湖北省收费还贷公路偿债能力研究
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摘要
“贷款修路、收费还贷”是我国为加快公路建设与发展作出的一项重要决策，这项政策实施以来，较好的缓解了公路建设资金短缺的矛盾，极大地加快了公路建设的步伐。收费还贷公路的建设，对促进湖北省公路交通事业的发展，提高公路网整体水平，缓解交通拥挤状况起到了重要作用。同时对改善投资环境，推动国民经济快速发展做出了积极的贡献。
随着湖北省国民经济的飞速发展，公路路网的日趋完备，以及国家收费公路政策的调整，收费还贷公路偿债能力不足的问题也日益突显，此问题如不加以认真研究解决，势必对湖北省交通公路事业的健康发展造成不良影响。所以，对湖北省收费还贷公路的偿债能力进行系统研究就非常有必要，本文在结构上共分四个部分，对此进行了探讨。
第一部分，收费还贷公路收费的合理性分析。介绍公路分类及其属性，分析了中外收费公路的产生与发展，论述了收费还贷公路的级差效益和准公共物品特性，对公路收费的合理性进行分析。级差效益只是公路收费的前提，收费最重要的原因在于公路建设资金的不足。
第二部分，湖北省收费还贷公路的现状及偿债能力情况分析。通过分析湖北省收费还贷公路的现状得出其偿债能力不足的结论。
第三部分，湖北省收费还贷公路偿债能力低下的成因分析。用博弈论分析了收费还贷公路规模过大的原因，用产权理论分析了收费还贷公路的内在效率缺陷。论述了规划设计不合理，政府投入不足，收费还贷公路结构不合理、二级收费公路比重过大，收费成本过高，高速公路车辆分流等原因导致收费还贷公路偿债能力低下。
第四部分，提高偿债能力的对策研究。对现有的收费还贷公路，通过调整收费标准，合理布局收费站点，改革收费方式、实施电子收费，建立平衡还贷基金、实施收费激励与约束机制，加强财务管理，完善全面预算控制等手段提高湖北省收费还贷公路的偿债能力；对今后新开工建设的收费还贷公路项目，用产品生命周期成本理论论证了公路规划的极度重要性，说明公路项目应该做到事前科学合理规划布局，建设过程中加强成本管理，控制建设成本，加大政府投入，以保证通车后的偿债能力。
Constructing road using loan and charging to repay loan is a very important
policy to speed the development of road construction. In a way, it solved the
problem of road construction fund scarcity and promoted road construction of our
nation. Toll road facilitated the progression of road industry of Hubei province. It
improved the quality of traffic network. It played important role to dull traffic
congestion problem. It can improve investment environment and develop nation
economy also.
With the development of national economy and traffic network, our country's toll
road policy is changing and debt solvency problem of toll road is emerging. We
must research and solve this problem, or it would affect the development of road
industry of Hubei province. So we should make a systemic study of debt solvency
of toll road in Hubei province. The paper, including four parts, discusses this
question.
Part I Analyzes the rationality of the existence of toll road. Introduces road
classify and the emergence and development of toll road at home and abroad.
Discusses the identities of benefit of difference and quasi-public goods of toll
road.
Part II Analyzes the status quo and debt solvency of toll road in Hubei province.
Then it comes to a conclusion that the load-repaid ability is poor.
Part III Analyzes the reason why toll road's debt solvency is poor in Hubei
province. Explains how large-scale toll road is produced using game theory.
Narrates the efficiency limitation of toll road with property right theory. The
reason for badly load-repaid ability includes illogical traffic design, less
government investment, unapt classificatory proportion of toll road, high
charging cost, vehicle diffluence because of the completion of highway
construction, etc.
Part IV Research on how to improve debt solvency. In order to enhance debt
solvency, we should adjust charge rate, the position of toll station and charging
ways and means. The establishment of discharge fund and prompting and obligation mechanism, financial management and budget control is beneficial to the improvement of debt solvency too. About new project of toll road, we must plan in detail and strengthen construction cost control ensuring favorable debt solvency of toll road.
