, Kennedy S, McNair I, Krakowka S, Ellis J. 2001.Association of porcine circovirus 2 with reproductive failure in pigs: a retrospective study. Can Vet J, 42(7): 548-550.
Allan GM, McNeilly F,Meehan BM, Kennedy BS, McNair I., Krakowka S, Ellis J. 1999.Isolation and characterization of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndrome in Spain,Denmark and Northland Ireland. Vet Microbiol, 66(2): 115-123.
Allan GM, Phenix KV, Todd D, McNulty MS. 1994.Some biological and physico-chemical properties of porcine circovirus.Zentralbl Veterinarmed, 41(l): 17-26.
Allan GM, Phenix KV,Todd D, McNulty MS.1994.Some biological and physicochemical properties of porcine circovirus. Zentralbl Veterinarmed, 41(1): 17-26.
Blanchard Ph,MahéD, Cariolet R., Truong C,Dimna ML., Arnauld C, Rose N, Eveno E, Albina E, Madec F,Jestin A. 2003.An ORF2 protein-based ELISA for porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Volume 94, Issue 3, 17 July,94 Pages 183-194.
Blissard GW, Rohrmann GF.1989.Location, sequence transcription mapping, and temporal expression of the gp 64 envelope glycoprotein gene of the Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology, 170(2):537-555.
Blissard GW, Wenz JR. 1992.Baculovirus gp64 envelop glycoprotein is sufficient to mediate pH-dependentm embranefusion.J Virol, 66:6829-6835.
Blissard GW. 1996.Baculovirus-insect cell interactions . Cytotechnology, 20:73 -93.
Borel N, Burgi E, Kiupel M, Stevenson GW, Mittal SK, Pospischil A, Sydler T. 2001.Three cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) due to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in Switzerland.Schweiz Arch Tierheil KDa, 143(5): 249-255.
Borg J,Nevsten P,Wallenberg R, Stenstr?m M, Cardell S,Falkenberg C,Holm C. 2004.Amino-terminal anchored surface display in insect cells and budded baculovirus using the amino-terminal end of neuraminidase.J Biotechnol,11 4:21-30.
Boublik Y, Di Bonito P, Jones IM.2006.Gene transfer : delivery and expression of DNA and RNA. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,298-301.
Boublik Y, Di Bonito P,Jones IM.1995.Eukaryotic virus display: engineering themajor surface glycoprotein of theAutographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AcNPV) for the presentation of foreign proteins on the virus surface. Biotechnology(NY),13(10):1079-1084.
Boulain JC, Charbit A, Hofnung M.1986.Mutagenesis by random linker insertion into the lamB gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet, 205(2):339-348.
Braunagel SC, Summers MD. 1994.Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, PDV, and ECV viral envelopes and nucleocapsids: structural proteins, antigens, lipid and fatty acid profiles .Virology, 202:315-328.
Celera V Jr, Carasova P. 2002.First evidence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection of pigs in the Czech Republic by semi-nested PCR.Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 49(3):155-159.
Chapple SDJ, Jones IM.2002.Non-polar distribution of green fluorescent protein on the surface of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus using a heterologous membrane anchor. J Biotechnol,95:269-275.
Cheung AK. 2003. Transcriptional analysis of porcine circovirus type 2.Virology,305(1):168-180.
Cheung AK. 2009.Homologous recombination within the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup viruses via natural co-infection. Archives of Virology, 154(3): 531-534.
Choi C, Chae C, Clark EG.. 2000.Porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Korean pig: detection of norcine circovirus 2 infection by immuno-histochemistrv and nolvmerase chain reaction.Vet Diagn Invest, 12(2):151-153.
Choi C, Chae C. 2000.Distribution of porcine parvovirus in porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome as shown by in-situ hybridization.Comp Pathol, 123(4):302-305.
Choi C, Chae C. 2001.Colocalization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2 in porcine dermatitis and nephrology syndrome by double-labeling technique.Vet Pathol, 38(4): 436-441.
Choi C, Chae C.1999.In-situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus in pigs with postweaning multisysternic wasting syndrome.Comp Pathol,121(3): 265-270.
Choi J, Stevenson GW, Kiupel M, Harrach B, Anothayanontha L, Kanitz CL, Mittal SK. 2002.Sequence analysis of old and new strains of porcine circovirus associated with congenital tremors in pigs and their comparison with strains involved with postweaning multisysternic wasting syndrome.Can J Vet Res, 6(4):217-224.
Clark E. 1996.Pathology of the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of pigs. Proceedings of the West Canadian Association of Swene Practitioners. 22-25.
Clark EG.1997.Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Proceedings of the American Association of Swine Practitioners. 28th Annual Meeting, Quebec City, Canada,499-501.
Clavijo A, Lin M, Riva J, Mallory M, Lin F, Zhou EM.2001.Development of a competitive ELISA using a truncated E2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus. Res Vet Sci,70(1):1-7.
Cruciere C, Bakkali L,Gonzague M.1991.cDNA Probes for the Detection of Pestiviruses. Arch Virol Suppl, 3:191-197.
Cságola A, Kecskeméti S, Kardos G, Kiss I, Tuboly T. 2006.Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circoviruses detected in Hungarian wild boars. Archives of Virology, 151(3):495-507.
Dable J,Krietsch T,Kaaden OR.1991.Differentiation of pestiviruses by a hog cholera virus-specific genetic probe. Schelp C. Arch Virol Suppl,3:209-215.
Darwich L, Segalés J,Domingo M,Mateu E. 2002.Changes in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD8+, and Immunoglobulin M-Positive Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Affected Pigs and Age-Matched Uninfected Wasted and Healthy Pigs Correlate with Lesions and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Load in Lymphoid Tissues. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 9(2): 236-242.
David C,Carpentiera J, Caroline M,Griffithsa, Linda AK.2008.The baculovirus P10 protein of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus forms two distinct cytoskeletal-like structures and associates with polyhedral occlusion bodies during infection,371 (2):278-291.
Davies AH.1995.Eukaryotic virus display: engineering the major surface glycoprotein of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) for the presentation of foreign proteins on the virus surface.Biotechnology (NY), 13(10):1046.
Drolet R, Larochelle R, Morin M, Delisle B, Magar R. 2003.Detection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and Swine influenza virus in porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia.Vet Pathol, 40(2):143-148.
Edwards, Moennig V, Wensvoort G.1991.the development of an international reference panel of monoclonal antibodies for the differentiation of hog cholera virus from other pestiviruses. Vet Microbiol, 29: 101-108.
Elbers AR, Hunneman WA, Vos JH, Zeeuwen AA; Peperkamp MT; van Exsel AC. 2000.Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands.Vet Rec, 147(11): 311.
Ellis J, Krakowka S, Lairmore M, Haines D, Bratanich A, Clark E, Allan G, Konoby C, Hassard L, Meehan B, Martin K, Harding J, Kennedy S, McNeilly F. 1999. Reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic piglets.J Vet Diagn Invest, 11(1):3-14.
Ellis JA, Bratanich A, Clark EG, Allan G, Meehan B, Haines DM, Harding J, West KH, Krakowka S, Konoby C, Hassard L, Martin K. 2000.Coinfection by porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus in pigs with naturally acquired postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Vet Diagn Invest, 12 (1): 21-27.
Ellis JA, Konoby C, West KH, Allan GM, Krakowka S,McNeilly F, Meehan B, Walker I. 2001.Lack of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 virus in bees and dairy cattle and horses in western Canada. J Vet Can, 42(6): 461-464.
Ellis JA, Wiseman BM, Allan G, Konoby C, Krakowka S, Meehan BM,McNeilly F. 2000.Analysis of seroconversion to porcine circovirus 2 among veterinarians from the United States and Canada.Am Vet Med Assoc, 217(11): 1645-1646.
Ernst W, Grabherr R, Wegner D, Borth N, Grassauer A, Katinger H.1998.Baculovirus surface display:Construction and screening of a eukaryotic epitope library.Nucleic Acids Res,26(7):1718-1723.
Ernst W,Grabherr R,Wegner D, Grassauer A,Katinger HWD.1998.Baculovirus surface display:construction and screening of a eukaryotic epitope library.Nucleic Acids Res, 26 (7):1718-1723.
Ernst W,Schinko T,Spenger A, Oker-Blom C,Grabherr R.2006.Improving baculovirus transduction of mammalian cells by surface display of a RGD-motif. J Biotechnol,126(2):237-240.
Fan HY, Chen HC, Tong TZ, Ju CM, Lu JQ, Huang HL. 2005.The expression of porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2 gene in insect cells and its character. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 21(6):975-978.
Fauquet CM,Bishop DHL,Van Regenmortel MHV.2000.Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Virusese.Seventh report of ICTV.Acedern Press,San Diego, 999-1002.
