斜拉桥结构受力性能检测及安全评价技术研究
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摘要
目前斜拉桥的主跨跨径已突破千米量级，在向着长大、轻型化方向发展，但作为多次超静定柔性结构，其设计、施工以及检测评价仍存在需进一步完善的技术问题，如索塔锚固区局部承压、施工阶段索力优化、成桥及运行后工作性能评价办法等均有待于深化研究。本文依托大佛寺长江大桥检测试验项目，对索塔桥梁结构性能检测技术与相关理论问题进行了研究，包括其结构模态识别方法、索塔锚固区受力性能、数值模拟施工、成桥运营下索力和主梁受力分析等，并将研究成果用于了实际工程，取得了良好的效果。本文的主要创新成果如下：
1．基于连续Morlet小波变换理论，给出了带宽参数的抗频混条件，提出了变带宽参数连续小波变换方法，达到了时域下频域分辨率的要求，减小了数据预测延拓数量；并进一步采用基于径向基神经网络的自回归模型方法，解决了实测自由衰减信号的有效长度不足等问题。大佛寺长江大桥工作性能实测表明，提出的变带宽参数连续小波变换方法优于传统的特征系统实现算法。
2．提出了斜拉桥索塔锚固区受力分析的力学模型与方法。用该方法对大佛寺长江大桥斜拉桥索塔锚固区进行空间应力分析，结果表明，所提出的方法可较好的实现对索塔锚固区应力状态的数值模拟。
3．基于Midas/Civil软件中Cable Force Tuning功能，进行了斜拉桥索力调整功能的二次开发，实现了斜拉桥索力调整的精细化。用该二次开发后扩充功能的软件，计算所得大佛寺长江大桥成桥的索力与设计值符合较好。
主要结论：
1.变带宽参数的连续小波变换方法能准确的对非平稳信号进行延拓，小波变换方法的识别结构模态的结果具有较高的精度。
2.对大佛寺长江大桥斜拉桥索塔锚固区采用新型的布束方式，可以充分发挥钢束的预拉力性能。
3.对Midas/Civil中斜拉桥调整索力功能的二次开发后，提高了对大佛寺长江大桥的计算的精度，并计算得到了大佛寺长江大桥主梁施工阶段各梁段累计计算挠度值，以及最不利工况的结构内力变化趋势，实用性强。
4.用本文研究成果，对大佛寺大桥动力特性和动力响应进行了检测，得出了该大桥发生车桥耦合振动的可能性极小、其动力性能正常、结构仍具有良好的性能、满足桥梁正常使用要求的重要结论，为工程实际提供了关键技术支撑。
The main span length of cable stayed bridges has gone beyond the1,000meters,which indicated a trend towards constructing longer, bigger and lighter cable stayedbridges. However, there are many technical challenges in the design, construction andtesting assessment of this multiple indeterminate flexible structure, such as the partialpressure on the anchorage zone of the cable support tower, optimal design of the cabletension during construction stage and the evaluation of the load carrying capacity ofthe completed bridge, all of which are demanding prompt solution. Taking advantageof the completed-bridge dynamic detection experiment project of Dafosi YangtzeRiver Bridge, this paper presents a theoretical study on structural modal identification,an analysis on the partial stress on the anchorage zone of the cable support tower andan analysis on the cable force and internal force of the main beam under numericallysimulated construction condition and operational condition. Then a field test researchis carried out on the structural dynamic response of practical project in operationalstage using modal identification theory developed in this paper. The maincontributions of the research are as follows:
1. Considering the kinetic characteristics of a bridge structure and on the basis ofthe time-frequency characteristics of the continuous Morlet wavelet transformfunction and the anti-frequency alias condition of bandwidth parameters, a continuouswavelet transform method with varying bandwidth parameters has been proposed,which satisfies the requirement for frequency domain resolution in time frequencywindow and minifies the quantity of data prediction continuation. Furthermore, anautoregressive model method based on RBF neural network, which solves problemslike inadequate effective length of the measured free decaying responses, has been putforward as well. A comparison between the identification result of the eigensystemrealization algorithm and that of the wavelet transform method regarding to the localdynamic numerical simulation of the mid-span of Chongqing Dafosi Yangtze RiverBridge shows that the latter is better and this finding was later verified by measureddata.
2. Mechanics model and methods for the forces on the anchorage zone of the cable supporttower have been proposed. Results from the analysis of the Chongqing Dafosi Yangtze RiverBridge show that the stress at the anchorage zone of the cable support tower could be obtained bythe numerical simulation.
3. A further development was made to the Cable Force Tuning function in Midas/Civil, withwhich the cable force of the completed bridge was calculated. The deviation between thecalculation and the design value is very small. Main conclusions are as follows:
1．The continuous wavelet transform method of variable bandwidth parametercould accurately strip the non-stationary signals, and the recognition structure modewhich comes from the wavelet transform method has higher precision.
2．The new strand arrangement adopted at the anchorage zone of cable-stayedbridge cable tower in the Dafoshi Yangtse River Bridge can give full play to thepre-tension performance of the steel strands.
3．After the further development for the cable-stayed bridge adjustment cableforce functions in Midas/Civil, the precision of calculated results of Dafoshi YangtseRiver Bridge is improved. Accumulative calculation deflection values of the beamsegments of all girders of Dafoshi Yangtse River Bridge at the construction stage andthe change trend of the structural internal force value under the most unfavorableworking conditions are obtained, therefore it is highly practical.
