基于融资方式的城市基础设施项目分类研究
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摘要
城市基础设施的功能和对区域经济的影响已成为社会经济发展备受关注的重点问题。然而,基础设施项目的公益性性质及巨大的资金投入已成为城市基础设施建设的瓶颈。如何在实现城市基础设施公益性的基础上,改革现有的基础设施项目融资方式,已成为当前亟待解决的问题。其中以项目可经营性为依托的融资方式探索,是目前研究的主要课题之一。
本文在总结国内外城市基础设施建设实践与理论研究的基础上,对现行的城市基础设施项目融资方式进行了分析,找出了目前我国城市基础设施建设融资中存在的“无序性、非均衡性、非市场化”等七个方面的主要问题;并对城市基础设施项目分类方式进行了研究。为以项目可经营性为依托的融资方式研究奠定基础,本文基于融资方式的选择,对城市基础设施项目依据其可经营性进行分类研究。提出了构建城市基础设施项目可经营性指标体系,并根据城市基础设施项目可经营性指数计算模型,将城市基础设施项目按其可经营性进行了界定。定为,纯经营性城市基础设施项目、准经营性城市基础设施项目、非经营性城市基础设施项目,并在此基础上初步探索了城市基础设施项目的融资方式。最后,通过实证分析,从实践角度证明了非经营性项目经营性提升的可行性。
The importance of urban infrastructure has been recognized to the whole world. The infrastructure projects are always needs a huge public investment and a long time to build. But the state's financial investment has been far from its huge demand for funds. Therefore, speeding up infrastructure construction, reform of the infrastructure financing style, improving the efficiency of the infrastructure projects financing has become one of our current problem.
the paper research on the basis of domestic and international urban infrastructure financing theoretical , analyzing the existing urban infrastructure project financing .finding out "disorderly, non-equilibrium , non-market-oriented etc. "are our Serious problem; and studding urban infrastructure projects classification. Then build urban infrastructure projects 'indicators of operating system. So the urban infrastructure projects can be divided into three types .they are net operating urban infrastructure projects quasi-operating urban infrastructure projects, non-operating urban infrastructure projects .Finally, the paper analysis financing to the Xian green space, pointed out the choice of non-managerial infrastructure operation pattern's .Had proven the public welfare project might turn to be the managerial project. That may reduce the government pressure and provide the effective reform direction.
本文在总结国内外城市基础设施建设实践与理论研究的基础上,对现行的城市基础设施项目融资方式进行了分析,找出了目前我国城市基础设施建设融资中存在的“无序性、非均衡性、非市场化”等七个方面的主要问题;并对城市基础设施项目分类方式进行了研究。为以项目可经营性为依托的融资方式研究奠定基础,本文基于融资方式的选择,对城市基础设施项目依据其可经营性进行分类研究。提出了构建城市基础设施项目可经营性指标体系,并根据城市基础设施项目可经营性指数计算模型,将城市基础设施项目按其可经营性进行了界定。定为,纯经营性城市基础设施项目、准经营性城市基础设施项目、非经营性城市基础设施项目,并在此基础上初步探索了城市基础设施项目的融资方式。最后,通过实证分析,从实践角度证明了非经营性项目经营性提升的可行性。
The importance of urban infrastructure has been recognized to the whole world. The infrastructure projects are always needs a huge public investment and a long time to build. But the state's financial investment has been far from its huge demand for funds. Therefore, speeding up infrastructure construction, reform of the infrastructure financing style, improving the efficiency of the infrastructure projects financing has become one of our current problem.
the paper research on the basis of domestic and international urban infrastructure financing theoretical , analyzing the existing urban infrastructure project financing .finding out "disorderly, non-equilibrium , non-market-oriented etc. "are our Serious problem; and studding urban infrastructure projects classification. Then build urban infrastructure projects 'indicators of operating system. So the urban infrastructure projects can be divided into three types .they are net operating urban infrastructure projects quasi-operating urban infrastructure projects, non-operating urban infrastructure projects .Finally, the paper analysis financing to the Xian green space, pointed out the choice of non-managerial infrastructure operation pattern's .Had proven the public welfare project might turn to be the managerial project. That may reduce the government pressure and provide the effective reform direction.
引文
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[28]吕康银,扬秋艳,蒋瑛珊.基础设施建设投融资的创新方案研究[J].商业研究,2002,11.
[29]韩晓岚,费鹏.上海市公交基础设施投融资新方式探索[J].2003,2.
[30]黄抒雁.加快北京城市基础设施投融资体制改革[J].首都经济,2001,5.
[31]袁宏胜,高见,李海英.威海市城市基础设施投融资改革的几点思路[J].山东审计,2002,2.
[32]奕雅钧.西部大开发中的产业投融资问题[J].广东社会科学,2000,5.
[33]纪尽善.马克思经济协调发展理论与西部大开发的资金战略对策[J].当代经济研究,2000,11.
[34]陈逢书.加强财政专项资金管理的对策研究[J].财政研究,2007(10):28-31.
[35]蒋先玲.我国发行市政债券可行性的分析[J].经济问题,2006(03):64-66.