Faurez F,Dory D,Grasland B, Jestin A. 2009.Replication of porcine circoviruses.Virol J, (6):60.
Federico M, Ranieri V, Giuseppe S, Nicola C, Marianne S, Serena P, Alessandro P. 2010.Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen localisation and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa ssp scrofa) in Italy. European Journal of Wildlife Research,56(5):717-724.
Fenaux M, Halbur PG, Gill M, Toth TE, Meng XJ. 2000.Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in different geographic regions of North America and development of a differential PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to detect and differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2. J Clin Microbiol, 38:2494-2503.
Fengxiong Yue, Shangjin Cui, Chaofan Zhang and Kyoung-Jin Yoon. 2009.A multiplex PCR for rapid and simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in clinical specimens. Virus Genes, 38(3): 392-397.
Franceki RIB,Fauguet CM,Knudson DL, Brown F. 1992.Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Virusese.Fifth report of ICTV,springer Wien New York, 498-499.
Giammarioli M, Pellegrini C, Casciari C, Mario G.2008.Development of a novel hot-start multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. Veterinary Research Communications, 32(3):255-262.
Grabherr R, Ernst W,Doblhoff-Dier O,Sara M, Katinger H.1997.Expression of foreign proteins on the surface of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.Bio Techniques,22:730-735.
Granziero L, Nelboeck P, Bedoucha M, Lanzavecchia A,Reid HH.1997.Baculovirus cDNA libraries for expressing cloning of genes encoding cell-surface antigens.J Immunol.Methods, 203:131-139.
Gresham A, Jackson G, Giles N, Allan G., Mcneilly F, Kennedy S. 2000.PMWS and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome in Great Britain.Vet Rec, 146(5): 143.
Guibinga GH, Friedmann T.2005.Baculovirus gp64-pseudotyped HIV-based lentivirus vectors are stabilized against complement inactivation by codisplay of decay accelerating factor(DAF)or of a gp64-DAF fusion protein.Mol.Ther, 11( 4):645-651.
Hamel AL, Lin LL, Nayar GP.1998.Nucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. J Virol, 72: 5262-5267.
Hamel AL, Lin LL, Sachvie C, Grudeski E, Nayar GP.2000.PCR detection and characterization of type-2 porcine circovirus. Can J Vet Res,64(1):44-52.
Harding J. 1997.Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,preliminary epidemiolog and clinical presentation. Proceedings of the American Association of Swine Practitioners. 503.
Harms PA, Sorden SD, Halbur PG, Bolin SR, Lager KM, Morozov I, Paul PS. 2001.Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Pathol, 38(5): 528-539.
Hofmann C, Sandig V, Jennings G, Rudolph M, Schlag P, Strauss M.1995.Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92:10099-10103.
Huser A, Rudolph M, Hofmann C.2001.Incorporation of decay-accelerating factor into the baculovirus envelope generates complementresistant gene transfer vectors..Nat Biotechnol, 19:451-455.
Johnson CS, Joo HS, Direksin K, Yoon KJ, Choi YK. 2002.Experimental in utero inoculation of late-term swine fetuses with porcine circovirus type 2. J Vet Diagn Invest. 14:507-512.
Kaba SA, Hemmes JC, Lent JW, Vlak JM, Nene V, Musoke AJ, Oers MM. 2003.Baculovirus surface display of Theileria parva p67 antigen preserves the conformation of sporozoite-neutralizing epitopes. Protein engineering, 16(1):73-78.
Keddie BA, Volksnan LE. 1985.Infectivity difference between the two phenotypes of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: Importance of the 64Kenvelope protein .J Gen Viol, 66 :1195-1200.
Kiatipattanasakul-Banlunara W, Tantilertcharoen R, Suzuki K. 2002.Detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of postweaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) pigs in Thailand.Vet Med Sci, 64(5): 449-452.
Kim J, Choi C, Han DU, Chae C. 2001.Simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with PMWS by multiplex PCR. Vet Rec,149(10):304-305.
Kim J, Choi C, Han DU, Chae C. 2001.Simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with PMWS by multiplex PCR.Vet Rec, 149(10):304-305.
Kim J, Han DU, Choi C, Chae C. 2001.Differentiation of porcine circovirus (PCV1 and PCV2) in boar semen using a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction. Virol Methods, 98(l):25-31.
Kim J. Chae C. 2003.Multiplex nested PCR compared with in situ hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Can J Vet Res. 67(2):133-137.
Krakowka S,Ellis J,McNeilly F,Waldner C,Rings DM, Allan G.2007.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection: Induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in the gnotobiotic swine model of PCV2-associated disease. Can Vet J,48(7): 716-724.
Kukkonen SP,Airenne KJ, Marjomaki V,Laitinen OH,Lehtolainen P,Kankaanpaa P,Mahonen AJ,Raty JK,Nordlund HR,Oker-Blom C,Kulomaa MS,Yla-Herttuala S.2003.Baculovirus Capsid Display: A Novel Tool for Transduction Imaging.Mol Ther, 8(5):853-886.
Kumar M,Bradow BP,Zimmerberg J.2003.Large-Scale Production of Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors Using Baculovirus gp64.Hum Gene Ther,14:67-77.
Kyriakis SC, Saoulidis K,Lekkas S,Miliotis ChC,Papoutsis PA,Kennedy S. 2002.The effects of immuno-modulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Comp Pathol, 126(1): 38-46.
Ladekjaer-Mikkelsen AS, Nielsen J, Storgaard T, Botner A, Allan G, McNeilly F. 2001.Transplacental infection with PCV2 associated with reproductive failure in gilt.Vet Rec,148 (24): 759-760.
Langedijk JP, Middel WG, Meloen RH, Kramps JA, de Smit JA.2001.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a virus type-specific peptide based on a subdomain of envelope protein E(rns) for serologic diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine.J Clin Microbiol,39(3):906-912.
Larochelle R, Bielanski A, Muller P, Magar R. 2000.PCR detection and evidence of shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in boar semen.Clin Microbiol, 38(12): 4629-4632.
Larochelle R.1999.Typing of porcine circovirus in clinical specimens by multiplex PCR. Journal of Virological Methods, 80(1): 69-75.
Lindley KM, Su JL, Hodges PK, Wisely GB, Bledsoe RK, Condreay JP, Winegar DA, Hutchins JT, Kost TA.2000.Production of monoclonal antibodies using recombinant baculovirus displaying gp64-fusion proteins.J Immunol Methods, 234(1-2):123-135.
Lindley KM,Su JL,Hodges PK, Wisely GB, Bledsoe RK, Condreay JP, Winegar DA, Hutchins JT, Kost TA.2000.Production of monoclonal antibodies using recombinant baculovirus displaying gp64-fusion proteins.J Immunol.Methods, 234:123-135.
Liu Q, Tikoo SK, Babiuk LA. 2001.Nuclear location of the ORF2 protein encoded by porcine circovirus type 2.Virol, 285(1): 91-99.
Liu Q, Wang L, Phil W, and Lorne A. Babiu k. 2000.Quantitative, Competitive PCR Analysis of Porcine Circovirus DNA in Serum from Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome. J Clin Microbiol,38(9): 3474–3477.
Liu Q, Wang L, Willson P, Babiuk LA. 1990.Quantitative,competitive PCR analysis of porcine circovirus DNA in serum from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Clin Micrnhinl, 38(9):3474-3477.
Liu Q, Willson P, Attoh-Poku S, Babiuk LA. 2001. Bacterial expression of an immunologically reactive PCV2 ORF2 fusion protein. Protein Expr Purif. Feb,21(1):115-120.
Lu L,Ho YK,wang J.2006.Suppression ofporcine arterivirus replication by baculovirus delivered shRNA targeting nucleoprotein. Biochem BiophysResCommun, 340(4):1178-1183.
Lu Y. 2001.Multiplex PCR polymerase chain reaction for detecting porcine circovirus . Chinese Jourmal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 31(9): 8-9.
Lung O, Westenberg M, Vlak JM, et al. 2002.Pseudotyping Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV):Fproteins from groupII NPVs are functionally analogousto AcMNPV gp64.J Viral, 76:5729-5736.
Lung OY,Cruz-Alvarez M,Blissard GW. 2003.Ac23,an envelope fusion protein homolog in the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyedrovirus, is a viral pathogenicity factor.J Virol, 77:328-339.
Lyoo KS, Park YH, Park BK.2001.Prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus from aborted fetuses and pigs with respiratory problems in Korea.Vet Sci, 2(3): 201-207.
Madec F, Eveno E, Morvan P, Hamon L, Blanchard P, Cariolet R, Amenna N, Morvan H, Truong C, Mahe D, Albina E, Jestin A. 2000.Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs inFrance: clinical observations from follow-up studies on affected farms.Livest Prod. Sci, 63(3):223-233.