随着湖北省国民经济的飞速发展，公路路网的日趋完备，以及国家收费公路政策的调整，收费还贷公路偿债能力不足的问题也日益突显，此问题如不加以认真研究解决，势必对湖北省交通公路事业的健康发展造成不良影响。所以，对湖北省收费还贷公路的偿债能力进行系统研究就非常有必要，本文在结构上共分四个部分，对此进行了探讨。
第一部分，收费还贷公路收费的合理性分析。介绍公路分类及其属性，分析了中外收费公路的产生与发展，论述了收费还贷公路的级差效益和准公共物品特性，对公路收费的合理性进行分析。级差效益只是公路收费的前提，收费最重要的原因在于公路建设资金的不足。
第二部分，湖北省收费还贷公路的现状及偿债能力情况分析。通过分析湖北省收费还贷公路的现状得出其偿债能力不足的结论。
第三部分，湖北省收费还贷公路偿债能力低下的成因分析。用博弈论分析了收费还贷公路规模过大的原因，用产权理论分析了收费还贷公路的内在效率缺陷。论述了规划设计不合理，政府投入不足，收费还贷公路结构不合理、二级收费公路比重过大，收费成本过高，高速公路车辆分流等原因导致收费还贷公路偿债能力低下。
第四部分，提高偿债能力的对策研究。对现有的收费还贷公路，通过调整收费标准，合理布局收费站点，改革收费方式、实施电子收费，建立平衡还贷基金、实施收费激励与约束机制，加强财务管理，完善全面预算控制等手段提高湖北省收费还贷公路的偿债能力；对今后新开工建设的收费还贷公路项目，用产品生命周期成本理论论证了公路规划的极度重要性，说明公路项目应该做到事前科学合理规划布局，建设过程中加强成本管理，控制建设成本，加大政府投入，以保证通车后的偿债能力。
Constructing road using loan and charging to repay loan is a very important
policy to speed the development of road construction. In a way, it solved the
problem of road construction fund scarcity and promoted road construction of our
nation. Toll road facilitated the progression of road industry of Hubei province. It
improved the quality of traffic network. It played important role to dull traffic
congestion problem. It can improve investment environment and develop nation
economy also.
With the development of national economy and traffic network, our country's toll
road policy is changing and debt solvency problem of toll road is emerging. We
must research and solve this problem, or it would affect the development of road
industry of Hubei province. So we should make a systemic study of debt solvency
of toll road in Hubei province. The paper, including four parts, discusses this
question.
Part I Analyzes the rationality of the existence of toll road. Introduces road
classify and the emergence and development of toll road at home and abroad.
Discusses the identities of benefit of difference and quasi-public goods of toll
road.
Part II Analyzes the status quo and debt solvency of toll road in Hubei province.
Then it comes to a conclusion that the load-repaid ability is poor.
Part III Analyzes the reason why toll road's debt solvency is poor in Hubei
province. Explains how large-scale toll road is produced using game theory.
Narrates the efficiency limitation of toll road with property right theory. The
reason for badly load-repaid ability includes illogical traffic design, less
government investment, unapt classificatory proportion of toll road, high
charging cost, vehicle diffluence because of the completion of highway
construction, etc.
Part IV Research on how to improve debt solvency. In order to enhance debt
solvency, we should adjust charge rate, the position of toll station and charging
ways and means. The establishment of discharge fund and prompting and obligation mechanism, financial management and budget control is beneficial to the improvement of debt solvency too. About new project of toll road, we must plan in detail and strengthen construction cost control ensuring favorable debt solvency of toll road.
