快速公交信号交叉口优先通行技术研究
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摘要
在我国各地城市积极实施公交优先战略之际,BRT作为一种经济、高效的大(中)运量的公共交通模式已得到了普遍关注和积极探索,但在BRT信号交叉口优先通行技术方面的研究却有所欠缺,本文在现有公交优先研究的基础上,针对BRT信号交叉口的安全性和通行效率问题,研究了BRT在空间上和时间上的优先设计方法。
本文首先根据BRT信号交叉口的特征和优化设计目的,分析了引入BRT所引起的安全性和通行效率问题,并提出针对这些问题的BRT优先技术研究框架,分析了BRT优先的必要性、设计方法及比选准则。接着研究了BRT交叉口空间优先设计方法及比选,并通过设置不同情形提出BRT空间优先技术组合方法,以某市BRT规划1号线的某交叉口为例,应用了BRT空间优先技术。针对现有公交被动优先方法存在的问题,提出了采用HCM2000延误模型的BRT被动优先改进方法,并例证了有效性。通过假设各个流向的车辆到达服从D/D/1的均匀分布,研究了BRT绿灯提前和绿灯延迟两种主动优先控制方法的配时调整对BRT优先相位、非优先相位和整个交叉口的延误变化影响,并分析了主动优先配时调整的条件,而后对这两种方法进行基于VISSIM仿真,应用模块VISVAP编程,VAP语言编写相位切换程序。通过对比主动优先和固定配时的仿真结果表明,BRT主动优先能有效地减少BRT延误。
As implementing transit first policy actively in Chinese cities, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a costly and efficiently mass (or intermediate) transit mode has been paid comprehensive attention and been explored actively. However, there are some shortcomings at study on BRT priority technologies at signal intersection. So, based on literatures about transit priority in exist, this paper studys on the methods of spatial and temporal BRT priority technologies at signal intersection.
Firstly, According to the characteristics and the goals of optimizing design of BRT signal intersction, the safety and efficiency problems as introduced BRT are analysed. And corresponding to these problems, the contents, need, design methods and selecting principles of BRT priority technologies are brought forward. Then, the design methods and selection of spatial BRT priority technologies are studied, and the methods of spatial technologies integration are provided by seting different cases. Taking one intersection of BRT corridor in some city as an example, the spatial technologies are applied. To solve the problems of transit signal passive priority methods, an improved method based on the delay model of HCM2000 is provided, and its validity is demonstrated by detail example. Assuming D/D/1 uniformly distributed vehicle input on every direction, the delay impact of early green and extended green to BRT phase, non-priority phase and whole intersection, and signal timing adjustive conditions of BRT active priority are analysed. Then, a microscopic simulation tool, VISSIM, is applied for analyzing the two strategies, using VISVAP module to program control logic and VAP language to program phase transition. Comparing the results of BRT active priority and fixed timing simulation, it is effective to reduce BRT delay by active priority strategies application.
本文首先根据BRT信号交叉口的特征和优化设计目的,分析了引入BRT所引起的安全性和通行效率问题,并提出针对这些问题的BRT优先技术研究框架,分析了BRT优先的必要性、设计方法及比选准则。接着研究了BRT交叉口空间优先设计方法及比选,并通过设置不同情形提出BRT空间优先技术组合方法,以某市BRT规划1号线的某交叉口为例,应用了BRT空间优先技术。针对现有公交被动优先方法存在的问题,提出了采用HCM2000延误模型的BRT被动优先改进方法,并例证了有效性。通过假设各个流向的车辆到达服从D/D/1的均匀分布,研究了BRT绿灯提前和绿灯延迟两种主动优先控制方法的配时调整对BRT优先相位、非优先相位和整个交叉口的延误变化影响,并分析了主动优先配时调整的条件,而后对这两种方法进行基于VISSIM仿真,应用模块VISVAP编程,VAP语言编写相位切换程序。通过对比主动优先和固定配时的仿真结果表明,BRT主动优先能有效地减少BRT延误。
As implementing transit first policy actively in Chinese cities, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a costly and efficiently mass (or intermediate) transit mode has been paid comprehensive attention and been explored actively. However, there are some shortcomings at study on BRT priority technologies at signal intersection. So, based on literatures about transit priority in exist, this paper studys on the methods of spatial and temporal BRT priority technologies at signal intersection.
