吉林省典型城市大气颗粒物中PAHs分布特征研究
|
摘要
论文以吉林省长春市、吉林市、通化市、四平市和白城市共5个典型城市大气颗粒物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征为研究的切入点，主要研究吉林省典型城市大气颗粒物中PAHs的时间、空间和结构分布特征，并对其主要来源和治理对策措施进行了初步探讨，以期为降低吉林省大气颗粒物种PAHs的污染程度，改善大气环境质量状况提供科学依据。
研究表明，吉林省五个典型城市大气颗粒物中PAHs分析测试结果中，荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、苯并(ghi)苝的浓度均较高，菲、蒽、二苯并(ah)蒽浓度次之，其它多环芳烃平均浓度低于1.0ng/m3。五个城市中ΣPAHs值的排序为：吉林市>通化市>四平市>白城市>长春市。大气颗粒物中PAHs采暖期低环占有绝对比重，而在非采暖期中，高环和低环所占比重差不多，高环相对较高；在所有城市的大气颗粒物中，低环PAHs中的4环占有绝对优势，接近总浓度的50%甚至更高。在所有城市的大气颗粒物中，各环PAHs的含量百分比的总体排序为4环>5环>6环>3环>2环。吉林省五个典型城市大气颗粒物上PAHs的主要来源是燃煤和汽车尾气。
Atmospheric particulate is a kind of multiphase system composed of all solid orliquid particles scattered in the atmosphere. The sources are divided into two kinds,the natural sources and human sources. The atmospheric particulates account only asmall proportion in the atmosphere pollutants, but they can widely participate invarious atmosphere chemical processes, directly or indirectly influence the ecologicalsystem, and have a strong effect on environment, climate and human health, etc.Different topography and geomorphology, different weather conditions and differentsources of particle pollution emission have obvious seasonal characteristics. Theeffect of particulates in the atmosphere depends on the physical and chemicalproperties, the quality and quantity determine how much inhaled particles could makepeople sick, the size decides which part particles could enter into human body. Ourcountry is one of the relatively serious air pollution countries, the averageconcentration of atmospheric particulates and dust exceed the national secondarystandard, and exceed1-7times than the upper limit value of the World HealthOrganization (90μg/m3). Atmospheric pollution types of our urban areas are changingfrom coal smoke pollution to coal smoke-mobile vehicle composite pollution type.
In recent years, there are more and more studies of atmospheric particulates.Among atmospheric particulate pollution, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)is a kind of much more important organic pollutant. It could enter into human bodyhave "cancer, teratogenic and the mutation" characteristics, and can cause a greatharm to the human healthy. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars pay more andmore attention to PAHs. PAHs have been included in the list of major pollutants inmany countries, as persistent toxic substances greatly harmful to the human health in the environment. Through the coal, motor vehicle emissions into the atmosphere andthrough the dry and wet deposition into the environment, PAHs have the influence tothe surrounding environment. Its impact on the environment is not only limited to theatmosphere, but also the soil environment. The soil is the foundation of food safety; itcould pass the food chain transmission, so the soil pollution is extremely difficult totreat, including PAHs pollution to the plant. Other studies suggest that if existing inwater, it will also cause water pollution, damage to aquatic animals, and harm theentire ecosystem. So, the research of PAHs in the environment is very necessary.
In this thesis, five typical cities in Jilin province were selected to clearly describethe pollution distribution characteristics of PAHs in them. The five typical cities areChangchun, Jilin, Siping, Tonghua and Baicheng. In the five cities, many monitoringsites were set according to the principle of even distribution in the area and alsoconsidering the atmospheric auto monitoring stations at first. In Changchun, there are8atmospheric auto monitoring stations,4in Jilin,2in Siping,2in Tonghua, and2inBaicheng. Totally, there are18atmospheric auto monitoring stations in five typicalcities in Jilin province.
The equipments of monitoring were NO.2050medium flow PM10/TSP samplorproduced by Laoshan Applied Institute of Qingdao euqiped with glass films with theflow rate of100L/min in contious24hours.
This paper obtains the PAHs pollution characteristics, by sampling and analyzingand correlation processing of five typical urban in the Jilin province, Changchun city,Jinlin city, Siping city, Tonghua city and Baicheng city, then put forward thecorresponding countermeasures and measures. The main conclusions are thefollowing:
(1) In the measured PAHs results of five typical cities in Jilin province, theconcentration of Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benz[a]anthracene, chr, Benzo[b]Fluoranthene,Benzo[k]Fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene are more than10ng/m3,the concentration of Phenanthrene, Anthracene,Dibenz[a,h]anthracene are less, and average concentration of other PAHs are below1.0ng/m3. Compared to the other domestic city of PAHs content in atmospheric particulates, ΣPAHs content is just above Hong Kong`s, and equal to Macau andTaichung`s, far lower than the heavy industry cities like Beijing, Xuzhou, Yianjin andXi`an; Compared to the foreign cities, ΣPAHs content in Jilin province is lower thanChicago, London, and similar to Villeroy in Canada, higher than Munich in German.Atmospheric particulates ΣPAHs content in Jilin province is not very high, but theconcentration of the BaP is higher than the western countries. The reason is that Jilinprovince is located in the northeast, in winter heating period lasts for about half a year,the fuel is mainly coal, and in Jilin city chemical production will also aggravatepollution level of Benzo[a]pyrene, these reasons make BaP concentration higherwithin the scope of jilin province. Through the judgment of PAHs characteristics ratiomethod, the main source of atmospheric particulates PAHs in Jilin province is coalburning and automotive related source.
