试论流动人口犯罪
摘要
当前我国流动人口规模日益扩大,频率愈来愈快,范围愈来愈广。伴随着大规模的人口流动,流动人口犯罪频繁发生,严重危害着社会治安,使人民群众丧失安全感,从而成为社会普遍关注的热点问题。本文立足于社会主义和谐社会的建设,放眼经济社会又快又好发展,以衡阳市两县两区流动人口犯罪为例证,探讨分析了流动人口犯罪的主要类型特征及成因,并尝试提出控制这类犯罪行为的方法措施。全文对流动人口犯罪问题的分析注重把握三个结合。首先,是注重把握流动人口犯罪共性和个性的结合。经济社会转型期历来是犯罪高发期,现在滋生诱发违法犯罪的因素很多,但研究此类犯罪不能忽视产生犯罪的一般原因,否则研究将迷失方向;其次是注重把握理论和实践的结合。流动人口犯罪是改革开放进程中的伴生物,是全面快速发展中出现的犯罪现象。文中倡导“没有调查就没有发言权”,“没有思考就没有发言权”,试图以社会反常态论、相对剥夺论等犯罪学理论为参照系,逐步解构引发流动人口犯罪的多元因素,即户籍壁垒与人口流动的城市化方向之冲突;不平等的就业权与流动人口参与城市经济建设的强烈愿望之冲突;重效益、轻公平的分配现状与流动人口的基本城市生活需求之冲突,流动人口管理理念、制度及手段与社会稳定和谐之冲突;再次是注重把握解决问题对策上宏观和微观的结合。在明确犯罪治理目的和手段的基础上,提出了综合施治的具体措施:政法专门机关应建立健全打防控管一体化机制,充分履职履责、压降发案,提升公众安全感和满意度;各级政府决策者,应重视源头治本,大力推进新农村建设,解决好农村剩余劳动力出路;切实改进流动人口管理,堵塞违法犯罪漏洞;积极推进流动人口社会保障体系建设,切实维护其最切身、最直接、最现实的利益。全文还自始至终地强调,流动人口的主体是农民工等弱势群体,各级各部门务必践行“执政为公、一心为民”理念,坚持以人为本,通过扎实的工作,让包括流动人口在内的社会大多数“共享太平、共建繁荣”。
Currently in our country the scale of transient population is expanding day by day, the frequency of it is speeding up , and the scope of it is increasingly broad。With the large-scale transient population, the transient population crime is occurring frequently. It harms the public security seriously and it makes the people deprived of a sense of security, so it becomes the hot topic of the social universal attention. The text discusses and analyzes the predominant types of transient population crime and the cause of formation of it, attemps to bring forward how to control this kind of criminality by way of illustration transient population crime of two counties and two areas in Hengyang, basing on the construction of the socialism harmonious society, taking a broad view the development of the economic society. The analysis of ransient population cime should pay attention to three combinations. Firstly, I pay attention to grasp the combination of universality and individuality of transient population crime. There is always more crime and more factors to induce the illegal crime in the reforming time of economic society. But studying this kind of crime cannot ignore the reason which can lead to the crime, otherwise, the research will missing the direction. Secondly I pay attention to the combination of the theory and the practice. The transient population crime is associated with reform and opening policy, which appears in the comprehensive and fast development. The article stands for "No investigation no remark", " No thinking no remark ". Trying to make frame of reference from the criminological theory of abnormality and reative deprivation ,the article gradually analyses multi-element factors of transient population crime ,which include household register barrier collision with the urbanization direction of population movement、inequality of the right of employment collision with the transient population participation in the urban economy construction、heavy benefit and light fair distribution collision with the basic city life demand of transient population and the management idea、system and means of transient population collision with social stability and harmony. Third, I pay attention to grasp the strategy of macroscopic and microscopic junction to solve the problem. The article propounds relevant synthetic regulating measures on the basis of specific purpose and measures of treating crime, the procuratorial judicial and public security organs should establish the striking-precaution- control-management integration mechanism and fulfill the obligation around in order to reduce the case and promote the public's sense of security and degree of satisfaction; To all levels of government policy-makers, the suggestion should focus on a permanent cure, to advance the new rural reconstruction, to solve the countryside surplus labor force outlet, to improve the management of transient population, to stop up the illegal crime loophole, to advance positively the transient population social security system construction, practically to maintain practically their personal、direct and realistic benefit. From beginning to end this article stresses that the main body of transient population is the weak group like rural workers, that all levels of various departments should fulfill the idea that "powering on the common good、seting one's heart for the people" ,that they should persist humanist and let most of the social including the transient population share peace and let them construct the prosperity altogether through work seriously.