Magar R,Larochelle R,Thibault S, Lamontagne L. 2000. Experimental transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in weaned pigs: a sequential study. Journal of Comparative Pathology,123(4): 258-269.
Mahe D, Blanchard P, Truong C, Arnauld C, Le Cann P, Cariolet R, Madec F, Albina E, Jestin A. 2000. Differential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes.Gen Virol, 81 (7): 1815-1824.
Mankertz A, Hillenbrand B. 2002.Analysis of transcription of porcine circovirus type 1.Gen Virol, 18(11): 2743-2751.
Mankertz A, Mankertz J, Wolf K, Buhk, HJ. l998.Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus.Gen Virol, 79(2): 381-384.
Mankertz A,Persson F, Mankertz J,BlaessG., BuhkHJ. 1997.Mapping and characterization of the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus.Virol, 71(3):2562-2566.
Mankertz A, Persson F, Mankertz J, Blaess G, Buhk HJ.1997.Mapping and characterization of the original of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. J Virol, 71(3): 2562-2566.
Mankertz J,Buhk HJ, Blaess G. Mankertz A. 1998.Transcription analysis of porcine circovirus (PCV).Virus Genes, 16(3): 267-276.
MankertzA, Hillenbrand B. 2001.Replication of porcine circovirus type I requires two proteins encoded by the viral rep gene.Virology, 79(2): 429-438.
Markovic I, Pulyaeva H, Sokoloff A, Chernomordik LV. 1998.Minimal aggregate size and minimal fusion unit for the first fusion pore of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion.J Cell Biol, 143(5):1155-1166.
McGoldrick A, Bensaude E, Ibata G, Sharp G, Paton DJ. 1999. Closed one-tube reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral RNA with fluorescent probes. J Virol Methods, 79(1): 85-95.
McGoldrick A, Lowings JP, Ibata G, Sands JJ, Belak S, Paton DJ. A novel approach to the detection of classical swine fever virus by RT-PCR with a fluorogenic probe (TaqMan). J Virol Methods, 1998, 72(2): 125-135.
McNeilly F, Allan G M, Foster JC, Adair BM, McNulty MS. 1996.Effect of porcine circovirus infection on porcine alveolar macrophage function.Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 49(4): 295-306.
McNeilly F, McNair I, O'Connor M, Brockbank S, Gilpin D, Lasagna C, Boriosi G, Meehan B, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Allan GM. 2002.Evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs: comparison with virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and the polymerase chain reaction.Vet Diagn Invest, 14(2):106-112.
Meehan BM, Creelan JL, McNulty MS, Todd D.1997. Sequence of porcine circovirus DNA: affinities with plant circoviruses.Gen Virol, 78(1): 221-227.
Meehan BM, McNeilly F, McNair I, Walker I, Ellis JA, Krakowka S, Allan GM. 2001. Isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus 2 from cases of sow abortion and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Arch Virol, 146(4): 835-842.
Meehan BM, McNeilly F, Todd D, Kennedy S, Jewhurst VA, Ellis JA, Hassard LE, Clark EG, Haines DM, Allan GM.1998.Characterization of novel circovirus DNAs associated with wasting syndromes in pigs.Gen Virol, 79(9): 2171-2179.
Morse MA, Marriott AC, Nuttall PA. 1992.The gycoprotein of Thogoto virus is related to the baculovirus glycoprotein gp64.Virology,186:640-646.
Mottershead D,Linden I,Bonsdorff CH, Keinanen K,Oker-Blom C.1997.Baculoviral Display of the Green Fluorencent Protein and Rubella Virus Envelope Proteins.Biochem .Biophys. Res. Commun, 238:717-722.
Mottershead DG,Alfthan K,Ojala K, Takkinen K, Oker-Blom C.2000.Baculoviral display of functional scFv and Synthetic IgG binding domains.Biochim Biophys Res Commun, 27 (5):84-90.
Murphy FA,Fauquet CM,Bishop DHL,Ghabrial SA, Jarvi s AW, Martelli GP,Mayo MA, Summers MD. 1995.Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Virusese.Sixth report of ICTV,springer Wien New York, 507.
Nawagitgul P, Morozov I, Bolin SR, Harms PA, Sorden SD, Paul PS. 2000.Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein.Gen Virol, 81(9): 2281-2287.
Nawagitgul P, Morozov I, Sirinarumitr T, Sorden SD, Paul PS. 2000.Development of probes to differentiate porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in vitro by in situ hybridization.Vet Microbiol, 75(1):83-89.
Nayar GP, Hamel AL, Lin L, Sachvie C, Grudeski E, Spearman G. 1999.Evidence for circovirus in cattle with respiratory disease and from aborted bovine fetuses.Can Vet J, 40(4): 277-278.
Nene V,Inumaru S,McKeever DS,Morzaria, Shaw M, and Musoke A. 1995.Characterization of an insect cell-derived Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine antigen and immunogenicity in cattle.Infect Immun, 63(2):503-508.
Nicholson LJ.Philippe M, Paine AJ,Mann DA, Dolphin CT.2005.RNA interferencemediated in human primary cellsvia recombinantbacu-loviral vectors.MolTher, 11(4):638-644.
Ouardani M,Wilson L, Jette R, Montpetit C, Dea S. 2000.Multiplex PCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses Clin Microbiol, 38(4):1707-1712.
Ovardani M. 1999.Multiplex PCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses. Journal of Clinical Mocrobiolgy, 7(12): 3917-3924.
Paccinarini ML. 2000.Use of PCR identification and incidence of porcine circovirus type2 in routmary field cases. Atli della Soclete Italianadi Patologiaed Allevamento del Suini, 227.
Pearson MN, Groten C, Rohrmann GE.2000.Identification of the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus envelope fusion protein provides evidence for a phylogenetic division of the Baculoviridae.J Virol, 74:6126-6131.
Pearson MN. Rohrmann GF.2002.Transfer, incorporation, and substitution of envelope fusion proteins among members of the Baculoviridae,Orthomyxoviridae,and Metavirida(einsect retrovirus) families.J Virol, 76:5301-5304.
Pogranichnyy RM, Yoon KJ, Harms PA, Swenson SL, Zimmerman JJ, Sorden SD. 2000.Characterization of immune response of young pigs to porcine circovirus type 2 infection.Viral Immunol, 13(2): 143-153.
Pringle C R.1999.Virus Taxonmy at the VI th International Congress of Virology. Sydney, Australia, Arch Virol:144.
Quintana J, Balasch M, Segales J, Rosell C, Domingo M. 2002.Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice.Vet Res, 33(3): 229-237.
Quintana J, Segales J, Rosell C, Calsamiglia M, Rodríguez-Arrioja GM, Chianini F, Folch JM, Maldonado J, Canal M, Plana-Durán J, Domingo M. 2001. Clinical and pathological observations on pigs associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Vet Rec, 149(12): 357-361.
Rahman MM,Gopinathan KP.2003.Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-based surface display system for recombinant proteins. Journal of General Virology,84 (8):2023-2031.
Rahman MM. Gopinathan KP.2003.Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-based surface display system for recombinant proteins. J Gen Virol,84:2023-2031.
Raty JY,Airenne KJ,Marttila AT, Marjomaki V, Hytonen VP,Lehtolainen P,Laitinen OH, Mahonen AJ, Kulomaa MS, Yla-Herttuala S.2004.Enhanced Gene Delivery by Avidin-Displaying Baculovirus.Mol.Ther, 9(2):282-291.
Rinku S GS.2010.Porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred Indian pigs. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 42(3):515-522.
Rischer I, Mields W, Wolff D, Vagt M, Griem W.1986. Studies on epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine circovirus. Arch Virol, 91: 271-276.
Rosell C, Segales J, Domingo M. 2000.Hepatitis and staging of hepatic damage in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2.Vet Pathol, 37(6): 687-692.
Rosell C, Segales J, Plana-DuranJ, Balasch M, Rodríguez-Arrioja GM, Kennedy S, Allan GM, McNeilly F, Latimer KS, Domingo M. 1999.Pathological, immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization studies on natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs.Comp Pathol, 120 (1): 59-78.
Rosell C, Segales J, Ramos-Vara JA, Folch JM, Rodriguez-Arrioja GM, Duran CO,Balasch M, Plana-Duran J, Domingo M. 2000.Identification of porcine circovirus in tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Vet Rec, 146(2): 40-43.
Rosell C, Segales J, Rovira A, Domingo M. 2000.Porcine circovirosis in Spain. Vet Rec, 146 (20): 591-592.
Roy A, Lu CF, Marykwas DL, Lipke PN, Kurjan J. 1991.The AGA1 product is involved in cell surface attachment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion glycoprotein a-agglutinin.Mol Cell Biol, 11(8):4196-4206.
Royer RL. 2001.Susceptibility of porcine circovirus type 2 to commercial and laboratory disinfection. Journal of Swine Health and Production,96(6): 281-284.
