核电厂主控室人机界面评价方法研究
|
摘要
随着核电事业的迅速发展,安全已成为核电存在和发展的基础。良好的核电厂主控室人机界面设计对减少人因失误、保障核电厂的安全运行具有十分重要的作用。人机界面评价是保障人机界面设计质量的重要手段,科学、适用的人机界面评价理论和方法是正确评价的前提和基础,因此,建立和完善人机界面评价理论和相关技术具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文以核电厂主控室人机界面评价为研究对象,分析了人机界面评价研究的必要性,回顾了评价理论的研究现状,研究了具有多层次、多属性、不完全信息的复杂系统评价问题。针对评价指标的筛选、指标体系的构建、指标权重的分配、不完全信息系统的评价等几个关键的技术问题展开研究。具体的研究工作如下：
首先,在回顾和分析评价指标筛选方法的基础上,运用系统分析的思想,综合考虑指标的相关性、重要性和有效性,提出了评价指标筛选的多因子综合算法；同时对评价指标的有效性检验进行了探索性的研究,提出了利用灰色关联分析进行评价指标的有效性检验,研究案例验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。在此基础上,分析了核电厂主控室人机界面评价的相关标准和影响因素,构建了核电厂主控室人机界面评价指标体系。
其次,将灰色理论引入到层次分析法中,从整体相似性的角度构造专家判断的信度系数,提出了基于信度系数的指标权重分配方法,实现了认知特性的定量描述,解决了多专家权重信息的集结问题。同时利用灰色关联分析构造Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型判断矩阵,提出了基于灰关联层次分析的多指标权重分配方法,给出了权重分配实现的过程和算法,分析了权重分配结果的稳定性。实例研究表明所构造的Ⅰ型判断矩阵自然满足一致性要求,适合于指标过多时的权重分配问题。
再次,探讨了人机界面不完全信息的评价方法,提出利用区间灰数处理人机界面不完全信息。研究了包含不完全信息的复杂系统多方案评价问题,以灰色理论和理想点法为理论基础,构造了灰区间绝对关联分析模型和灰区间理想点模型,提出了灰区间相近度指标,建立了基于相近度的人机界面不完全信息综合评价模型,通过案例分析验证了该模型的有效性和合理性。同时研究了具有不完全信息的多层次复杂系统评价问题,提出了基于灰区间聚类的多层次评价方法,建立了典型白化权函数的灰区间聚类多层次评价模型,给出了该方法实现的具体步骤和边界条件,研究案例表明了该方法的可行性。
最后,研究了核电厂主控室人机界面评价软件开发过程中主、客观评价指标的量化方法,开发了核电厂主控室人机界面综合评价软件,利用该软件对某核电厂主控室人机界面后备盘中部分盘面设计情况进行评价,分析了评价结果,提出了改进意见,验证了本文提出的理论和方法。
With the development of nuclear power, safety has become the foundation on which nuclear power can exist and develop. The well designed human-machine interface plays an important role in reducing human error and ensuring the safe operation of nuclear power. Human-machine interface evaluation is an important means to ensure the design quality of human-machine interface. The scientific human-machine interface evaluation theory and method is the premise and the basis of correct evaluation. Therefore, it has great theoretical and practical significance to establish and perfect human-machine interface evaluation theory and correlative technique.
In this paper, human-machine interface evaluation for main control room of nuclear power plant was selected as object investigated. The necessary of human-machine interface study was analyzed. The status of evaluation theory was reviewed. The evaluation problem of complicated system with multi-attribute, multi-hierarchy and incomplete information was studied. The key technology issues include the selection of evaluation index, the construction of index system, the assignment of weight, the evaluation of incomplete information system and so on. The main contributions are summarized as follows:
Firstly, the methods of index selection were reviewed and analyzed. On this basis, the method of index selection based on multi-factor arithmetic was put forward by using system theory, considering the relativity, the significance and the validity of index. At the same time, the validity examination of index was studied exploringly. Grey relation analysis was used to exam the validity of index. The investigation example proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method. On this basis, the correlative standard and the influence factor of human-machine interface evaluation for main control room of nuclear power plant were analyzed; the evaluation index system of human-machine interface for main control room of nuclear power plant was constructed.
Secondly, Grey theory was imported into analytic hierarchy process. The reliability coefficient was constructed by the similarity degree. The method of weight assignment based on reliability coefficient was proposed. The quantitative representation of the cognitive characteristic was carried out. The synthesis of multi-expert's evaluation information was resolved. At the same time, two kinds of judgment matrix were constructed by using of grey relation analysis. The method of weight assignment for multi-criterion based on grey relation analytic hierarchy process was proposed. The process and the arithmetic of weight assignment were presented. The stability of weight assignment results was analyzed. The example proves that the first judgment matrix fits in with consistent requirements spontaneously, and the proposed method is suitable for the problem of weight assignment for multi-criterion.
Thirdly, incomplete information evaluation method of human-machine interface was discussed. Interval grey number was used to deal with incomplete information of human-machine interface. The decision-making problem of complicated system with incomplete information was studied. Based on grey theory and TOPSIS, the grey interval absolute relation analysis model and the grey interval TOPSIS model were established. The grey interval nearness degree was presented. The incomplete information evaluation model based on nearness degree was established. The evaluation example proves its rationality and validity. At the same time, the evaluation problem of multi-hierarchy system with incomplete information was studied. The method of multi-hierarchy evaluation based on grey interval clustering analysis was proposed. The multi-hierarchy evaluation model of grey interval clustering based on representative white weight function was established. The process and the boundary conditions of the method were given. The evaluation example proves its feasibility.
Finally, the quantification methods of subjective index and objective index were studied. On this basis, the human-machine interface comprehensive evaluation software for main control room of nuclear power plant was developed. The evaluation software was used to evaluate a part panel design of back-up panels'human-machine interface in the main control room of the nuclear power plant. By analyzing the evaluation results, the suggestions of design improvement were presented. The theory and method which have been proposed in this paper was confirmed.