(2) Related analysis and variance analysis show that during non-heating periodthe degree of correlation of PAHs is high among the cities, all is in significant level of0.01, refuses to uncorrelated original hypothesis, and accepts the highly correlatedalternative hypothesis. During heating period among the cities degree of correlation ishigh, all is in significant level of0.01, refuses to uncorrelated original hypothesis, andaccepts the highly correlated alternative hypothesis. The variance analysis results ofPAHs contamination in five cities show that there exist significant differences of thePAHs contamination level between cities.
(3) Statistics test results show that in the sampling results during heating periodand non-heating period of the four cities, only the p value of "Phenanthrene" and"Anthracene" are less than0.25, that is in95%of the confidence level, the mean oftwo substances are significantly different during heating period and non-heatingperiod, other PAHs pollutants have no significant differences during heating periodand non-heating period.
(4) Correspondence analysis results show that during non-heating periodBaicheng city and Tonghua city affected by various organic compounds are consistent;the main pollution sources in Jilin city are road dust and city comprehensive dust. InSiping city the main source of PAHs contamination is road dust. During heating period Siping city and Tonghua city affected by various organic compounds areconsistent, mainly Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Benz[a]anthracene,Benzo[b]Fluoranthene, the source is the soil dust. Around Jilin city and Baicheng cityorganic pollution is mainly Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]Fluoranthene and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, main source is road dust and city comprehensive dust. The air organicpollution of Changchun city is less, and the air quality is good.
(5) Receptor morphology analysis results show that in five cities all receptorsampling of electron microscopy image basically present wistiti polymer adsorbed inthe glass fiber, mixed with spherical particles, which appear irregular shape, roughsurface, alternate with light and dark; part of the particles have no sharp edges, andwith smooth surface, present a clear crystal structure; part of the particles are ball andchain together.
(6) Source apportionment results show that using the CMB analytical model,during heating period the data of Siping city and Tonghua city have no analytic resultof source apportionment. In addition, during heating period in these five cities themain sources of PAHs are city comprehensive dust, road dust and coal dust; duringnon-heating period is city comprehensive dust, road dust and soil dust. Using FAanalytical method, during non-heating period, the main organic pollution sources ofPAHs are coal burning dust and road dust. During heating period is coal burning dust.The results of using the PPR analytic model have good consistency with othermethods.
Countermeasures study of PAHs contamination suggests that the prevention andcontrol measures of PAHs in the atmosphere could be divided into two aspects,(1) tocontrol PAHs emissions;(2) to take measures to deal with PAHs.
To control PAHs emissions we take up two aspects,(1) to formulate specificpolicies, regulations, standards to limit PAHs emissions;(2) to take measures tocontrol PAHs emissions.
Atmospheric particulates PAHs in Jilin province mainly come from coal burningemissions and automobile emissions. To reduce PAHs pollution in the environment,according to local situation, we could formulate local standards.
For coal burning emissions, we could take the following measures,(1) to use thecentral heating supply for city living area and factory, eliminate small stoves, convertbriquette as fuel, and gradually realize the coal gasification;(2) in the industrial zoneto use fuel oil for coal, or use briquette;(3) to carry out coal washing processing,replace cyclone dust collector with electrostatic precipitator or bag filter, at presentthere is good promotion in Changchun city.
For automobile emissions, we could take the following measures,(1) to developclean energy, change the engine fuel, for example to use natural gas to replacegasoline, at present in Changchun city most of the buses use CNG as fuel, part of taxisuse LPG as fuel;(2) to install catalytic purification system for engine vehicles;(3) toimprove the traffic environment, reduce the exhaust emissions.
Variance analysis shows that PAHs in Jilin, which is the chemical city, isdifferent from other cities. Therefore, we should reasonably adjust the industrialstructure of Jilin city, reduce PAHs emissions.
To the atmosphere pollution having been caused by PAHs, we could usebiological or chemical method to deal with. Purification practical new technologies ofPAHs need to be further development.
In this paper, three aspects of innovation points were achieved as following:
1The main focus of relative research of PAHs in the urban atmosphericparticulates is concentrated on the single city. The comparing study within theprovincial scale area is limited. In this thesis, we put forward to comparative study ofcities atmospheric particulates PAHs distribution characteristics for the first time in aprovincial range, and lay the foundation for the atmosphere PAHs related research inJilin province. The results show that except Changchun, the value of∑PAHs in thefour cities, Jilin, Tonghua, Siping and Baicheng are very high and the concentration ofBaP is also very high. Among the PAHs, low rings PAHs account for very big ratio inthe heating seasons. But during the non-heating season, high rings PAHs account forthe same ration with low rings PAHs. Among all the cities,4-rings in the low ringsaccount for the absolutely high ration, even nearly50%or more.
