科技企业孵化器集群机理研究
摘要
随着科技企业孵化器在推动高新技术产业发展、扶持中小企业、科技成果转化以及培育区域经济增长点等方面突出作用的不断发挥,科技企业孵化器得以快速发展,呈现出规模化、网络化、专业化、国际化和集群的态势。科技企业孵化器集群是科技企业孵化器发展到一定程度后形成的孵化器集群。科技企业孵化器集群具有不同于其他经济系统的独特功能,被提到城市经营和区域创新体系建设的核心位置。科技企业孵化器集群既是科技企业寻求孵化服务的必然结果,亦是科技企业孵化器自身发挥规模经济与范围经济的直接反映。
本文的研究旨在深入剖析科技企业孵化器集群的基本内涵与理论渊源,探讨科技企业孵化器集群形成的微观机理,测度科技企业孵化器绩效,从宏观、中观与微观三个层次提出科技企业孵化器的培育途径,并以我国科技企业孵化器及其集群的典型案例进行分析。
基于产业经济学、区域经济学、新制度经济学理论,本文得出关于科技企业孵化器产生与发展的主要观点:科技企业孵化器集群作为一种特殊的产业组织,其组织规则制定、组织结构特征、竞争与垄断策略对于科技企业孵化器集群的产生与发展具有重要影响;孵化器具有培育区域创新主体、推进区域经济、实现区域协调发展的功能;其本质是为了节约企业交易费用的一种制度安排。
本文基于规模经济、范围经济以及进化博弈的视角,探讨了科技企业孵化器集群的原理,认为合并经济成本与约束成本的增加以及竞争成本的降低,将有利于形成各科技企业孵化器选择进入孵化器集群。
科技企业孵化器集群的健康发展离不开科学和规范的绩效评价。本文从相关经济学原理的角度明确了科技企业孵化器集群绩效的概念与内涵,并结合“环境—要素—过程”(“3C”)的指标体系构建思路,运用系统动力学与“目标—准则—指标”的层次结构分析原理,提出了我国科技企业孵化器集群的绩效评价方法。
论文从政府行为、市场机制、平台建设三个维度全面论证科技企业孵化器集群的途径,认为:科技企业孵化器集群在我国的发展是政府意志和民间意志的双重体现,孵化器所具有的准公共物品特性促使政府的介入;政府行为主要体现在建立科技企业孵化器集群专业技术平台和网络平台两个方面。
论文运用实证与统计分析方法,对我国科技企业孵化器及其典型集群、武汉市科技企业孵化器集群—科技企业孵化城建设案例进行了研究,并认为武汉市科技企业孵化城的实质是基于区域空间概念的城市科技企业孵化系统集群。
本文的理论意义在于较为系统地构建科技企业孵化器集群的理论框架,试图促进创业经济学、产业经济学、创新经济学等学科的交叉并拓展其应用领域,从微观角度探讨科技企业孵化器集群这一相对宏观的问题。其实践意义在于提出科技企业孵化器集群的培育途径与模式,构建科技企业孵化器集群绩效评价的方法体系,为科技企业孵化器集群的相关制度建设服务。
High-Tech Business Incubator(TBI) grows rapidly due to its significant role in promoting high-tech industries,supporting middle and small businesses, transforming scientific products,breeding regional economic growth areas,and there appears the tendency of large scale,networked,professional,international and clustering production.High-Tech Business Incubator Cluster(TBIC) is the development result of TBI to a certain degree.TBIC has its special function which is different from other economic systems and has been put onto the key position of municipal management and regional innovation system.TBIC is not only the natural result of high-tech business while seeking for incubation service,but also the direct reflection of TBI itself when exerting the influences of scale and scope economies.
The objective of this study is to have a through analysis on the basic connotation and theoretical origins of TBIC,discuss the microcosmic mechanism of TBIC formation,and measure the performance of TBI.The breeding approaches of TBI will be put forward from the macro-,meso- and micro-scopic points of view.Some typical examples of TBI and TBIC in China will be analysed.
Based on the theories of industrial,regional and new institutional economics,the following points on the production and development of TBI have been made:as a special industrial organization,the establishment of TBIC constitutional rules, characteristics of constitutional structure,and competition and monopolization strategies play important roles in the production and development of TBIC;TBI has the function of breeding regional innovation body,promoting regional economy, realizing regional development in harmony;the essence of TBIC is a constitutional arrangement for saving the trading expenses among enterprises.
This study discussed the principles of TBIC from the points of view of scale economy,scope economy and evolutionary game.It has been concluded that merger of economic costs,restriction of cost increase and reduction of completion cost will benefit for the entry of TBI to TBIC.
The healthy development of TBIC is dependant on the scientific and normative performance evaluation.This study clarifies the concept and connotation of TBIC performance,from the point of relevant economics,and puts forward the methodologies of performance evaluation on TBIC in China by combining the construction of ideas of"circumstance-constituent-course"("3C") index system and employing systematic dynamics and the principle of "target-principle-index" hiberarchy analysis.
The TBIC approaches have been thoroughly demonstrated from the three aspects of government action,market mechanism,and platform construction.It shows that the development of TBIC in China is the dual reflection of government and civic volitions.The quasi-public goods characteristics of TBI impels the government intervention.Government actions are mainly embodied in the construction of TBIC technological and network platforms.
Construction cases of TBI and its typical cluster,Wuhan TBIC-Wuhan TBI city have been studied by employing the methods of demonstration and statistical analysis, and it is suggested that the essence of Wuhan TBI city is a TBIC based on the regional space concept.