本文以核电厂主控室人机界面评价为研究对象,分析了人机界面评价研究的必要性,回顾了评价理论的研究现状,研究了具有多层次、多属性、不完全信息的复杂系统评价问题。针对评价指标的筛选、指标体系的构建、指标权重的分配、不完全信息系统的评价等几个关键的技术问题展开研究。具体的研究工作如下：
首先,在回顾和分析评价指标筛选方法的基础上,运用系统分析的思想,综合考虑指标的相关性、重要性和有效性,提出了评价指标筛选的多因子综合算法；同时对评价指标的有效性检验进行了探索性的研究,提出了利用灰色关联分析进行评价指标的有效性检验,研究案例验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。在此基础上,分析了核电厂主控室人机界面评价的相关标准和影响因素,构建了核电厂主控室人机界面评价指标体系。
其次,将灰色理论引入到层次分析法中,从整体相似性的角度构造专家判断的信度系数,提出了基于信度系数的指标权重分配方法,实现了认知特性的定量描述,解决了多专家权重信息的集结问题。同时利用灰色关联分析构造Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型判断矩阵,提出了基于灰关联层次分析的多指标权重分配方法,给出了权重分配实现的过程和算法,分析了权重分配结果的稳定性。实例研究表明所构造的Ⅰ型判断矩阵自然满足一致性要求,适合于指标过多时的权重分配问题。
再次,探讨了人机界面不完全信息的评价方法,提出利用区间灰数处理人机界面不完全信息。研究了包含不完全信息的复杂系统多方案评价问题,以灰色理论和理想点法为理论基础,构造了灰区间绝对关联分析模型和灰区间理想点模型,提出了灰区间相近度指标,建立了基于相近度的人机界面不完全信息综合评价模型,通过案例分析验证了该模型的有效性和合理性。同时研究了具有不完全信息的多层次复杂系统评价问题,提出了基于灰区间聚类的多层次评价方法,建立了典型白化权函数的灰区间聚类多层次评价模型,给出了该方法实现的具体步骤和边界条件,研究案例表明了该方法的可行性。
最后,研究了核电厂主控室人机界面评价软件开发过程中主、客观评价指标的量化方法,开发了核电厂主控室人机界面综合评价软件,利用该软件对某核电厂主控室人机界面后备盘中部分盘面设计情况进行评价,分析了评价结果,提出了改进意见,验证了本文提出的理论和方法。
With the development of nuclear power, safety has become the foundation on which nuclear power can exist and develop. The well designed human-machine interface plays an important role in reducing human error and ensuring the safe operation of nuclear power. Human-machine interface evaluation is an important means to ensure the design quality of human-machine interface. The scientific human-machine interface evaluation theory and method is the premise and the basis of correct evaluation. Therefore, it has great theoretical and practical significance to establish and perfect human-machine interface evaluation theory and correlative technique.
In this paper, human-machine interface evaluation for main control room of nuclear power plant was selected as object investigated. The necessary of human-machine interface study was analyzed. The status of evaluation theory was reviewed. The evaluation problem of complicated system with multi-attribute, multi-hierarchy and incomplete information was studied. The key technology issues include the selection of evaluation index, the construction of index system, the assignment of weight, the evaluation of incomplete information system and so on. The main contributions are summarized as follows:
Firstly, the methods of index selection were reviewed and analyzed. On this basis, the method of index selection based on multi-factor arithmetic was put forward by using system theory, considering the relativity, the significance and the validity of index. At the same time, the validity examination of index was studied exploringly. Grey relation analysis was used to exam the validity of index. The investigation example proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method. On this basis, the correlative standard and the influence factor of human-machine interface evaluation for main control room of nuclear power plant were analyzed; the evaluation index system of human-machine interface for main control room of nuclear power plant was constructed.
Secondly, Grey theory was imported into analytic hierarchy process. The reliability coefficient was constructed by the similarity degree. The method of weight assignment based on reliability coefficient was proposed. The quantitative representation of the cognitive characteristic was carried out. The synthesis of multi-expert's evaluation information was resolved. At the same time, two kinds of judgment matrix were constructed by using of grey relation analysis. The method of weight assignment for multi-criterion based on grey relation analytic hierarchy process was proposed. The process and the arithmetic of weight assignment were presented. The stability of weight assignment results was analyzed. The example proves that the first judgment matrix fits in with consistent requirements spontaneously, and the proposed method is suitable for the problem of weight assignment for multi-criterion.
Thirdly, incomplete information evaluation method of human-machine interface was discussed. Interval grey number was used to deal with incomplete information of human-machine interface. The decision-making problem of complicated system with incomplete information was studied. Based on grey theory and TOPSIS, the grey interval absolute relation analysis model and the grey interval TOPSIS model were established. The grey interval nearness degree was presented. The incomplete information evaluation model based on nearness degree was established. The evaluation example proves its rationality and validity. At the same time, the evaluation problem of multi-hierarchy system with incomplete information was studied. The method of multi-hierarchy evaluation based on grey interval clustering analysis was proposed. The multi-hierarchy evaluation model of grey interval clustering based on representative white weight function was established. The process and the boundary conditions of the method were given. The evaluation example proves its feasibility.
Finally, the quantification methods of subjective index and objective index were studied. On this basis, the human-machine interface comprehensive evaluation software for main control room of nuclear power plant was developed. The evaluation software was used to evaluate a part panel design of back-up panels'human-machine interface in the main control room of the nuclear power plant. By analyzing the evaluation results, the suggestions of design improvement were presented. The theory and method which have been proposed in this paper was confirmed.
引文
[1]Pierre Le Bot. Human reliability data, human error and accident models-illustration through the Three Mile Island accident analysis. Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2004, (83):153-167P
[2]http://www.wano.org.uk.