2By sampling and analysis the urban atmospheric particulates PAHs organicpollutants in the five typical cities in Jilin province, the typical ratio value werecalculated. The source of PAHs organic pollutants in the urban atmosphericparticulates in the five typical cities in Jilin province are from coal burning andvehicle emittion.
3In this thesis, we applyed several methods for source apportionment of organicpollutants to obtain the main pollution sources of PAHs in the five typical cities inJilin province.
研究表明，吉林省五个典型城市大气颗粒物中PAHs分析测试结果中，荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、苯并(ghi)苝的浓度均较高，菲、蒽、二苯并(ah)蒽浓度次之，其它多环芳烃平均浓度低于1.0ng/m3。五个城市中ΣPAHs值的排序为：吉林市>通化市>四平市>白城市>长春市。大气颗粒物中PAHs采暖期低环占有绝对比重，而在非采暖期中，高环和低环所占比重差不多，高环相对较高；在所有城市的大气颗粒物中，低环PAHs中的4环占有绝对优势，接近总浓度的50%甚至更高。在所有城市的大气颗粒物中，各环PAHs的含量百分比的总体排序为4环>5环>6环>3环>2环。吉林省五个典型城市大气颗粒物上PAHs的主要来源是燃煤和汽车尾气。
Atmospheric particulate is a kind of multiphase system composed of all solid orliquid particles scattered in the atmosphere. The sources are divided into two kinds,the natural sources and human sources. The atmospheric particulates account only asmall proportion in the atmosphere pollutants, but they can widely participate invarious atmosphere chemical processes, directly or indirectly influence the ecologicalsystem, and have a strong effect on environment, climate and human health, etc.Different topography and geomorphology, different weather conditions and differentsources of particle pollution emission have obvious seasonal characteristics. Theeffect of particulates in the atmosphere depends on the physical and chemicalproperties, the quality and quantity determine how much inhaled particles could makepeople sick, the size decides which part particles could enter into human body. Ourcountry is one of the relatively serious air pollution countries, the averageconcentration of atmospheric particulates and dust exceed the national secondarystandard, and exceed1-7times than the upper limit value of the World HealthOrganization (90μg/m3). Atmospheric pollution types of our urban areas are changingfrom coal smoke pollution to coal smoke-mobile vehicle composite pollution type.
In recent years, there are more and more studies of atmospheric particulates.Among atmospheric particulate pollution, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)is a kind of much more important organic pollutant. It could enter into human bodyhave "cancer, teratogenic and the mutation" characteristics, and can cause a greatharm to the human healthy. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars pay more andmore attention to PAHs. PAHs have been included in the list of major pollutants inmany countries, as persistent toxic substances greatly harmful to the human health in the environment. Through the coal, motor vehicle emissions into the atmosphere andthrough the dry and wet deposition into the environment, PAHs have the influence tothe surrounding environment. Its impact on the environment is not only limited to theatmosphere, but also the soil environment. The soil is the foundation of food safety; itcould pass the food chain transmission, so the soil pollution is extremely difficult totreat, including PAHs pollution to the plant. Other studies suggest that if existing inwater, it will also cause water pollution, damage to aquatic animals, and harm theentire ecosystem. So, the research of PAHs in the environment is very necessary.
In this thesis, five typical cities in Jilin province were selected to clearly describethe pollution distribution characteristics of PAHs in them. The five typical cities areChangchun, Jilin, Siping, Tonghua and Baicheng. In the five cities, many monitoringsites were set according to the principle of even distribution in the area and alsoconsidering the atmospheric auto monitoring stations at first. In Changchun, there are8atmospheric auto monitoring stations,4in Jilin,2in Siping,2in Tonghua, and2inBaicheng. Totally, there are18atmospheric auto monitoring stations in five typicalcities in Jilin province.
The equipments of monitoring were NO.2050medium flow PM10/TSP samplorproduced by Laoshan Applied Institute of Qingdao euqiped with glass films with theflow rate of100L/min in contious24hours.
This paper obtains the PAHs pollution characteristics, by sampling and analyzingand correlation processing of five typical urban in the Jilin province, Changchun city,Jinlin city, Siping city, Tonghua city and Baicheng city, then put forward thecorresponding countermeasures and measures. The main conclusions are thefollowing:
(1) In the measured PAHs results of five typical cities in Jilin province, theconcentration of Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benz[a]anthracene, chr, Benzo[b]Fluoranthene,Benzo[k]Fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene are more than10ng/m3,the concentration of Phenanthrene, Anthracene,Dibenz[a,h]anthracene are less, and average concentration of other PAHs are below1.0ng/m3. Compared to the other domestic city of PAHs content in atmospheric particulates, ΣPAHs content is just above Hong Kong`s, and equal to Macau andTaichung`s, far lower than the heavy industry cities like Beijing, Xuzhou, Yianjin andXi`an; Compared to the foreign cities, ΣPAHs content in Jilin province is lower thanChicago, London, and similar to Villeroy in Canada, higher than Munich in German.Atmospheric particulates ΣPAHs content in Jilin province is not very high, but theconcentration of the BaP is higher than the western countries. The reason is that Jilinprovince is located in the northeast, in winter heating period lasts for about half a year,the fuel is mainly coal, and in Jilin city chemical production will also aggravatepollution level of Benzo[a]pyrene, these reasons make BaP concentration higherwithin the scope of jilin province. Through the judgment of PAHs characteristics ratiomethod, the main source of atmospheric particulates PAHs in Jilin province is coalburning and automotive related source.
