近交叉口公交站点的公交优先控制方法研究
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摘要
本文针对“近交叉口公交站点”这一特殊情况,即公交站点位于交叉口上游,且离交叉口距离较近,研究交叉口公交优先控制方法及其控制方案。
论文针对近交叉口公交站点的公交车优先需求和公交车运行特点,设计了公交信号优先控制的系统结构。考虑到近交叉口公交站点的特殊情况,将检入检测器设置在公交站点的上游。采用最小二乘法建立了公交车车头时距与公交车在站点停靠时间的线性函数,预测公交车辆到达停车线的时间。考虑到公交车辆到达交叉口停车线时间的不确定性,提出了“优先窗口”的概念,即公交车到达停车线的时间区间。通过对优先窗口的边界时刻进行分析,系统决策是否为公交车辆提供优先信号以及选择何种优先控制策略,同时对实施公交优先控制的信号各相位绿灯时间进行调整,以保证信号周期的长度保持不变,当前周期结束后,系统恢复原有的配时方案。针对我国公交车辆线数多、发车频率高的实际情况,本文提出了多辆公交车在同一时间段内先后驶入交叉口情况下的控制方案。
论文对该控制方案进行了案例仿真试验研究,通过模拟四相位十字形交叉口的交通运行情况,分别采用定时控制和公交优先控制方式进行仿真实验。实验结果表明:公交优先控制方式能有效地减少公交乘客在交叉口的平均等待时间,实现公交车辆在交叉口时间通行权上的优先。
In view of the special condition of“bus stops near intersections”, i.e., bus stops at the upper reach of and near intersections, the thesis studies bus priority control at intersections and its control schemes.
In accordance with the bus priority demand at bus stops near intersections and bus running features, the thesis designs a systematic structure of bus priority signal priority control. Owing to the special location of the bus stop near the intersection, check-in detector should be set at the upper reach of the bus stop. Establishing the linear function of headway and the stop time at the stop by adopting least square method, the thesis predicts the time when the bus reaches the stopping line at the intersection. Given that the stopping time of the bus at the stop is uncertain, the thesis puts forward the concept of“priority window”, i.e. the time interval when the bus arrives at the stop line. After analyzing the boundary time of the priority window, the system decides on whether to provide priority control for the bus and which priority control strategy should be employed. Meanwhile, each phase’s green time of the signal period under bus priority control is adjusted to ensure that the length of the signal period is unchanged and the timing plan is recovered after the period. In view of the large number of bus lines and the frequent departure time of buses in China, the thesis puts forward the control strategy used when several buses enter the intersection simultaneously.
The thesis researches the simulation experiment of the system; it simulates the traffic running situation at a four-phase cross-type intersection. The fixed-time control mode and the bus priority control mode are employed respectively to carry on the simulation experiment. The experiment result shows that the bus priority control mode can effectively reduce the passengers’average waiting time at the intersection, and achieve the bus priority of the time right of way at the intersection.
论文针对近交叉口公交站点的公交车优先需求和公交车运行特点,设计了公交信号优先控制的系统结构。考虑到近交叉口公交站点的特殊情况,将检入检测器设置在公交站点的上游。采用最小二乘法建立了公交车车头时距与公交车在站点停靠时间的线性函数,预测公交车辆到达停车线的时间。考虑到公交车辆到达交叉口停车线时间的不确定性,提出了“优先窗口”的概念,即公交车到达停车线的时间区间。通过对优先窗口的边界时刻进行分析,系统决策是否为公交车辆提供优先信号以及选择何种优先控制策略,同时对实施公交优先控制的信号各相位绿灯时间进行调整,以保证信号周期的长度保持不变,当前周期结束后,系统恢复原有的配时方案。针对我国公交车辆线数多、发车频率高的实际情况,本文提出了多辆公交车在同一时间段内先后驶入交叉口情况下的控制方案。
论文对该控制方案进行了案例仿真试验研究,通过模拟四相位十字形交叉口的交通运行情况,分别采用定时控制和公交优先控制方式进行仿真实验。实验结果表明:公交优先控制方式能有效地减少公交乘客在交叉口的平均等待时间,实现公交车辆在交叉口时间通行权上的优先。
In view of the special condition of“bus stops near intersections”, i.e., bus stops at the upper reach of and near intersections, the thesis studies bus priority control at intersections and its control schemes.
