三级式同步电机变频交流起动/发电系统的研究
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摘要
变速变频电源是今后飞机电源的主要发展方向之一,由于取消了恒速装置,可以方便的实现起动/发电双功能,从而减小了飞机重量和成本,提高了效率;三级式同步电机作为目前航空领域使用最广泛的发电机,应用到变频电源起动/发电系统中具有改动小、风险小、周期短的优点。因此本文致力于对三级式同步电机变频起动/发电系统控制的研究。
本文首先介绍了三级式同步电机的发电调压原理和起动励磁原理,之后根据定子轴系下的数学方程建立了定子轴系下的同步电机模型,并进而搭建出三级式同步电机的仿真模型,在此基础上完成三级式同步电机变频起动/发电系统的仿真模型,对其运行特性进行了仿真分析。
起动/发电控制是本文的主要研究内容。在起动控制研究部分,首先说明采用三相六拍控制法作为三级式同步电机的起动控制方法的原因,之后分析解释了电励磁同步正弦波电机采用三相六拍控制法产生励磁电流突变的原因,并提出了抑制突变的两种斩波方法。在发电调压控制部分,指出变速变频电源系统采用恒速恒频电源系统的调压控制结构依然有效,可通过仿真得到验证。
最后,本文介绍了基于DSP和CPLD的三级式同步电机变频电源起动/发电系统的软硬件设计,并在实验系统平台上进行相关实验,结果表明起动/发电控制方法的正确性和有效性,验证了三级式同步电机变频电源起动/发电系统方案的可行性。
Conventional aircraft power system is a constant-frequency (CF) supply based on mechanical-regulated constant-speed mechanism that has relatively low efficiency. Replacing the CF system with variable-frequency (VF) power will improve overall efficiency, and reduce the system’s weight and volume. Novel VF-power architecture will likely combine the main engine starting functions with the electric power generation. For this purpose, this thesis focuses on the study and implementation of the digital control for the aircraft Starter/Generator basd on the Brushless Excitation Synchronous Machines (BESM).
Firstly, the working principles of BESM in starting and generating mode are presented, and then the model of BESM in stator reference frame is given briefly. The simulation model of the Starter/Generator system based on BESM is constructed in MATLAB. The operational characteristics of starting, switching, generating process are analyzed.
Furthermore, the control strategies for BESM are proposed. Three-phase-six-state control strategy is adopted for the BESM in starting mode. To solve the mutation problems of the excitation current, two chopping ways to inhibit the mutation are proposed. Besides, a multi-loop voltage control scheme is used in generating mode. The selection methods of PI parameters for the control loops are also discussed.
Finally, the design of hardware and software controller based on DSP + CPLD is introduced in details. Numerous experiments results are given in order to illustrate the efficiency of the control strategy and the structure of the system.
本文首先介绍了三级式同步电机的发电调压原理和起动励磁原理,之后根据定子轴系下的数学方程建立了定子轴系下的同步电机模型,并进而搭建出三级式同步电机的仿真模型,在此基础上完成三级式同步电机变频起动/发电系统的仿真模型,对其运行特性进行了仿真分析。
起动/发电控制是本文的主要研究内容。在起动控制研究部分,首先说明采用三相六拍控制法作为三级式同步电机的起动控制方法的原因,之后分析解释了电励磁同步正弦波电机采用三相六拍控制法产生励磁电流突变的原因,并提出了抑制突变的两种斩波方法。在发电调压控制部分,指出变速变频电源系统采用恒速恒频电源系统的调压控制结构依然有效,可通过仿真得到验证。
最后,本文介绍了基于DSP和CPLD的三级式同步电机变频电源起动/发电系统的软硬件设计,并在实验系统平台上进行相关实验,结果表明起动/发电控制方法的正确性和有效性,验证了三级式同步电机变频电源起动/发电系统方案的可行性。
Conventional aircraft power system is a constant-frequency (CF) supply based on mechanical-regulated constant-speed mechanism that has relatively low efficiency. Replacing the CF system with variable-frequency (VF) power will improve overall efficiency, and reduce the system’s weight and volume. Novel VF-power architecture will likely combine the main engine starting functions with the electric power generation. For this purpose, this thesis focuses on the study and implementation of the digital control for the aircraft Starter/Generator basd on the Brushless Excitation Synchronous Machines (BESM).
Firstly, the working principles of BESM in starting and generating mode are presented, and then the model of BESM in stator reference frame is given briefly. The simulation model of the Starter/Generator system based on BESM is constructed in MATLAB. The operational characteristics of starting, switching, generating process are analyzed.
