城市公交线网优化理论及其应用研究
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摘要
“行”是生活在城市里的人们每天必须面对的一个问题,怎样顺利出行,怎样用最短的时间,最便利的交通工具,最短的距离让居住在城市的人们到达目的地,是每个城市管理者都要考虑的问题,这里就涉及到发展公共交通的问题。如何大力发展公共交通,在城市倡导“公交优先”,满足城市居民出行需要,越来越多地得到各地政府和交通科研人员的重视。
城市公共交通线网优化是公共交通规划的重要组成部分之一。城市公交线网优化研究的宗旨在于运用现代化的交通规划理论及先进的计算技术,在现有城市道路系统和公共交通运力的基础上,通过对城市公交线网进行合理布局,对现有公交运力进行优化组合,最大程度地发挥系统的最佳效益。因此合理的优化方案对于提高公交服务水平和整体效率,促进公交优先的发展,改善城市交通状况具有重要意义。
本文由公交线网优化的研究背景、国内外研究现状、公交需求预测、公交线网优化的相关概念、公交线网优化方法、模型和安阳市公交线网优化的具体实例几大部分组成。公交需求预测是公交线网优化的基础,本文在具体实例中,建立了具体的公交需求预测模型,对安阳市公交出行OD矩阵进行了预测。并以此为基础,结合安阳市的道路网结构按公交线路功能层次,分级采用“逐条布设,优化成网”的优化方法,在具体布设过程中运用蚁群算法进行路径选择和调整,收到了较好的效果。
"Walking " is a question that people living in the city must face every day, how to help people lived in cities reach the destination with the shortest time, the most convenient means of transportation, the shortest distance, which is the question that each urban administrator should consider. Bus priority plan is advocated in a lot of cities in China. It is also one of means to provide efficient transit services to ease tranffic problems in big-middle cities, so the regional government and scientific research personnel pay more and more attention on it.
Optimization of urban pubic transit networks is one of main part of big urban passenger transport traffic planning. The objective of the optimization of public transport network is to make the public transport system produce the best benefit by using modern theory of transportation planning and modern computing techniques. The optimization process is to make the public transport network distribution reasonable by optimization and combining the existing public transport capacity. It lies on the existing city road system and public transport capacity.
This paper consists of five parts: analysis of current transit at home and abroad, forecast of transit demand, relevant concept about optimization of urban public transit networks, optimization methods, models and numerical example of Anyang transit network.
It is foundation of public transit networks optimization that is demand forecast of public transit. The dissertation puts forward model of resident trip produce, model of resident trip attract, model of resident trip distributing and forecast resident trip OD matrix of Anyang. Optimizing methods base on colony algorithm is put forth and public transportation in partial Anyang has been optimized, and achieved the good effect.
城市公共交通线网优化是公共交通规划的重要组成部分之一。城市公交线网优化研究的宗旨在于运用现代化的交通规划理论及先进的计算技术,在现有城市道路系统和公共交通运力的基础上,通过对城市公交线网进行合理布局,对现有公交运力进行优化组合,最大程度地发挥系统的最佳效益。因此合理的优化方案对于提高公交服务水平和整体效率,促进公交优先的发展,改善城市交通状况具有重要意义。
本文由公交线网优化的研究背景、国内外研究现状、公交需求预测、公交线网优化的相关概念、公交线网优化方法、模型和安阳市公交线网优化的具体实例几大部分组成。公交需求预测是公交线网优化的基础,本文在具体实例中,建立了具体的公交需求预测模型,对安阳市公交出行OD矩阵进行了预测。并以此为基础,结合安阳市的道路网结构按公交线路功能层次,分级采用“逐条布设,优化成网”的优化方法,在具体布设过程中运用蚁群算法进行路径选择和调整,收到了较好的效果。
"Walking " is a question that people living in the city must face every day, how to help people lived in cities reach the destination with the shortest time, the most convenient means of transportation, the shortest distance, which is the question that each urban administrator should consider. Bus priority plan is advocated in a lot of cities in China. It is also one of means to provide efficient transit services to ease tranffic problems in big-middle cities, so the regional government and scientific research personnel pay more and more attention on it.
Optimization of urban pubic transit networks is one of main part of big urban passenger transport traffic planning. The objective of the optimization of public transport network is to make the public transport system produce the best benefit by using modern theory of transportation planning and modern computing techniques. The optimization process is to make the public transport network distribution reasonable by optimization and combining the existing public transport capacity. It lies on the existing city road system and public transport capacity.
This paper consists of five parts: analysis of current transit at home and abroad, forecast of transit demand, relevant concept about optimization of urban public transit networks, optimization methods, models and numerical example of Anyang transit network.