[3]张力,赵明.WANO人因事件统计及分析.核动力工程.2005,26(3)：291-296页
[4]张力,许康,戴立操等.核电厂激发事故初因的人因事件分析.系统工程理论与实践.2004,(10)：138-144页
[5]尤永春.秦山三期核电站人因事件分析和对策研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2006：31-32页
[6]Jaewhan Kim, Wondea Jung, Young Seok Son. The MDTA-based method for assessing diagnosis failures and their risk impacts in nuclear power plants. Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2008,93(2):337-349P
[7]A. Richei, U. Hauptmanns, H. Unger. The human error rate assessment and optimizing system HEROS-a new procedure for evaluating and optimizing the man-machine interface in PSA. Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2001,72(2):153-164P
[8]杨宏刚,赵江平,郭进平等.人-机系统事故预防理论研究.中国安全科学学报.2009,19(2)：21-26页
[9]Roy A. Maxion, Robert W. Reeder. Improving user-interface dependability through mitigation of human error. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.2005, 63(1):25-50P
[10]P. C. Cacciabue. Evaluation of human factors and man-machine problems in the safety of nuclear power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design.1988,109(3):417-431P
[11]S. Y. Yan, Z. J. Zhang, M. J. Peng, M. Ying. A subjective evaluation method for human-computer interaction interface design based on grey theory. International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, Ausrralia,2006
[12]Society of Automotive Engineers. Recommended Practice J826, Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, PA
[13]Jingzhou Yang, Joo H.Kim, Karim Abdel-Malek, Timothy Marler, Steven Beck, Gregory R. Kopp. Anew digital human environment and assessment of vehicle interior design. Computer-Aided Design.2007,39(7):548-558P
[14]Badler N.I., Becket W.M., Webber B.L.. Simulation and analysis of complex human task for manufacturing. Proceedings of the SPIE-International Society of Optical Engineering,1995:225-233P
[15]Engineering Animation Inc. Jack 2.3 Training manual. EAC,1999
[16]Rothwell PL. A Man-modelling CAD program to assess the physical compatibility between aircrew and aircraft. AD-A161 342, September 1985
[17]Case K.J., Porter M., Bonney M.C.. SAMMIE:A man and workplace modelling system. Computer-Aided Ergonomics.1990:31-56P
[18]Nayar N.. Deneb/ERGO-a simulation based human factors tool. Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings,1995:427-431P
[19]Swat Krzysztof, Krzychowicz Grzegorzl. ERGONOM:Computer-aided working posture analysis system for workplace designers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.1996,18(1):15-26P
[20]McDaniel J.W.. Models for ergonomic analysis and design:COMBIMAN and CREW CHIEF. Computer-Aided Ergonomics.1990,22(4):138-156P
[21]Imtiyaz Shaikh, Uma Jayaram, Sankar Jayaram. Participatory ergonomics using VR integrated with analysis tools. Simulation Conference,2004,2:1746-1754P
[22]Ardey GF. Fusion and display of data according to the design philosophy of intuitive use. NASA NO.19990092816.1999
[23]张磊,庄达民,邓凡,谷增伟.飞机座舱人机工效评定实验台研制.飞行力学.2009,27(1)：81-84页
[24]柴春雷,黄琦,董占勋,孙守迁.面向家电产品的人机工程分析与评价系统.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2006,18(3)：580-583页
[25]罗仕鉴,孙守迁,唐明晰,潘云鹤.计算机辅助人机工程设计研究.浙江大学学报(工学版).2005,39(6)：806-809页
[26]林建.机械系统中人机操作界面的评价.福建农业大学学.2001,30(1)：119-122页
[27]陈晓明,高祖瑛,周志伟等.基于计算机模拟技术的人机界面评价系统.原子能科学技术.2004,38(1)：70-73页
[28]Zadech LA. Fuzzy sets. Information and Control.1965.8(3):338-353P
[29]Zadech L A. The concept of a linguistic variables and its application to approximate reasoning. Information Science.1975,8(3):199-249P
[30]Vanegas L V, Labib A W. Fuzzy approaches to evaluation in engineering design. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design.2005,127(1):24-33P
[31]Antonsson E K, Otto K N. Imprecision in engineering design. Journal of Mechanical Design.1995,117(B):25-32P
[32]Thurston D L, Carnahan J V. Fuzzy ratings and utility analysis in Preliminary design evaluation of multiple attributes. Journal of Mechanical Design.1992,114(4): 648-658P
[33]Carnahan J V, Thurston D L, Liu T. Fussing ratings for multiattribute design decision-making. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design.1994,116(2):511-521P
[34]Wang J A. Fuzzy outranking method for conceptual design evaluation. International Journal of Production Research.1997,35(4):995-1010P
[35]Zhou M. Fuzzy logic and optimization models for implementing QFD. Computers and Industrial Engineering.1998,35(1):237-240P
[36]Anil Mital, Waldemar Karwowski. Towards the development of human work-performance standards in futuristic man-machine systems:A fuzzy modeling approach. Fuzzy Sets and Systems.1986,19(2):133-147P
[37]Ulrich Kramer. On the application of fuzzy sets to the analysis of the system driver-vehicle-environment. Automatica.1985,21(1):101-107P
[38]LI Ling-juan, SHEN Ling-tong. An improved multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm for security performance. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunicayions.2006,13(4):48-53P
[39]周前祥,姜国华.基于模糊因素的载人航天器乘员舱内人-机界面工效学评价研究.模糊系统与数学.2002,16(1)：99-103页
[40]李银霞,杨锋,王黎静,袁修干.飞机座舱工效学综合评价研究及其应用.北京航空航天大学学报.2005,31(6)：652-656页
[41]郭北苑,方卫宁.基于模糊因素的车载显示屏人机工效评价.北京交通大学学报.2005,29(1)：81-85页
[42]Saaty T.L.. The analytic hierarchy process. New york:Mcgraw Hill Company,1980: 1-120P
[43]Saaty T.L.. Axiomatic foundations of the analytic hierarchy process. Management Science.1986,32:841-855P
[44]Saaty T.L.. Rank generation, preservation and reversal in the analytic hierarchy decisionprocess. Decision Sciences.1987,18:157-177P
[45]YeoSH, Mak M W, Balon S A P. Analysis of decision-making methodologies for desirability score of conceptual design. Journal of Engineering Design.2004,15(2): 195-205P
[46]Ayag Z. An integrated Approach to evaluating conceptual design alternatives in a new development environment. International Journal of production Research.2005,43(4): 657-713P
[47]F.T.S. Chan, M.H. Chan, N.K.H. Tang. Evaluation methodologies for technology selection. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2000,107(1-3):330-337P
[48]Jong Hyun Kim, Poong Hyun Seong. A methodology for the quantitative evaluation of NPP fault diagnostic systems' dynamic aspects. Annals of Nuclear Energy.2000, 27(16):1459-1481P
[49]丁文珂,杨国胜,方慧敏.基于层次分析法的人机界面综合评价.南阳师范学院学报.2007,6(12)：72-85页
[50]K.R. Niazi, C.M. Arora, S.L. Surana. Power system security evaluation using ANN: feature selection using divergence. Electric Power Systems Research.2004,69(2-3): 161-167P
[51]Rakesh K. Misra, Shiv P. Singh. Efficient ANN method for post-contingency status evaluation. Electrical Power and Energy Systems.2010,32(1):54-62P
[52]Hyun-Ho Lee, Sang-Kwon Lee. Objective evaluation of interior noise booming in a passenger car based on sound metrics and artificial neural networks. Applied Ergonomics.2009,40(5):860-869P
[53]B. Ra'duly, K.V. Gernaey, A.G. Capodaglio, P.S. Mikkelsen, M. Henze. Artificial neural networks for rapid WWTP performance evaluation:Methodology and case study. Environmental Modelling & Software.2007,22(8):1208-1216P
[54]Yan Shengyuan, Yu Xiaoyang, Zhang Hongguo, et.al.. Reasearch of software user interface evaluation method based on subjective expectation. IEEE ICMA, Harbin, China,2007:3190-3195P
[55]Shengyuan Yan, Yuqing Xu, Ming Yang, et.al.. A subjective evaluation study on human-machine interface of marine meter based on REF network. The AsiaLink-EAMARNET International Conference on Ship Design, Harbin, China,2009
[56]朱川曲.基于神经网络的综采工作面人-机-环境系统的可靠性研究.煤炭学报.2000,25(3)：268-272页
[57]Yong-Huang Lin. Pin-Chan Lee. Effective evaluation model under the condition of insufficient and uncertain information. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36(3): 5600-5604P
[58]Yong-Huang Lin, Pin-Chan Lee, Ta-Peng Chang, et.al.. Multi-attribute group decision making model under the condition of uncertain information. Automation in Construction.2008,17(6):792-797P
[59]Hsin-Hsi Lai, Chien-Hsu Chen, Yu-Cheng Chen. Product design evaluation model of child car seat using gray relational analysis. Advanced Engineering Informatics.2009, 23(2):165-173P
[60]Yan Shengyuan, Zhang Zhijian, Peng Minjun, et.al.. A subjective evaluation method for human-computer interaction interface design based on grey theory. International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, Sydney, NSW, Australia,2006
[61]Yan Shengyuan, Zhang Zhijian, Peng Minjun, et.al.. A comprehensive evaluation method of human-machine interface for indicator-meters based on gray theory. Fourteenth International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Miami, Florida, 2006.