[36]杨慧声.西部地方债券市场:模式选择与制度设计[J].经济学家,2006(03):107-114.
[37] Christine Kessides: Institutional options for the provisions of infrastructure. Word Bank Discussion Paper212. Washington,D.C.1998.
[38]黄贤福,张宇晶. TOT融资方式与项目融资[J].上海会计, 2005, (11).
[39]冯锋,张瑞青.公用事业项目融资及其路径选择——基于BOT、TOT、PPP模式之比较分析[ J].软科学,2007, 19(6).
[40]杨为官,郑维峰.论PFI模式在我国城市经营中的运用[J].经济纵横, 2006, (2).
[2] Goldin ,Kenneth D.”Equal Access VS Selective Access[J].A Critique of public Goods Theory”. Public Choice,1998,53~71.
[3] Patrick Bond, Basic infrastructure for socio-economic development protection and geographicaldesegregation:SouthAfrica’sunmet challenge[J].P.Bond/Geoforum,1999.
[4] Louis Winnick. Economic Questions in Urban Redevelopment[J]. The American Economic Review,1995.17-22 .
[5] TheWorldBank.Growthanalysis.GlobalDevelopmentFinance[J].Washington.D.C,1999,65-68.
[6] Evanggs.A.W.Uthan Economics[J].Basil. Blackwell Ltd,2001,48-51.
[7] Alan T Peacock. The Growth of Expenditure in the United Kingdom[J].Princeton University press,1991,341-348.
[8] G..Warren Nutter. Growth of Government in the west American Enterprise Institute[J]. Policy research working paper,1998,32-44.
[9] E.Oate.Finaneing the New Federalism Review Sharing Conditional Grants and Taxation [J].Johns Hopkins Press,1996,331-336.
[10] Georg.E.Essential of financial management[J].Harper&Row.Nov,1996, 24-27.
[11] Fisher.A.C.The Effect of Investment On Economic Development[J].World Economic Outlook,2000,102-104.
[12]张五常.经济解释[M.]北京商务印书馆,2005,427～433.
[13] R.H.Coase.The lighthouse in economics. Journal of Law and Economic[sJ],1990,57~76.
[14] Demsetz H.The Private Production of Public Goods[J]. Journal of Law and Economics.1993,293~306.
[15] Brubaker ,Farl”Free Rider,Free Revelation or Golden Rule”[J].Journal of Law and Enocmoics.1996,147~161.
[16] Schmitz,David.”Contracts and Public Goods”[J].Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 1992,475~503.
[17] OwenG..MernaA.The private finance initiative. Engineering [J].Construction and Architectural Management,1997, 215-31.
[18] Michael Sparkman, Public-private partnerships. Lessons from the British approach, Economic Systems 2005 ,283-301.
[19]台湾.促进民间参与公共建设法[M].2000,02-09.
[20]李俊元.投融资体制比较[J].机械工业出版社,2003.
[21]建设部城市基础设施投融资体制考察团.法国,西班牙城市基础设施投融资体制考察报告[J].城乡建设,2000,4.
[22]罗光强,基础设施投融资体系的比较[J].经济论坛,2002,12.
[23]刘立峰,付长亭.基础设施投融资的若干问题[J].建筑经济,2006,1.
[24]吴丽萍.西部的投融资渠道探析[D].河北法学硕士论文,2000,5.
[25]孙晓娟.投融资机制对西部经济增长的影响[J].北方经贸,2003,2.
[26]赵弊,周清龙,龙勇.论BOT在西部基础设施建设融资中的跨区域合作[J].经济体制改革,2002.5.
[27]王世伟.私人资本与基础设施投融资[J].技术经济,2003,4.
[28]吕康银,扬秋艳,蒋瑛珊.基础设施建设投融资的创新方案研究[J].商业研究,2002,11.
[29]韩晓岚,费鹏.上海市公交基础设施投融资新方式探索[J].2003,2.
[30]黄抒雁.加快北京城市基础设施投融资体制改革[J].首都经济,2001,5.
[31]袁宏胜,高见,李海英.威海市城市基础设施投融资改革的几点思路[J].山东审计,2002,2.
[32]奕雅钧.西部大开发中的产业投融资问题[J].广东社会科学,2000,5.
[33]纪尽善.马克思经济协调发展理论与西部大开发的资金战略对策[J].当代经济研究,2000,11.
[34]陈逢书.加强财政专项资金管理的对策研究[J].财政研究,2007(10):28-31.
[35]蒋先玲.我国发行市政债券可行性的分析[J].经济问题,2006(03):64-66.
[36]杨慧声.西部地方债券市场:模式选择与制度设计[J].经济学家,2006(03):107-114.
[37] Christine Kessides: Institutional options for the provisions of infrastructure. Word Bank Discussion Paper212. Washington,D.C.1998.
[38]黄贤福,张宇晶. TOT融资方式与项目融资[J].上海会计, 2005, (11).
[39]冯锋,张瑞青.公用事业项目融资及其路径选择——基于BOT、TOT、PPP模式之比较分析[ J].软科学,2007, 19(6).
[40]杨为官,郑维峰.论PFI模式在我国城市经营中的运用[J].经济纵横, 2006, (2).