It is foundation of public transit networks optimization that is demand forecast of public transit. The dissertation puts forward model of resident trip produce, model of resident trip attract, model of resident trip distributing and forecast resident trip OD matrix of Anyang. Optimizing methods base on colony algorithm is put forth and public transportation in partial Anyang has been optimized, and achieved the good effect.
引文
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[2] Sullivan D. Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport AnIsochrone Approach[J]. Geographical Information Science, 2000,14(1):123-157
[3]王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛等.城市交通规划理论及其应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 1998.9: 123-130
[4]孙艳丰.基于遗传算法的城市交通运输网优化问题研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,41(3):25-28
[5]陈洪仁,冯树民.分层限制的公交线网优化模型[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001,34(5):113-115
[6]杨兆升.交通运输系统规划一有关理论与方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.9:31-69
[7]王炜,杨新苗,顾伟平等.公交线路客流模糊神经网络预测模型[J].公路交通科技, 2001.17
[8]范海燕,范炳全,张林峰.灰色BP网络预测方法在公交客流预测值中的作用[J].上海理工大学学报, 2003.1
[9]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[10]胡刚.城市公共交通网络及站点优化技术研究[D].博士学位论文,东南大学,2003
[11]城市道路交通规划设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,1995
[12]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立.大连铁道学院学报,1997,18(4):31-34
[13]张纲.城市公交网络优化模型及评价系统[D].硕士论文,北方交通大学,1987
[14]于景飞.大城市常规公交线网优化方法研究及应用[D].硕士学位论文,合肥工业大学,2005
[15]忻斌健,汪镭,吴启迪.蚁群算法的研究现状和应用及蚂蚁智能体的硬件实现[J].同济大学学报,2002, 1:82-87
[16] Merkle D., Middendorf M., Schmeck H.. Ant colony algorithm for resource-constrained project Scheduleling.IEEE Trans.on Evolutionary Computation,2002,2(4):333-339
[17]王炜,陈学武,陆建等.城市交通系统可持续发展理论体系研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.2
[18] John E. B.,Patrick R. M. . Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem, Advanced Engineering Informatics, 18(2004):41-48
[19] Dorigo M. Gambardella L. M. . Ant Colony System: A cooperative Learning Approach to the Travling Saleman Problem. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation , 1(1997):53-65
[20]张治中,何荣希,张云麟等.基于蚂蚁算法的WDM网络动态逻辑拓扑重配置[J].通信学报,2000,4:52-57
[21] Colomi A., Dorigo M., Mand M. V.. An investigation of some properties of ant algorithm[A]. In:Proc.of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature(PPSN)[C]. France:Elsiver. 1992:509-520
[22]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997, 12(4)
[23]安阳市总体城市规划(2007～2020),中国城市规划设计研究院、安阳市规划局,2007
[24]林柏梁,杨富社,李鹏.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型[J].中国公路学报, Vol.12, No.1, Jan.1999:79-83
[25]杨超,李彬.城市公交线网优化图论模型预算法[J].同济大学学报,1998,6
[26]杨兆升.城市公共交通网络化[J].汽车运输,1985
[27]王晓东.计算机算法设计与分析[M].电子工业出版社,2001
[28]赵建有,闫旺.基于蚁群算法的配送网络规划研究[J].国际运输与物流学术论文集[D]. 2004: 617-62
[29]胡坚明.智能公共交通系统关键理论和实施技术研究[D].博士论文,吉林大学,2001
[30]北京市公共电、汽车线网系统规划实施方案.中国城市规划设计研究院,2003
[31]谢迪.城市公交线网优化研究[D].硕士学位论文,西安建筑科技大学,2007
[32]安阳市城市综合交通规划(2007～2020).中国城市规划设计研究院、安阳市城市规划局,2008
[33]邹志云.城市公交规划模型及应用研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南大学,2000
[34]陈宽民,王建军.西安市公共交通现状分析及战略规划[J].长安大学学报,2002.11
[35]孙爱允.大城市公交线网规划一般方法研究[D].硕士论文,东南大学,1996
[36]马良河,刘信斌,廖大庆.城市公交线路网络图的最短路与乘车路线问题.教学的实践与认识,2004,34(6):38-44
[37] Reimann M., Doerner K., Hartl R. F.. D-Ants: Savings Based Ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem[J]. Computers & Operation Research 31(2004):563-591
[38]张治中,何荣希,张云麟等.基于蚂蚁算法的WDM网络动态逻辑拓扑重配置[J].通信学报,2000,4:52-57