[62]Lijie Guo, Jinji Gao, Jianfeng Yang, Jianxin Kang. Criticality evaluation of petrochemical equipment based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and a BP neural network. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries.2009,22 (4):469-476P
[63]Sun J, Kalenchuk D K, Xue D, et al. Design candidate identification using neural network-based fuzzy reasoning. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing.2000,16(5):383-396P
[64]Hung-Cheng Tsai, Shih-Wen Hsiao, Fei-Kung Hung. An image evaluation approach for parameter-based product form and color design. Computer-Aided Design.2006,38(2): 157-171P
[65]Sun-Jen Huang, Nan-Hsing Chiu, Li-Wei Chen. Integration of the grey relational analysis with genetic algorithm for software effort estimation. European Journal of Operational Research.2008,188(1):898-909P
[66]Lian-Yin Zhai, Li-Pheng Khoo, Zhao-Wei Zhong. Design concept evaluation in product development using rough sets and grey relation analysis. Expert Systems with Application.2009,36(3):7072-7079P
[67]Hepu Deng, Chung-Hsing Yeh, Robert J. Willis. Inter-company comparison using modified TOPSIS with objective weights. Computers & Operations Research.2000, 27(10):963-973P
[68]ZOU Zhi-hong, YUN Yi, SUN Jing-nan. Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment indicators. Journal of Environmental Sciences.2006,18(5):1020-1023P
[69]ZHAO Chun-yu. The study on the performance evaluation of enterprises knowledge value chain management based on entropy weight TOPSIS.2009 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering, Moscow, Russia,2009: 1196-1202P
[70]DENG Wan-jun, WEI Fa-jie. Strategic value evaluation of china steel companies based on factor analysis and entropy weight.2009 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering, Moscow, Russia,2009:502-506P
[71]Dang Ke, Lv Pan, Zhang Hui-ming. Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation for power transmission network planning based on entropy weight method. Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Zhangjiajie, China,2009:676-680P
[72]Chiang Kao. Weight determination for consistently ranking alternatives in multiple criteria decision analysis. Applied Mathematical Modelling.2010,34(7):1779-1787P
[73]Ying-Ming Wang, Ying Luo. Integration of correlations with standard deviations for determining attribute weights in multiple attribute decision making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2010,51(1-2):1-12P
[74]柳炳祥,李海林.基于模糊粗糙集的因素权重分配方法.控制与决策.2007,22(12)：1437-1440页
[75]Jian Ma, Zhi-Ping Fan, Li-Hua Huang. A subjective and objective integrated approach to determine attribute weights. European Journal of Operational Research.1999, 112(2):397-404P
[76]A.T.W. Chu, R.E. Kalaba, K. Spingarn, A comparison of two methods for determining the weights of belonging to fuzzy sets. Journal of Optimisation Theory and Application.1979,27:531-538P
[77]Z.P. Fan. Complicated Multiple Attribute Decision Making:Theory and Applications. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, PRC,1996: 1-23P
[78]W. Tang, A. Z. Chen, D. M. Li, et.al.. The application of combination weighting approach in multiple attribute decision making. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding, China,2009:2724-2728P
[79]G. Yang, W. J. Huang. Application of the TOPSIS based on entropy-AHP weight in nuclear power plant nuclear-grade equipment supplier selection.2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, Wuhan, China,2009:633-636P
[80]Yulin Lin, Yuyan Liu, Zhijue Wang. Study on indexes weighting of the physical quality of life evaluation rural migrant workers-application of combined weighting method based on AHP and ANN. Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation, Shandong, China,2008:172-177P
[81]Hong-Xing Li, Ling-Xia Li, Jia-Yin Wang. Fuzzy Decision Making Based on Variable Weights. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2004,39(2-3):163-179P
[82]Fatemeh Torfi, Reza Zanjirani Farahani, Shabnam Rezapour. Fuzzy AHP to determine the relative weights of evaluation criteria and Fuzzy TOPSIS to rank the alternatives. Applied Soft Computing.2010,10(2):520-528P
[83]刘万里,刘三阳.AHP中群决策判断矩阵的构造.系统工程与电子技术.2005,27(11)：1907-1908页
[84]O. Cervantes, I. Espejel. Design of an integrated evaluation index for recreational beaches. Ocean & Coastal Management.2008,51(2):410-419P
[85]A. R. Jimenez, R. Ceres, J. L. Pons. A new adaptive filter and quality evaluation index for image restoration. Pattern Recognition.2001,34(2):457-467P
[86]Liu Hong-yu, Li Jian, Ge Yun-xian. Design of customer satisfaction measurement index system of EMS service. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications.2006,13(1):109-113P
[87]李元年.基于熵理论的指标体系区分度测算与权重设计.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2008：13-14页
[88]Y. J. Zhang, X. Chen, X. F. Ren. Establishment of an index system for evaluating outstanding biomedical scientists for science foundation of Shanghai. Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA.2007,22(6):191-194P
[89]郭亚军,于兆吉.综合评价的合理性问题.东北大学学报(自然科学版).2002,23(9)：844-847页
[90]苏为华.多指标综合评价理论与方法问题研究.厦门大学博士学位论文.2000：17-20页
