浅层岩壁预冷入风流热湿交换机理的研究
|
摘要
随着矿井开采深度的增加和采掘机械化程度的不断提高,深井高温热害已经成为制约地下矿山安全生产的重大问题之一,井下高温环境严重地威胁着矿井的安全生产和矿工的身心健康,而且还降低了工人的劳动生产率、影响矿山企业的经济效益。因此调节和改善矿井气候条件开展井下降温研究已成为矿井安全生产中的一个重要课题。
本文较为详细地介绍了包括通风降温、人工制冷降温、低温岩层预冷、个体防护等矿井降温的诸多措施。总结了国内外在井下风流热湿交换理论方面的研究现状和发展水平,分析了有关理论上存在的问题。根据风流与井巷岩壁之间热湿交换原理,导出了适应面较宽的热湿交换模型,既描述了风流在同一水平状态下流动时与巷道壁的热湿交换,又描述了风流竖直和倾斜流动时与井巷岩壁的热湿交换过程。
利用自主研制的温度测试装置测定出原始岩温和巷道壁面的实际温度,获得了金洲矿业集团金青顶矿区的地温分布规律,经过浅层废弃井巷预冷后的入风流,到达井下工作面入风流温度保持在27℃以下。结合矿山实际情况,利用低温岩层的自然能量(蓄冷量)预冷矿井入风流,实现了对矿井入风流降温的目的。本文着重从井下入风流的温度和湿度两种主要参数变化规律研究了矿内的热湿环境,绘制出温度和湿度的特性曲线,分析了影响井下热环境的主要因素。
针对金洲矿业集团金青顶矿区矿井通风系统具体情况设计出了用于入风流预冷的废旧井巷预冷系统,利用所建立的热湿交换模型开展了井下入风流低温岩层预冷降温的应用研究,获得了较好的预冷效果。
As mining depth and degree of excavation mechanization increase, mine high-temperature hazards have been one of the problems that restrict the mine production security. As the result of high-temperature hazards, the environment of high temperature and humidity inside mines not only causes danger for the physical health of the miners, safety and production risk, but also reduces the labor productivity of the workers and affects the economic benefit of mines. Therefore regulating and improving the weather conditions have become an important topic of the mine safe production.
This paper also present a detailed description of many deep well cooling measures, including ventilation cooling, artificial refrigeration cooling, and individual protection. The domestic and international research status and development level on the air temperature prediction theory and analyzes some problems surviving in this area are summed up. According to heat or moisture conversion principle, the heat or moisture exchange prediction model between tunnel and airflow is derived, and then the heat or moisture exchange model between tunnel and airflow is established when the airflow flows vertically and decliningly.
To use manufacturing temperature measuring device, original rock temperature and rock-wall temperature are measured and the distributing disciplination of Jinqingding mining area are acquired in Jinzhou Group. Temperature of intake air precooled by superficial laneway is below 27℃at the bottom of the well. Its purpose is to make use of natural energy (storage capacity) in low-temperature rock to precool inlet airflow, and lower the temperature of airflow. This paper makes a study of the changing regularity of temperature and moisture of intake air in mines to emphasize, drows out performance curve of temperature and moisture, and analyzes principle influence factors of mine thermal enviorment.
Contrary to specific conditions of ventilation system in Jinqingding Mining area of Jinzhou Mining Group, it takes advantage of heat and moisture exchange model established to develop the application of precooling airflow through low-temperature rock.