Currently in our country the scale of transient population is expanding day by day, the frequency of it is speeding up , and the scope of it is increasingly broad。With the large-scale transient population, the transient population crime is occurring frequently. It harms the public security seriously and it makes the people deprived of a sense of security, so it becomes the hot topic of the social universal attention. The text discusses and analyzes the predominant types of transient population crime and the cause of formation of it, attemps to bring forward how to control this kind of criminality by way of illustration transient population crime of two counties and two areas in Hengyang, basing on the construction of the socialism harmonious society, taking a broad view the development of the economic society. The analysis of ransient population cime should pay attention to three combinations. Firstly, I pay attention to grasp the combination of universality and individuality of transient population crime. There is always more crime and more factors to induce the illegal crime in the reforming time of economic society. But studying this kind of crime cannot ignore the reason which can lead to the crime, otherwise, the research will missing the direction. Secondly I pay attention to the combination of the theory and the practice. The transient population crime is associated with reform and opening policy, which appears in the comprehensive and fast development. The article stands for "No investigation no remark", " No thinking no remark ". Trying to make frame of reference from the criminological theory of abnormality and reative deprivation ,the article gradually analyses multi-element factors of transient population crime ,which include household register barrier collision with the urbanization direction of population movement、inequality of the right of employment collision with the transient population participation in the urban economy construction、heavy benefit and light fair distribution collision with the basic city life demand of transient population and the management idea、system and means of transient population collision with social stability and harmony. Third, I pay attention to grasp the strategy of macroscopic and microscopic junction to solve the problem. The article propounds relevant synthetic regulating measures on the basis of specific purpose and measures of treating crime, the procuratorial judicial and public security organs should establish the striking-precaution- control-management integration mechanism and fulfill the obligation around in order to reduce the case and promote the public's sense of security and degree of satisfaction; To all levels of government policy-makers, the suggestion should focus on a permanent cure, to advance the new rural reconstruction, to solve the countryside surplus labor force outlet, to improve the management of transient population, to stop up the illegal crime loophole, to advance positively the transient population social security system construction, practically to maintain practically their personal、direct and realistic benefit. From beginning to end this article stresses that the main body of transient population is the weak group like rural workers, that all levels of various departments should fulfill the idea that "powering on the common good、seting one's heart for the people" ,that they should persist humanist and let most of the social including the transient population share peace and let them construct the prosperity altogether through work seriously.
引文
[1]黄公元.简论流动人口对我国人口控制的影响[J].人与经济,1990,(1).
[2]转引自胡建刚.当前流动人口违法犯罪的特点及预防对策[J].湖南公安高等专科学校校报,2002,(4).
[1]参见湖南省2006年流动人口管理与服务工作动态.
[2]黄季苏.感言革命[J].读书,2001,(1):21.
[1]吴宗宪.西方犯罪学史[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1999:639.
[1]迪尔凯姆.自杀论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996:233.
[2]吴宗宪.西方犯罪学史[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1999:636.
[3]麻国安.中国的流动人口与犯罪[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2000:122.
[1]肖剑鸣.犯罪演化论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005:117.
[2]同上注[1]
[1]引自丁家祥.试论在和谐社会理念下的流动人口管理问题[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,2005,(5).
[1]曹凤.第五次高峰:当代中国犯罪问题[M].北京:今日中国出版社,1997:134.
[2]陆建华.中国社会问题报告[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:84.
[3]参见/民工潮与民工荒的背后[N].人民日报,2006-9-26(16).
[1]参见衡阳市统计局2006年调研分析报告.
[1]参见/民工潮与民工荒的背后[N].人民日报,2006-9-26(16).
[2]参见/胡锦涛总书记在十六届六中全会上的讲话[N].法制时报,2006-10-12.
[3]同上注[1]
[1]引自:科发展观学习读本[M].北京:学习出版社,2006:32.
[1][法]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M].北京:商务印书馆,1963:83.
[2]尹昔华.法律的真谛[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2006:480.
[1]王牧.现代犯罪对策遭遇的挑战[C].北京:法大2001年刑法学研究文集.
[2]钟政轩.长治久安之路[J].长安,1999,(3).
[1][法]乔治·比尔.犯罪学的思考与展望(中译本)[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1992:21-22.