Sanchez RE Jr, Nauwynck HJ, McNeilly F, Allan GM, Pensaert MB. 2001.Porcine circovirus 2 infection in swine foetuses inoculated at different stages of gestation. Vet Microbiol. 83(2):169-176.
Segalés J, Alonso F, Rosell C, Pastor J, Chianini F, Campos E, López-Fuertes L, Quintana J, Rodríguez-Arrioja G, Calsamiglia M, Pujols J, Domínguez J, Domingo M. 2001.Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations in pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,81(2): 37-44.
Sirinarumitr T, Morozov I, Nawagitgul P, Sorden SD, Harms PA, Paul PS. 2000.Utilization of a rate enhancement hybridization buffer system for rapid in situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus in cell culture and in tissues of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Vet Diagn Invest, 11(6):562-565.
Sirinarumitr T, Sorden SD, Morozov I, Paul PS. 2001.Double in situ hybridization for simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus (PCV). Vet Diagn Invest, 13(1): 68-71.
Smith GP.1985.Filmentous fusion phgage novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface.Science, 228(4705):1315-1317.
Smyth JA, Weston J, Moffett DA, TODD, D. 2001.Detection of circovirus infection in pigeons by in situ hybridization using cloned DNA probes. Vet Diagn Invest, 13 (6). 475-482.
Spenger A, Grabherr R, Tollner L,Katinger H,Ernst W. 2002.Altering the surface properties of baculovirus Autographa californica NPV by insertional mutagenesis of the envelope protein gp64. Eur J Biochem, 269:4458-4467.
Starkey JL, Chiari EF, Isom HC. 2009.Hepatitis B virus(HBV) specificshorthairpin RNA is capable of reducing the formation ofHBV covalently closed circular(CCC)DNA buthasno effecton established CCC DNA in vitro.J Gen Viro, 90(1):115-126.
Steven WW, Sorin A, Heike H, Peter R, Guido S, Johannes TW, Marie-Luise L, Ulrich ML, Jorg F, Michael B.2006.Optimizing vector application for gene transfer into human hepatoblastoma cells.Pediatric Surgery International, 22(9):733-742.
Stevenson GW, Kiupel M, Mittal SK, Choi J, Latimer KS, Kanitz CL. 2001.Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors. Vet Diagn Invest, 13(1):57-62.
Stevenson GW,Kiupel M,Mittal SK,Choi J,Latimer KS, Kanitz CL.2001.Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circovirus in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors.J Vet DiagnInvest, 13(1):57-62.
Suzuki H, Saitoh H, Suzuki T,Takaku H.2009.Inhibition of influenza virus by baculovirus mediated shRNA. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser(Oxf), 53:287-288.
Suzuki H,Tamai N,Habu Y,Chang MO,Takaku H.2008.Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by baculovirus vector-mediated shorthairpin RNA expression. FEBS Lett, 582(20):3085-3089.
Tam RY,Rowley CN,Petrov I,Zhang T, Afagh, NA, Woo TK, Ben RN.2009.Solution conformation of C-linked antifreeze glycoprotein analogues and modulation ofice recrystallization. JAm Chem Soc,131(43):15745-15753.
Tischer I, Gelderblom H, Vettermann W, Hoch MA. 1982.Very small porcine circovirus with circular ingle-stranded DNA. Nature, 295(7): 64-66.
Tischer I, Rasch R, Tochtermann G.1974.Characterization of papovavirus-and picornavirus-like particles in permanent pig kidney cell lines. I. Abt. Orig, 226:153-167.
Tischer I., Gederblom H., Vettermami WA. 1982.A very small porcine virus with circular single standed DNA. Nature, 295:64-66.
Tisher I, Mields W, Wolff D, Vagt M, Griem W.1986.Studies on epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine circovirus. Arch Virol, 91: 271-276.
Truong C,Mahe D,Blanehard P,Le Dimna M, Madec F, Jestin A., Albina E. 2001.Identification of an immunorelevant ORF2 epitope from porcine circovirus type2 as a serological marker for experimental and natural infection.Arch Virol. 6:1197-1211.
Tyshenko MG,Marc d'Anjou, Davies PL, Peter L,Daugulis Andrew J,Walker Virginia K.2006.Challenges in the expression of disulfide bonded, threonine-rich antifreeze proteins in bacteria and yeast. Protein ExpresPuri,47(1):152-161.
Van Loo ND, Fortunati E, Ehlert E, Rabelink M, Grosveld F, Scholte BJ. 2001.Baculovirus infection of nondividing mammalian cells :mechanisms of entry and nuclear transport of capsids.J Virol, 75:961-970.
VolkmanL E, Summers MD. 1977.Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: Comparitive infectivity of the occluded, alkali-liberated, and nonoccluded forms.J Inverteber Pathol, 30:885-887.
Walker IW, Konoby CA, Jewhurst VA, McNair I, McNeilly F, Meehan BM, Cottrell TS, Ellis JA, Allan GM. 2000.Development and application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2.Vet Diagn Invest, 12(5): 400-405.
West KH,Bystrom JM,Wojnarowicz C, Shantz N, Jacobsen M, Allan GM, Haines DM, Clark EG, Krakowka SJ, McNeilly F, Konoby C, Martin K, Ellis JA. 1999.Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2.Vet Diagn Invest, 11:530-532.
Westenberg M, Wang H, WF IJ, Goldbach RW, Vlak JM, Zuidema D.2002.Furin is involved in baculovirus envelope fusion protein activation.J Virol, 76:178-184.
Whitford M, Stewart S, Kuzio J, Faulkner P. 1989.Identification and sequence analysis of a gene encoding gp67, an abundant envelope glycoprotein of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Virol, 63(3):1393-1399.
Xiao QL, Zhang ZF, Yi YZ, He JL, Wu XF. 2001.Functional analysis of helicase gene promoter and homologous region 3 enhancer in Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 33:525-530.
Xu'ai Lin, Yin Chen, Yongzhu Yi, Zhifang Zhang. 2010.Baculovirus immediately early 1, a mediator for homologous regions enhancer function in trans.Virol J. 7: 32.
Zanotto PM, Kessing BD, Maruniak JE. 1993.Phylogenetic interrelationships among baculoviruses:Evolutionary rates and Host associations.Invertebr Pathol, 62(2): 147-162.
Ziying Y, Lei-Butters D, John F Engelhardt G, Leno H. 2009.Indexing TNF-αgene expression using a gene-targeted reporter cell line. BMC Biology, 7(1):8.
曹胜波,陈焕春,肖少波,赵俊龙,吕建强,钱平. 2002.猪2型圆环病毒豫A株的全基因组克隆与序列分析. 病毒学报, 23(2): 2137-2140.
陈溥言. 2007.兽医传染病学(第五版).北京:中国农业出版社, 231-234.
崔尚金,全滟平,李曦,符芳,姜艳玲,张莉. 2007.猪圆环病毒间接免疫荧光方法的建立.中国预防兽医学报, 29(1):63-66.
董林,王艳萍,沈志强,王金良. 2010.猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白表达及其间接ELISA诊断试剂盒研制.畜牧与兽医,42(7):71-75.
高超,肖冲,高瑞峰,胡桂学. 2010.猪圆环病毒2型ORF2基因原核表达蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立.安徽农业科学,38(32):18224-18226.
花象柏. 1996.对“繁殖障碍型圆环”的病原发病机理的思考.江西畜牧兽医杂志,2: 10-12.
郎洪武,王力,张广川,程君生,宋立.2001.猪圆环病毒分离鉴定及猪断奶多系统衰弱综合征的诊断.中国兽医科技, 31(3):3-4.
郎洪武,张广川,吴发权,张创贵.2000.断奶猪多系统衰弱综合症血清抗体检测.中国兽医科技,30(3):3-5.
芦银华,华修国,陈德胜,黄伟坚,戴亚斌,谈国蕾,陈溥言.2003.猪圆环病毒2型分离毒株全基因组的克隆与序列分析.病毒学报,19(1):42-46.
芦银华,谈国蕾,华修国,陈德胜,陈溥言.2002.应用间接免疫荧光试验检测猪圆环病毒抗体.中国兽医科技,32(8):19-20.
马其国,商绍彬,申会刚. 2008.猪圆环病毒2型诊断技术的研究进展.浙江畜牧兽医, 5: 7-9.
萨姆布鲁克DW,拉塞尔. 2002.分子克隆实验指南(第三版).黄培堂译.北京:科学出版社, 607-609.
王新,郭万柱,徐志文,王印,颜其贵,王小玉,周婷,罗燕. 2006.应用PCR-RFLP方法对四川猪圆环病毒的检测与分型研究.黑龙江畜牧兽医, 6:7-9.
王镇,丁明孝.1998.圆环病毒致病机制及防治的研究进展.畜牧兽医学报,29(5): 385-391.