4．Based on the achievements of the paper, the dynamic characteristics testing anddynamic response testing of Dafoshi Yangtze River Bridge were made. The testingresults show that the possibility of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration is very littleand the dynamic performance of the bridge span structure is normal. It is concludedthat the structure of the bridge has good performance characteristics and meets therequirements for normal service.
1．基于连续Morlet小波变换理论，给出了带宽参数的抗频混条件，提出了变带宽参数连续小波变换方法，达到了时域下频域分辨率的要求，减小了数据预测延拓数量；并进一步采用基于径向基神经网络的自回归模型方法，解决了实测自由衰减信号的有效长度不足等问题。大佛寺长江大桥工作性能实测表明，提出的变带宽参数连续小波变换方法优于传统的特征系统实现算法。
2．提出了斜拉桥索塔锚固区受力分析的力学模型与方法。用该方法对大佛寺长江大桥斜拉桥索塔锚固区进行空间应力分析，结果表明，所提出的方法可较好的实现对索塔锚固区应力状态的数值模拟。
3．基于Midas/Civil软件中Cable Force Tuning功能，进行了斜拉桥索力调整功能的二次开发，实现了斜拉桥索力调整的精细化。用该二次开发后扩充功能的软件，计算所得大佛寺长江大桥成桥的索力与设计值符合较好。
主要结论：
1.变带宽参数的连续小波变换方法能准确的对非平稳信号进行延拓，小波变换方法的识别结构模态的结果具有较高的精度。
2.对大佛寺长江大桥斜拉桥索塔锚固区采用新型的布束方式，可以充分发挥钢束的预拉力性能。
3.对Midas/Civil中斜拉桥调整索力功能的二次开发后，提高了对大佛寺长江大桥的计算的精度，并计算得到了大佛寺长江大桥主梁施工阶段各梁段累计计算挠度值，以及最不利工况的结构内力变化趋势，实用性强。
4.用本文研究成果，对大佛寺大桥动力特性和动力响应进行了检测，得出了该大桥发生车桥耦合振动的可能性极小、其动力性能正常、结构仍具有良好的性能、满足桥梁正常使用要求的重要结论，为工程实际提供了关键技术支撑。
The main span length of cable stayed bridges has gone beyond the1,000meters,which indicated a trend towards constructing longer, bigger and lighter cable stayedbridges. However, there are many technical challenges in the design, construction andtesting assessment of this multiple indeterminate flexible structure, such as the partialpressure on the anchorage zone of the cable support tower, optimal design of the cabletension during construction stage and the evaluation of the load carrying capacity ofthe completed bridge, all of which are demanding prompt solution. Taking advantageof the completed-bridge dynamic detection experiment project of Dafosi YangtzeRiver Bridge, this paper presents a theoretical study on structural modal identification,an analysis on the partial stress on the anchorage zone of the cable support tower andan analysis on the cable force and internal force of the main beam under numericallysimulated construction condition and operational condition. Then a field test researchis carried out on the structural dynamic response of practical project in operationalstage using modal identification theory developed in this paper. The maincontributions of the research are as follows:
1. Considering the kinetic characteristics of a bridge structure and on the basis ofthe time-frequency characteristics of the continuous Morlet wavelet transformfunction and the anti-frequency alias condition of bandwidth parameters, a continuouswavelet transform method with varying bandwidth parameters has been proposed,which satisfies the requirement for frequency domain resolution in time frequencywindow and minifies the quantity of data prediction continuation. Furthermore, anautoregressive model method based on RBF neural network, which solves problemslike inadequate effective length of the measured free decaying responses, has been putforward as well. A comparison between the identification result of the eigensystemrealization algorithm and that of the wavelet transform method regarding to the localdynamic numerical simulation of the mid-span of Chongqing Dafosi Yangtze RiverBridge shows that the latter is better and this finding was later verified by measureddata.
2. Mechanics model and methods for the forces on the anchorage zone of the cable supporttower have been proposed. Results from the analysis of the Chongqing Dafosi Yangtze RiverBridge show that the stress at the anchorage zone of the cable support tower could be obtained bythe numerical simulation.
3. A further development was made to the Cable Force Tuning function in Midas/Civil, withwhich the cable force of the completed bridge was calculated. The deviation between thecalculation and the design value is very small. Main conclusions are as follows:
1．The continuous wavelet transform method of variable bandwidth parametercould accurately strip the non-stationary signals, and the recognition structure modewhich comes from the wavelet transform method has higher precision.
2．The new strand arrangement adopted at the anchorage zone of cable-stayedbridge cable tower in the Dafoshi Yangtse River Bridge can give full play to thepre-tension performance of the steel strands.
3．After the further development for the cable-stayed bridge adjustment cableforce functions in Midas/Civil, the precision of calculated results of Dafoshi YangtseRiver Bridge is improved. Accumulative calculation deflection values of the beamsegments of all girders of Dafoshi Yangtse River Bridge at the construction stage andthe change trend of the structural internal force value under the most unfavorableworking conditions are obtained, therefore it is highly practical.
4．Based on the achievements of the paper, the dynamic characteristics testing anddynamic response testing of Dafoshi Yangtze River Bridge were made. The testingresults show that the possibility of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration is very littleand the dynamic performance of the bridge span structure is normal. It is concludedthat the structure of the bridge has good performance characteristics and meets therequirements for normal service.
引文
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