基于空间光调制器的大动态范围图像采集系统研究
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摘要
图像信息技术是信息领域包含信息量最大最重要的分支之一,在许多重要的应用领域,固体图像传感器的动态范围起着至关重要的作用,所以扩展固体传感器的动态范围是获取更多图像信息的重要手段之一。
本课题研究一种大动态范围的成像(HDRI)技术,它采用空间光调制器和固体图像传感器相结合,根据固体图像传感器的输出信号调节空间光调制器的调制深度,组成一个负反馈闭环控制系统,达到扩展固体成像器件动态范围的目的。论文的主要工作有:
(1)总结分析了现有扩展固体图像传感器动态范围扩展的基础上,提出了基于空间光调制器(LCoS)扩展固体图像传感器动态范围的方法,并设计完成了实验系统。现有系统可将原图像传感器的动态范围扩展42.3db。
(2)对系统的反馈过程进行分析及数学描述后,确定了系统反馈的初始条件、稳定反馈的条件和无灰度倒置条件。通过实验及理论计算,设计了鲁棒PID控制器,获得了较好的实验结果;研究了直接反馈控制的可行性,通过数值计算发现在一定反馈深度范围内,直接反馈可以使输出图像达到收敛。
(3)讨论了HDRI系统中莫尔条纹的产生以及消除系统中莫尔条纹的方法。分别使用基于快速傅立叶变换的切口滤波器的方法、模板插值法和柔化法来消除莫尔条纹,达到了目的。
(4)提出基于硬件系统CLUT表的自适应调整成像对比度方法和基于液晶调制电压自适应调整成像对比度的方法,提高了HDRI系统输出图像的质量。
(5)分析了系统脱机的可能性后,根据HDRI系统需求及FPGA的特点,设计了系统脱机方案,并对方案中各个模块进行了规划。设计了FPGA的嵌入式程序,分析了FPGA的工作时序。
Image information is one of the information technology branches which include the most part of information field. In many important applications, the dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors is critical. As a result, the extension of dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors is one of the key methods to extract more information from imaging.
This project developed a high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) system based on spatial light modulator and solid-state imaging sensors. The depth of modulation of spatial light modulator is determined by the output of solid-state imaging sensors. Hence, a negative-loop control system is constituted to extend the dynamic range of solid-state sensors. This thesis includes the following parts:
(1) An overview of current technologies for the enhancement of dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors. A new method based on LCoS spatial light modulator is developed and the experimental system is designed. The expectation of dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors extension is 42.3db.
(2) The negative-loop feedback control is analyzed and formulated. The initial conditions, stability conditions and (non-gray inversion) conditions of feedback system are determined. Robust PID controller is designed. The feasibility of direct feedback control is studied with simulation. The range of feedback depth is discovered for the convergence of output images.
(3) The appearance of Moire fringes is described and analyzed. The method to eliminate Moire fringes is achieved by three methods: fast Fourier transformation (FFT), interpolation, and smooth.
(4) Two contrast adjustments methods: based on adaptive CLUT table and based on adaptive LCoS driver voltage adjustment designed to improve HDRI output.
(5) With the analysis of the possibility of off-line operation, according to HDRI and FPGA, off-line operation method is designed. Embedded FPGA program is developed and time sequence is analyzed.
本课题研究一种大动态范围的成像(HDRI)技术,它采用空间光调制器和固体图像传感器相结合,根据固体图像传感器的输出信号调节空间光调制器的调制深度,组成一个负反馈闭环控制系统,达到扩展固体成像器件动态范围的目的。论文的主要工作有:
(1)总结分析了现有扩展固体图像传感器动态范围扩展的基础上,提出了基于空间光调制器(LCoS)扩展固体图像传感器动态范围的方法,并设计完成了实验系统。现有系统可将原图像传感器的动态范围扩展42.3db。
(2)对系统的反馈过程进行分析及数学描述后,确定了系统反馈的初始条件、稳定反馈的条件和无灰度倒置条件。通过实验及理论计算,设计了鲁棒PID控制器,获得了较好的实验结果;研究了直接反馈控制的可行性,通过数值计算发现在一定反馈深度范围内,直接反馈可以使输出图像达到收敛。
(3)讨论了HDRI系统中莫尔条纹的产生以及消除系统中莫尔条纹的方法。分别使用基于快速傅立叶变换的切口滤波器的方法、模板插值法和柔化法来消除莫尔条纹,达到了目的。
(4)提出基于硬件系统CLUT表的自适应调整成像对比度方法和基于液晶调制电压自适应调整成像对比度的方法,提高了HDRI系统输出图像的质量。
(5)分析了系统脱机的可能性后,根据HDRI系统需求及FPGA的特点,设计了系统脱机方案,并对方案中各个模块进行了规划。设计了FPGA的嵌入式程序,分析了FPGA的工作时序。
Image information is one of the information technology branches which include the most part of information field. In many important applications, the dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors is critical. As a result, the extension of dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors is one of the key methods to extract more information from imaging.
This project developed a high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) system based on spatial light modulator and solid-state imaging sensors. The depth of modulation of spatial light modulator is determined by the output of solid-state imaging sensors. Hence, a negative-loop control system is constituted to extend the dynamic range of solid-state sensors. This thesis includes the following parts:
(1) An overview of current technologies for the enhancement of dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors. A new method based on LCoS spatial light modulator is developed and the experimental system is designed. The expectation of dynamic range of solid-state imaging sensors extension is 42.3db.
(2) The negative-loop feedback control is analyzed and formulated. The initial conditions, stability conditions and (non-gray inversion) conditions of feedback system are determined. Robust PID controller is designed. The feasibility of direct feedback control is studied with simulation. The range of feedback depth is discovered for the convergence of output images.
(3) The appearance of Moire fringes is described and analyzed. The method to eliminate Moire fringes is achieved by three methods: fast Fourier transformation (FFT), interpolation, and smooth.
(4) Two contrast adjustments methods: based on adaptive CLUT table and based on adaptive LCoS driver voltage adjustment designed to improve HDRI output.
(5) With the analysis of the possibility of off-line operation, according to HDRI and FPGA, off-line operation method is designed. Embedded FPGA program is developed and time sequence is analyzed.
引文
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