The theoretical significance of this study lies in the systematic construction of the theoretical framework of TBIC,trying to promote the interdisciplinary research among venture economics,industrial economics and innovation economics,and expand its field of application,as well as discussing the macroscopic issue of TBIC from the microscopic point of view.The practical significance of this study is to put forward the breeding approaches and models of TBIC,establish the TBIC performance evaluation system,and serve for the relevant TBIC system construction.
本文的研究旨在深入剖析科技企业孵化器集群的基本内涵与理论渊源,探讨科技企业孵化器集群形成的微观机理,测度科技企业孵化器绩效,从宏观、中观与微观三个层次提出科技企业孵化器的培育途径,并以我国科技企业孵化器及其集群的典型案例进行分析。
基于产业经济学、区域经济学、新制度经济学理论,本文得出关于科技企业孵化器产生与发展的主要观点:科技企业孵化器集群作为一种特殊的产业组织,其组织规则制定、组织结构特征、竞争与垄断策略对于科技企业孵化器集群的产生与发展具有重要影响;孵化器具有培育区域创新主体、推进区域经济、实现区域协调发展的功能;其本质是为了节约企业交易费用的一种制度安排。
本文基于规模经济、范围经济以及进化博弈的视角,探讨了科技企业孵化器集群的原理,认为合并经济成本与约束成本的增加以及竞争成本的降低,将有利于形成各科技企业孵化器选择进入孵化器集群。
科技企业孵化器集群的健康发展离不开科学和规范的绩效评价。本文从相关经济学原理的角度明确了科技企业孵化器集群绩效的概念与内涵,并结合“环境—要素—过程”(“3C”)的指标体系构建思路,运用系统动力学与“目标—准则—指标”的层次结构分析原理,提出了我国科技企业孵化器集群的绩效评价方法。
论文从政府行为、市场机制、平台建设三个维度全面论证科技企业孵化器集群的途径,认为:科技企业孵化器集群在我国的发展是政府意志和民间意志的双重体现,孵化器所具有的准公共物品特性促使政府的介入;政府行为主要体现在建立科技企业孵化器集群专业技术平台和网络平台两个方面。
论文运用实证与统计分析方法,对我国科技企业孵化器及其典型集群、武汉市科技企业孵化器集群—科技企业孵化城建设案例进行了研究,并认为武汉市科技企业孵化城的实质是基于区域空间概念的城市科技企业孵化系统集群。
本文的理论意义在于较为系统地构建科技企业孵化器集群的理论框架,试图促进创业经济学、产业经济学、创新经济学等学科的交叉并拓展其应用领域,从微观角度探讨科技企业孵化器集群这一相对宏观的问题。其实践意义在于提出科技企业孵化器集群的培育途径与模式,构建科技企业孵化器集群绩效评价的方法体系,为科技企业孵化器集群的相关制度建设服务。
High-Tech Business Incubator(TBI) grows rapidly due to its significant role in promoting high-tech industries,supporting middle and small businesses, transforming scientific products,breeding regional economic growth areas,and there appears the tendency of large scale,networked,professional,international and clustering production.High-Tech Business Incubator Cluster(TBIC) is the development result of TBI to a certain degree.TBIC has its special function which is different from other economic systems and has been put onto the key position of municipal management and regional innovation system.TBIC is not only the natural result of high-tech business while seeking for incubation service,but also the direct reflection of TBI itself when exerting the influences of scale and scope economies.
The objective of this study is to have a through analysis on the basic connotation and theoretical origins of TBIC,discuss the microcosmic mechanism of TBIC formation,and measure the performance of TBI.The breeding approaches of TBI will be put forward from the macro-,meso- and micro-scopic points of view.Some typical examples of TBI and TBIC in China will be analysed.
Based on the theories of industrial,regional and new institutional economics,the following points on the production and development of TBI have been made:as a special industrial organization,the establishment of TBIC constitutional rules, characteristics of constitutional structure,and competition and monopolization strategies play important roles in the production and development of TBIC;TBI has the function of breeding regional innovation body,promoting regional economy, realizing regional development in harmony;the essence of TBIC is a constitutional arrangement for saving the trading expenses among enterprises.
This study discussed the principles of TBIC from the points of view of scale economy,scope economy and evolutionary game.It has been concluded that merger of economic costs,restriction of cost increase and reduction of completion cost will benefit for the entry of TBI to TBIC.
The healthy development of TBIC is dependant on the scientific and normative performance evaluation.This study clarifies the concept and connotation of TBIC performance,from the point of relevant economics,and puts forward the methodologies of performance evaluation on TBIC in China by combining the construction of ideas of"circumstance-constituent-course"("3C") index system and employing systematic dynamics and the principle of "target-principle-index" hiberarchy analysis.
The TBIC approaches have been thoroughly demonstrated from the three aspects of government action,market mechanism,and platform construction.It shows that the development of TBIC in China is the dual reflection of government and civic volitions.The quasi-public goods characteristics of TBI impels the government intervention.Government actions are mainly embodied in the construction of TBIC technological and network platforms.
Construction cases of TBI and its typical cluster,Wuhan TBIC-Wuhan TBI city have been studied by employing the methods of demonstration and statistical analysis, and it is suggested that the essence of Wuhan TBI city is a TBIC based on the regional space concept.
The theoretical significance of this study lies in the systematic construction of the theoretical framework of TBIC,trying to promote the interdisciplinary research among venture economics,industrial economics and innovation economics,and expand its field of application,as well as discussing the macroscopic issue of TBIC from the microscopic point of view.The practical significance of this study is to put forward the breeding approaches and models of TBIC,establish the TBIC performance evaluation system,and serve for the relevant TBIC system construction.
引文
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