(2) Related analysis and variance analysis show that during non-heating periodthe degree of correlation of PAHs is high among the cities, all is in significant level of0.01, refuses to uncorrelated original hypothesis, and accepts the highly correlatedalternative hypothesis. During heating period among the cities degree of correlation ishigh, all is in significant level of0.01, refuses to uncorrelated original hypothesis, andaccepts the highly correlated alternative hypothesis. The variance analysis results ofPAHs contamination in five cities show that there exist significant differences of thePAHs contamination level between cities.
(3) Statistics test results show that in the sampling results during heating periodand non-heating period of the four cities, only the p value of "Phenanthrene" and"Anthracene" are less than0.25, that is in95%of the confidence level, the mean oftwo substances are significantly different during heating period and non-heatingperiod, other PAHs pollutants have no significant differences during heating periodand non-heating period.
(4) Correspondence analysis results show that during non-heating periodBaicheng city and Tonghua city affected by various organic compounds are consistent;the main pollution sources in Jilin city are road dust and city comprehensive dust. InSiping city the main source of PAHs contamination is road dust. During heating period Siping city and Tonghua city affected by various organic compounds areconsistent, mainly Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Benz[a]anthracene,Benzo[b]Fluoranthene, the source is the soil dust. Around Jilin city and Baicheng cityorganic pollution is mainly Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]Fluoranthene and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, main source is road dust and city comprehensive dust. The air organicpollution of Changchun city is less, and the air quality is good.
(5) Receptor morphology analysis results show that in five cities all receptorsampling of electron microscopy image basically present wistiti polymer adsorbed inthe glass fiber, mixed with spherical particles, which appear irregular shape, roughsurface, alternate with light and dark; part of the particles have no sharp edges, andwith smooth surface, present a clear crystal structure; part of the particles are ball andchain together.
(6) Source apportionment results show that using the CMB analytical model,during heating period the data of Siping city and Tonghua city have no analytic resultof source apportionment. In addition, during heating period in these five cities themain sources of PAHs are city comprehensive dust, road dust and coal dust; duringnon-heating period is city comprehensive dust, road dust and soil dust. Using FAanalytical method, during non-heating period, the main organic pollution sources ofPAHs are coal burning dust and road dust. During heating period is coal burning dust.The results of using the PPR analytic model have good consistency with othermethods.
Countermeasures study of PAHs contamination suggests that the prevention andcontrol measures of PAHs in the atmosphere could be divided into two aspects,(1) tocontrol PAHs emissions;(2) to take measures to deal with PAHs.
To control PAHs emissions we take up two aspects,(1) to formulate specificpolicies, regulations, standards to limit PAHs emissions;(2) to take measures tocontrol PAHs emissions.
Atmospheric particulates PAHs in Jilin province mainly come from coal burningemissions and automobile emissions. To reduce PAHs pollution in the environment,according to local situation, we could formulate local standards.
For coal burning emissions, we could take the following measures,(1) to use thecentral heating supply for city living area and factory, eliminate small stoves, convertbriquette as fuel, and gradually realize the coal gasification;(2) in the industrial zoneto use fuel oil for coal, or use briquette;(3) to carry out coal washing processing,replace cyclone dust collector with electrostatic precipitator or bag filter, at presentthere is good promotion in Changchun city.
For automobile emissions, we could take the following measures,(1) to developclean energy, change the engine fuel, for example to use natural gas to replacegasoline, at present in Changchun city most of the buses use CNG as fuel, part of taxisuse LPG as fuel;(2) to install catalytic purification system for engine vehicles;(3) toimprove the traffic environment, reduce the exhaust emissions.
Variance analysis shows that PAHs in Jilin, which is the chemical city, isdifferent from other cities. Therefore, we should reasonably adjust the industrialstructure of Jilin city, reduce PAHs emissions.
To the atmosphere pollution having been caused by PAHs, we could usebiological or chemical method to deal with. Purification practical new technologies ofPAHs need to be further development.
In this paper, three aspects of innovation points were achieved as following:
1The main focus of relative research of PAHs in the urban atmosphericparticulates is concentrated on the single city. The comparing study within theprovincial scale area is limited. In this thesis, we put forward to comparative study ofcities atmospheric particulates PAHs distribution characteristics for the first time in aprovincial range, and lay the foundation for the atmosphere PAHs related research inJilin province. The results show that except Changchun, the value of∑PAHs in thefour cities, Jilin, Tonghua, Siping and Baicheng are very high and the concentration ofBaP is also very high. Among the PAHs, low rings PAHs account for very big ratio inthe heating seasons. But during the non-heating season, high rings PAHs account forthe same ration with low rings PAHs. Among all the cities,4-rings in the low ringsaccount for the absolutely high ration, even nearly50%or more.
2By sampling and analysis the urban atmospheric particulates PAHs organicpollutants in the five typical cities in Jilin province, the typical ratio value werecalculated. The source of PAHs organic pollutants in the urban atmosphericparticulates in the five typical cities in Jilin province are from coal burning andvehicle emittion.
