快速公交系统在合肥市的应用研究
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摘要
随着城市交通问题的日益突出,大力发展公共交通,实行“公交优先”战略已成为现代城市发展交通的明智选择。但从目前的状况来看,我国大部分城市的常规公共交通的服务水平普遍较低,不能满足人们对出行质量的要求,而轨道交通虽然具有很高的运输效能和服务质量,但其高昂的建设和营运成本又在很大程度上限制了它的应用和发展。巴士快速公交系统作为一种新型的公共交通方式,兼具造价低、运量大和服务水平高等特点,为城市发展公共交通提供了一个很好的选择。但是,BRT在我国仍然属于新兴产物,对其基础理论的研究和国外既有理论的本土化研究都还有待于进一步深入,本文在此背景下对BRT系统的关键技术进行研究,以期对我国城市发展BRT提供一定的技术参考。
本文首先回顾了BRT在国内外的研究发展现状,随后在概括分析BRT系统构成的基础上对BRT系统进行了全面分析,其中包括与其它公交方式的技术经济对比和BRT自身的优缺点分析。随后对BRT系统应用当中的两个关键技术——BRT专用道(包括BRT停靠站)设置、BRT路口优先通行技术进行了研究:从客流需求条件、行车速度条件、其他车辆通行条件和道路条件四个方面对BRT专用道的设置进行了探讨;论述了BRT专用道四种不同类型的优缺点和使用范围;分有无中央分隔带两种情况详细阐述了路中式BRT专用道站点的布设方法;设计了路中式BRT专用道乘客过街问题的解决方案;概述了主动优先控制的关键技术和控制流程;重点研究了BRT在合肥市的应用。
As the urban transportations in the word become worse it is a wise decision to develop public transportation and to carry out the“transit first”policy in our modern urban transportation development. According to urban transportation conditions at present,the level of service of traditional transit system in most cities in China is relatively low because can not provide transit service with sufficient quality. Although metro system can provide higher level of service and more effective than that of traditional transit, its expensive construction and operation costs confine its application and development in a great extent. As a type of brand-new public transportation,Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is relatively cheaper in construction and operation and has a larger passenger capacity as well as higher level of service than those of the traditional ones. So it provides a new way of developing mass transportation. However, since BRT is not matured both in its technology and operation its basic technical and theory are not fully studied, and need further improving. Under the background,the key technology of BRT system is studied in this paper so that it makes help for BRT development in China.
First of all,the state of art of BRT technology are worldwide reviewed, and BRT system is throughout described based on its formation analysis, including its technical and economical contrasts with other public transportation models. Secondly, two key technologies of BRT right-of-ways (including BRT stops) and BRT pre-emptive rights on intersections are fully studied in this thesis. The four aspects: the passenger demands, the BRT vehicular speeds, the driving conditions for other vehicles, as well as the road conditions are involved in the study of lay outing BRT right-of-ways. The advantages,disadvantages and its limitations of four kinds of BRT right-of-way are discussed, including the median BRT right-of-ways according to roads with and without median strip and the road-side BRT right-of-ways. The solution of passenger crossing the median BRT right-of-way is proposed. The key technique and control process of active and pre-emptive signal control are introduced. emphases, research the application of BRT in Hefei.
本文首先回顾了BRT在国内外的研究发展现状,随后在概括分析BRT系统构成的基础上对BRT系统进行了全面分析,其中包括与其它公交方式的技术经济对比和BRT自身的优缺点分析。随后对BRT系统应用当中的两个关键技术——BRT专用道(包括BRT停靠站)设置、BRT路口优先通行技术进行了研究:从客流需求条件、行车速度条件、其他车辆通行条件和道路条件四个方面对BRT专用道的设置进行了探讨;论述了BRT专用道四种不同类型的优缺点和使用范围;分有无中央分隔带两种情况详细阐述了路中式BRT专用道站点的布设方法;设计了路中式BRT专用道乘客过街问题的解决方案;概述了主动优先控制的关键技术和控制流程;重点研究了BRT在合肥市的应用。
As the urban transportations in the word become worse it is a wise decision to develop public transportation and to carry out the“transit first”policy in our modern urban transportation development. According to urban transportation conditions at present,the level of service of traditional transit system in most cities in China is relatively low because can not provide transit service with sufficient quality. Although metro system can provide higher level of service and more effective than that of traditional transit, its expensive construction and operation costs confine its application and development in a great extent. As a type of brand-new public transportation,Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is relatively cheaper in construction and operation and has a larger passenger capacity as well as higher level of service than those of the traditional ones. So it provides a new way of developing mass transportation. However, since BRT is not matured both in its technology and operation its basic technical and theory are not fully studied, and need further improving. Under the background,the key technology of BRT system is studied in this paper so that it makes help for BRT development in China.