引文
1．萨缪尔森．经济学(第十四版)上下．北京经济学院出版社，1996
2．斯蒂格利茨(美)．经济学(中译本)．中国人民大学出版社，1997
3．郑捷奋，刘洪玉．中国收费公路的民营化．公路交通科技，2003(4)
4．陈爱早．湖北省公路建设债务问题研究：[硕士论文]．武汉理工大学，2003
5．李彦新．环石家庄高速公路主线收费站的布设．交通工程路文集(中国交通工学会1997年年会论文优选)．人民交通出版社，1999
6．刘灿刘．现代交通规划学．人民交通出版社，2001
7．郗恩崇．高速公路管理学．人民交通出版社，2001
8．谢军．浅议普通公路收费还贷的投资风险．交通财会，2003(2)
9．管楚度．交通区位论及其应用．人民交通出版社，2002
10．刘伟，罗仁坚．我国收费公路发展规模的探讨．运输管理与改革，2000(5)
11．王炜，邓卫，杨琪．公路网络规划建设与管理方法．科学出版社，2001
12．李晓明等．收费公路经营及政府公共管制的理论与方法．中国软科学，2003(6)
13．刘伟铭．高速公路系统控制方法．人民交通出版社，1998
14．袁剑波，张起森．公路收费标准制定的基本方法研究．中国管理科学，2001(6)
15．冯根福．级差效益不足的竞争性路桥定价的经济学分析．财贸经济，2002(8)
16．李祥义．加强收费还贷公路财务管理的原则性建议．交通财会，2001(3)
17．周国光．公路收费的合理性分析．当代经济科学，1998(6)
18．张昱，林坚．路桥收费制度的经济学设计．经济理论与经济管理，2000(6)
19．袁剑波．公路经济学教程．人民交通出版社，2002
20．易汉文．城市分析与交通预测．湖北科学技术出版社，1994
21．李在峰．我国收费公路现状、问题及控管措施．广西市场与价格，2002(7)
22．周国光．收费公路，交通财会，1996(6)
23．陆化普．交通规划理论与方法．清华大学出版社，1998
24．李福顺．浅析非经营性还贷路桥偿还能力低下的成因及对策．交通财会，2003(10)
25．王忠强，高世廉．轨道交通路网规划若干问题探讨．西南交通大学学报，1999(3)
26．李清波．深圳市公路网合理布局探讨．长沙交通学院学报，1996(2)
27．贾元华等．我国收费公路在发展过程中的经济适应性分析．公路交通科技，2002(4)
28．王炜，徐吉谦．城市交通规划．东南大学出版社，1999
29．谢识予．经济博弈论．复旦大学出版社，2002
30．张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学．上海三联书店，1996
31．郗恩崇．公路经济学．人民交通出版社，1999
32．路成章．公鼢交通经济范畴内若干问题的研究．人民交通出版社，2001
33．杨东援．交通规划决策支持系统．同济大学出版社，1997
34. Bell M.G.H and Iida Y. Transportation network analysis. Wiley-Interscience: Chichester, UK. 1997
35. Robert S. Pindyck, Daniel L. Rubinfeld. Econometric model and economic forecasts. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1998
36. Jugen Eichbergar. Game Theory for Economists. Academic Press, 1993
37. Meyer D., Urban Transportation Planning. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, 1984
38. Blunder W.R., The land-use and transportation system. Pergamen Press,1984
39. Statistical Trends in Transport 1986-1995.Taiwan:Institute of Transportation,1996
40. Sheffi Y., Urban Transportation networks :Equilibrium Analysis with Mathematical Programming Methods. Prentice-Hall Press, 1985
41. Intriligator MD. Econometric model. Techniques and applications. International Inc., 1996
42. J.deD. Ortuzar L.G. Willumsen. Modeling Transportation. John Wiley & Sons, 1990
43. Ben-Akiva M. and Lerman S.R. Discrete Choice Analysis-Theory and Application to Travel Demand. The MIT Press, 1985
44. Fudenberg, D. and J. Tirole. Game Theory. The MIT Press, 1991
45. G.E. Gray, L.A. Hoel. Public Transportation. Prentice Hall, 1992
46. John Black. Urban Transport Planning. Croom Helm Ltd., 1981
47. Wang Wei, M. McDonald. STATRAM: A Modern Traffic Assignment and Assessment Model. Research Report of Southampton University, 1992
48. Wills K.G., Garrod G.D., A preview of cost-benefit analysis as applied to the evaluation of new road proposals in the UK. Transportation Research, 1998(32d)