本文较为详细地介绍了包括通风降温、人工制冷降温、低温岩层预冷、个体防护等矿井降温的诸多措施。总结了国内外在井下风流热湿交换理论方面的研究现状和发展水平,分析了有关理论上存在的问题。根据风流与井巷岩壁之间热湿交换原理,导出了适应面较宽的热湿交换模型,既描述了风流在同一水平状态下流动时与巷道壁的热湿交换,又描述了风流竖直和倾斜流动时与井巷岩壁的热湿交换过程。
利用自主研制的温度测试装置测定出原始岩温和巷道壁面的实际温度,获得了金洲矿业集团金青顶矿区的地温分布规律,经过浅层废弃井巷预冷后的入风流,到达井下工作面入风流温度保持在27℃以下。结合矿山实际情况,利用低温岩层的自然能量(蓄冷量)预冷矿井入风流,实现了对矿井入风流降温的目的。本文着重从井下入风流的温度和湿度两种主要参数变化规律研究了矿内的热湿环境,绘制出温度和湿度的特性曲线,分析了影响井下热环境的主要因素。
针对金洲矿业集团金青顶矿区矿井通风系统具体情况设计出了用于入风流预冷的废旧井巷预冷系统,利用所建立的热湿交换模型开展了井下入风流低温岩层预冷降温的应用研究,获得了较好的预冷效果。
As mining depth and degree of excavation mechanization increase, mine high-temperature hazards have been one of the problems that restrict the mine production security. As the result of high-temperature hazards, the environment of high temperature and humidity inside mines not only causes danger for the physical health of the miners, safety and production risk, but also reduces the labor productivity of the workers and affects the economic benefit of mines. Therefore regulating and improving the weather conditions have become an important topic of the mine safe production.
This paper also present a detailed description of many deep well cooling measures, including ventilation cooling, artificial refrigeration cooling, and individual protection. The domestic and international research status and development level on the air temperature prediction theory and analyzes some problems surviving in this area are summed up. According to heat or moisture conversion principle, the heat or moisture exchange prediction model between tunnel and airflow is derived, and then the heat or moisture exchange model between tunnel and airflow is established when the airflow flows vertically and decliningly.
To use manufacturing temperature measuring device, original rock temperature and rock-wall temperature are measured and the distributing disciplination of Jinqingding mining area are acquired in Jinzhou Group. Temperature of intake air precooled by superficial laneway is below 27℃at the bottom of the well. Its purpose is to make use of natural energy (storage capacity) in low-temperature rock to precool inlet airflow, and lower the temperature of airflow. This paper makes a study of the changing regularity of temperature and moisture of intake air in mines to emphasize, drows out performance curve of temperature and moisture, and analyzes principle influence factors of mine thermal enviorment.
Contrary to specific conditions of ventilation system in Jinqingding Mining area of Jinzhou Mining Group, it takes advantage of heat and moisture exchange model established to develop the application of precooling airflow through low-temperature rock.
引文
1.余恒昌.矿山地热与热害治理[Mr].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991.
2.[苏]A.H.舍尔巴尼.矿井降温指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1982.
3.吕品.矿井热害的调查与防治[J].中国煤炭,2002,(7):38-40.
4.曹光保.矿井热害及防治[J].勘探安全,2000,(3):45-46.
5.彭担任.温矿井热害的防治[J].矿业安全与环保,1999,(6):45-47.
6.Greuer,R.E.Real-time Precalculation of the Distribution of Combustion Products and Other Contaminants in the Ventilation System of Mines,US BuMines-OFR-2282,P-B82-183104,1982.
7.岑衍强.矿内热环境工程[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1989.
8.约阿希姆·福斯,刘从孝译.矿井气候[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.
9.胡春胜.中国煤矿中的热环境和空调[J].Colliery Guardian,1991.
10.李振顶,彭辉仕.矿井热害的治理方法及效果[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,(1):22-24.
11.彭担任,隋金峰,王占国.通风降温防治采面热害[J].劳动保护科学技术.1998,(5):41-42.
12.王文,桂祥友,王国君.矿井热害的治理[J].矿业安全与环保,2002,(3):31-33.
13.王克喜.永城矿区井下热害防治措施[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,(4):14-16.
14.Voss,J.Prediction of climate in production workings[J].Gluckauf 107,412-418.
15.梁尤平,黄伯儒,任毓春等.矿井热害分类治理[J].煤炭科学技术,1998,(7):4-6.
16.胡桃元,吴福根,吴中立.姚桥矿井下热源分析及热害防治[J].淮南矿业学院学报,1995,(2):36-43.