Firstly, According to the characteristics and the goals of optimizing design of BRT signal intersction, the safety and efficiency problems as introduced BRT are analysed. And corresponding to these problems, the contents, need, design methods and selecting principles of BRT priority technologies are brought forward. Then, the design methods and selection of spatial BRT priority technologies are studied, and the methods of spatial technologies integration are provided by seting different cases. Taking one intersection of BRT corridor in some city as an example, the spatial technologies are applied. To solve the problems of transit signal passive priority methods, an improved method based on the delay model of HCM2000 is provided, and its validity is demonstrated by detail example. Assuming D/D/1 uniformly distributed vehicle input on every direction, the delay impact of early green and extended green to BRT phase, non-priority phase and whole intersection, and signal timing adjustive conditions of BRT active priority are analysed. Then, a microscopic simulation tool, VISSIM, is applied for analyzing the two strategies, using VISVAP module to program control logic and VAP language to program phase transition. Comparing the results of BRT active priority and fixed timing simulation, it is effective to reduce BRT delay by active priority strategies application.
引文
[1]刘志,Graham Smith.中国:加强机构建设,支持城市交通可持续发展.
[2] Herbert S.Levinson, Samuel Zimmerman, Jennifer Clinger. Bus Rapid Transit: An Overview[J]. Journal of public ransportation, 2002, V5(2):1-30
[3] Vukan R. Vuchic. Bus Semirapid Transit Mode Development and Evaluation. Journal of public transportation, 2002, V5 (2):71-96
[4] ITS America. An Overview of Transit Signal Priority[M]. 2002
[5] ITS America. Transit Signal Priority(TSP): A Planning and Implementation Handbook[M]. 2005
[6] TCRP report 100: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual[R], 2nd Edition. 2003.
[7] Lefei Li. Development and Evaluation of Transit Signal Priority Strategies With Physical Queue Models[D]. The University of Arizona, 2006
[8] A Sophisticated Transit Signal Priority System– How it Works[J]. 2006 Annual Conference or the Transportation Association of Canada Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 2006: 1-8
[9] Jie Zhang. Evaluation of Transit Signal Priority Using Analytical Method[D]. Texas Tech University, 2007
[10] Suhyeon KIM, Mincheol PARK, Kyungsoo CHON. A Bus Priority Signal Strategy for Regulating Headways of Buses[J]. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005, V6: 435-448
[11] TCRP report 90: Bus Rapid Transit Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines[R]. 2003
[12] TCRP report 118: Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner’s Guide[R]. 2007
[13] TCRP report 117: Design, Operation, and Safety of At-grade Crossings of Exclusive Busways[R]. 2007
[14] Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide[M]. 2006 and 2007
[15]张卫华.城市公交优先通行技术及评价方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2003
[16]张卫华等.公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,V4(3)
[17]季彦婕.交叉口公共交通优先通行方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2003
[18]周乐.城市交叉口公交优先信号设计与仿真研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004
[19]冯岩,裴玉龙,曹成海.混合交通条件下单点公交优先信号配时研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,V39(2):296-298
[20]王波.城市道路交叉口交通组织与信号控制策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005
[21]阴炳成,杨晓光.交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,V12:123-126
[22]林赐云.公交信号优先系统设计及实施技术研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007
[23]马万经,杨晓光.基于时空优化的单点交叉口公交被动优化控制方法[J].中国公路学报,2007,V3:86-90
[24]张卫华等.实施城市快速公交(BRT)的平面交叉口处理技术[J].交通科技,2004,V207(6):85-90
[25]戴英姿.快速公交(BRT)系统的交叉口优化控制与设计[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005
[26]陈光勤.基于车头时距的快速公交车辆交叉口信号优先[J].交通与计算机,2005,V23(3):11-15
[27]陈光勤.快速公交车辆平面交叉口信号优先实现方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,V34(1):41-46
[28]关伟等.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报,2001,V16(3):176-180
[29] [德]道路与交通工程研究学会[M].李克平译.交通信号控制指南——德国现行规范(RiLSA).北京:中国建筑出版社,2006
[30]翟忠民.道路交通组织优化[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[31]徐吉谦.道路平面交叉口渠化设计[J].交通管理研究,2001,V1:50-52
[32]陆化普.城市现代化交通管理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[35] Peter Koonce. BRT Engineering: Transit Signal Priority Implementation Scenarios, 2006
[36] Kevin Fehon, etc. Transit Signal Priority for Silicon Valley Bus Rapid Transit
[37] FHWA. Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide[M]. August 2004
[38] Highway Capacity Manual 2000[M]. Washington D. C.: Transportation Research Board. 2000
[39]王元庆,曾奕林.锯齿形公交优先进口道的设置方法.交通运输工程学报,2005,V5(3):98-104
[40]杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[41]长安大学BRT研究中心.西安城市综合交通改善工程可行性研究报告[R]. 2007
[42]杨晓光等.信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2001,V14:101-108
[43]吴家庆,林正.北京南中轴路快速公交(BRT)信号优先配时方案探讨.城市公共交通,2006,V8:13-15
[44] PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG. VISSIM4.10 User Manual[M]. 2005
[45] PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG. VISSIM2.14 User Manual– APPENDIX B: Add– On VISVAP[M]. 2003
[2] Herbert S.Levinson, Samuel Zimmerman, Jennifer Clinger. Bus Rapid Transit: An Overview[J]. Journal of public ransportation, 2002, V5(2):1-30
[3] Vukan R. Vuchic. Bus Semirapid Transit Mode Development and Evaluation. Journal of public transportation, 2002, V5 (2):71-96
[4] ITS America. An Overview of Transit Signal Priority[M]. 2002
[5] ITS America. Transit Signal Priority(TSP): A Planning and Implementation Handbook[M]. 2005
[6] TCRP report 100: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual[R], 2nd Edition. 2003.