First of all,the state of art of BRT technology are worldwide reviewed, and BRT system is throughout described based on its formation analysis, including its technical and economical contrasts with other public transportation models. Secondly, two key technologies of BRT right-of-ways (including BRT stops) and BRT pre-emptive rights on intersections are fully studied in this thesis. The four aspects: the passenger demands, the BRT vehicular speeds, the driving conditions for other vehicles, as well as the road conditions are involved in the study of lay outing BRT right-of-ways. The advantages,disadvantages and its limitations of four kinds of BRT right-of-way are discussed, including the median BRT right-of-ways according to roads with and without median strip and the road-side BRT right-of-ways. The solution of passenger crossing the median BRT right-of-way is proposed. The key technique and control process of active and pre-emptive signal control are introduced. emphases, research the application of BRT in Hefei.
引文
[1]王建.巴士快速交通指南[M],山东音像出版社,2005.
[2]赵杰,叶敏等.国外快速公交系统发展概况[J],国外城市规划,2006(3):32-37.
[3]美国能源基金会.中国快速公交系统发展报告,2002.10.
[4]李玉辉,戈春珍,胡金成.快速公交系统(BRT)在我国的发展研究[J],辽宁交通科技,2006(1):75-76.
[5]林卫.昆明快速公交的经验总结和发展策略[J],昆明市城市交通研究所.2005(3):54-56.
[6]陆化普.库里蒂巴发展公共交通的经验与启示[J],北京市快速公交系统发展战略研讨会论文.清华大学交通研究所,2007:35-37.
[7]胡润州.快速轨道交通系统与快速公交系统的经济分析研究[M],184-190.
[8]徐志修.浅谈快速公交系统在我国的发展前景和发展策略[J],交通标准化,总138/139期.
[9]国际能源署.面向未来的公共汽车交通系统.人民交通出版社,2003, 13-24
[10]何磊.快速公共交通引导城市走健康之路[J].城市规划.2002.26(3):2-4.
[11]杨会军.我国城市道路快速公交系统分析[J].交通世界,2007(2):7-11.
[12]刘桂生、刘勇等.中国第一条快速公交系统,开创公交发展新模式[J].道路交通与安全,2005(4):34-36.
[13]王波.快速公交系统设计的若干问题研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.7
[14]陆建,王炜,陈学斌.公交专用道设置条件与效益分析[J],东南大学学报,1999,28(3):103-107.
[15]杨晓光等.有关城市公交专用道(路)之设计要点及优先控制管理系统[J].城市规划,1997(3).
[16]张卫华,黄艳君,胡刚.城市公共交通专用道设置标准的探讨[[J].交通标准化,2003(8):57-59
[17]郑祖武、李康等.现代城市交通[J].人民交通出版社,1996(6):4-6.
[18]周毅.探索中国快速公交之路[J].城市车辆.2006(4):43-46.
[19]杨新苗.城市公交发展技术保障体系关键技术研究[D].南京:东南大学,2000.10.
[20]陆虎.快速公交专用道基本特征的研究[J].城市公共交通,2005(5):24-29.
[21]徐康明,刘亚丽.中国快速公交系统的发展战略[J],城市交通,2003.11-3.
[22]阴炳成.路中型公交专用道停靠站最佳设计方法[J].城市,2004(4):30-31.
[23]李娜,陈学武.公交车中途停靠站停靠能力及设计站长计算初探[J].土木工程学报,2003(7):26-29.
[24]华文静,王健.关于我国城市发展快速公交的思考[J].城市公共交通, 2004(6):34-37.
[25]魏涛.快速公交系统通行能力分析[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2006.3.
[26]张卫华.城市公共交通优先通行技术及评价方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2003.
[27]陈爱萍,快速公交规划的基本问题研究[D].长安:长安大学, 2004:36-45.
[28]张南,公交优先通行系统研究[D].成都:西南交大,2003:14-19,34-37.
[29]马荣国,城市公共交通系统发展问题研究[D],长安:长安大学,2003.7.
[30]杨晓光,林瑜等,信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究[J],中国公路学报,2001:101-108.
[31]Lloyd Wright. Planning Guide: Bus Rapid Transit[R]. New York: GTZ, 2004.
[32]Unite States General Accounting (GAO).Bus Rapid Transit Shows Promise [R]. Washington, D.C:Congressional Requesters,2001:22-27.
[33]Vukan R.V.Bus Semirapid Transit Mode Development and Evaluation [J].Journal of Public Transporttion,2002,5(2):74-91.
[34]杨晓光、周光伟、杭明升.公交优先技术方法[J].城市交通,2000(2): 1-12
[35]US FTA. Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit for Decision-Making [R]. Washington,D.C: Federal Transit Administration,2004:2-13.
[36]Herbert S.L. ,Samuel Z.,Jennifer C.Bus Rapid Transit:An Overview[J].Journal of Public Transportation,2002,5(2):16-22.
[37]Peter K. ,John R.,Tom U.etc. Detection Range Setting Methodology for Signal Priority [J].Journal of Public Transportation,2002, 5 (2):116-117.
[38]合肥市规划设计研究院.合肥市城市总体规划(2006-2020)[R],2006.
[39]合肥市规划设计研究院.合肥市公共交通专项规划(2007-2020)[R],2007
[40]樊鹏.西安市快速公交系统发展研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.6.