[39] John E. B., Patrick R. M.. Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics 18(2004):41-48
[40]成镑文.城市公共交通线网优化设计模型和方法[J].系统工程理论和实践,1990,10(7):72-77
[41]康拥政.城市公交线网规划理论及应用技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,石家庄铁道学院,2006
[2] Sullivan D. Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport AnIsochrone Approach[J]. Geographical Information Science, 2000,14(1):123-157
[3]王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛等.城市交通规划理论及其应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 1998.9: 123-130
[4]孙艳丰.基于遗传算法的城市交通运输网优化问题研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,41(3):25-28
[5]陈洪仁,冯树民.分层限制的公交线网优化模型[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001,34(5):113-115
[6]杨兆升.交通运输系统规划一有关理论与方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.9:31-69
[7]王炜,杨新苗,顾伟平等.公交线路客流模糊神经网络预测模型[J].公路交通科技, 2001.17
[8]范海燕,范炳全,张林峰.灰色BP网络预测方法在公交客流预测值中的作用[J].上海理工大学学报, 2003.1
[9]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[10]胡刚.城市公共交通网络及站点优化技术研究[D].博士学位论文,东南大学,2003
[11]城市道路交通规划设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,1995
[12]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立.大连铁道学院学报,1997,18(4):31-34
[13]张纲.城市公交网络优化模型及评价系统[D].硕士论文,北方交通大学,1987
[14]于景飞.大城市常规公交线网优化方法研究及应用[D].硕士学位论文,合肥工业大学,2005
[15]忻斌健,汪镭,吴启迪.蚁群算法的研究现状和应用及蚂蚁智能体的硬件实现[J].同济大学学报,2002, 1:82-87
[16] Merkle D., Middendorf M., Schmeck H.. Ant colony algorithm for resource-constrained project Scheduleling.IEEE Trans.on Evolutionary Computation,2002,2(4):333-339
[17]王炜,陈学武,陆建等.城市交通系统可持续发展理论体系研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.2
[18] John E. B.,Patrick R. M. . Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem, Advanced Engineering Informatics, 18(2004):41-48
[19] Dorigo M. Gambardella L. M. . Ant Colony System: A cooperative Learning Approach to the Travling Saleman Problem. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation , 1(1997):53-65
[20]张治中,何荣希,张云麟等.基于蚂蚁算法的WDM网络动态逻辑拓扑重配置[J].通信学报,2000,4:52-57
[21] Colomi A., Dorigo M., Mand M. V.. An investigation of some properties of ant algorithm[A]. In:Proc.of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature(PPSN)[C]. France:Elsiver. 1992:509-520
[22]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997, 12(4)
[23]安阳市总体城市规划(2007～2020),中国城市规划设计研究院、安阳市规划局,2007
[24]林柏梁,杨富社,李鹏.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型[J].中国公路学报, Vol.12, No.1, Jan.1999:79-83
[25]杨超,李彬.城市公交线网优化图论模型预算法[J].同济大学学报,1998,6
[26]杨兆升.城市公共交通网络化[J].汽车运输,1985
[27]王晓东.计算机算法设计与分析[M].电子工业出版社,2001
[28]赵建有,闫旺.基于蚁群算法的配送网络规划研究[J].国际运输与物流学术论文集[D]. 2004: 617-62
[29]胡坚明.智能公共交通系统关键理论和实施技术研究[D].博士论文,吉林大学,2001
[30]北京市公共电、汽车线网系统规划实施方案.中国城市规划设计研究院,2003
[31]谢迪.城市公交线网优化研究[D].硕士学位论文,西安建筑科技大学,2007
[32]安阳市城市综合交通规划(2007～2020).中国城市规划设计研究院、安阳市城市规划局,2008
[33]邹志云.城市公交规划模型及应用研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南大学,2000
[34]陈宽民,王建军.西安市公共交通现状分析及战略规划[J].长安大学学报,2002.11
[35]孙爱允.大城市公交线网规划一般方法研究[D].硕士论文,东南大学,1996
[36]马良河,刘信斌,廖大庆.城市公交线路网络图的最短路与乘车路线问题.教学的实践与认识,2004,34(6):38-44
[37] Reimann M., Doerner K., Hartl R. F.. D-Ants: Savings Based Ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem[J]. Computers & Operation Research 31(2004):563-591
[38]张治中,何荣希,张云麟等.基于蚂蚁算法的WDM网络动态逻辑拓扑重配置[J].通信学报,2000,4:52-57
[39] John E. B., Patrick R. M.. Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics 18(2004):41-48
[40]成镑文.城市公共交通线网优化设计模型和方法[J].系统工程理论和实践,1990,10(7):72-77
[41]康拥政.城市公交线网规划理论及应用技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,石家庄铁道学院,2006