2．斯蒂格利茨(美)．经济学(中译本)．中国人民大学出版社，1997
3．郑捷奋，刘洪玉．中国收费公路的民营化．公路交通科技，2003(4)
4．陈爱早．湖北省公路建设债务问题研究：[硕士论文]．武汉理工大学，2003
5．李彦新．环石家庄高速公路主线收费站的布设．交通工程路文集(中国交通工学会1997年年会论文优选)．人民交通出版社，1999
6．刘灿刘．现代交通规划学．人民交通出版社，2001
7．郗恩崇．高速公路管理学．人民交通出版社，2001
8．谢军．浅议普通公路收费还贷的投资风险．交通财会，2003(2)
9．管楚度．交通区位论及其应用．人民交通出版社，2002
10．刘伟，罗仁坚．我国收费公路发展规模的探讨．运输管理与改革，2000(5)
11．王炜，邓卫，杨琪．公路网络规划建设与管理方法．科学出版社，2001
12．李晓明等．收费公路经营及政府公共管制的理论与方法．中国软科学，2003(6)
13．刘伟铭．高速公路系统控制方法．人民交通出版社，1998
14．袁剑波，张起森．公路收费标准制定的基本方法研究．中国管理科学，2001(6)
15．冯根福．级差效益不足的竞争性路桥定价的经济学分析．财贸经济，2002(8)
16．李祥义．加强收费还贷公路财务管理的原则性建议．交通财会，2001(3)
17．周国光．公路收费的合理性分析．当代经济科学，1998(6)
18．张昱，林坚．路桥收费制度的经济学设计．经济理论与经济管理，2000(6)
19．袁剑波．公路经济学教程．人民交通出版社，2002
20．易汉文．城市分析与交通预测．湖北科学技术出版社，1994
21．李在峰．我国收费公路现状、问题及控管措施．广西市场与价格，2002(7)
22．周国光．收费公路，交通财会，1996(6)
23．陆化普．交通规划理论与方法．清华大学出版社，1998
24．李福顺．浅析非经营性还贷路桥偿还能力低下的成因及对策．交通财会，2003(10)
25．王忠强，高世廉．轨道交通路网规划若干问题探讨．西南交通大学学报，1999(3)
26．李清波．深圳市公路网合理布局探讨．长沙交通学院学报，1996(2)
27．贾元华等．我国收费公路在发展过程中的经济适应性分析．公路交通科技，2002(4)
28．王炜，徐吉谦．城市交通规划．东南大学出版社，1999
29．谢识予．经济博弈论．复旦大学出版社，2002
30．张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学．上海三联书店，1996
31．郗恩崇．公路经济学．人民交通出版社，1999
32．路成章．公鼢交通经济范畴内若干问题的研究．人民交通出版社，2001
33．杨东援．交通规划决策支持系统．同济大学出版社，1997
34. Bell M.G.H and Iida Y. Transportation network analysis. Wiley-Interscience: Chichester, UK. 1997
35. Robert S. Pindyck, Daniel L. Rubinfeld. Econometric model and economic forecasts. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1998
36. Jugen Eichbergar. Game Theory for Economists. Academic Press, 1993
37. Meyer D., Urban Transportation Planning. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, 1984
38. Blunder W.R., The land-use and transportation system. Pergamen Press,1984
39. Statistical Trends in Transport 1986-1995.Taiwan:Institute of Transportation,1996
40. Sheffi Y., Urban Transportation networks :Equilibrium Analysis with Mathematical Programming Methods. Prentice-Hall Press, 1985
41. Intriligator MD. Econometric model. Techniques and applications. International Inc., 1996
42. J.deD. Ortuzar L.G. Willumsen. Modeling Transportation. John Wiley & Sons, 1990
43. Ben-Akiva M. and Lerman S.R. Discrete Choice Analysis-Theory and Application to Travel Demand. The MIT Press, 1985
44. Fudenberg, D. and J. Tirole. Game Theory. The MIT Press, 1991
45. G.E. Gray, L.A. Hoel. Public Transportation. Prentice Hall, 1992
46. John Black. Urban Transport Planning. Croom Helm Ltd., 1981
47. Wang Wei, M. McDonald. STATRAM: A Modern Traffic Assignment and Assessment Model. Research Report of Southampton University, 1992
48. Wills K.G., Garrod G.D., A preview of cost-benefit analysis as applied to the evaluation of new road proposals in the UK. Transportation Research, 1998(32d)