完善我国公众参与行政问责的初探
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摘要
公众参与行政问责能使我国的行政问责制度更加有效,行政问责制是一个国家政治监督制度的有机组成部分,我国一直提倡建设责任政府,作为责任政府主
要形式的行政问责制度,是民主政治不断发展的必然要求,责任政府的最终目标就是要建设一个为人民服务的,在人民面前负责任的政府,既然是为人民负责任的,就应该多听取人民的意见,建立一些有效的机制让人民参与到行政问责中来。目前,我国公众对参与行政问责已经表现出了一定的积极性,我国政府也相应地采取了一些措施。
本文通过五部分展开论述。第一章为绪论,简要阐述了本文的研究背景及其意义、国内外研究现状以及本文研究的基本内容和研究方法；第二章简要阐述了公众参与行政问责的内涵,公众参与行政问责的理论基础以及公众参与行政问责的价值。第三章从理论与实际相结合的角度分析了我国公众参与行政问责存在的问题和原因,包括行政问责文化滞后,对公众问责的应答机制不健全等诸多困难。第四章分析了国外公众参与行政问责的一些具体做法以及对我国公众参与行政问责的启示。提出了完善我国公众参与行政问责的一些对策,比如说建立完善的公众参与行政问责应答机制,公民应该培养自身的参与行政问责的专业素质等。本文认为,一方面,我们要加强公民参与行政问责的文化培养,改变公民的薄弱的参政意识,改变政府官员的“官本位”思想；另一方面,政府应该为公众参与行政问责搭建良好的平台,良好的制度安排以及有效的行政问责应答机制。第五章为结论。
Public participating administrative accountability can make administrative accountability system more effective. Administrative accountability system is a part of the national political supervision system. China has always advocated the building of responsible government. Administrative accountability system shows our government is responsible and is also requirement of developing democratic politics. The ultimate goal of responsible government is to serve people and to be responsible in front of people.Since our government is responsible for the people, they should listen to the views of people and establish effective mechanism to allow people to participate in administrative accountability. At present, some people have positively participated administrative accountability, and my government has also taken corresponding measures.
This article includes five-parts. The first chapter briefly explains the background and significance of writing this article, and introduces main views at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces definition of public participating in administrative accountability and theories of administrative accountability of public participation and analyses values that public participate in administrative accountability. ChapterⅢanalyses existing problems and reasons theoretically and practically that public participate in administrative accountability in china, including culture falling behind and bad mechanism responsing to public and so on. ChapterⅣgives a number of measures to make public participate in administrative accountability better in China. Including establishing better mechanism responsing to public and training professional qualities that public participate in administrative accountability and so on. The chapterⅤis conclusion. This paper have a few points:on the one hand, we have to strengthen cultural training that public participate in administrative accountability and change concepts that citizens don't want to and can't participate in administrative accountability; on the other hand, the Government should have good platform that make public participate in administrative accountability easily and effective mechanism responsing to public.
要形式的行政问责制度,是民主政治不断发展的必然要求,责任政府的最终目标就是要建设一个为人民服务的,在人民面前负责任的政府,既然是为人民负责任的,就应该多听取人民的意见,建立一些有效的机制让人民参与到行政问责中来。目前,我国公众对参与行政问责已经表现出了一定的积极性,我国政府也相应地采取了一些措施。
本文通过五部分展开论述。第一章为绪论,简要阐述了本文的研究背景及其意义、国内外研究现状以及本文研究的基本内容和研究方法；第二章简要阐述了公众参与行政问责的内涵,公众参与行政问责的理论基础以及公众参与行政问责的价值。第三章从理论与实际相结合的角度分析了我国公众参与行政问责存在的问题和原因,包括行政问责文化滞后,对公众问责的应答机制不健全等诸多困难。第四章分析了国外公众参与行政问责的一些具体做法以及对我国公众参与行政问责的启示。提出了完善我国公众参与行政问责的一些对策,比如说建立完善的公众参与行政问责应答机制,公民应该培养自身的参与行政问责的专业素质等。本文认为,一方面,我们要加强公民参与行政问责的文化培养,改变公民的薄弱的参政意识,改变政府官员的“官本位”思想；另一方面,政府应该为公众参与行政问责搭建良好的平台,良好的制度安排以及有效的行政问责应答机制。第五章为结论。
Public participating administrative accountability can make administrative accountability system more effective. Administrative accountability system is a part of the national political supervision system. China has always advocated the building of responsible government. Administrative accountability system shows our government is responsible and is also requirement of developing democratic politics. The ultimate goal of responsible government is to serve people and to be responsible in front of people.Since our government is responsible for the people, they should listen to the views of people and establish effective mechanism to allow people to participate in administrative accountability. At present, some people have positively participated administrative accountability, and my government has also taken corresponding measures.