Furthermore, the control strategies for BESM are proposed. Three-phase-six-state control strategy is adopted for the BESM in starting mode. To solve the mutation problems of the excitation current, two chopping ways to inhibit the mutation are proposed. Besides, a multi-loop voltage control scheme is used in generating mode. The selection methods of PI parameters for the control loops are also discussed.
Finally, the design of hardware and software controller based on DSP + CPLD is introduced in details. Numerous experiments results are given in order to illustrate the efficiency of the control strategy and the structure of the system.
引文
[1]沈颂华.航空航天器供电系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[2]程国华.大型民用飞机电源系统的现状与发展.民用飞机设计与研究,2008, (4):1-5.
[3]王舰.浅析民用飞机电源系统发展趋势.内江科技,2009, (5):90.
[4]顾毅康.电磁式无刷交流同步电机新型起动方案研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002.
[5]周波.基于C-dump双向变换器的无刷直流起动发电机系统研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[6] A.Radun,C.Ferreira,E.Richter.Two channel switch reluctance starter/generator results.APEC,1997,vol.1:546-552.
[7]严仰光.关于飞机变速恒频电源研究的报告.南航科技报告,WHZB-89-5558,1989.
[8]龚春英.旋转整流器式无刷发电机仿真研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1993.
[9]谢少军.飞机交直交变速恒频电源系统的数字仿真, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1995.
[10]陈宝林,严仰光,陈广华,胡育文.飞机起动/发电双功能系统电动状态单相交流励磁的研究.电工技术杂志,2001, (1):7-8+3.
[11]刘闯.开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实践, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[12]王瑾.飞机无刷发电机及电压调整技术研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[13]胡春玉.电磁式无刷交流同步电机起动发电过程的仿真与实现, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[14]彭钢,周波.基于MATLAB 6.5的三级式无刷交流发电机系统的仿真.江苏省电工技术学会论文集,2004:21-24.
[15]廖颖熙,穆新华,葛红娟.三级无刷交流发电机调压系统的建模及仿真分析.电源世界,2006, (5):47-49.
[16]曹志远.旋转整流器式航空同步电机起动控制的研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[17] Malik E.Elbuluk,M.David Kankam.Potential Starter/Generator technologies for futureaerospace applications.IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems Magazine,1997,12(5):24-31.
[18]顾春雷,胡育文.独立电源起动/发电系统的研究现状及特点.电工技术杂志,2004, (11):51-54.
[19] Sung-In Park,Tae-Sung kim,Sung-Chan Ahn,Dong-Seok Hyun.An improved current control method for torque improvement of high-speed BLDC motor.APEC,2003,1:294-299.
[20]高瑾.无刷直流电机直接转矩控制的一体化研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[21]汪俊杰.新型无刷直流电机驱动系统研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[22]吴昊,孙新亚,吉吟东.一种抑制无刷直流电动机转矩脉动的新方法.微电机,2008,41(9):6-9.
[23]胡延苏,戴冠中,高昂,孙继勇.一种无刷直流电机调速系统实验研究.微电机,2009,42(5):22-23+42.
[24] Sung Jun Park,HanWoong Park,Man Hyung Lee.A new approach for minimum_torque_ripple maximum_efficiency control of bldc motor.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(1):109-114.
[25] Tae-Sung Kim,Sung-Chan Ahn,Dong-Seok Hyun.A new current control algorithm for torque ripple reduction of BLDC Motors.IECON,2001, (2):1521-1526.
[26] S.S.Bharatkar,Raju Yanamshetti,D.Chatterjee,A.K. Ganguli.Commutation torque ripple analysis and reduction through hybrid switching for bldc motor drives.ICIIS,USA:IEEE,2008:1-5.
[27] Taehyung Kim,Hyung-Woo Lee,Leila Parsa,Mehrdad Ehsani.Optimal power and torque control of a brushless dc motor_generator drive in electric and hybrid electric vehicles.Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Application Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting,2006,3:1276-1281.
[28] Ki-Yong Nam,Woo-Taik Lee,Choon-Man Lee,Jung-Pyo Hong.Reducing torque ripple of brushless dc motor by varying input voltage.IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,2006,42(4):1307-1310.
[29] S. S. Bharatkar,Raju Yanamshetti,D. Chatterjee,A. K. Ganguli.Reduction of commutation torque ripple in a brushless dc motor drive.PECon,USA:IEEE,2008:289-294.
[30] Yong Liu,Z.Q.Zhu,David Howe.Commutation_torque_ripple minimization indirect_torque_controlled PM brushless DC drives.Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting,2006,4:1012-1021.