[2]王牧.现代犯罪对策遭遇的挑战[C].北京:法大2001年刑法学研究文集.
[1]参见/中国农民工调研报告[R].北京:中国言实出版社,2006:81.
[2]参见/中国农民工调研报告[R].北京:中国言实出版社,2006:142.
[1]参见/中国农民工调研报告[R].北京:中国言实出版社,2006:140.
[1]参见湖南省2006年流动人口管理服务经验交流会衡阳发言材料.
[1]李迎生.中国社会保障制度模式的合理选择[J].社会保障制度,2003,(12).
[1]希望,晃动在飘忽的生活里[N].潇湘晨报,2006-9-26(24).
[1]引自陈小玉.转型期流动人口犯罪的社会控制[J].安徽工业大学学报,2002,(2).
[2]王跃模.流动人口犯罪侦控方略[J].河北公安警察职业学院报,2005,(4).
[1]王跃模.流动人口犯罪侦控方略[J].河北公安警察职业学院报,2005,(4).
[1]陈小玉.转型期流动人口犯罪的社会控制[J].安徽工业大学学报,2002,(2).
[1]参见衡阳市政法委2005年工作总结.
[1]参见衡阳走向平安[N].湖南日报,2005-10-31.
[1]参见创建平安衡阳取得阶段性成果[N].衡阳日报,2006-9-14.
[2]同注[1]
[1]麻国安.中国流动人口与犯罪[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2000.
[2]王智民.当前中国流动人口犯罪研究[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2002.
[3]康树华.全面建设小康社会进程中犯罪研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[4]肖剑鸣.犯罪演化论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[5]罗德文.久安之路[M],2003.
[6]曹凤.第五次高峰:当代中国犯罪问题[M].北京:今日中国出版社,1997.
[7]陆建华.中国社会问题报告[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[8]王贻星,雷东生.社会治安防控体系建设[M].北京:研究公安部研究室.
[9]马克昌.犯罪通论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[10]魏平雄.犯罪学教程[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1998.
[11]肖剑鸣.犯罪学引论[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1992.
[12]尹晋华.法律的真理[M].北京:中国检察出版社2006.
[1]陈小玉.转型期流动人口犯罪的社会控制[J].安徽工业大学学报,第2期.
[2]王牧.现代犯罪对策遭遇的挑战法[D].大刑法学研究文集.
[3]王跃模.流动人口犯罪侦控方略[J].河北公安警察职业学院,2003,(12).
[4]徐志林.上海外来流动人口犯罪现状的社会学分析与控制对策[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,2004,(29).
[5]丁家祥.试论在和谐社会理念下的流动人口管理问题[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,第19卷第5期.
[6]韩学军.有效控制流动人口犯罪的对策和建议[J].辽宁公安司法管理干部学院,2005,(6).
[7]方建中.流动人口犯罪实证研究[J].求索.2003,(6).
[8]胡建刚.当前流动人口违法犯罪的特点及预防对策[J].湖南公安高等专科学校学报,2003,(10).
[9]周路.重视对当代犯罪中观、微观规律的实证研究[J].贵州警官职业学院学报,2002,(6).
[10]肖艳红.城市化与农村流动人口犯罪问题原因分析[J].甘肃理论学刊,2003,(3).
[11]迟书君.深圳流动人口婚姻家庭状况调查报告[J].青年研究,2006,(11).
[12]张跃.关于取消暂住证管理制度的思考[J].公安研究,2003,(9).
[13]王大中.流动人口犯罪问题透视[J].中国人民公安大学学报.2004,(5).
[14]郑永红.基尼系数与流动人口犯罪[J].湖北警官学院学报.2004,(1).
[15]王鸣.论我国流动人口的犯罪问题及其对策[J].湖南税务高等专科学校学报,2003,(3).
[16]占少华.农民工的管理与服务机制探析[J].青年研究,2005,(5).
[17]曹新.当代流动人口研究[D].http:11zgyi126.com.
[18]朱相远.中国意识到社会失衡的危险环球[J].2005,(7).
[19]王志强.试论和谐社会构建中的预防犯罪机制[J].现代法学,2005,(4).
[20]庄劲.犯罪预防体系的第三支柱[J].犯罪研究,2003,(2).
[2]转引自胡建刚.当前流动人口违法犯罪的特点及预防对策[J].湖南公安高等专科学校校报,2002,(4).
[1]参见湖南省2006年流动人口管理与服务工作动态.