This article includes five-parts. The first chapter briefly explains the background and significance of writing this article, and introduces main views at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces definition of public participating in administrative accountability and theories of administrative accountability of public participation and analyses values that public participate in administrative accountability. ChapterⅢanalyses existing problems and reasons theoretically and practically that public participate in administrative accountability in china, including culture falling behind and bad mechanism responsing to public and so on. ChapterⅣgives a number of measures to make public participate in administrative accountability better in China. Including establishing better mechanism responsing to public and training professional qualities that public participate in administrative accountability and so on. The chapterⅤis conclusion. This paper have a few points:on the one hand, we have to strengthen cultural training that public participate in administrative accountability and change concepts that citizens don't want to and can't participate in administrative accountability; on the other hand, the Government should have good platform that make public participate in administrative accountability easily and effective mechanism responsing to public.
引文
[1]Manin Bernard, Adam Przeworski, and Susan Stokes. In Democracy, Accountability and Representation[M]. New York:Cambridge,1999:9.
[2]Manin,Bernard, Adam Przeworski, and Susan Stokes. In Democracy, Accountability and Representation[M]. New York:Cambridge,1999:10.
[3]Schedler Andreas. Conceptualizing Accountabilityin [J]. Schedler,1999:14.
[4]Mulgan Richard. Accountability:An Ever-Expanding concept [J]. Public Administration, 2000, (3):555.
[5]Behn,Robert. Rethinking Democratic Accountability[M]. Washington. D. C.:Brookings Institution,2001:3.
[6]公维项.社会问责与我国监督体制分析[J].中共乐山市委党学报,2008,(7)：34.
[7]黄健荣,梁莹.建构问责制政府：我国政府创新必由之路[J].社会科学,2004,(9)：34-36.
[8]宋涛.新公共管理阶段行政问责的变化特点[J].深圳大学学报,2007,(1)：89.
[9]周俊.从信息公开的角度看我国行政问责制的完善[J].法制与社会,2007,(2)：456.
[10]吴小丰,荣卫林.对我国当前行政问责中应答机制的分析[J].时代经贸,2008,(2)：49.
[11]汪伟全.公民参与：推进行政问责制的重要途径[J].探索与争鸣,2007,(7)：38.
[12]杨叶红.论行政问责中异体问责的缺位[J].求索,2004,(12)：79.
[13]孔祥利,郭春华.试论异体多元行政问责制的价值理念及其构建[J].陕西师范大学学报2008,(5)：29.
[14]蒿亮.行政问责的主体分析[J].求实,2006,(3)：44.
[15]王柳,陈国权.论政府问责制与绩效评估的互动[J].国家行政学院学报,2007,(6)：25.
[16]薛瑞汉.我国行政问责制存在的问题及对策研究[J].国家行政学院学报,2007,(3)：62-63.
[17]周觅.从“同体问责”到“异体问责”[J].管理研究,2007,(5)：165.
[18]何义强.从行政问责制走向民主问责制[J].天水行政学院学报,2008,(2)：17-18.