17.陈国新,李红阳,杨德源.梧桐庄矿首采区热状况预测及热害综合治理措施[J].煤矿安全,2002,(11):29-31.
18.孙艳玲,桂祥友.煤矿热害及其治理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(增刊)35-37.
19.Jay.N.Fairbank and Richhand G.Robinson.Interpretation of the State of a Mine Fire by Computer Preceeding of the First Conference[J].On Use of Computer in the Coal Industry,New York,1983.
20.Voss,J.Mine climate in mechanised drivages and its determination by advanced calculation [J].Ventilation in the Coalminesof the European Communities,Vol.Colliery Guardi- an,pp.285-305.
21.李振顶,彭辉仕.矿井降温在掘进巷道内的应用[J].煤矿安全,2001,(3):12-13.
22.李孜军,吴超,周勃.独头工作面通风降温新方法及效果分析[J].金属矿山,2002,(1):51-53.
23.Bise.CJ,Virtual reality,emerging technology for training of miners[J],Mining Eng.1997(1),37-41.
24.刘忠宝,王浚,张书学.高温矿井降温空调的概况及进展[J].真空与低温,2002,(3):130-135.
25.乔华,王景刚,张子平.深井降温冰冷却系统融冰及技术经济分析研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25:122.
26.Hall E,Timko R.Determining the accuracy of instruments capable of measuring low air velocities[J].Proceedings of the 2005 Society of Mining Engineers Annual Meeting.Salt Lake City,UT,USA,2005.
27.黄伯儒,陈遂斋,邓铠清.矿用无氟制冷机的研制与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,1995,23(10):13.
28.Karimipanah T,Awbi HB.Theoretical and experimental investigation of impinging jet ventilation and comparison with wall displacement ventilation[J].Building and Environment 2002,37/12:1329-42.
29.王景刚,乔华,冯如彬.深井降温冷却水系统的应用[J].暖通空调,2000,30(4):76.
30.王景刚,乔华,冯如彬等.深井降温的技术经济分析[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2000,17(1):23.
31.秦钢,李敏,程尔玺等.空气制冷机[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.6.
32.吴中立.矿井通风与安全[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989.
33.王隆平.矿井降温与制冷[M].泰安:山东矿业学院,1989.
34.张素芬.矿井通风降温的有效性与局限性[J].煤炭安全,1992,7.
35.邱世武.深井开采的通风和空气调节[J].淮煤科技,1989,1.
36.王省身.矿井灾害防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业学院出版社,1986.
37.赵以蕙.矿井通风与空气调节[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.
38.Hartman H L.Mine Ventilation and Conditioning[J].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1982.
39.White C C.A Survey on the Integration of Decision Analysis and Expert Systems for Decision Support.IEEE Transactions on SMC,1990,20(2):358-364.
40.Bjcvan Der Wekken,Rjm Vangerwen.Development of an air Cycle plant[C],19th International Congress of Refrigeration 1995 Proceedings Volume Ⅳb,1995.1037.
41.Holder DM,Brown I,Gihiel A J.The effects of water icing on the performance of open air cycle systems-problems and solutions[C],19th International Congress of Refrigeration 1995 Proceedings Volume Ⅲb,1995,845.
42.胡军华.高温深矿井风流热湿交换及配风量的计算[D].山东科技大学,2004.
43.陈平.高温矿井热湿计算与空调新技术的研究[D].山东泰安:山东矿业学院,1999.
44.Twort C.T.,Lowndes I.S.,Pickering S.J.An application of thermal exergy analysis to the development of mine cooling systems.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part C:Mechanical Engineering Science,Vol.216.
45.高建良,张学博.潮湿巷道风流温度及湿度计算方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(6):114-119.
46.Xie Xianping.A analysis of mine ventilation network using genetic algorithm[J].Beijing:Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000.
47.Liu Zegong.Method of branch airflow for calculating a complicated mine ventilation networks[J].China:Journal of Coal Science&Engeneering,2001.
48.王志军.高温矿井地温分布规律及其评价系统研究[D].山东科技大学,2006.