[91]Satty T L. Modeling unstructured decision problems:a theory of analytical hierarchies. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mathematical Modeling, University of Missoure Rolla,1977, (1):59-77P
[92]Shen Fei-min, Chen Bo-hui, Yang Jian. Study on construction and quantification of evaluation index system of mine ventilation system. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science.2009, (1):114-122P
[93]Yang Jing. Study on the evaluation index system of community information construction based on system analysis and AHP. IEEE CS.2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, Wuhan, China,2009, 3:364-368P
[94]Cui Shu-jun, Liu Hui-xiao. Construction of the steel industry evaluating index system based on AHP.2008 IS ECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control and Management, Guangzhou, China,2008,8:62-68P
[95]高杰,孙林岩,李满圆.区间估计：AHP指标筛选的一种方法.系统工程理论与实践.2005,10：73-77页
[96]Chao Rong, Katsuhiko Takahashi, Jing Wang. Enterprise waste evaluation using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy set theory. Production Planning & Control.2003, 14(1):90-103P
[97]李崇明,丁烈云.复杂系统指标筛选模型及其在武汉市房地产系统中的应用.统计研究.2008,25(10)：44-46页
[98]Liu Bao-xiang, Li Yan-kun, Yang Ya-feng. Discrimination for equivalency of index systems based on fuzzy cluster analysis. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding, China,2009:616-618P
[99]沈珍瑶,杨志峰.灰关联分析方法用于指标体系的筛选.数学的实践与认识.2002,32(5)：728-732页
[100]李崇明,丁烈云.复杂系统评价指标的筛选方法.统计与决策.2004,(9)：8-9页
[101]陈海英,郭巧,徐力.基于神经网络的指标体系优化方法.计算机仿真.2004,21(7)：107-110页
[102]Dong Peng, Dai Feng, Wu Song-tao. The construction of index system based on improved genetic algorithm and neural network. International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops, Shanghai, China,2008: 58-61P
[103]陈洪涛,周德群,黄国良.基于粗糙集理论的企业效绩评价指标属性约简.计算机应用研究.2007,24(12)：109-110页
[104]PAWLAK Z. Rough set. Inter Journal of Information and Computer Science.1982, 11(5):341-356页
[105]PAWLAK Z. Rough sets-theoretical aspects of reasoning about data. Dordrecht: KluwerAcademic Publishers,1991:68-162页
[106]张朝阳,赵涛,王春红.基于粗糙集的属性约简方法在指标筛选中的应用.科技 管理研究.2009,(1)：78-79页
[107]李随成,陈敬东,赵海刚.定性决策指标体系评价研究.系统工程理论与实践.2001,(9)：22-28页
[108]Yang ChangLin, Chuang ShanPing, Huang RongHwa. Manufacturing evaluation system based on AHP/ANP approach for wafer fabricating industry. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36(8):11369-11377P
[109]Metin Dagdeviren, Serkan Yavuz, Nevzatilinc. Weapon selection using the AHP and TOPS IS methods under fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications.2009, 36(4):8143-8151P
[110]Eun-ha Kwon, Won II Ko. Evaluation method of nuclear nonproliferation credibility. Annals of Nuclear Energy.2009,36(7):910-916P
[111]Jerzy Michnik, Mei-Chen Lo. The assessment of the information quality with the aid of multiple criteria analysis. European Journal of Operational Research.2009,195(3): 850-856P
[112]Athanasios I. Chatzimouratidis, Petros A. Pilavachi. Multicriteria evaluation of power plants impact on the living standard using the analytic hierarchy process. Energy Policy.2008,36(3):1074-1089P
[113]Miller G. A.. The magical number seven plus or minus twos:some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review.1956,63:81-87P
[114]刘业政,徐德鹏,姜元春.多属性群决策中权重自适应调整的方法.系统工程与电子技术.2007,29(1)：45-48页
[115]梁樑,熊立,王国华.一种群决策中专家客观权重的确定方法.系统工程与电子技术.2005,27(4)：652-655页
[116]荆洪英,张利,闻邦椿.基于层次分析法的产品设计质量权重分配.东北大学学报.2009,30(5)：712-715页
[117]张吉军.模糊互补判断矩阵排序的一种新方法.运筹与管理.2005,14(2)：59-63页
[118]宋光兴,杨槐.群决策中的决策行为分析.学术探索.2000,57(3)：48-49页
[119]Dennis A R, et al. An experimental investigation of small, medium, and large groups in an EMS environment. IEEE Transactions on SMC.1990,20(5):1049-1057P
[120]Zhang J J, Wu D S, Olson D L. The method of grey related analysis to multiple attribute decision making problems with interval numbers. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2005,42(9-10):991-998P
[121]Wu D S. Supplier selection in a fuzzy group setting:A method using grey related analysis and Dempster-Shafer theory. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36(5): 8892-8899P
[122]陈孝新,刘思峰.部分权重信息且对方案有偏好的灰色关联决策法.系统工程与电子技术.2007,29(11)：1868-1871页
[123]卫贵武,王小容.对方案有偏好的模糊多属性决策的GRA方法.系统工程与电子技术.2008,30(8)：1489-1492页
[124]Jahanshahloo G R, Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Davoodi A R. Extension of TOPSIS for decision-making problems with interval data:Interval efficiency. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2009,49(5-6):1137-1142P
[125]Jahanshahloo G R, Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Izadikhah M. An algorithmic method to extend TOPSIS for decision-making problems with interval data. Applied Mathematics and Computation.2006,175(2):1375-1384P
[126]刘华文,姚炳学.区间数多指标决策的相对隶属度法.系统工程与电子技术.2004,26(7)：903-905页
[127]傅立.灰色系统理论及其应用.北京：科学技术文献出版社出版,1992：15-20页
[128]罗佑新,张龙庭,李敏.灰色系统理论及其在机械工程中的应用.长沙：国防科技大学出版社出版.2001：10-15页
[129]Yamaguchi D.,Li G. D., Mizutani K.,Akabane T.,Nagai M.,Kitaoka M..On the generalization of grey relational analysis. Journal of Grey System.2006,9:23-34P
[130]水乃翔.关于灰关联度的一些理论问题.系统工程.1992,10(16)：23-25P
[131]熊和金,陈绵云,瞿坦.区间数灰色聚类模型.武汉交通科技大学学报.1998,22(4)：388-390页
[132]刘俊娟,王炜,程琳.基于TWW函数的公路网灰数评价方法.系统工程理论与实践.2007,(7)：156-159页
[2]http://www.wano.org.uk.