[19]程雄.从回应缺失看我国行政问责的两大不足[J].领导科学,2008,(8)：25.
[20]周哲,徐思思.论政府行政问责的途径创新[J].中国水运,2007,(7)：185-186.
[21]曹海军,于伟.试论政府善治视域下我国行政问责制的构建[J].行政与法,2008,(6)：26.
[22]宋涛.行政问责模式与中国的可行性选择[J].中国行政管理,2007,(2):12-13.
[23]郑振宇.借鉴国外行政问责的实践,深化我国行政管理体制改革[J].中国行政管理,2005,(5)：1584-1585.
[24]唐铁汉.我国开展行政问责制的理论与实践[J].中国行政管理,2007,(1)：8.
[25]世界银行专家组.公共部门的社会问责[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005：15.
[26]宋涛.行政问责概念及内涵辨析[J].深圳大学学报,2005
[27]Jay · Shafritz. The facts on file dictionary of public administration[M]. New York:Facts On File Publications,1985:387.
[28]张创新,赵蕾.从“新制”到“良制”我国行政问责的制度化[J].中国人民大学学报,2005,(1)：113.
[29]Jay · Shafritz. International encyclopedia of public policy and administration[M]. Colorador:Westview Press,1998:6.
[30]赵德关.城市管理公众参与的理性思考[J].上海城市管理职业技术学院学报,2006(3)：14-18.
[31]尤建新.城市管理中公众参与问题分析[J].上海管理科学,2003(4)：50-52.
[32]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].上海：上海译文出社,1991:66-68、202.
[33]罗纳德·德沃金.认真对待权利[M].北京：中国大百科全书出版社,1998：357.
[34]克劳德·梅纳尔.制度、契约与组织—从新制度经济学角度的透视[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003：42.
[35]戴维·米勒、韦农·波格丹诺.布莱克维尔政治学百科全书[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,1992：702.
[36]陈国权、徐露辉.责任政府：思想渊源与政治发展[J].政法论坛,2008,(3)：25.
[37]迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心治理与发展[M].上海：三联书店,2000：20.
[38]汪伟全.公民参与：推进行政问责制的重要途径[J].探索与争鸣,2007,(7)：37.
[39]胡新桥.网络密码举报系统现身武汉,比常规举报更保密更有效[EB/OL].[2008-06-26]. http://www.law-lib.com
[40]陈佳、胡美东.超过90%厦门市民代表反对海沧PX项目[EB/OL].[2007-12-24].http://www.sina.com.cn
[41]吴小丰,荣卫林.对我国当前行政问责中应答机制的分析[J].时代经贸,2008,(2)：47.
[42]汪伟全.公民参与：推进行政问责制的重要途径[J].探索与争鸣,2007,(7)：38.
[43]孔祥利、郭春华.试论异体多元行政问责制的价值理念及其构建[J].2008,(7)：115.
[2]Manin,Bernard, Adam Przeworski, and Susan Stokes. In Democracy, Accountability and Representation[M]. New York:Cambridge,1999:10.
[3]Schedler Andreas. Conceptualizing Accountabilityin [J]. Schedler,1999:14.
[4]Mulgan Richard. Accountability:An Ever-Expanding concept [J]. Public Administration, 2000, (3):555.
[5]Behn,Robert. Rethinking Democratic Accountability[M]. Washington. D. C.:Brookings Institution,2001:3.
[6]公维项.社会问责与我国监督体制分析[J].中共乐山市委党学报,2008,(7)：34.
[7]黄健荣,梁莹.建构问责制政府：我国政府创新必由之路[J].社会科学,2004,(9)：34-36.
[8]宋涛.新公共管理阶段行政问责的变化特点[J].深圳大学学报,2007,(1)：89.
[9]周俊.从信息公开的角度看我国行政问责制的完善[J].法制与社会,2007,(2)：456.