3In this thesis, we applyed several methods for source apportionment of organicpollutants to obtain the main pollution sources of PAHs in the five typical cities inJilin province.
引文
[1]许忠扬.定量估算大气颗粒物中有机污染物来源的同位素示踪法[D].湖南:南华大学,2008;
[2]周震峰.苏南城乡地区大气可吸入颗粒物研究[D].陕西:西北大学,2003;
[3]陈晓兰.大气颗粒物造成的健康损害价值评估[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008;
[4]李海华.成都市城东区大气颗拉物污染特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007;
[5]许鹏举.济南城区大气颗粒物数浓度及粒径分布特征研究[D].山东:山东大学,2011;
[6]邓祖琴.兰州市冬季大气颗粒物中有机污染物的分布特征及来源[D].兰州:兰州大学,2006;
[7]陶燕.兰州市大气颗粒物理化特性及其对人群健康的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009;
[8]邵龙义,杨书申,李卫军,肖正辉,陈江峰.大气颗粒物单颗粒分析方法的应用现状及展望[J].古地理学报,2005,7(4):535-548;
[9]刘永春,贺泓.大气颗粒物化学组成分析[J].化学展,2007,19(10):1620-1631;
[10]张慧峰.北京城区大气颗粒物污染特性的研究[D].北京：北京工商大学,2010;
[11]王英峰,张姗姗,李杏茹,郭雪清,王跃思.北京大气颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度季节变化及来源分析[J].环境化学,2010,29(3):369-375;
[12]催焕滨.淮南地区原煤及其燃烧产物中多环芳烃的研究[D].安徽:安徽理工大学,2009;
[13]闫丽丽.上海雨水及雾水中多环芳烃的研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2011;
[14]周婕成.城市降雨径流中多环芳烃的污染特征、源解析及生态风险评价[D]上海:华东师范大学,2011;
[15]邓琼.成都东郊大气颗粒物(TSP)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010;
[16]曾龙浩.西安城市道路灰尘中多环芳烃污染的评价[D]西安:陕西师范大学,2011;
[17]岳敏,谷新学,皱洪.多环芳烃的危害与防治[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):40-44;
[18]许春晖.区域环境苔藓中PAHs污染特征研究及源解析[D].南昌:南昌大学,2010;
[19]孙艳.黄海沿岸大气中多环芳烃的污染水平、源解析及干沉降通量的研究[D].沈阳:辽宁师范大学,2010;
[20]彭林,常丽萍.空气颗粒物中多环芳烃来源解析技术与应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006;
[21]张凤.我国室内环境多环芳烃残留特征源解析及人体暴露评估[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011;
[22]杨芳.大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的时空分布及来源解析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010;
[23]马万里.我国土壤和大气中多环芳烃分布特征和大尺度数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010;
[24]也兆贤,张干,邹世春,李军,祁士华,刘国卿.珠三角大气多环芳烃(PAHs)的干湿沉降[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(1):49-52;
[25]杨雪.北京市大气颗粒物中持久性有机污染物的污染特征[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010;
[26]刘世杰,吕永龙,史雅娟.持久性有机污染物环境多介质空间分异模型研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(2):129-137;
[27]叶安珊.多环芳烃对土壤环境影响的调查与思考[J].江西科学,2009,27(5)：745-749;
[28]占新华，周立详.多环芳烃(PAHs)在土壤-植物系统中的环境行为[J].生态环境,2003,12(4):487-492;
[29]丁爱芳.江苏省部分地区农田土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布与生态风险[D].江苏:南京农业大学,2007;
[30] Santino Orecchio. Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) insoil of a Natural Reserve (Isola delle Femmine)(Italy) located in front of a plantfor the production of cement. Journal of Hazardous Materials.2010,173(1-3):358-368;
[31]马英歌.多环芳烃物理化学性质的确定及其在逸度模型和伤害典型环境研究中的应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009;
[32]陈晶.淮南库康衢环境中多环芳烃分布赋存规律及环境影响[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005;
[33] Luisa Patrolecco, Nicoletta Ademollo, Silvio Capri, Romano Pagnotta, StefanoPolesello. Occurrence of priority hazardous PAHs in water, suspended particulatematter, sediment and common eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the urban stretch of theRiver Tiber (Italy). Chemosphere.2010,81(11):1386-1392;
[34]郭广慧,吴丰昌,何宏平,张瑞卿,冯承莲,李会仙,廖海清,赵晓丽.太湖梅梁湾、贡湖湾和胥口湾水体PAHs的生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报.2011,31(12):2804-2812;
[35]葛璇.济南市环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010;
[36]李国刚,刑核,胡冠九.空气和土壤中持久性有机污染物检测分析方法[M].北京中国环境科学出版社,2008;
[37] Liu L.B., Liu Y., Lin J.M., Tang N., Hayakawa K., Maeda T.. Development ofanalytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborneparticulates: a review[J].J. Environ. Sci.(China),2007,19(1):1-11;