In accordance with the bus priority demand at bus stops near intersections and bus running features, the thesis designs a systematic structure of bus priority signal priority control. Owing to the special location of the bus stop near the intersection, check-in detector should be set at the upper reach of the bus stop. Establishing the linear function of headway and the stop time at the stop by adopting least square method, the thesis predicts the time when the bus reaches the stopping line at the intersection. Given that the stopping time of the bus at the stop is uncertain, the thesis puts forward the concept of“priority window”, i.e. the time interval when the bus arrives at the stop line. After analyzing the boundary time of the priority window, the system decides on whether to provide priority control for the bus and which priority control strategy should be employed. Meanwhile, each phase’s green time of the signal period under bus priority control is adjusted to ensure that the length of the signal period is unchanged and the timing plan is recovered after the period. In view of the large number of bus lines and the frequent departure time of buses in China, the thesis puts forward the control strategy used when several buses enter the intersection simultaneously.
The thesis researches the simulation experiment of the system; it simulates the traffic running situation at a four-phase cross-type intersection. The fixed-time control mode and the bus priority control mode are employed respectively to carry on the simulation experiment. The experiment result shows that the bus priority control mode can effectively reduce the passengers’average waiting time at the intersection, and achieve the bus priority of the time right of way at the intersection.
引文
[1]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.南京:科学出版社,2002,45-80
[2]段进宇,杨晓光.城市道路信号控制平面交叉口的交通设计.中国土木工程学会第七届年会论文集,1995:98-106.
[3]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究.系统工程学报, 2001,16(3):176-180.
[4]杨晓光等.单点定周期条件下的公共汽车优先信号确定方法.土木工程学报(交通工程分册),2001 (1).
[5]陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用道设置条件与效益分析.东南大学学报,1998(3).
[6]刘军民.国外城市交通“公交优先”政策综述.交通管理研究, 2001(5):40-41.
[7]秦利芸.城市公共交通系统优先通行技术及评价研究:[西安建筑科技大学硕士论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007, 10-15
[8]俞洁.城市公共交通系统技术保障措施发展研究: [合肥工业大学硕士论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2004:2-10
[9]赵波平,蒋冰蕾.公共交通优先对策与实践.城市轨道交通研究,1999(3):1-4.
[10]林赐云.公交信号优先系统设计及实施技术研究:[吉林大学硕士论文] ,长春:吉林大学交通学院,2007:39-46.
[11]TCRP. Improved Traffic Signal Priority for Transit. TCRP Project A-16 Interim Report, 1998:2-4.
[12]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究.系统工程学报, 2001,16(3):176-180.
[13]CONRAD M,FRANCOIS D, YAGAR S. Real-time Traffic Signal Optimization with Transit Priority, Recent Advances in the Signal Priority Procedure for Optimization in Real-time Model//TRB. Transportation Research Record 1634. Washington DC: TRB, 1998:100-107.
[14]马万金,杨晓光.基于时空优化的单点交叉口公交被动优先控制方法.中国公路学报,2007, 20(3):86-90.
[15]杨晓光,林瑜,杭明升.信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究.中国公路学报, 2001,14(增):101-104.
[16]路庆昌,龙科军,邓海龙.被动公交优先的交叉口信号周期优化模型研究.中国市政工程,2007, 120(3):9-11.
[17]季彦婕等,基于公交优先通行的交叉口相位设计方法研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(12):118-122.
[18]张卫华,王炜.基于公交优先通行的交叉口预信号设置方法研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(6):9-13.
[19]马万金,杨晓光.公交信号优先控制系统信息需求分析.见:第六届交通运输领域国际学术会议论文集.大连:大连理工大学出版社,2006, 526-531.
[20]ITS AMERICA.Transit Signal Priority(TSP): A Planning and Implementation Handbook.United States Department of Transportation: May 2005.
[21]Christopher D. H.GUIDELINES FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSIT SIGNAL PRIORITY ON ARTERIALS . Washington D C: University of Washington, 2000.
[22]Pitu Mirchandani, Larry Head et al . AN APPROACH TOWARDS THEINTEGRATION OF BUS PRIORITY,TRAFFIC ADAPTIVE SIGNALCONTROL, AND BUS INFORMATION/SCHEDULING SYSTEM. Transportation Research Board,2000.
[23]李海渊、秦吉玛、王彦卿译.交通控制系统手册.北京:人民交通出版社. 1987, 28-41.
[24]Conrad M, Dion F, Yagar S.REAL-TIME TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPTIMIZATION WITH TRANSIT PRIORITY: RECENT ADVANCES IN THESIGNAL PRIO- RITY PROCEDURE FOR OPTIMIZATION IN REAL- TIMEMODEL. Transportation Research Board, 1998.
[25] Jianping Wu et al. Bus priority using pre-signals. Transportation Research PartA, 1998, 32 (8 ): 563-583.
[26]阴柄成、杨晓光.交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究.公路交通科技, 2005, 22(12)
[27]柳祖鹏.交叉口公交优先智能信号控制系统研究[武汉科技大学硕士论文].武汉:武汉科技大学城市建设学院,2005:20-35
[28]张莉.基于分形理论的城市公交优先控制策略研究.城市公共交通, 2005,6
[29]刘玥.城市道路单点实时自适应控制模型与算法研究[同济大学硕士论文].上海:同济大学交通学院. 2004:10-15.