[2]黄季苏.感言革命[J].读书,2001,(1):21.
[1]吴宗宪.西方犯罪学史[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1999:639.
[1]迪尔凯姆.自杀论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996:233.
[2]吴宗宪.西方犯罪学史[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1999:636.
[3]麻国安.中国的流动人口与犯罪[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2000:122.
[1]肖剑鸣.犯罪演化论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005:117.
[2]同上注[1]
[1]引自丁家祥.试论在和谐社会理念下的流动人口管理问题[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,2005,(5).
[1]曹凤.第五次高峰:当代中国犯罪问题[M].北京:今日中国出版社,1997:134.
[2]陆建华.中国社会问题报告[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:84.
[3]参见/民工潮与民工荒的背后[N].人民日报,2006-9-26(16).
[1]参见衡阳市统计局2006年调研分析报告.
[1]参见/民工潮与民工荒的背后[N].人民日报,2006-9-26(16).
[2]参见/胡锦涛总书记在十六届六中全会上的讲话[N].法制时报,2006-10-12.
[3]同上注[1]
[1]引自:科发展观学习读本[M].北京:学习出版社,2006:32.
[1][法]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M].北京:商务印书馆,1963:83.
[2]尹昔华.法律的真谛[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2006:480.
[1]王牧.现代犯罪对策遭遇的挑战[C].北京:法大2001年刑法学研究文集.
[2]钟政轩.长治久安之路[J].长安,1999,(3).
[1][法]乔治·比尔.犯罪学的思考与展望(中译本)[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1992:21-22.
[2]王牧.现代犯罪对策遭遇的挑战[C].北京:法大2001年刑法学研究文集.
[1]参见/中国农民工调研报告[R].北京:中国言实出版社,2006:81.
[2]参见/中国农民工调研报告[R].北京:中国言实出版社,2006:142.
[1]参见/中国农民工调研报告[R].北京:中国言实出版社,2006:140.
[1]参见湖南省2006年流动人口管理服务经验交流会衡阳发言材料.
[1]李迎生.中国社会保障制度模式的合理选择[J].社会保障制度,2003,(12).
[1]希望,晃动在飘忽的生活里[N].潇湘晨报,2006-9-26(24).
[1]引自陈小玉.转型期流动人口犯罪的社会控制[J].安徽工业大学学报,2002,(2).
[2]王跃模.流动人口犯罪侦控方略[J].河北公安警察职业学院报,2005,(4).
[1]王跃模.流动人口犯罪侦控方略[J].河北公安警察职业学院报,2005,(4).
[1]陈小玉.转型期流动人口犯罪的社会控制[J].安徽工业大学学报,2002,(2).
[1]参见衡阳市政法委2005年工作总结.
[1]参见衡阳走向平安[N].湖南日报,2005-10-31.
[1]参见创建平安衡阳取得阶段性成果[N].衡阳日报,2006-9-14.
[2]同注[1]
[1]麻国安.中国流动人口与犯罪[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2000.
[2]王智民.当前中国流动人口犯罪研究[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2002.
[3]康树华.全面建设小康社会进程中犯罪研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[4]肖剑鸣.犯罪演化论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[5]罗德文.久安之路[M],2003.
[6]曹凤.第五次高峰:当代中国犯罪问题[M].北京:今日中国出版社,1997.
[7]陆建华.中国社会问题报告[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[8]王贻星,雷东生.社会治安防控体系建设[M].北京:研究公安部研究室.
[9]马克昌.犯罪通论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[10]魏平雄.犯罪学教程[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1998.
[11]肖剑鸣.犯罪学引论[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1992.
[12]尹晋华.法律的真理[M].北京:中国检察出版社2006.
[1]陈小玉.转型期流动人口犯罪的社会控制[J].安徽工业大学学报,第2期.
[2]王牧.现代犯罪对策遭遇的挑战法[D].大刑法学研究文集.
[3]王跃模.流动人口犯罪侦控方略[J].河北公安警察职业学院,2003,(12).
[4]徐志林.上海外来流动人口犯罪现状的社会学分析与控制对策[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,2004,(29).
[5]丁家祥.试论在和谐社会理念下的流动人口管理问题[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,第19卷第5期.
[6]韩学军.有效控制流动人口犯罪的对策和建议[J].辽宁公安司法管理干部学院,2005,(6).
[7]方建中.流动人口犯罪实证研究[J].求索.2003,(6).
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