[31]陈冬,房建成.非理想梯形波反电势永磁无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制方法.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(30):79-83.
[32]吴奎华,韦鲲,林平.无刷直流电动机非换相转矩脉动抑制研究.微电机,2007,40(12):44-47.
[33]韦鲲,林平,熊宇,张仲超.无刷直流电机PWM调制方式的优化研究.浙江大学学报(工学版) ,2005,39(7):1038-1042.
[34]韦鲲,林平,张仲超.无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的电流预测控制.浙江大学学报,2006,40(1):171-175+180.
[35]林平,韦鲲,张仲超.新型无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的抑制控制方法.中国电机工程学报,2005,26(3):153-158.
[36]宋飞,周波,吴小婧.抑制无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的新型补偿策略.电工技术学报,2008,23(11):28-33.
[37] Yangzhong Zhou,Yuwen Hu.A novel direct torque control for electrically excited synchronous motor drives with high power factor and low ripples in flux and torque.PESC,USA:IEEE,2008:4752-4756.
[38] Philip Carne Kjaer,Tommy Kjellqvist,Charles Delaloye.Estimation of field current in vector-controlled synchronous machine variable-speed drives employing brushless asynchronous exciters.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(3):834-840.
[39]周扬忠.电励磁同步电动机直接转矩控制理论研究及实践, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[40]周扬忠,胡育文,黄文新,胡春玉.阻尼绕组对直接转矩控制同步电机动态行为的影响.航空学报,2005,26(4):476-481.
[41]董希建.交流发电机控制器的技术研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[42] Emadi A,Ehsani M.Aircraft power systems: technology, state of the art, and the trends.IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,2000,15(1):28-32.
[43] Amira Maalouf,Mohamed Wissem Naouar,Eric Monmasson,Ahmad Ammar Naassani,Sandrine Leballois,Jean-Yves midy.Digital control of a brushless excitation synchronous starter generator in the generation mode.IECON,USA:IEEE,2008:1155-1160.
[44] Chen Zhihui,Jiang Changsheng.Research on the digital voltage regulator on a VSCF ACpower system.ICEMS,2001,1:639-642.
[45] Sebastian Rosado,Xiangfei Ma,Chong Han,Fred Wang,Dushan Boroyevich.Model-based digital controller for a variable frequency synchronous generator with brushless exciter.PESC,USA:IEEE,2005:90-95.
[46]王素青,姜维福.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的PID参数整定.自动化技术与应用,2009, (3):24-25+28.
[2]程国华.大型民用飞机电源系统的现状与发展.民用飞机设计与研究,2008, (4):1-5.
[3]王舰.浅析民用飞机电源系统发展趋势.内江科技,2009, (5):90.
[4]顾毅康.电磁式无刷交流同步电机新型起动方案研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002.
[5]周波.基于C-dump双向变换器的无刷直流起动发电机系统研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[6] A.Radun,C.Ferreira,E.Richter.Two channel switch reluctance starter/generator results.APEC,1997,vol.1:546-552.
[7]严仰光.关于飞机变速恒频电源研究的报告.南航科技报告,WHZB-89-5558,1989.
[8]龚春英.旋转整流器式无刷发电机仿真研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1993.
[9]谢少军.飞机交直交变速恒频电源系统的数字仿真, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1995.
[10]陈宝林,严仰光,陈广华,胡育文.飞机起动/发电双功能系统电动状态单相交流励磁的研究.电工技术杂志,2001, (1):7-8+3.
[11]刘闯.开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实践, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[12]王瑾.飞机无刷发电机及电压调整技术研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[13]胡春玉.电磁式无刷交流同步电机起动发电过程的仿真与实现, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[14]彭钢,周波.基于MATLAB 6.5的三级式无刷交流发电机系统的仿真.江苏省电工技术学会论文集,2004:21-24.
[15]廖颖熙,穆新华,葛红娟.三级无刷交流发电机调压系统的建模及仿真分析.电源世界,2006, (5):47-49.
[16]曹志远.旋转整流器式航空同步电机起动控制的研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[17] Malik E.Elbuluk,M.David Kankam.Potential Starter/Generator technologies for futureaerospace applications.IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems Magazine,1997,12(5):24-31.
[18]顾春雷,胡育文.独立电源起动/发电系统的研究现状及特点.电工技术杂志,2004, (11):51-54.
[19] Sung-In Park,Tae-Sung kim,Sung-Chan Ahn,Dong-Seok Hyun.An improved current control method for torque improvement of high-speed BLDC motor.APEC,2003,1:294-299.