[41]王延娟.快速公交系统线路组合问题研究[D].长安:长安大学,2005.5.
[42]彭国雄,莫汉康.城市公交停靠站设置常见问题及对策[J].交通运输工程学报,2001(3):77-80.
[43]斐玉龙,伍拾煤.公交停靠站设置问题研究[D].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,2002.10.
[2]赵杰,叶敏等.国外快速公交系统发展概况[J],国外城市规划,2006(3):32-37.
[3]美国能源基金会.中国快速公交系统发展报告,2002.10.
[4]李玉辉,戈春珍,胡金成.快速公交系统(BRT)在我国的发展研究[J],辽宁交通科技,2006(1):75-76.
[5]林卫.昆明快速公交的经验总结和发展策略[J],昆明市城市交通研究所.2005(3):54-56.
[6]陆化普.库里蒂巴发展公共交通的经验与启示[J],北京市快速公交系统发展战略研讨会论文.清华大学交通研究所,2007:35-37.
[7]胡润州.快速轨道交通系统与快速公交系统的经济分析研究[M],184-190.
[8]徐志修.浅谈快速公交系统在我国的发展前景和发展策略[J],交通标准化,总138/139期.
[9]国际能源署.面向未来的公共汽车交通系统.人民交通出版社,2003, 13-24
[10]何磊.快速公共交通引导城市走健康之路[J].城市规划.2002.26(3):2-4.
[11]杨会军.我国城市道路快速公交系统分析[J].交通世界,2007(2):7-11.
[12]刘桂生、刘勇等.中国第一条快速公交系统,开创公交发展新模式[J].道路交通与安全,2005(4):34-36.
[13]王波.快速公交系统设计的若干问题研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.7
[14]陆建,王炜,陈学斌.公交专用道设置条件与效益分析[J],东南大学学报,1999,28(3):103-107.
[15]杨晓光等.有关城市公交专用道(路)之设计要点及优先控制管理系统[J].城市规划,1997(3).
[16]张卫华,黄艳君,胡刚.城市公共交通专用道设置标准的探讨[[J].交通标准化,2003(8):57-59
[17]郑祖武、李康等.现代城市交通[J].人民交通出版社,1996(6):4-6.
[18]周毅.探索中国快速公交之路[J].城市车辆.2006(4):43-46.
[19]杨新苗.城市公交发展技术保障体系关键技术研究[D].南京:东南大学,2000.10.
[20]陆虎.快速公交专用道基本特征的研究[J].城市公共交通,2005(5):24-29.
[21]徐康明,刘亚丽.中国快速公交系统的发展战略[J],城市交通,2003.11-3.
[22]阴炳成.路中型公交专用道停靠站最佳设计方法[J].城市,2004(4):30-31.
[23]李娜,陈学武.公交车中途停靠站停靠能力及设计站长计算初探[J].土木工程学报,2003(7):26-29.
[24]华文静,王健.关于我国城市发展快速公交的思考[J].城市公共交通, 2004(6):34-37.
[25]魏涛.快速公交系统通行能力分析[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2006.3.
[26]张卫华.城市公共交通优先通行技术及评价方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2003.
[27]陈爱萍,快速公交规划的基本问题研究[D].长安:长安大学, 2004:36-45.
[28]张南,公交优先通行系统研究[D].成都:西南交大,2003:14-19,34-37.
[29]马荣国,城市公共交通系统发展问题研究[D],长安:长安大学,2003.7.
[30]杨晓光,林瑜等,信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究[J],中国公路学报,2001:101-108.
[31]Lloyd Wright. Planning Guide: Bus Rapid Transit[R]. New York: GTZ, 2004.
[32]Unite States General Accounting (GAO).Bus Rapid Transit Shows Promise [R]. Washington, D.C:Congressional Requesters,2001:22-27.
[33]Vukan R.V.Bus Semirapid Transit Mode Development and Evaluation [J].Journal of Public Transporttion,2002,5(2):74-91.
[34]杨晓光、周光伟、杭明升.公交优先技术方法[J].城市交通,2000(2): 1-12
[35]US FTA. Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit for Decision-Making [R]. Washington,D.C: Federal Transit Administration,2004:2-13.
[36]Herbert S.L. ,Samuel Z.,Jennifer C.Bus Rapid Transit:An Overview[J].Journal of Public Transportation,2002,5(2):16-22.
[37]Peter K. ,John R.,Tom U.etc. Detection Range Setting Methodology for Signal Priority [J].Journal of Public Transportation,2002, 5 (2):116-117.
[38]合肥市规划设计研究院.合肥市城市总体规划(2006-2020)[R],2006.
[39]合肥市规划设计研究院.合肥市公共交通专项规划(2007-2020)[R],2007
[40]樊鹏.西安市快速公交系统发展研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.6.
[41]王延娟.快速公交系统线路组合问题研究[D].长安:长安大学,2005.5.
[42]彭国雄,莫汉康.城市公交停靠站设置常见问题及对策[J].交通运输工程学报,2001(3):77-80.
[43]斐玉龙,伍拾煤.公交停靠站设置问题研究[D].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,2002.10.