[38]占洁,杨颜,柳杜鹃,孙延枫,李怀健,汪午.大气中硝基多环芳烃的研究进展[J].中国科学.2012,42(1):1-9;
[39]段凤魁,贺克斌,马永亮.北京PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1363-1371;
[40]蔚隽.西安市机动车排放尾气中多环芳烃对大气环境的影响研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2006;
[41]杜克久,徐晓白.环境雌激素研究进展[J].科学通报2000,21:2241-2251;
[42]闫雨龙.太原市气溶胶中细粒子污染特征及多环芳烃两相分配研究[D].太原：太原科技大学,2011;
[43] Merce Aceves, Joan O. Grimalt. Seasonally dependent size distributions ofaliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban aerosols from denselypopulated areas[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol,1993,27(13):2896-2908;
[44]崔嵩,李一凡,马万里,郭亮,田崇国,安立会,贾洪亮,刘宪杰.基于源解析法的大气中PAHs污染排污收费模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(12):96-99;
[45]孔祥晨,陈丽,呼群,刘先锋.南京冬季大气气溶胶PM10中PAHs的来源及特征分析[J].安徽农业科学.2011,39(31):19438-19441;
[46]李文慧,张承中,马万里,周变红,刘焱明,蒋君丽,李一凡.西安采暖季大气中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2010,31(7):1432-1437;
[47]李昌平,司蔚.可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科技.2010,23(6):50-57;
[48]汪福旺,王芳,杨兴伦,卞永荣,蒋新.南京公园松针中多环芳烃的富集特征与源解析[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):503-508;
[49]李志刚,周志华,李少艾,刘德全.深圳市大气中多环芳烃的污染特征与来源识别[J].中国环境科学.2011,31(9):1409-1415;
[50]赵宏,郭光焕,白志鹏,王恺,韩斌.“二重源解析”技术及其系统实现[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(6):11-14;
[51] WU Lin,FENG Yinchang, WU Jianhui, ZHU Tan, BI Xiaohui, HAN Bo, YANGWeihong, YANG Zhiqiang. Secondary organic carbon quantification and sourceapportionment of PM10in Kaifeng,China[J]Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21:1353-1362;
[52]邹长武,印红玲,刘盛余,郑雪峰.大气颗粒物混合尘溯源解析新方法[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):881-885;
[53]王启帆. UNMIX-CMB复合模型在环境空气中多环芳烃源解析的应用研究
[D].甘肃:兰州大学,2011;
[54]郭琳,何宗健,尹丽.南昌市夏季PM2.5中多环芳烃来源解析[J].环境污染与防治.2010,32(11):58-62;
[55]蔡长杰,耿福海,俞琼,安俊琳,韩晶晶.上海中心城区夏季挥发性有机物(VOCs)的源解析[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):926-934;
[56] Xu S S, Liu W X, Tao S. Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inChina[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40:702-708;
[57]杨春雪,阚海东,陈仁杰.我国大气细颗粒物水平、成分、来源及污染特征[J].环境与健康杂志.2011,28(8):735-739;
[58] Guor-Cheng Fang, Cheng-Nan Changb, Yuh-Shen Wu. Characterization,identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons incentral Taiwan, Taichung[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2004,327(1-3):135-146;
[59]张迪瀚,马永亮,贺克斌,段凤魁,贾英韬,奥田知明,田中茂.北京市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1269-1275;
[60]周家斌,王铁冠,黄云碧等.不同粒径大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的含量及分布特征[J].环境科学,2005,26(2):40-44;
[61]曹治国,刘静玲,栗芸,李永丽,韩守亮,刘宝艳,王少明.滦河流域多环芳烃的污染特征、风险评价与来源辨析[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(2):246-253;
[62]李彭辉,王艳,李玉华,王德众,刘恒德,王文兴.泰山云雾水中多环芳烃的特征与来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(6):742-746;
[63]李彭辉.泰山大气沉降中PAHs的分布特征研究[D]济南.山东大学.2010;
[64]段凤魁,贺克斌,马永亮.北京PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1363-1371;
[65]丁潇,白志鹏,韩斌,张杰峰.鞍山市大气PM10中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及其来源[J].环境科学研究.2011,24(2):162-171;
[66]郭清彬,程学丰,侯辉,张先波.淮南市大气PM10中多环芳烃污染特征的研究[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(5):73-77;
[67]杨复沫,贺克斌,马永亮等.北京PM2.5化学物种的质量平衡特征[J].环境化学,2004,23(3):326-332;
[68]毛小苓,刘阳生.国内外环境风险评价研究进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2003,11(3):266-273;
[69]张永春等.有害废物生态风险评价[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002;
[70]董继元.兰州地区多环芳烃环境归趋模拟和风险评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010;
[71]彭欢.上海市室内灰尘中PAHs污染特征、来源及生态风险评价[D].上海：华东师范大学,2011;
[72]张厚勇.炼油废水中苯系物和多环芳烃的分布规律研究及环境风险评价[D].山东:山东大学,2008;
[73]张婷婷.青岛市空气中多环芳烃的污染状况与源解析研究[D].山东：中国海洋大学,2007;