[3]张力,赵明.WANO人因事件统计及分析.核动力工程.2005,26(3)：291-296页
[4]张力,许康,戴立操等.核电厂激发事故初因的人因事件分析.系统工程理论与实践.2004,(10)：138-144页
[5]尤永春.秦山三期核电站人因事件分析和对策研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2006：31-32页
[6]Jaewhan Kim, Wondea Jung, Young Seok Son. The MDTA-based method for assessing diagnosis failures and their risk impacts in nuclear power plants. Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2008,93(2):337-349P
[7]A. Richei, U. Hauptmanns, H. Unger. The human error rate assessment and optimizing system HEROS-a new procedure for evaluating and optimizing the man-machine interface in PSA. Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2001,72(2):153-164P
[8]杨宏刚,赵江平,郭进平等.人-机系统事故预防理论研究.中国安全科学学报.2009,19(2)：21-26页
[9]Roy A. Maxion, Robert W. Reeder. Improving user-interface dependability through mitigation of human error. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.2005, 63(1):25-50P
[10]P. C. Cacciabue. Evaluation of human factors and man-machine problems in the safety of nuclear power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design.1988,109(3):417-431P
[11]S. Y. Yan, Z. J. Zhang, M. J. Peng, M. Ying. A subjective evaluation method for human-computer interaction interface design based on grey theory. International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, Ausrralia,2006
[12]Society of Automotive Engineers. Recommended Practice J826, Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, PA
[13]Jingzhou Yang, Joo H.Kim, Karim Abdel-Malek, Timothy Marler, Steven Beck, Gregory R. Kopp. Anew digital human environment and assessment of vehicle interior design. Computer-Aided Design.2007,39(7):548-558P
[14]Badler N.I., Becket W.M., Webber B.L.. Simulation and analysis of complex human task for manufacturing. Proceedings of the SPIE-International Society of Optical Engineering,1995:225-233P
[15]Engineering Animation Inc. Jack 2.3 Training manual. EAC,1999
[16]Rothwell PL. A Man-modelling CAD program to assess the physical compatibility between aircrew and aircraft. AD-A161 342, September 1985
[17]Case K.J., Porter M., Bonney M.C.. SAMMIE:A man and workplace modelling system. Computer-Aided Ergonomics.1990:31-56P
[18]Nayar N.. Deneb/ERGO-a simulation based human factors tool. Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings,1995:427-431P
[19]Swat Krzysztof, Krzychowicz Grzegorzl. ERGONOM:Computer-aided working posture analysis system for workplace designers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.1996,18(1):15-26P
[20]McDaniel J.W.. Models for ergonomic analysis and design:COMBIMAN and CREW CHIEF. Computer-Aided Ergonomics.1990,22(4):138-156P
[21]Imtiyaz Shaikh, Uma Jayaram, Sankar Jayaram. Participatory ergonomics using VR integrated with analysis tools. Simulation Conference,2004,2:1746-1754P
[22]Ardey GF. Fusion and display of data according to the design philosophy of intuitive use. NASA NO.19990092816.1999
[23]张磊,庄达民,邓凡,谷增伟.飞机座舱人机工效评定实验台研制.飞行力学.2009,27(1)：81-84页
[24]柴春雷,黄琦,董占勋,孙守迁.面向家电产品的人机工程分析与评价系统.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2006,18(3)：580-583页
[25]罗仕鉴,孙守迁,唐明晰,潘云鹤.计算机辅助人机工程设计研究.浙江大学学报(工学版).2005,39(6)：806-809页
[26]林建.机械系统中人机操作界面的评价.福建农业大学学.2001,30(1)：119-122页
[27]陈晓明,高祖瑛,周志伟等.基于计算机模拟技术的人机界面评价系统.原子能科学技术.2004,38(1)：70-73页
[28]Zadech LA. Fuzzy sets. Information and Control.1965.8(3):338-353P
[29]Zadech L A. The concept of a linguistic variables and its application to approximate reasoning. Information Science.1975,8(3):199-249P
[30]Vanegas L V, Labib A W. Fuzzy approaches to evaluation in engineering design. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design.2005,127(1):24-33P
[31]Antonsson E K, Otto K N. Imprecision in engineering design. Journal of Mechanical Design.1995,117(B):25-32P
[32]Thurston D L, Carnahan J V. Fuzzy ratings and utility analysis in Preliminary design evaluation of multiple attributes. Journal of Mechanical Design.1992,114(4): 648-658P
[33]Carnahan J V, Thurston D L, Liu T. Fussing ratings for multiattribute design decision-making. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design.1994,116(2):511-521P
[34]Wang J A. Fuzzy outranking method for conceptual design evaluation. International Journal of Production Research.1997,35(4):995-1010P
[35]Zhou M. Fuzzy logic and optimization models for implementing QFD. Computers and Industrial Engineering.1998,35(1):237-240P
[36]Anil Mital, Waldemar Karwowski. Towards the development of human work-performance standards in futuristic man-machine systems:A fuzzy modeling approach. Fuzzy Sets and Systems.1986,19(2):133-147P
[37]Ulrich Kramer. On the application of fuzzy sets to the analysis of the system driver-vehicle-environment. Automatica.1985,21(1):101-107P
[38]LI Ling-juan, SHEN Ling-tong. An improved multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm for security performance. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunicayions.2006,13(4):48-53P
[39]周前祥,姜国华.基于模糊因素的载人航天器乘员舱内人-机界面工效学评价研究.模糊系统与数学.2002,16(1)：99-103页
[40]李银霞,杨锋,王黎静,袁修干.飞机座舱工效学综合评价研究及其应用.北京航空航天大学学报.2005,31(6)：652-656页
[41]郭北苑,方卫宁.基于模糊因素的车载显示屏人机工效评价.北京交通大学学报.2005,29(1)：81-85页
[42]Saaty T.L.. The analytic hierarchy process. New york:Mcgraw Hill Company,1980: 1-120P
[43]Saaty T.L.. Axiomatic foundations of the analytic hierarchy process. Management Science.1986,32:841-855P
[44]Saaty T.L.. Rank generation, preservation and reversal in the analytic hierarchy decisionprocess. Decision Sciences.1987,18:157-177P
[45]YeoSH, Mak M W, Balon S A P. Analysis of decision-making methodologies for desirability score of conceptual design. Journal of Engineering Design.2004,15(2): 195-205P
[46]Ayag Z. An integrated Approach to evaluating conceptual design alternatives in a new development environment. International Journal of production Research.2005,43(4): 657-713P
[47]F.T.S. Chan, M.H. Chan, N.K.H. Tang. Evaluation methodologies for technology selection. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2000,107(1-3):330-337P
[48]Jong Hyun Kim, Poong Hyun Seong. A methodology for the quantitative evaluation of NPP fault diagnostic systems' dynamic aspects. Annals of Nuclear Energy.2000, 27(16):1459-1481P
[49]丁文珂,杨国胜,方慧敏.基于层次分析法的人机界面综合评价.南阳师范学院学报.2007,6(12)：72-85页
[50]K.R. Niazi, C.M. Arora, S.L. Surana. Power system security evaluation using ANN: feature selection using divergence. Electric Power Systems Research.2004,69(2-3): 161-167P
[51]Rakesh K. Misra, Shiv P. Singh. Efficient ANN method for post-contingency status evaluation. Electrical Power and Energy Systems.2010,32(1):54-62P
[52]Hyun-Ho Lee, Sang-Kwon Lee. Objective evaluation of interior noise booming in a passenger car based on sound metrics and artificial neural networks. Applied Ergonomics.2009,40(5):860-869P
[53]B. Ra'duly, K.V. Gernaey, A.G. Capodaglio, P.S. Mikkelsen, M. Henze. Artificial neural networks for rapid WWTP performance evaluation:Methodology and case study. Environmental Modelling & Software.2007,22(8):1208-1216P
[54]Yan Shengyuan, Yu Xiaoyang, Zhang Hongguo, et.al.. Reasearch of software user interface evaluation method based on subjective expectation. IEEE ICMA, Harbin, China,2007:3190-3195P
[55]Shengyuan Yan, Yuqing Xu, Ming Yang, et.al.. A subjective evaluation study on human-machine interface of marine meter based on REF network. The AsiaLink-EAMARNET International Conference on Ship Design, Harbin, China,2009
[56]朱川曲.基于神经网络的综采工作面人-机-环境系统的可靠性研究.煤炭学报.2000,25(3)：268-272页
[57]Yong-Huang Lin. Pin-Chan Lee. Effective evaluation model under the condition of insufficient and uncertain information. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36(3): 5600-5604P
[58]Yong-Huang Lin, Pin-Chan Lee, Ta-Peng Chang, et.al.. Multi-attribute group decision making model under the condition of uncertain information. Automation in Construction.2008,17(6):792-797P
[59]Hsin-Hsi Lai, Chien-Hsu Chen, Yu-Cheng Chen. Product design evaluation model of child car seat using gray relational analysis. Advanced Engineering Informatics.2009, 23(2):165-173P
[60]Yan Shengyuan, Zhang Zhijian, Peng Minjun, et.al.. A subjective evaluation method for human-computer interaction interface design based on grey theory. International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, Sydney, NSW, Australia,2006
[61]Yan Shengyuan, Zhang Zhijian, Peng Minjun, et.al.. A comprehensive evaluation method of human-machine interface for indicator-meters based on gray theory. Fourteenth International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Miami, Florida, 2006.