49.Kocsis C.K.,Hardcastle S.G.Maintaining a healthy environment for the mining machinery in an automated underground metal mine[J].Proceedings of the 2001 SME Annual General Meeting,Denver,Colorado,February 2001.
50.候祺棕,沈伯雄.井巷围岩与风流间热湿交换的温湿预测模型[J].武汉工业大学学报,1997,19(3):123-126.
51.侯棋棕.调热圈水力半径及其温度场的数值解计算模型[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1997,(1):9-16.
52.Ross A.J.,Tuck M.A.,Stokes M.R.,Lowndes I.S.Computer simulation of climatic conditions in rapid development drivages[J].Proceedingsof 6th International Mine Ventilation Congress,SME,Littleton,CO,pp.283-288.
53.旺峰,王雷,于宝海等.高温矿井风流热力参数测定及其变化规律和热湿源的分析[J].煤矿现代化,2004,60:51-53.
54.秦跃平,秦凤华,徐国峰等.制冷降温掘进工作面的风温预测及需冷量计算[J].煤炭学报,1998,(6).
55.Kertikov V.Air temperature and humidity in dead-end headings with auxiliary ventilation [J].Proceedings of 6th International Mine Ventilation Congress,USA,pp.269-276.
56.Gupta M.L.,Panigrahi D.C.,Banerjee S.P.Heat flow studies in longwall facesin India[J].Proceedings of 6th U.S.Mine Ventilation Symposium,SME,Littleton,CO,pp.421-427.
57.程卫民,张庆友.基于神经元网络的巷道风流温湿度预测法[J].煤炭工程师,1998,3:35-36.
58.Starfield,A.M.,Dickson,A.J.A study of heat transfer and moisture pick-up in mine airways[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,67,211-234.
59.王补宣.工程传热传质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.
60.杨世铭.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
61.林瑞泰.热传导理论与方法[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1992.
62.俞昌铭.热传导及数值分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1981.
63.王秋旺.传热学习题解答[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.
64.梁昆森.数学物理方法(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
65.郭勇义,吴世跃.矿井热工与空调[J].煤炭工业出版社,1997.
66.赵志根.平面稳定地温场的有限差分模拟[J].西部探矿工程,2002,(4):52-53.
67.赵志根.不稳定地温场的有限差分模拟[J].安徽地质,2002,12(1):59-61.
68.张树光,孙树魁.热害矿井巷道温度场分布规律研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治预报,2003,14(3):9-11.
69.孙树魁,张树光.埋深对井巷温度场分布影响的研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,2(3):301-302.
70.张菊明,熊亮萍.有限单元法在地热研究中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
71.中国科学院地质研究所地热室.矿山地热概论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
72.袁担任.煤和岩石的导热性能[J].江苏煤炭,1993,2.
73.王均,黄尚瑶,黄歌山等.中国地温分布的基本特征[M].北京:地震出版社,1990:67-84.
74.林睦曾.岩石热物理学及其工程应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991:22-24.
75.谢强,陈永萍.秦岭隧道区域地温场特征分析和隧道围岩岩温预测[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(2):177-179.
76.沈维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学(第三版)[M].高等教育出版社,2003.
77.高建良,杨明.巷道围岩温度分布及调热圈水力半径的影响因素分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(2):73-76.
2.[苏]A.H.舍尔巴尼.矿井降温指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1982.
3.吕品.矿井热害的调查与防治[J].中国煤炭,2002,(7):38-40.
4.曹光保.矿井热害及防治[J].勘探安全,2000,(3):45-46.
5.彭担任.温矿井热害的防治[J].矿业安全与环保,1999,(6):45-47.
6.Greuer,R.E.Real-time Precalculation of the Distribution of Combustion Products and Other Contaminants in the Ventilation System of Mines,US BuMines-OFR-2282,P-B82-183104,1982.
7.岑衍强.矿内热环境工程[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1989.
8.约阿希姆·福斯,刘从孝译.矿井气候[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.
9.胡春胜.中国煤矿中的热环境和空调[J].Colliery Guardian,1991.