[30]Hongchao Liu.Research and Development of An Adaptive Bus Signal Priority System on California Highway 82.Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, June 2006.10 .
[31]刘志勇.智能交通控制理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2003, 23-31
[32]杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,123-132
[33]全永燊.城市交通控制.北京:人民交通出版社, 1989. 13-23
[34]Lin, F. B. Optimal Timings and Settings of Presence Mode of Adaptive Control, Transportation Research Record 1010, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington DC, 1985. 25-31
[35]徐晓慧,王德章.道路交通控制教程.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社, 2005.
[36] HCM 1997 version·FHWA, 1997 .
[37]陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用道设置条件与效益分析,东南大学报,1998,28(3):103-107.
[38]张斌.公交优先对道路通行能力的影响分析:[西南交通大学硕士论文].成都:西南交通大学. 2004:20-25.
[39]陆化普.智能运输导论.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[40]刘红红,王鑫钥,杨兆升.城市公共交通优先的信号控制策略.公路交通科技,2004,21(5):121-124.
[41]石征华.城市交通检测器优化布点的方法研究:[北京交通大学硕士论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006:26-36.
[42]李琳,金双泉.确定城市干道检测器最佳布设位置的仿真研究.湖南交通科技,2005,31(3): 54-57
[43]杨晓光,马万金.先进的公交优先控制系统关键技术研究.第二届中国智能交通年会论文集,人民教育出版社:132-133
[44]韩宝睿,林丽,范啸.公交停靠站车辆延误的调查分析.交通分析与设计, 2004,2(4):68-71
[45]王茜,杨晓光.信号控制交叉口进口道公共汽车停靠影响分析.土木工程学报,2003,36(1):
[46]Wonho Kim.An Improved Transit Signal Priority System for Networks with Nearside Bus Stops.Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial of the requirements for the degree of Doctor,December 2004
[47]藤靖,杨晓光. APTS下快速公交实时控制-调度方法研究.系统工程理论与实践,2006,6(36):744-751
[48]Highway capacity manual.1997
[49]Kraft, W.H. and H.Deutschman. Bus Passenger Service-Time Distributions. In Transportati-on Research Record 625, TRB, National Research Council ,Washington, D.C., 1977, pp. 37-43.
[50]Adamski, A., Probabilistic Model of Passenger Service Processes at Bus Stops.Transport-ation Research, Vol. 26B, No. 4, 1992, pp. 253-259.
[51]刘晓石,陈鸿建,何腊梅.概率论与数理统计(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2005,
[52]Kraft, W. and T. Bergen. Evaluation of Passenger Service Times for Street Transit Systems. In Transportation Research Board 505. TRB. National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1974, 13-20.
[53]Powell, W. and Y. Sheffi. A Probabilistic Model of Bus Route Performance. Transportati-on Science, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1983, 376-404.
[54]葛宏伟,王炜,陈学武等.公交站点车辆停靠对信号交叉口进口道交通延误模型.东南大学学报,2006,6(36):10-19
[2]段进宇,杨晓光.城市道路信号控制平面交叉口的交通设计.中国土木工程学会第七届年会论文集,1995:98-106.
[3]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究.系统工程学报, 2001,16(3):176-180.
[4]杨晓光等.单点定周期条件下的公共汽车优先信号确定方法.土木工程学报(交通工程分册),2001 (1).
[5]陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用道设置条件与效益分析.东南大学学报,1998(3).
[6]刘军民.国外城市交通“公交优先”政策综述.交通管理研究, 2001(5):40-41.
[7]秦利芸.城市公共交通系统优先通行技术及评价研究:[西安建筑科技大学硕士论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007, 10-15
[8]俞洁.城市公共交通系统技术保障措施发展研究: [合肥工业大学硕士论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2004:2-10
[9]赵波平,蒋冰蕾.公共交通优先对策与实践.城市轨道交通研究,1999(3):1-4.
[10]林赐云.公交信号优先系统设计及实施技术研究:[吉林大学硕士论文] ,长春:吉林大学交通学院,2007:39-46.
[11]TCRP. Improved Traffic Signal Priority for Transit. TCRP Project A-16 Interim Report, 1998:2-4.
[12]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究.系统工程学报, 2001,16(3):176-180.
[13]CONRAD M,FRANCOIS D, YAGAR S. Real-time Traffic Signal Optimization with Transit Priority, Recent Advances in the Signal Priority Procedure for Optimization in Real-time Model//TRB. Transportation Research Record 1634. Washington DC: TRB, 1998:100-107.
[14]马万金,杨晓光.基于时空优化的单点交叉口公交被动优先控制方法.中国公路学报,2007, 20(3):86-90.