[7] Lefei Li. Development and Evaluation of Transit Signal Priority Strategies With Physical Queue Models[D]. The University of Arizona, 2006
[8] A Sophisticated Transit Signal Priority System– How it Works[J]. 2006 Annual Conference or the Transportation Association of Canada Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 2006: 1-8
[9] Jie Zhang. Evaluation of Transit Signal Priority Using Analytical Method[D]. Texas Tech University, 2007
[10] Suhyeon KIM, Mincheol PARK, Kyungsoo CHON. A Bus Priority Signal Strategy for Regulating Headways of Buses[J]. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005, V6: 435-448
[11] TCRP report 90: Bus Rapid Transit Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines[R]. 2003
[12] TCRP report 118: Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner’s Guide[R]. 2007
[13] TCRP report 117: Design, Operation, and Safety of At-grade Crossings of Exclusive Busways[R]. 2007
[14] Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide[M]. 2006 and 2007
[15]张卫华.城市公交优先通行技术及评价方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2003
[16]张卫华等.公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,V4(3)
[17]季彦婕.交叉口公共交通优先通行方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2003
[18]周乐.城市交叉口公交优先信号设计与仿真研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004
[19]冯岩,裴玉龙,曹成海.混合交通条件下单点公交优先信号配时研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,V39(2):296-298
[20]王波.城市道路交叉口交通组织与信号控制策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005
[21]阴炳成,杨晓光.交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,V12:123-126
[22]林赐云.公交信号优先系统设计及实施技术研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007
[23]马万经,杨晓光.基于时空优化的单点交叉口公交被动优化控制方法[J].中国公路学报,2007,V3:86-90
[24]张卫华等.实施城市快速公交(BRT)的平面交叉口处理技术[J].交通科技,2004,V207(6):85-90
[25]戴英姿.快速公交(BRT)系统的交叉口优化控制与设计[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005
[26]陈光勤.基于车头时距的快速公交车辆交叉口信号优先[J].交通与计算机,2005,V23(3):11-15
[27]陈光勤.快速公交车辆平面交叉口信号优先实现方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,V34(1):41-46
[28]关伟等.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报,2001,V16(3):176-180
[29] [德]道路与交通工程研究学会[M].李克平译.交通信号控制指南——德国现行规范(RiLSA).北京:中国建筑出版社,2006
[30]翟忠民.道路交通组织优化[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[31]徐吉谦.道路平面交叉口渠化设计[J].交通管理研究,2001,V1:50-52
[32]陆化普.城市现代化交通管理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[35] Peter Koonce. BRT Engineering: Transit Signal Priority Implementation Scenarios, 2006
[36] Kevin Fehon, etc. Transit Signal Priority for Silicon Valley Bus Rapid Transit
[37] FHWA. Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide[M]. August 2004
[38] Highway Capacity Manual 2000[M]. Washington D. C.: Transportation Research Board. 2000
[39]王元庆,曾奕林.锯齿形公交优先进口道的设置方法.交通运输工程学报,2005,V5(3):98-104
[40]杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[41]长安大学BRT研究中心.西安城市综合交通改善工程可行性研究报告[R]. 2007
[42]杨晓光等.信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2001,V14:101-108
[43]吴家庆,林正.北京南中轴路快速公交(BRT)信号优先配时方案探讨.城市公共交通,2006,V8:13-15
[44] PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG. VISSIM4.10 User Manual[M]. 2005
[45] PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG. VISSIM2.14 User Manual– APPENDIX B: Add– On VISVAP[M]. 2003