[62]Lijie Guo, Jinji Gao, Jianfeng Yang, Jianxin Kang. Criticality evaluation of petrochemical equipment based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and a BP neural network. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries.2009,22 (4):469-476P
[63]Sun J, Kalenchuk D K, Xue D, et al. Design candidate identification using neural network-based fuzzy reasoning. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing.2000,16(5):383-396P
[64]Hung-Cheng Tsai, Shih-Wen Hsiao, Fei-Kung Hung. An image evaluation approach for parameter-based product form and color design. Computer-Aided Design.2006,38(2): 157-171P
[65]Sun-Jen Huang, Nan-Hsing Chiu, Li-Wei Chen. Integration of the grey relational analysis with genetic algorithm for software effort estimation. European Journal of Operational Research.2008,188(1):898-909P
[66]Lian-Yin Zhai, Li-Pheng Khoo, Zhao-Wei Zhong. Design concept evaluation in product development using rough sets and grey relation analysis. Expert Systems with Application.2009,36(3):7072-7079P
[67]Hepu Deng, Chung-Hsing Yeh, Robert J. Willis. Inter-company comparison using modified TOPSIS with objective weights. Computers & Operations Research.2000, 27(10):963-973P
[68]ZOU Zhi-hong, YUN Yi, SUN Jing-nan. Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment indicators. Journal of Environmental Sciences.2006,18(5):1020-1023P
[69]ZHAO Chun-yu. The study on the performance evaluation of enterprises knowledge value chain management based on entropy weight TOPSIS.2009 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering, Moscow, Russia,2009: 1196-1202P
[70]DENG Wan-jun, WEI Fa-jie. Strategic value evaluation of china steel companies based on factor analysis and entropy weight.2009 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering, Moscow, Russia,2009:502-506P
[71]Dang Ke, Lv Pan, Zhang Hui-ming. Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation for power transmission network planning based on entropy weight method. Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Zhangjiajie, China,2009:676-680P
[72]Chiang Kao. Weight determination for consistently ranking alternatives in multiple criteria decision analysis. Applied Mathematical Modelling.2010,34(7):1779-1787P
[73]Ying-Ming Wang, Ying Luo. Integration of correlations with standard deviations for determining attribute weights in multiple attribute decision making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2010,51(1-2):1-12P
[74]柳炳祥,李海林.基于模糊粗糙集的因素权重分配方法.控制与决策.2007,22(12)：1437-1440页
[75]Jian Ma, Zhi-Ping Fan, Li-Hua Huang. A subjective and objective integrated approach to determine attribute weights. European Journal of Operational Research.1999, 112(2):397-404P
[76]A.T.W. Chu, R.E. Kalaba, K. Spingarn, A comparison of two methods for determining the weights of belonging to fuzzy sets. Journal of Optimisation Theory and Application.1979,27:531-538P
[77]Z.P. Fan. Complicated Multiple Attribute Decision Making:Theory and Applications. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, PRC,1996: 1-23P
[78]W. Tang, A. Z. Chen, D. M. Li, et.al.. The application of combination weighting approach in multiple attribute decision making. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding, China,2009:2724-2728P
[79]G. Yang, W. J. Huang. Application of the TOPSIS based on entropy-AHP weight in nuclear power plant nuclear-grade equipment supplier selection.2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, Wuhan, China,2009:633-636P
[80]Yulin Lin, Yuyan Liu, Zhijue Wang. Study on indexes weighting of the physical quality of life evaluation rural migrant workers-application of combined weighting method based on AHP and ANN. Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation, Shandong, China,2008:172-177P
[81]Hong-Xing Li, Ling-Xia Li, Jia-Yin Wang. Fuzzy Decision Making Based on Variable Weights. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2004,39(2-3):163-179P
[82]Fatemeh Torfi, Reza Zanjirani Farahani, Shabnam Rezapour. Fuzzy AHP to determine the relative weights of evaluation criteria and Fuzzy TOPSIS to rank the alternatives. Applied Soft Computing.2010,10(2):520-528P
[83]刘万里,刘三阳.AHP中群决策判断矩阵的构造.系统工程与电子技术.2005,27(11)：1907-1908页
[84]O. Cervantes, I. Espejel. Design of an integrated evaluation index for recreational beaches. Ocean & Coastal Management.2008,51(2):410-419P
[85]A. R. Jimenez, R. Ceres, J. L. Pons. A new adaptive filter and quality evaluation index for image restoration. Pattern Recognition.2001,34(2):457-467P
[86]Liu Hong-yu, Li Jian, Ge Yun-xian. Design of customer satisfaction measurement index system of EMS service. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications.2006,13(1):109-113P
[87]李元年.基于熵理论的指标体系区分度测算与权重设计.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2008：13-14页
[88]Y. J. Zhang, X. Chen, X. F. Ren. Establishment of an index system for evaluating outstanding biomedical scientists for science foundation of Shanghai. Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA.2007,22(6):191-194P
[89]郭亚军,于兆吉.综合评价的合理性问题.东北大学学报(自然科学版).2002,23(9)：844-847页
[90]苏为华.多指标综合评价理论与方法问题研究.厦门大学博士学位论文.2000：17-20页