王忠田,杨汉春. 2002.规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查.中国兽医杂志, 10(38): 3-4.
王忠田,杨汉春,郭鑫. 2002.规模化猪场PCV2感染的流行病学调查.中国兽医杂志, 38 (10):3-6.
王忠田,杨汉春,吕艳丽. 2003.猪圆环病毒II型ORF2基因的克隆与序列分析.动物医学进展, 24 (1): 84-87.
徐娜,李宝玉,娄忠子,柳纪省.2010.猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型的研究进展.生物技术通报, 06:22-26.
周继勇,陈庆新. 2004.猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学分析.中国兽医学报, 1(24): 1-3.
Allan G, Meehan B, Todd D, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Ellis J, Clark EG, Harding J,Espuna E, Botner A, Charreyre C. 1998.Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome.Vet Rec, 42(17):476-468.
Allan GM, Ellis JA.2000. Porcine circoviruses: a reviewr. J Vet Diagn Invest, 12: 3-14.
Allan GM, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Foster JC, Ellis JA, Krakowka SJ, Meehan BM, Adair BM. 1999.Experimental reproduction of severe wasting diseaseby co-infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus.Comp Pathol, 121(1):1-11.
Allan GM, Mc Neilly F, Meehan BM, Kennedy S, Daft B, Clarke EG, Ellis JA, Haines DM, Meehan BM. 1999.Adair BM.solation and characterisation of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndromes in Spain Denmark and Northern Ireland. Vet Microbiol, 66(2): 115-123.
Allan GM, McNeilly E, Kennedy S, Meehan B, Moffett D, Malone F, Ellis J, Krakowka S. 2000.PCV2 associated PDNS in Northern Ireland in 1990.Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Vet Rec, 146(24): 711-712.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Meehan B, McNair I, Walker I, Kennedy S. 2000.Experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentiates PCV2 replication. Arch Virol,145(11):2421-2429.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Daft B, Clarke EG, Ellis JA, Haines DM, Meehan BM, Adair BM. 1998. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,10(1):3-10.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, McNair I, Curran MD, Walker I, Ellis J, Konoby C, Kennedy S, Meehan B. 2000.Absence of evidence for porcine circovirus type 2 in cattle and humans, and lack of seroconversion or lesions in experimentally infected sheep.Arch Virol, 145(4): 853-857.
Allan GM, McNeilly F, Meehan B, Kennedy S, McNair I, Krakowka S, Ellis J. 2001.Association of porcine circovirus 2 with reproductive failure in pigs: a retrospective study. Can Vet J, 42(7): 548-550.
Allan GM, McNeilly F,Meehan BM, Kennedy BS, McNair I., Krakowka S, Ellis J. 1999.Isolation and characterization of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndrome in Spain,Denmark and Northland Ireland. Vet Microbiol, 66(2): 115-123.
Allan GM, Phenix KV, Todd D, McNulty MS. 1994.Some biological and physico-chemical properties of porcine circovirus.Zentralbl Veterinarmed, 41(l): 17-26.
Allan GM, Phenix KV,Todd D, McNulty MS.1994.Some biological and physicochemical properties of porcine circovirus. Zentralbl Veterinarmed, 41(1): 17-26.
Blanchard Ph,MahéD, Cariolet R., Truong C,Dimna ML., Arnauld C, Rose N, Eveno E, Albina E, Madec F,Jestin A. 2003.An ORF2 protein-based ELISA for porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Volume 94, Issue 3, 17 July,94 Pages 183-194.
Blissard GW, Rohrmann GF.1989.Location, sequence transcription mapping, and temporal expression of the gp 64 envelope glycoprotein gene of the Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology, 170(2):537-555.
Blissard GW, Wenz JR. 1992.Baculovirus gp64 envelop glycoprotein is sufficient to mediate pH-dependentm embranefusion.J Virol, 66:6829-6835.
Blissard GW. 1996.Baculovirus-insect cell interactions . Cytotechnology, 20:73 -93.
Borel N, Burgi E, Kiupel M, Stevenson GW, Mittal SK, Pospischil A, Sydler T. 2001.Three cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) due to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in Switzerland.Schweiz Arch Tierheil KDa, 143(5): 249-255.
Borg J,Nevsten P,Wallenberg R, Stenstr?m M, Cardell S,Falkenberg C,Holm C. 2004.Amino-terminal anchored surface display in insect cells and budded baculovirus using the amino-terminal end of neuraminidase.J Biotechnol,11 4:21-30.
Boublik Y, Di Bonito P, Jones IM.2006.Gene transfer : delivery and expression of DNA and RNA. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,298-301.
Boublik Y, Di Bonito P,Jones IM.1995.Eukaryotic virus display: engineering themajor surface glycoprotein of theAutographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AcNPV) for the presentation of foreign proteins on the virus surface. Biotechnology(NY),13(10):1079-1084.
Boulain JC, Charbit A, Hofnung M.1986.Mutagenesis by random linker insertion into the lamB gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet, 205(2):339-348.
Braunagel SC, Summers MD. 1994.Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, PDV, and ECV viral envelopes and nucleocapsids: structural proteins, antigens, lipid and fatty acid profiles .Virology, 202:315-328.
Celera V Jr, Carasova P. 2002.First evidence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection of pigs in the Czech Republic by semi-nested PCR.Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 49(3):155-159.
Chapple SDJ, Jones IM.2002.Non-polar distribution of green fluorescent protein on the surface of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus using a heterologous membrane anchor. J Biotechnol,95:269-275.
Cheung AK. 2003. Transcriptional analysis of porcine circovirus type 2.Virology,305(1):168-180.
Cheung AK. 2009.Homologous recombination within the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup viruses via natural co-infection. Archives of Virology, 154(3): 531-534.
Choi C, Chae C, Clark EG.. 2000.Porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Korean pig: detection of norcine circovirus 2 infection by immuno-histochemistrv and nolvmerase chain reaction.Vet Diagn Invest, 12(2):151-153.
Choi C, Chae C. 2000.Distribution of porcine parvovirus in porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome as shown by in-situ hybridization.Comp Pathol, 123(4):302-305.
Choi C, Chae C. 2001.Colocalization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2 in porcine dermatitis and nephrology syndrome by double-labeling technique.Vet Pathol, 38(4): 436-441.
Choi C, Chae C.1999.In-situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus in pigs with postweaning multisysternic wasting syndrome.Comp Pathol,121(3): 265-270.
Choi J, Stevenson GW, Kiupel M, Harrach B, Anothayanontha L, Kanitz CL, Mittal SK. 2002.Sequence analysis of old and new strains of porcine circovirus associated with congenital tremors in pigs and their comparison with strains involved with postweaning multisysternic wasting syndrome.Can J Vet Res, 6(4):217-224.
Clark E. 1996.Pathology of the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of pigs. Proceedings of the West Canadian Association of Swene Practitioners. 22-25.
Clark EG.1997.Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Proceedings of the American Association of Swine Practitioners. 28th Annual Meeting, Quebec City, Canada,499-501.
Clavijo A, Lin M, Riva J, Mallory M, Lin F, Zhou EM.2001.Development of a competitive ELISA using a truncated E2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus. Res Vet Sci,70(1):1-7.
Cruciere C, Bakkali L,Gonzague M.1991.cDNA Probes for the Detection of Pestiviruses. Arch Virol Suppl, 3:191-197.
Cságola A, Kecskeméti S, Kardos G, Kiss I, Tuboly T. 2006.Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circoviruses detected in Hungarian wild boars. Archives of Virology, 151(3):495-507.
Dable J,Krietsch T,Kaaden OR.1991.Differentiation of pestiviruses by a hog cholera virus-specific genetic probe. Schelp C. Arch Virol Suppl,3:209-215.
Darwich L, Segalés J,Domingo M,Mateu E. 2002.Changes in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD8+, and Immunoglobulin M-Positive Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Affected Pigs and Age-Matched Uninfected Wasted and Healthy Pigs Correlate with Lesions and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Load in Lymphoid Tissues. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 9(2): 236-242.
David C,Carpentiera J, Caroline M,Griffithsa, Linda AK.2008.The baculovirus P10 protein of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus forms two distinct cytoskeletal-like structures and associates with polyhedral occlusion bodies during infection,371 (2):278-291.
Davies AH.1995.Eukaryotic virus display: engineering the major surface glycoprotein of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) for the presentation of foreign proteins on the virus surface.Biotechnology (NY), 13(10):1046.
Drolet R, Larochelle R, Morin M, Delisle B, Magar R. 2003.Detection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and Swine influenza virus in porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia.Vet Pathol, 40(2):143-148.
Edwards, Moennig V, Wensvoort G.1991.the development of an international reference panel of monoclonal antibodies for the differentiation of hog cholera virus from other pestiviruses. Vet Microbiol, 29: 101-108.