10.李振顶,彭辉仕.矿井热害的治理方法及效果[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,(1):22-24.
11.彭担任,隋金峰,王占国.通风降温防治采面热害[J].劳动保护科学技术.1998,(5):41-42.
12.王文,桂祥友,王国君.矿井热害的治理[J].矿业安全与环保,2002,(3):31-33.
13.王克喜.永城矿区井下热害防治措施[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,(4):14-16.
14.Voss,J.Prediction of climate in production workings[J].Gluckauf 107,412-418.
15.梁尤平,黄伯儒,任毓春等.矿井热害分类治理[J].煤炭科学技术,1998,(7):4-6.
16.胡桃元,吴福根,吴中立.姚桥矿井下热源分析及热害防治[J].淮南矿业学院学报,1995,(2):36-43.
17.陈国新,李红阳,杨德源.梧桐庄矿首采区热状况预测及热害综合治理措施[J].煤矿安全,2002,(11):29-31.
18.孙艳玲,桂祥友.煤矿热害及其治理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(增刊)35-37.
19.Jay.N.Fairbank and Richhand G.Robinson.Interpretation of the State of a Mine Fire by Computer Preceeding of the First Conference[J].On Use of Computer in the Coal Industry,New York,1983.
20.Voss,J.Mine climate in mechanised drivages and its determination by advanced calculation [J].Ventilation in the Coalminesof the European Communities,Vol.Colliery Guardi- an,pp.285-305.
21.李振顶,彭辉仕.矿井降温在掘进巷道内的应用[J].煤矿安全,2001,(3):12-13.
22.李孜军,吴超,周勃.独头工作面通风降温新方法及效果分析[J].金属矿山,2002,(1):51-53.
23.Bise.CJ,Virtual reality,emerging technology for training of miners[J],Mining Eng.1997(1),37-41.
24.刘忠宝,王浚,张书学.高温矿井降温空调的概况及进展[J].真空与低温,2002,(3):130-135.
25.乔华,王景刚,张子平.深井降温冰冷却系统融冰及技术经济分析研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25:122.
26.Hall E,Timko R.Determining the accuracy of instruments capable of measuring low air velocities[J].Proceedings of the 2005 Society of Mining Engineers Annual Meeting.Salt Lake City,UT,USA,2005.
27.黄伯儒,陈遂斋,邓铠清.矿用无氟制冷机的研制与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,1995,23(10):13.
28.Karimipanah T,Awbi HB.Theoretical and experimental investigation of impinging jet ventilation and comparison with wall displacement ventilation[J].Building and Environment 2002,37/12:1329-42.
29.王景刚,乔华,冯如彬.深井降温冷却水系统的应用[J].暖通空调,2000,30(4):76.
30.王景刚,乔华,冯如彬等.深井降温的技术经济分析[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2000,17(1):23.
31.秦钢,李敏,程尔玺等.空气制冷机[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.6.
32.吴中立.矿井通风与安全[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989.
33.王隆平.矿井降温与制冷[M].泰安:山东矿业学院,1989.
34.张素芬.矿井通风降温的有效性与局限性[J].煤炭安全,1992,7.
35.邱世武.深井开采的通风和空气调节[J].淮煤科技,1989,1.
36.王省身.矿井灾害防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业学院出版社,1986.
37.赵以蕙.矿井通风与空气调节[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.
38.Hartman H L.Mine Ventilation and Conditioning[J].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1982.
39.White C C.A Survey on the Integration of Decision Analysis and Expert Systems for Decision Support.IEEE Transactions on SMC,1990,20(2):358-364.
40.Bjcvan Der Wekken,Rjm Vangerwen.Development of an air Cycle plant[C],19th International Congress of Refrigeration 1995 Proceedings Volume Ⅳb,1995.1037.
41.Holder DM,Brown I,Gihiel A J.The effects of water icing on the performance of open air cycle systems-problems and solutions[C],19th International Congress of Refrigeration 1995 Proceedings Volume Ⅲb,1995,845.
42.胡军华.高温深矿井风流热湿交换及配风量的计算[D].山东科技大学,2004.