[74]鹿守敢,秦峰,裴宗平,张华,王敏.基于FA/MR分析方法的徐州市大气颗粒物PAHs源解析[J].徐州工程学院学报(自然科学版),2010,25(1):80-83;
[75]秦传高,钟秦,胡伟,石莹莹,张强华.南京市可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析[J].环境化学,2008,27(5):318-321;
[76]彭希珑,和总监,刘小真,金腊华.南昌市大气细粒子PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及源解析[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2009,33(5):499-504;
[77]栾辉,朱先磊,沈璐,付先强,王铁冠.大气降尘中多环芳烃的分布特征及源解析[J].油气田环境保护,2011,21(4):41-44;
[78]董恒利.邯郸市大气可吸入颗粒物及多环芳烃来源解析研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008;
[79] YASSAAN, MEKLATIBY, CECINATOA, et al. Particulate n-Alkanes,n-Alkanoic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere ofAlgiers city area [J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,35(10):1843-1851;
[80]沈振兴,周娟,曹军骥,韩志伟,李建军,刘随心,霍宗权,韩月梅.西安冬季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的组成及风险评价[J].西安交通大学学报,2009,43(11):114-120;
[81]李新荣,赵同科,于艳新,张成军,李鹏,李顺江.北京地区人群对多环芳烃的暴露及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(8):1758-1765;
[82]张云.兰州市大气降尘中PAHs的分布、季节变化及风险评价[D].甘肃:兰州大学,2008;
[83]徐玉梅,王敏.徐州市区不同季节大气TSP和PM10中PAHs污染特征及健康风险评估[J].城市环境与城市生态,2010,23(3):12-14;
[84]林海鹏,写满廷,武晓燕,刘占旗,王进军,姜如意,高增林.宣威市空气中多环芳烃污染健康风险评价对比研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(6):511-512;
[85]熊胜春,陈颖君,支国瑞,盛国英,傅家谟.上海市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的季节变化特征和致癌风险评价[J].环境化学,2009,28(1):117-120;
[86] Kume K, Ohura T, Noda T, Amagai T, Fusaya M. Seasonal and spatial trends ofsuspended-particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban Shizuoka,Japan[J]Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,144:513-521;
[87] Zhu L Z, Lu H, Chen S G, Amagai T. Pollution level, phase distribution andsource analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential air in Hangzhou,China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,62:1165-1170;
[88] Lu H, Zhu L Z, Chen S G. Pollution level, phase distribution and health risk ofpolycyclic aromatic hyarocarbons in indoor air at public places of Hangzhou,China[J]Environmental Pollution,2008,158:569-575;
[89] Bi X H, Sheng G Y, Peng P A, Chen Y J, Zhang Z Q, Fu J M. Distribution ofparticulate and polycyclic aromatic hyarocarbons in urban atmosphere ofGuangzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(2):289-298;
[90] Weifang Li, Zhipeng Bai. Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon inatmospheric fine particles in Tianjin, China[J]. Particuology,2009,7,432-437;
[91] Jinping Zhao, Fuwang Zhang, Jinsheng Chen, Ya Xu. Characterization ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gas/particle partitioning in a coastal city,Xiamen, Southeast China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences.2010,22(7):1014-1022;
[92] Suixin Liu, Zhuzi Zhao, Junji Cao, Zhenxing Shen. Characterization of Primaryand Secondary Carbonaceous Aerosols in Xi’an, China[D]. SKLLQG, Institute ofEarth Environment,2011;
[93] WU Lin, FENG Yinchang, WU Jianhui, ZHU Tan, BI Xiaohui, HAN Bo, YANGWeihong, YANG Zhiqiang. Secondary organic carbon quantification and sourceapportionment of PM10in Kaifeng,China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21:1353-1362
[94] Zibing Yuan, Alexis Kai Hon Lau, Min Shao, Peter K.K.Louie, Shaw Chen Liu,Tong Zhu. Source andlysis of volatile organic compounds by positive matrixfactorization in urban and rural environments in Beijing[J]. Journal of geophysicalresearch,2009,114;
[95] Song Guo, Min Hu, Qingfeng Guo, Xin Zhang. Source Apportionment ofPrimary and Secondary Organic Aerosols at Urban and Rural Locations ofBeijing[D]. Peking University,2009.