Elbers AR, Hunneman WA, Vos JH, Zeeuwen AA; Peperkamp MT; van Exsel AC. 2000.Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands.Vet Rec, 147(11): 311.
Ellis J, Krakowka S, Lairmore M, Haines D, Bratanich A, Clark E, Allan G, Konoby C, Hassard L, Meehan B, Martin K, Harding J, Kennedy S, McNeilly F. 1999. Reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic piglets.J Vet Diagn Invest, 11(1):3-14.
Ellis JA, Bratanich A, Clark EG, Allan G, Meehan B, Haines DM, Harding J, West KH, Krakowka S, Konoby C, Hassard L, Martin K. 2000.Coinfection by porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus in pigs with naturally acquired postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Vet Diagn Invest, 12 (1): 21-27.
Ellis JA, Konoby C, West KH, Allan GM, Krakowka S,McNeilly F, Meehan B, Walker I. 2001.Lack of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 virus in bees and dairy cattle and horses in western Canada. J Vet Can, 42(6): 461-464.
Ellis JA, Wiseman BM, Allan G, Konoby C, Krakowka S, Meehan BM,McNeilly F. 2000.Analysis of seroconversion to porcine circovirus 2 among veterinarians from the United States and Canada.Am Vet Med Assoc, 217(11): 1645-1646.
Ernst W, Grabherr R, Wegner D, Borth N, Grassauer A, Katinger H.1998.Baculovirus surface display:Construction and screening of a eukaryotic epitope library.Nucleic Acids Res,26(7):1718-1723.
Ernst W,Grabherr R,Wegner D, Grassauer A,Katinger HWD.1998.Baculovirus surface display:construction and screening of a eukaryotic epitope library.Nucleic Acids Res, 26 (7):1718-1723.
Ernst W,Schinko T,Spenger A, Oker-Blom C,Grabherr R.2006.Improving baculovirus transduction of mammalian cells by surface display of a RGD-motif. J Biotechnol,126(2):237-240.
Fan HY, Chen HC, Tong TZ, Ju CM, Lu JQ, Huang HL. 2005.The expression of porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2 gene in insect cells and its character. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 21(6):975-978.
Fauquet CM,Bishop DHL,Van Regenmortel MHV.2000.Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Virusese.Seventh report of ICTV.Acedern Press,San Diego, 999-1002.
Faurez F,Dory D,Grasland B, Jestin A. 2009.Replication of porcine circoviruses.Virol J, (6):60.
Federico M, Ranieri V, Giuseppe S, Nicola C, Marianne S, Serena P, Alessandro P. 2010.Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen localisation and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa ssp scrofa) in Italy. European Journal of Wildlife Research,56(5):717-724.
Fenaux M, Halbur PG, Gill M, Toth TE, Meng XJ. 2000.Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in different geographic regions of North America and development of a differential PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to detect and differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2. J Clin Microbiol, 38:2494-2503.
Fengxiong Yue, Shangjin Cui, Chaofan Zhang and Kyoung-Jin Yoon. 2009.A multiplex PCR for rapid and simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in clinical specimens. Virus Genes, 38(3): 392-397.
Franceki RIB,Fauguet CM,Knudson DL, Brown F. 1992.Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Virusese.Fifth report of ICTV,springer Wien New York, 498-499.
Giammarioli M, Pellegrini C, Casciari C, Mario G.2008.Development of a novel hot-start multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. Veterinary Research Communications, 32(3):255-262.
Grabherr R, Ernst W,Doblhoff-Dier O,Sara M, Katinger H.1997.Expression of foreign proteins on the surface of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.Bio Techniques,22:730-735.
Granziero L, Nelboeck P, Bedoucha M, Lanzavecchia A,Reid HH.1997.Baculovirus cDNA libraries for expressing cloning of genes encoding cell-surface antigens.J Immunol.Methods, 203:131-139.
Gresham A, Jackson G, Giles N, Allan G., Mcneilly F, Kennedy S. 2000.PMWS and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome in Great Britain.Vet Rec, 146(5): 143.
Guibinga GH, Friedmann T.2005.Baculovirus gp64-pseudotyped HIV-based lentivirus vectors are stabilized against complement inactivation by codisplay of decay accelerating factor(DAF)or of a gp64-DAF fusion protein.Mol.Ther, 11( 4):645-651.
Hamel AL, Lin LL, Nayar GP.1998.Nucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. J Virol, 72: 5262-5267.
Hamel AL, Lin LL, Sachvie C, Grudeski E, Nayar GP.2000.PCR detection and characterization of type-2 porcine circovirus. Can J Vet Res,64(1):44-52.
Harding J. 1997.Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,preliminary epidemiolog and clinical presentation. Proceedings of the American Association of Swine Practitioners. 503.
Harms PA, Sorden SD, Halbur PG, Bolin SR, Lager KM, Morozov I, Paul PS. 2001.Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Pathol, 38(5): 528-539.
Hofmann C, Sandig V, Jennings G, Rudolph M, Schlag P, Strauss M.1995.Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92:10099-10103.
Huser A, Rudolph M, Hofmann C.2001.Incorporation of decay-accelerating factor into the baculovirus envelope generates complementresistant gene transfer vectors..Nat Biotechnol, 19:451-455.
Johnson CS, Joo HS, Direksin K, Yoon KJ, Choi YK. 2002.Experimental in utero inoculation of late-term swine fetuses with porcine circovirus type 2. J Vet Diagn Invest. 14:507-512.
Kaba SA, Hemmes JC, Lent JW, Vlak JM, Nene V, Musoke AJ, Oers MM. 2003.Baculovirus surface display of Theileria parva p67 antigen preserves the conformation of sporozoite-neutralizing epitopes. Protein engineering, 16(1):73-78.
Keddie BA, Volksnan LE. 1985.Infectivity difference between the two phenotypes of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: Importance of the 64Kenvelope protein .J Gen Viol, 66 :1195-1200.
Kiatipattanasakul-Banlunara W, Tantilertcharoen R, Suzuki K. 2002.Detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of postweaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) pigs in Thailand.Vet Med Sci, 64(5): 449-452.
Kim J, Choi C, Han DU, Chae C. 2001.Simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with PMWS by multiplex PCR. Vet Rec,149(10):304-305.
Kim J, Choi C, Han DU, Chae C. 2001.Simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with PMWS by multiplex PCR.Vet Rec, 149(10):304-305.
Kim J, Han DU, Choi C, Chae C. 2001.Differentiation of porcine circovirus (PCV1 and PCV2) in boar semen using a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction. Virol Methods, 98(l):25-31.
Kim J. Chae C. 2003.Multiplex nested PCR compared with in situ hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Can J Vet Res. 67(2):133-137.
Krakowka S,Ellis J,McNeilly F,Waldner C,Rings DM, Allan G.2007.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection: Induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in the gnotobiotic swine model of PCV2-associated disease. Can Vet J,48(7): 716-724.
Kukkonen SP,Airenne KJ, Marjomaki V,Laitinen OH,Lehtolainen P,Kankaanpaa P,Mahonen AJ,Raty JK,Nordlund HR,Oker-Blom C,Kulomaa MS,Yla-Herttuala S.2003.Baculovirus Capsid Display: A Novel Tool for Transduction Imaging.Mol Ther, 8(5):853-886.
Kumar M,Bradow BP,Zimmerberg J.2003.Large-Scale Production of Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors Using Baculovirus gp64.Hum Gene Ther,14:67-77.
Kyriakis SC, Saoulidis K,Lekkas S,Miliotis ChC,Papoutsis PA,Kennedy S. 2002.The effects of immuno-modulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Comp Pathol, 126(1): 38-46.
Ladekjaer-Mikkelsen AS, Nielsen J, Storgaard T, Botner A, Allan G, McNeilly F. 2001.Transplacental infection with PCV2 associated with reproductive failure in gilt.Vet Rec,148 (24): 759-760.
Langedijk JP, Middel WG, Meloen RH, Kramps JA, de Smit JA.2001.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a virus type-specific peptide based on a subdomain of envelope protein E(rns) for serologic diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine.J Clin Microbiol,39(3):906-912.
Larochelle R, Bielanski A, Muller P, Magar R. 2000.PCR detection and evidence of shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in boar semen.Clin Microbiol, 38(12): 4629-4632.
Larochelle R.1999.Typing of porcine circovirus in clinical specimens by multiplex PCR. Journal of Virological Methods, 80(1): 69-75.
Lindley KM, Su JL, Hodges PK, Wisely GB, Bledsoe RK, Condreay JP, Winegar DA, Hutchins JT, Kost TA.2000.Production of monoclonal antibodies using recombinant baculovirus displaying gp64-fusion proteins.J Immunol Methods, 234(1-2):123-135.