[91]Satty T L. Modeling unstructured decision problems:a theory of analytical hierarchies. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mathematical Modeling, University of Missoure Rolla,1977, (1):59-77P
[92]Shen Fei-min, Chen Bo-hui, Yang Jian. Study on construction and quantification of evaluation index system of mine ventilation system. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science.2009, (1):114-122P
[93]Yang Jing. Study on the evaluation index system of community information construction based on system analysis and AHP. IEEE CS.2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, Wuhan, China,2009, 3:364-368P
[94]Cui Shu-jun, Liu Hui-xiao. Construction of the steel industry evaluating index system based on AHP.2008 IS ECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control and Management, Guangzhou, China,2008,8:62-68P
[95]高杰,孙林岩,李满圆.区间估计：AHP指标筛选的一种方法.系统工程理论与实践.2005,10：73-77页
[96]Chao Rong, Katsuhiko Takahashi, Jing Wang. Enterprise waste evaluation using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy set theory. Production Planning & Control.2003, 14(1):90-103P
[97]李崇明,丁烈云.复杂系统指标筛选模型及其在武汉市房地产系统中的应用.统计研究.2008,25(10)：44-46页
[98]Liu Bao-xiang, Li Yan-kun, Yang Ya-feng. Discrimination for equivalency of index systems based on fuzzy cluster analysis. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding, China,2009:616-618P
[99]沈珍瑶,杨志峰.灰关联分析方法用于指标体系的筛选.数学的实践与认识.2002,32(5)：728-732页
[100]李崇明,丁烈云.复杂系统评价指标的筛选方法.统计与决策.2004,(9)：8-9页
[101]陈海英,郭巧,徐力.基于神经网络的指标体系优化方法.计算机仿真.2004,21(7)：107-110页
[102]Dong Peng, Dai Feng, Wu Song-tao. The construction of index system based on improved genetic algorithm and neural network. International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops, Shanghai, China,2008: 58-61P
[103]陈洪涛,周德群,黄国良.基于粗糙集理论的企业效绩评价指标属性约简.计算机应用研究.2007,24(12)：109-110页
[104]PAWLAK Z. Rough set. Inter Journal of Information and Computer Science.1982, 11(5):341-356页
[105]PAWLAK Z. Rough sets-theoretical aspects of reasoning about data. Dordrecht: KluwerAcademic Publishers,1991:68-162页
[106]张朝阳,赵涛,王春红.基于粗糙集的属性约简方法在指标筛选中的应用.科技 管理研究.2009,(1)：78-79页
[107]李随成,陈敬东,赵海刚.定性决策指标体系评价研究.系统工程理论与实践.2001,(9)：22-28页
[108]Yang ChangLin, Chuang ShanPing, Huang RongHwa. Manufacturing evaluation system based on AHP/ANP approach for wafer fabricating industry. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36(8):11369-11377P
[109]Metin Dagdeviren, Serkan Yavuz, Nevzatilinc. Weapon selection using the AHP and TOPS IS methods under fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications.2009, 36(4):8143-8151P
[110]Eun-ha Kwon, Won II Ko. Evaluation method of nuclear nonproliferation credibility. Annals of Nuclear Energy.2009,36(7):910-916P
[111]Jerzy Michnik, Mei-Chen Lo. The assessment of the information quality with the aid of multiple criteria analysis. European Journal of Operational Research.2009,195(3): 850-856P
[112]Athanasios I. Chatzimouratidis, Petros A. Pilavachi. Multicriteria evaluation of power plants impact on the living standard using the analytic hierarchy process. Energy Policy.2008,36(3):1074-1089P
[113]Miller G. A.. The magical number seven plus or minus twos:some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review.1956,63:81-87P
[114]刘业政,徐德鹏,姜元春.多属性群决策中权重自适应调整的方法.系统工程与电子技术.2007,29(1)：45-48页
[115]梁樑,熊立,王国华.一种群决策中专家客观权重的确定方法.系统工程与电子技术.2005,27(4)：652-655页
[116]荆洪英,张利,闻邦椿.基于层次分析法的产品设计质量权重分配.东北大学学报.2009,30(5)：712-715页
[117]张吉军.模糊互补判断矩阵排序的一种新方法.运筹与管理.2005,14(2)：59-63页
[118]宋光兴,杨槐.群决策中的决策行为分析.学术探索.2000,57(3)：48-49页
[119]Dennis A R, et al. An experimental investigation of small, medium, and large groups in an EMS environment. IEEE Transactions on SMC.1990,20(5):1049-1057P
[120]Zhang J J, Wu D S, Olson D L. The method of grey related analysis to multiple attribute decision making problems with interval numbers. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2005,42(9-10):991-998P
[121]Wu D S. Supplier selection in a fuzzy group setting:A method using grey related analysis and Dempster-Shafer theory. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36(5): 8892-8899P
[122]陈孝新,刘思峰.部分权重信息且对方案有偏好的灰色关联决策法.系统工程与电子技术.2007,29(11)：1868-1871页
[123]卫贵武,王小容.对方案有偏好的模糊多属性决策的GRA方法.系统工程与电子技术.2008,30(8)：1489-1492页
[124]Jahanshahloo G R, Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Davoodi A R. Extension of TOPSIS for decision-making problems with interval data:Interval efficiency. Mathematical and Computer Modelling.2009,49(5-6):1137-1142P
[125]Jahanshahloo G R, Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Izadikhah M. An algorithmic method to extend TOPSIS for decision-making problems with interval data. Applied Mathematics and Computation.2006,175(2):1375-1384P
[126]刘华文,姚炳学.区间数多指标决策的相对隶属度法.系统工程与电子技术.2004,26(7)：903-905页
[127]傅立.灰色系统理论及其应用.北京：科学技术文献出版社出版,1992：15-20页
[128]罗佑新,张龙庭,李敏.灰色系统理论及其在机械工程中的应用.长沙：国防科技大学出版社出版.2001：10-15页
[129]Yamaguchi D.,Li G. D., Mizutani K.,Akabane T.,Nagai M.,Kitaoka M..On the generalization of grey relational analysis. Journal of Grey System.2006,9:23-34P
[130]水乃翔.关于灰关联度的一些理论问题.系统工程.1992,10(16)：23-25P
[131]熊和金,陈绵云,瞿坦.区间数灰色聚类模型.武汉交通科技大学学报.1998,22(4)：388-390页
[132]刘俊娟,王炜,程琳.基于TWW函数的公路网灰数评价方法.系统工程理论与实践.2007,(7)：156-159页