[10]吴小丰,荣卫林.对我国当前行政问责中应答机制的分析[J].时代经贸,2008,(2)：49.
[11]汪伟全.公民参与：推进行政问责制的重要途径[J].探索与争鸣,2007,(7)：38.
[12]杨叶红.论行政问责中异体问责的缺位[J].求索,2004,(12)：79.
[13]孔祥利,郭春华.试论异体多元行政问责制的价值理念及其构建[J].陕西师范大学学报2008,(5)：29.
[14]蒿亮.行政问责的主体分析[J].求实,2006,(3)：44.
[15]王柳,陈国权.论政府问责制与绩效评估的互动[J].国家行政学院学报,2007,(6)：25.
[16]薛瑞汉.我国行政问责制存在的问题及对策研究[J].国家行政学院学报,2007,(3)：62-63.
[17]周觅.从“同体问责”到“异体问责”[J].管理研究,2007,(5)：165.
[18]何义强.从行政问责制走向民主问责制[J].天水行政学院学报,2008,(2)：17-18.
[19]程雄.从回应缺失看我国行政问责的两大不足[J].领导科学,2008,(8)：25.
[20]周哲,徐思思.论政府行政问责的途径创新[J].中国水运,2007,(7)：185-186.
[21]曹海军,于伟.试论政府善治视域下我国行政问责制的构建[J].行政与法,2008,(6)：26.
[22]宋涛.行政问责模式与中国的可行性选择[J].中国行政管理,2007,(2):12-13.
[23]郑振宇.借鉴国外行政问责的实践,深化我国行政管理体制改革[J].中国行政管理,2005,(5)：1584-1585.
[24]唐铁汉.我国开展行政问责制的理论与实践[J].中国行政管理,2007,(1)：8.
[25]世界银行专家组.公共部门的社会问责[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005：15.
[26]宋涛.行政问责概念及内涵辨析[J].深圳大学学报,2005
[27]Jay · Shafritz. The facts on file dictionary of public administration[M]. New York:Facts On File Publications,1985:387.
[28]张创新,赵蕾.从“新制”到“良制”我国行政问责的制度化[J].中国人民大学学报,2005,(1)：113.
[29]Jay · Shafritz. International encyclopedia of public policy and administration[M]. Colorador:Westview Press,1998:6.
[30]赵德关.城市管理公众参与的理性思考[J].上海城市管理职业技术学院学报,2006(3)：14-18.
[31]尤建新.城市管理中公众参与问题分析[J].上海管理科学,2003(4)：50-52.
[32]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].上海：上海译文出社,1991:66-68、202.
[33]罗纳德·德沃金.认真对待权利[M].北京：中国大百科全书出版社,1998：357.
[34]克劳德·梅纳尔.制度、契约与组织—从新制度经济学角度的透视[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003：42.
[35]戴维·米勒、韦农·波格丹诺.布莱克维尔政治学百科全书[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,1992：702.
[36]陈国权、徐露辉.责任政府：思想渊源与政治发展[J].政法论坛,2008,(3)：25.
[37]迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心治理与发展[M].上海：三联书店,2000：20.
[38]汪伟全.公民参与：推进行政问责制的重要途径[J].探索与争鸣,2007,(7)：37.
[39]胡新桥.网络密码举报系统现身武汉,比常规举报更保密更有效[EB/OL].[2008-06-26]. http://www.law-lib.com
[40]陈佳、胡美东.超过90%厦门市民代表反对海沧PX项目[EB/OL].[2007-12-24].http://www.sina.com.cn
[41]吴小丰,荣卫林.对我国当前行政问责中应答机制的分析[J].时代经贸,2008,(2)：47.
[42]汪伟全.公民参与：推进行政问责制的重要途径[J].探索与争鸣,2007,(7)：38.
[43]孔祥利、郭春华.试论异体多元行政问责制的价值理念及其构建[J].2008,(7)：115.