Lindley KM,Su JL,Hodges PK, Wisely GB, Bledsoe RK, Condreay JP, Winegar DA, Hutchins JT, Kost TA.2000.Production of monoclonal antibodies using recombinant baculovirus displaying gp64-fusion proteins.J Immunol.Methods, 234:123-135.
Liu Q, Tikoo SK, Babiuk LA. 2001.Nuclear location of the ORF2 protein encoded by porcine circovirus type 2.Virol, 285(1): 91-99.
Liu Q, Wang L, Phil W, and Lorne A. Babiu k. 2000.Quantitative, Competitive PCR Analysis of Porcine Circovirus DNA in Serum from Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome. J Clin Microbiol,38(9): 3474–3477.
Liu Q, Wang L, Willson P, Babiuk LA. 1990.Quantitative,competitive PCR analysis of porcine circovirus DNA in serum from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Clin Micrnhinl, 38(9):3474-3477.
Liu Q, Willson P, Attoh-Poku S, Babiuk LA. 2001. Bacterial expression of an immunologically reactive PCV2 ORF2 fusion protein. Protein Expr Purif. Feb,21(1):115-120.
Lu L,Ho YK,wang J.2006.Suppression ofporcine arterivirus replication by baculovirus delivered shRNA targeting nucleoprotein. Biochem BiophysResCommun, 340(4):1178-1183.
Lu Y. 2001.Multiplex PCR polymerase chain reaction for detecting porcine circovirus . Chinese Jourmal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 31(9): 8-9.
Lung O, Westenberg M, Vlak JM, et al. 2002.Pseudotyping Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV):Fproteins from groupII NPVs are functionally analogousto AcMNPV gp64.J Viral, 76:5729-5736.
Lung OY,Cruz-Alvarez M,Blissard GW. 2003.Ac23,an envelope fusion protein homolog in the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyedrovirus, is a viral pathogenicity factor.J Virol, 77:328-339.
Lyoo KS, Park YH, Park BK.2001.Prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus from aborted fetuses and pigs with respiratory problems in Korea.Vet Sci, 2(3): 201-207.
Madec F, Eveno E, Morvan P, Hamon L, Blanchard P, Cariolet R, Amenna N, Morvan H, Truong C, Mahe D, Albina E, Jestin A. 2000.Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs inFrance: clinical observations from follow-up studies on affected farms.Livest Prod. Sci, 63(3):223-233.
Magar R,Larochelle R,Thibault S, Lamontagne L. 2000. Experimental transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in weaned pigs: a sequential study. Journal of Comparative Pathology,123(4): 258-269.
Mahe D, Blanchard P, Truong C, Arnauld C, Le Cann P, Cariolet R, Madec F, Albina E, Jestin A. 2000. Differential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes.Gen Virol, 81 (7): 1815-1824.
Mankertz A, Hillenbrand B. 2002.Analysis of transcription of porcine circovirus type 1.Gen Virol, 18(11): 2743-2751.
Mankertz A, Mankertz J, Wolf K, Buhk, HJ. l998.Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus.Gen Virol, 79(2): 381-384.
Mankertz A,Persson F, Mankertz J,BlaessG., BuhkHJ. 1997.Mapping and characterization of the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus.Virol, 71(3):2562-2566.
Mankertz A, Persson F, Mankertz J, Blaess G, Buhk HJ.1997.Mapping and characterization of the original of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. J Virol, 71(3): 2562-2566.
Mankertz J,Buhk HJ, Blaess G. Mankertz A. 1998.Transcription analysis of porcine circovirus (PCV).Virus Genes, 16(3): 267-276.
MankertzA, Hillenbrand B. 2001.Replication of porcine circovirus type I requires two proteins encoded by the viral rep gene.Virology, 79(2): 429-438.
Markovic I, Pulyaeva H, Sokoloff A, Chernomordik LV. 1998.Minimal aggregate size and minimal fusion unit for the first fusion pore of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion.J Cell Biol, 143(5):1155-1166.
McGoldrick A, Bensaude E, Ibata G, Sharp G, Paton DJ. 1999. Closed one-tube reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral RNA with fluorescent probes. J Virol Methods, 79(1): 85-95.
McGoldrick A, Lowings JP, Ibata G, Sands JJ, Belak S, Paton DJ. A novel approach to the detection of classical swine fever virus by RT-PCR with a fluorogenic probe (TaqMan). J Virol Methods, 1998, 72(2): 125-135.
McNeilly F, Allan G M, Foster JC, Adair BM, McNulty MS. 1996.Effect of porcine circovirus infection on porcine alveolar macrophage function.Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 49(4): 295-306.
McNeilly F, McNair I, O'Connor M, Brockbank S, Gilpin D, Lasagna C, Boriosi G, Meehan B, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Allan GM. 2002.Evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs: comparison with virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and the polymerase chain reaction.Vet Diagn Invest, 14(2):106-112.
Meehan BM, Creelan JL, McNulty MS, Todd D.1997. Sequence of porcine circovirus DNA: affinities with plant circoviruses.Gen Virol, 78(1): 221-227.
Meehan BM, McNeilly F, McNair I, Walker I, Ellis JA, Krakowka S, Allan GM. 2001. Isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus 2 from cases of sow abortion and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Arch Virol, 146(4): 835-842.
Meehan BM, McNeilly F, Todd D, Kennedy S, Jewhurst VA, Ellis JA, Hassard LE, Clark EG, Haines DM, Allan GM.1998.Characterization of novel circovirus DNAs associated with wasting syndromes in pigs.Gen Virol, 79(9): 2171-2179.
Morse MA, Marriott AC, Nuttall PA. 1992.The gycoprotein of Thogoto virus is related to the baculovirus glycoprotein gp64.Virology,186:640-646.
Mottershead D,Linden I,Bonsdorff CH, Keinanen K,Oker-Blom C.1997.Baculoviral Display of the Green Fluorencent Protein and Rubella Virus Envelope Proteins.Biochem .Biophys. Res. Commun, 238:717-722.
Mottershead DG,Alfthan K,Ojala K, Takkinen K, Oker-Blom C.2000.Baculoviral display of functional scFv and Synthetic IgG binding domains.Biochim Biophys Res Commun, 27 (5):84-90.
Murphy FA,Fauquet CM,Bishop DHL,Ghabrial SA, Jarvi s AW, Martelli GP,Mayo MA, Summers MD. 1995.Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Virusese.Sixth report of ICTV,springer Wien New York, 507.
Nawagitgul P, Morozov I, Bolin SR, Harms PA, Sorden SD, Paul PS. 2000.Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein.Gen Virol, 81(9): 2281-2287.
Nawagitgul P, Morozov I, Sirinarumitr T, Sorden SD, Paul PS. 2000.Development of probes to differentiate porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in vitro by in situ hybridization.Vet Microbiol, 75(1):83-89.
Nayar GP, Hamel AL, Lin L, Sachvie C, Grudeski E, Spearman G. 1999.Evidence for circovirus in cattle with respiratory disease and from aborted bovine fetuses.Can Vet J, 40(4): 277-278.
Nene V,Inumaru S,McKeever DS,Morzaria, Shaw M, and Musoke A. 1995.Characterization of an insect cell-derived Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine antigen and immunogenicity in cattle.Infect Immun, 63(2):503-508.
Nicholson LJ.Philippe M, Paine AJ,Mann DA, Dolphin CT.2005.RNA interferencemediated in human primary cellsvia recombinantbacu-loviral vectors.MolTher, 11(4):638-644.
Ouardani M,Wilson L, Jette R, Montpetit C, Dea S. 2000.Multiplex PCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses Clin Microbiol, 38(4):1707-1712.
Ovardani M. 1999.Multiplex PCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses. Journal of Clinical Mocrobiolgy, 7(12): 3917-3924.
Paccinarini ML. 2000.Use of PCR identification and incidence of porcine circovirus type2 in routmary field cases. Atli della Soclete Italianadi Patologiaed Allevamento del Suini, 227.
Pearson MN, Groten C, Rohrmann GE.2000.Identification of the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus envelope fusion protein provides evidence for a phylogenetic division of the Baculoviridae.J Virol, 74:6126-6131.
Pearson MN. Rohrmann GF.2002.Transfer, incorporation, and substitution of envelope fusion proteins among members of the Baculoviridae,Orthomyxoviridae,and Metavirida(einsect retrovirus) families.J Virol, 76:5301-5304.
Pogranichnyy RM, Yoon KJ, Harms PA, Swenson SL, Zimmerman JJ, Sorden SD. 2000.Characterization of immune response of young pigs to porcine circovirus type 2 infection.Viral Immunol, 13(2): 143-153.
Pringle C R.1999.Virus Taxonmy at the VI th International Congress of Virology. Sydney, Australia, Arch Virol:144.
Quintana J, Balasch M, Segales J, Rosell C, Domingo M. 2002.Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice.Vet Res, 33(3): 229-237.