43.陈平.高温矿井热湿计算与空调新技术的研究[D].山东泰安:山东矿业学院,1999.
44.Twort C.T.,Lowndes I.S.,Pickering S.J.An application of thermal exergy analysis to the development of mine cooling systems.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part C:Mechanical Engineering Science,Vol.216.
45.高建良,张学博.潮湿巷道风流温度及湿度计算方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(6):114-119.
46.Xie Xianping.A analysis of mine ventilation network using genetic algorithm[J].Beijing:Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000.
47.Liu Zegong.Method of branch airflow for calculating a complicated mine ventilation networks[J].China:Journal of Coal Science&Engeneering,2001.
48.王志军.高温矿井地温分布规律及其评价系统研究[D].山东科技大学,2006.
49.Kocsis C.K.,Hardcastle S.G.Maintaining a healthy environment for the mining machinery in an automated underground metal mine[J].Proceedings of the 2001 SME Annual General Meeting,Denver,Colorado,February 2001.
50.候祺棕,沈伯雄.井巷围岩与风流间热湿交换的温湿预测模型[J].武汉工业大学学报,1997,19(3):123-126.
51.侯棋棕.调热圈水力半径及其温度场的数值解计算模型[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1997,(1):9-16.
52.Ross A.J.,Tuck M.A.,Stokes M.R.,Lowndes I.S.Computer simulation of climatic conditions in rapid development drivages[J].Proceedingsof 6th International Mine Ventilation Congress,SME,Littleton,CO,pp.283-288.
53.旺峰,王雷,于宝海等.高温矿井风流热力参数测定及其变化规律和热湿源的分析[J].煤矿现代化,2004,60:51-53.
54.秦跃平,秦凤华,徐国峰等.制冷降温掘进工作面的风温预测及需冷量计算[J].煤炭学报,1998,(6).
55.Kertikov V.Air temperature and humidity in dead-end headings with auxiliary ventilation [J].Proceedings of 6th International Mine Ventilation Congress,USA,pp.269-276.
56.Gupta M.L.,Panigrahi D.C.,Banerjee S.P.Heat flow studies in longwall facesin India[J].Proceedings of 6th U.S.Mine Ventilation Symposium,SME,Littleton,CO,pp.421-427.
57.程卫民,张庆友.基于神经元网络的巷道风流温湿度预测法[J].煤炭工程师,1998,3:35-36.
58.Starfield,A.M.,Dickson,A.J.A study of heat transfer and moisture pick-up in mine airways[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,67,211-234.
59.王补宣.工程传热传质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.
60.杨世铭.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
61.林瑞泰.热传导理论与方法[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1992.
62.俞昌铭.热传导及数值分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1981.
63.王秋旺.传热学习题解答[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.
64.梁昆森.数学物理方法(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
65.郭勇义,吴世跃.矿井热工与空调[J].煤炭工业出版社,1997.
66.赵志根.平面稳定地温场的有限差分模拟[J].西部探矿工程,2002,(4):52-53.
67.赵志根.不稳定地温场的有限差分模拟[J].安徽地质,2002,12(1):59-61.
68.张树光,孙树魁.热害矿井巷道温度场分布规律研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治预报,2003,14(3):9-11.
69.孙树魁,张树光.埋深对井巷温度场分布影响的研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,2(3):301-302.
70.张菊明,熊亮萍.有限单元法在地热研究中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
71.中国科学院地质研究所地热室.矿山地热概论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
72.袁担任.煤和岩石的导热性能[J].江苏煤炭,1993,2.
73.王均,黄尚瑶,黄歌山等.中国地温分布的基本特征[M].北京:地震出版社,1990:67-84.
74.林睦曾.岩石热物理学及其工程应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991:22-24.
75.谢强,陈永萍.秦岭隧道区域地温场特征分析和隧道围岩岩温预测[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(2):177-179.
76.沈维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学(第三版)[M].高等教育出版社,2003.
77.高建良,杨明.巷道围岩温度分布及调热圈水力半径的影响因素分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(2):73-76.