[20]高瑾.无刷直流电机直接转矩控制的一体化研究, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[21]汪俊杰.新型无刷直流电机驱动系统研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[22]吴昊,孙新亚,吉吟东.一种抑制无刷直流电动机转矩脉动的新方法.微电机,2008,41(9):6-9.
[23]胡延苏,戴冠中,高昂,孙继勇.一种无刷直流电机调速系统实验研究.微电机,2009,42(5):22-23+42.
[24] Sung Jun Park,HanWoong Park,Man Hyung Lee.A new approach for minimum_torque_ripple maximum_efficiency control of bldc motor.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(1):109-114.
[25] Tae-Sung Kim,Sung-Chan Ahn,Dong-Seok Hyun.A new current control algorithm for torque ripple reduction of BLDC Motors.IECON,2001, (2):1521-1526.
[26] S.S.Bharatkar,Raju Yanamshetti,D.Chatterjee,A.K. Ganguli.Commutation torque ripple analysis and reduction through hybrid switching for bldc motor drives.ICIIS,USA:IEEE,2008:1-5.
[27] Taehyung Kim,Hyung-Woo Lee,Leila Parsa,Mehrdad Ehsani.Optimal power and torque control of a brushless dc motor_generator drive in electric and hybrid electric vehicles.Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Application Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting,2006,3:1276-1281.
[28] Ki-Yong Nam,Woo-Taik Lee,Choon-Man Lee,Jung-Pyo Hong.Reducing torque ripple of brushless dc motor by varying input voltage.IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,2006,42(4):1307-1310.
[29] S. S. Bharatkar,Raju Yanamshetti,D. Chatterjee,A. K. Ganguli.Reduction of commutation torque ripple in a brushless dc motor drive.PECon,USA:IEEE,2008:289-294.
[30] Yong Liu,Z.Q.Zhu,David Howe.Commutation_torque_ripple minimization indirect_torque_controlled PM brushless DC drives.Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting,2006,4:1012-1021.
[31]陈冬,房建成.非理想梯形波反电势永磁无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制方法.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(30):79-83.
[32]吴奎华,韦鲲,林平.无刷直流电动机非换相转矩脉动抑制研究.微电机,2007,40(12):44-47.
[33]韦鲲,林平,熊宇,张仲超.无刷直流电机PWM调制方式的优化研究.浙江大学学报(工学版) ,2005,39(7):1038-1042.
[34]韦鲲,林平,张仲超.无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的电流预测控制.浙江大学学报,2006,40(1):171-175+180.
[35]林平,韦鲲,张仲超.新型无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的抑制控制方法.中国电机工程学报,2005,26(3):153-158.
[36]宋飞,周波,吴小婧.抑制无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的新型补偿策略.电工技术学报,2008,23(11):28-33.
[37] Yangzhong Zhou,Yuwen Hu.A novel direct torque control for electrically excited synchronous motor drives with high power factor and low ripples in flux and torque.PESC,USA:IEEE,2008:4752-4756.
[38] Philip Carne Kjaer,Tommy Kjellqvist,Charles Delaloye.Estimation of field current in vector-controlled synchronous machine variable-speed drives employing brushless asynchronous exciters.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(3):834-840.
[39]周扬忠.电励磁同步电动机直接转矩控制理论研究及实践, [博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[40]周扬忠,胡育文,黄文新,胡春玉.阻尼绕组对直接转矩控制同步电机动态行为的影响.航空学报,2005,26(4):476-481.
[41]董希建.交流发电机控制器的技术研究, [硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[42] Emadi A,Ehsani M.Aircraft power systems: technology, state of the art, and the trends.IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,2000,15(1):28-32.
[43] Amira Maalouf,Mohamed Wissem Naouar,Eric Monmasson,Ahmad Ammar Naassani,Sandrine Leballois,Jean-Yves midy.Digital control of a brushless excitation synchronous starter generator in the generation mode.IECON,USA:IEEE,2008:1155-1160.
[44] Chen Zhihui,Jiang Changsheng.Research on the digital voltage regulator on a VSCF ACpower system.ICEMS,2001,1:639-642.
[45] Sebastian Rosado,Xiangfei Ma,Chong Han,Fred Wang,Dushan Boroyevich.Model-based digital controller for a variable frequency synchronous generator with brushless exciter.PESC,USA:IEEE,2005:90-95.
[46]王素青,姜维福.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的PID参数整定.自动化技术与应用,2009, (3):24-25+28.