[15]杨晓光,林瑜,杭明升.信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究.中国公路学报, 2001,14(增):101-104.
[16]路庆昌,龙科军,邓海龙.被动公交优先的交叉口信号周期优化模型研究.中国市政工程,2007, 120(3):9-11.
[17]季彦婕等,基于公交优先通行的交叉口相位设计方法研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(12):118-122.
[18]张卫华,王炜.基于公交优先通行的交叉口预信号设置方法研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(6):9-13.
[19]马万金,杨晓光.公交信号优先控制系统信息需求分析.见:第六届交通运输领域国际学术会议论文集.大连:大连理工大学出版社,2006, 526-531.
[20]ITS AMERICA.Transit Signal Priority(TSP): A Planning and Implementation Handbook.United States Department of Transportation: May 2005.
[21]Christopher D. H.GUIDELINES FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSIT SIGNAL PRIORITY ON ARTERIALS . Washington D C: University of Washington, 2000.
[22]Pitu Mirchandani, Larry Head et al . AN APPROACH TOWARDS THEINTEGRATION OF BUS PRIORITY,TRAFFIC ADAPTIVE SIGNALCONTROL, AND BUS INFORMATION/SCHEDULING SYSTEM. Transportation Research Board,2000.
[23]李海渊、秦吉玛、王彦卿译.交通控制系统手册.北京:人民交通出版社. 1987, 28-41.
[24]Conrad M, Dion F, Yagar S.REAL-TIME TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPTIMIZATION WITH TRANSIT PRIORITY: RECENT ADVANCES IN THESIGNAL PRIO- RITY PROCEDURE FOR OPTIMIZATION IN REAL- TIMEMODEL. Transportation Research Board, 1998.
[25] Jianping Wu et al. Bus priority using pre-signals. Transportation Research PartA, 1998, 32 (8 ): 563-583.
[26]阴柄成、杨晓光.交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究.公路交通科技, 2005, 22(12)
[27]柳祖鹏.交叉口公交优先智能信号控制系统研究[武汉科技大学硕士论文].武汉:武汉科技大学城市建设学院,2005:20-35
[28]张莉.基于分形理论的城市公交优先控制策略研究.城市公共交通, 2005,6
[29]刘玥.城市道路单点实时自适应控制模型与算法研究[同济大学硕士论文].上海:同济大学交通学院. 2004:10-15.
[30]Hongchao Liu.Research and Development of An Adaptive Bus Signal Priority System on California Highway 82.Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, June 2006.10 .
[31]刘志勇.智能交通控制理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2003, 23-31
[32]杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,123-132
[33]全永燊.城市交通控制.北京:人民交通出版社, 1989. 13-23
[34]Lin, F. B. Optimal Timings and Settings of Presence Mode of Adaptive Control, Transportation Research Record 1010, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington DC, 1985. 25-31
[35]徐晓慧,王德章.道路交通控制教程.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社, 2005.
[36] HCM 1997 version·FHWA, 1997 .
[37]陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用道设置条件与效益分析,东南大学报,1998,28(3):103-107.
[38]张斌.公交优先对道路通行能力的影响分析:[西南交通大学硕士论文].成都:西南交通大学. 2004:20-25.
[39]陆化普.智能运输导论.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[40]刘红红,王鑫钥,杨兆升.城市公共交通优先的信号控制策略.公路交通科技,2004,21(5):121-124.
[41]石征华.城市交通检测器优化布点的方法研究:[北京交通大学硕士论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006:26-36.
[42]李琳,金双泉.确定城市干道检测器最佳布设位置的仿真研究.湖南交通科技,2005,31(3): 54-57
[43]杨晓光,马万金.先进的公交优先控制系统关键技术研究.第二届中国智能交通年会论文集,人民教育出版社:132-133
[44]韩宝睿,林丽,范啸.公交停靠站车辆延误的调查分析.交通分析与设计, 2004,2(4):68-71
[45]王茜,杨晓光.信号控制交叉口进口道公共汽车停靠影响分析.土木工程学报,2003,36(1):
[46]Wonho Kim.An Improved Transit Signal Priority System for Networks with Nearside Bus Stops.Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial of the requirements for the degree of Doctor,December 2004
[47]藤靖,杨晓光. APTS下快速公交实时控制-调度方法研究.系统工程理论与实践,2006,6(36):744-751
[48]Highway capacity manual.1997
[49]Kraft, W.H. and H.Deutschman. Bus Passenger Service-Time Distributions. In Transportati-on Research Record 625, TRB, National Research Council ,Washington, D.C., 1977, pp. 37-43.
[50]Adamski, A., Probabilistic Model of Passenger Service Processes at Bus Stops.Transport-ation Research, Vol. 26B, No. 4, 1992, pp. 253-259.
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