Quintana J, Segales J, Rosell C, Calsamiglia M, Rodríguez-Arrioja GM, Chianini F, Folch JM, Maldonado J, Canal M, Plana-Durán J, Domingo M. 2001. Clinical and pathological observations on pigs associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Vet Rec, 149(12): 357-361.
Rahman MM,Gopinathan KP.2003.Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-based surface display system for recombinant proteins. Journal of General Virology,84 (8):2023-2031.
Rahman MM. Gopinathan KP.2003.Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-based surface display system for recombinant proteins. J Gen Virol,84:2023-2031.
Raty JY,Airenne KJ,Marttila AT, Marjomaki V, Hytonen VP,Lehtolainen P,Laitinen OH, Mahonen AJ, Kulomaa MS, Yla-Herttuala S.2004.Enhanced Gene Delivery by Avidin-Displaying Baculovirus.Mol.Ther, 9(2):282-291.
Rinku S GS.2010.Porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred Indian pigs. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 42(3):515-522.
Rischer I, Mields W, Wolff D, Vagt M, Griem W.1986. Studies on epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine circovirus. Arch Virol, 91: 271-276.
Rosell C, Segales J, Domingo M. 2000.Hepatitis and staging of hepatic damage in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2.Vet Pathol, 37(6): 687-692.
Rosell C, Segales J, Plana-DuranJ, Balasch M, Rodríguez-Arrioja GM, Kennedy S, Allan GM, McNeilly F, Latimer KS, Domingo M. 1999.Pathological, immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization studies on natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs.Comp Pathol, 120 (1): 59-78.
Rosell C, Segales J, Ramos-Vara JA, Folch JM, Rodriguez-Arrioja GM, Duran CO,Balasch M, Plana-Duran J, Domingo M. 2000.Identification of porcine circovirus in tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Vet Rec, 146(2): 40-43.
Rosell C, Segales J, Rovira A, Domingo M. 2000.Porcine circovirosis in Spain. Vet Rec, 146 (20): 591-592.
Roy A, Lu CF, Marykwas DL, Lipke PN, Kurjan J. 1991.The AGA1 product is involved in cell surface attachment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion glycoprotein a-agglutinin.Mol Cell Biol, 11(8):4196-4206.
Royer RL. 2001.Susceptibility of porcine circovirus type 2 to commercial and laboratory disinfection. Journal of Swine Health and Production,96(6): 281-284.
Sanchez RE Jr, Nauwynck HJ, McNeilly F, Allan GM, Pensaert MB. 2001.Porcine circovirus 2 infection in swine foetuses inoculated at different stages of gestation. Vet Microbiol. 83(2):169-176.
Segalés J, Alonso F, Rosell C, Pastor J, Chianini F, Campos E, López-Fuertes L, Quintana J, Rodríguez-Arrioja G, Calsamiglia M, Pujols J, Domínguez J, Domingo M. 2001.Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations in pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,81(2): 37-44.
Sirinarumitr T, Morozov I, Nawagitgul P, Sorden SD, Harms PA, Paul PS. 2000.Utilization of a rate enhancement hybridization buffer system for rapid in situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus in cell culture and in tissues of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.Vet Diagn Invest, 11(6):562-565.
Sirinarumitr T, Sorden SD, Morozov I, Paul PS. 2001.Double in situ hybridization for simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus (PCV). Vet Diagn Invest, 13(1): 68-71.
Smith GP.1985.Filmentous fusion phgage novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface.Science, 228(4705):1315-1317.
Smyth JA, Weston J, Moffett DA, TODD, D. 2001.Detection of circovirus infection in pigeons by in situ hybridization using cloned DNA probes. Vet Diagn Invest, 13 (6). 475-482.
Spenger A, Grabherr R, Tollner L,Katinger H,Ernst W. 2002.Altering the surface properties of baculovirus Autographa californica NPV by insertional mutagenesis of the envelope protein gp64. Eur J Biochem, 269:4458-4467.
Starkey JL, Chiari EF, Isom HC. 2009.Hepatitis B virus(HBV) specificshorthairpin RNA is capable of reducing the formation ofHBV covalently closed circular(CCC)DNA buthasno effecton established CCC DNA in vitro.J Gen Viro, 90(1):115-126.
Steven WW, Sorin A, Heike H, Peter R, Guido S, Johannes TW, Marie-Luise L, Ulrich ML, Jorg F, Michael B.2006.Optimizing vector application for gene transfer into human hepatoblastoma cells.Pediatric Surgery International, 22(9):733-742.
Stevenson GW, Kiupel M, Mittal SK, Choi J, Latimer KS, Kanitz CL. 2001.Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors. Vet Diagn Invest, 13(1):57-62.
Stevenson GW,Kiupel M,Mittal SK,Choi J,Latimer KS, Kanitz CL.2001.Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circovirus in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors.J Vet DiagnInvest, 13(1):57-62.
Suzuki H, Saitoh H, Suzuki T,Takaku H.2009.Inhibition of influenza virus by baculovirus mediated shRNA. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser(Oxf), 53:287-288.
Suzuki H,Tamai N,Habu Y,Chang MO,Takaku H.2008.Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by baculovirus vector-mediated shorthairpin RNA expression. FEBS Lett, 582(20):3085-3089.
Tam RY,Rowley CN,Petrov I,Zhang T, Afagh, NA, Woo TK, Ben RN.2009.Solution conformation of C-linked antifreeze glycoprotein analogues and modulation ofice recrystallization. JAm Chem Soc,131(43):15745-15753.
Tischer I, Gelderblom H, Vettermann W, Hoch MA. 1982.Very small porcine circovirus with circular ingle-stranded DNA. Nature, 295(7): 64-66.
Tischer I, Rasch R, Tochtermann G.1974.Characterization of papovavirus-and picornavirus-like particles in permanent pig kidney cell lines. I. Abt. Orig, 226:153-167.
Tischer I., Gederblom H., Vettermami WA. 1982.A very small porcine virus with circular single standed DNA. Nature, 295:64-66.
Tisher I, Mields W, Wolff D, Vagt M, Griem W.1986.Studies on epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine circovirus. Arch Virol, 91: 271-276.
Truong C,Mahe D,Blanehard P,Le Dimna M, Madec F, Jestin A., Albina E. 2001.Identification of an immunorelevant ORF2 epitope from porcine circovirus type2 as a serological marker for experimental and natural infection.Arch Virol. 6:1197-1211.
Tyshenko MG,Marc d'Anjou, Davies PL, Peter L,Daugulis Andrew J,Walker Virginia K.2006.Challenges in the expression of disulfide bonded, threonine-rich antifreeze proteins in bacteria and yeast. Protein ExpresPuri,47(1):152-161.
Van Loo ND, Fortunati E, Ehlert E, Rabelink M, Grosveld F, Scholte BJ. 2001.Baculovirus infection of nondividing mammalian cells :mechanisms of entry and nuclear transport of capsids.J Virol, 75:961-970.
VolkmanL E, Summers MD. 1977.Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: Comparitive infectivity of the occluded, alkali-liberated, and nonoccluded forms.J Inverteber Pathol, 30:885-887.
Walker IW, Konoby CA, Jewhurst VA, McNair I, McNeilly F, Meehan BM, Cottrell TS, Ellis JA, Allan GM. 2000.Development and application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2.Vet Diagn Invest, 12(5): 400-405.
West KH,Bystrom JM,Wojnarowicz C, Shantz N, Jacobsen M, Allan GM, Haines DM, Clark EG, Krakowka SJ, McNeilly F, Konoby C, Martin K, Ellis JA. 1999.Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2.Vet Diagn Invest, 11:530-532.
Westenberg M, Wang H, WF IJ, Goldbach RW, Vlak JM, Zuidema D.2002.Furin is involved in baculovirus envelope fusion protein activation.J Virol, 76:178-184.
Whitford M, Stewart S, Kuzio J, Faulkner P. 1989.Identification and sequence analysis of a gene encoding gp67, an abundant envelope glycoprotein of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Virol, 63(3):1393-1399.
Xiao QL, Zhang ZF, Yi YZ, He JL, Wu XF. 2001.Functional analysis of helicase gene promoter and homologous region 3 enhancer in Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 33:525-530.
Xu'ai Lin, Yin Chen, Yongzhu Yi, Zhifang Zhang. 2010.Baculovirus immediately early 1, a mediator for homologous regions enhancer function in trans.Virol J. 7: 32.
Zanotto PM, Kessing BD, Maruniak JE. 1993.Phylogenetic interrelationships among baculoviruses:Evolutionary rates and Host associations.Invertebr Pathol, 62(2): 147-162.
Ziying Y, Lei-Butters D, John F Engelhardt G, Leno H. 2009.Indexing TNF-αgene expression using a gene-targeted reporter cell line. BMC Biology, 7(1):8.