[96] Menichini E, Iacovella N, Monfredini F, Turrio-Baldassarri L. Relationshipsbetween indoor and outdoor air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and PCBs[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41:9518-9529;
[97] Dantong Liu, James Allan, Michael Flynn, Gerard Capes, Gavin McMeeking andHugh Coe. Carbonaceous Aerosols at Various UK Locations: Source Attribution,Composition and Evolution[D]. Oxford,2011;
[98] Hao Lu, Takashi Amagai, Takeshi Ohura. Comparsion of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbon pollution in Chinese and Japanese residential air[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences,2010,23(9):1512-1517;
[99]Guangshui Na, Chunyang Liu, Zhen Wang, Linke Ge, Xindong Ma, Ziwei Yao.Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences,2011,23(9):1445-1451;
[100] A. Albizuri, N. Durana, M.C. Gómez, M. Navazo, L. Alonso, J.A. García, G.Gangoiti, J.Iza, L. Marina. Aplication of Positive Matrix Factorization andK-means clustering to source apportionment of ambient air VOCs in a urban areawith high industrial influence[J]. Geophysical Research Abstracts,2009,11,8966;
[101] Jing Li, Yonglong Lu, Yajuan Shi, Tieyu Wang, Guang Wang, Wei Luo, WentaoJiao, Chunli Chen, Feng Yan. Environmental pollution by persistent toxicsubstances and health risk in an industrial area of China[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences,2011,23(8):1359-1367;
[102] Xiaofeng Huang, Qianbiao Zhao, Lingyan He, Min Hu, Qijing Bian, Lian Xue,Yuanhang Zhang. Identification of secondary organic aerosols based on aerosolmass spectrometry[J]. Chemistry-SCIENCE CHINA,2010,53(12):2593-2599;
[103] Fuwang Zhang, Jinping Zhao, Jinsheng Chen, Ya Xu, Lingling Xu. Pollutioncharacteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5in Xiamen,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(8):1342-1349;
[104] Cheng H R, Zhang G, Liu X, Li J, Qi S H, Zhao Y C. Studies on polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Waliguan, Qinghai[J]ChinaEnvironment Science,2006,26(6):646-649;
[105] Anderson, K. R., Avol, E.L., Edwards S A, et al. Controlled exposures ofvolunteers to respirable carbon and sulfuric acid aerosols[J]. Journal of Air andWaste Management Association,1992,42:771;
[106]赵菲菲,初慧玲,李迎霞.环境样品有机物分析预处理技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(10):75-80;
[107]张萍,李崇瑛,刘敏,韩婷婷,余朝琦.植物被动采样器监测大气中多环芳烃(PAHs)研究现状[J].广州化工,2011,39(18):4-7;
[108]施启文.石油化工区周边农作物对多环芳烃(PAHs)的累积及风险削减方法初探[D].武汉：华中农业大学,2011.
[109]刘颐亭,邓顺熙,潘华.西安市冬季大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征[D].安全与环境学报,2007,7(1):76-78.
[110]沈振兴,周娟,曹军骥等.西安冬季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的的组成及风险评价[D].西安交通大学学报,2009,43(11):114-120.
[2]周震峰.苏南城乡地区大气可吸入颗粒物研究[D].陕西:西北大学,2003;
[3]陈晓兰.大气颗粒物造成的健康损害价值评估[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008;
[4]李海华.成都市城东区大气颗拉物污染特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007;
[5]许鹏举.济南城区大气颗粒物数浓度及粒径分布特征研究[D].山东:山东大学,2011;
[6]邓祖琴.兰州市冬季大气颗粒物中有机污染物的分布特征及来源[D].兰州:兰州大学,2006;
[7]陶燕.兰州市大气颗粒物理化特性及其对人群健康的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009;
[8]邵龙义,杨书申,李卫军,肖正辉,陈江峰.大气颗粒物单颗粒分析方法的应用现状及展望[J].古地理学报,2005,7(4):535-548;
[9]刘永春,贺泓.大气颗粒物化学组成分析[J].化学展,2007,19(10):1620-1631;
[10]张慧峰.北京城区大气颗粒物污染特性的研究[D].北京：北京工商大学,2010;
[11]王英峰,张姗姗,李杏茹,郭雪清,王跃思.北京大气颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度季节变化及来源分析[J].环境化学,2010,29(3):369-375;
[12]催焕滨.淮南地区原煤及其燃烧产物中多环芳烃的研究[D].安徽:安徽理工大学,2009;
[13]闫丽丽.上海雨水及雾水中多环芳烃的研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2011;
[14]周婕成.城市降雨径流中多环芳烃的污染特征、源解析及生态风险评价[D]上海:华东师范大学,2011;
[15]邓琼.成都东郊大气颗粒物(TSP)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010;
[16]曾龙浩.西安城市道路灰尘中多环芳烃污染的评价[D]西安:陕西师范大学,2011;
[17]岳敏,谷新学,皱洪.多环芳烃的危害与防治[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):40-44;
[18]许春晖.区域环境苔藓中PAHs污染特征研究及源解析[D].南昌:南昌大学,2010;
[19]孙艳.黄海沿岸大气中多环芳烃的污染水平、源解析及干沉降通量的研究[D].沈阳:辽宁师范大学,2010;
[20]彭林,常丽萍.空气颗粒物中多环芳烃来源解析技术与应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006;
[21]张凤.我国室内环境多环芳烃残留特征源解析及人体暴露评估[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011;
[22]杨芳.大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的时空分布及来源解析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010;
[23]马万里.我国土壤和大气中多环芳烃分布特征和大尺度数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010;
[24]也兆贤,张干,邹世春,李军,祁士华,刘国卿.珠三角大气多环芳烃(PAHs)的干湿沉降[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(1):49-52;
[25]杨雪.北京市大气颗粒物中持久性有机污染物的污染特征[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010;
[26]刘世杰,吕永龙,史雅娟.持久性有机污染物环境多介质空间分异模型研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(2):129-137;
[27]叶安珊.多环芳烃对土壤环境影响的调查与思考[J].江西科学,2009,27(5)：745-749;
[28]占新华，周立详.多环芳烃(PAHs)在土壤-植物系统中的环境行为[J].生态环境,2003,12(4):487-492;
[29]丁爱芳.江苏省部分地区农田土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布与生态风险[D].江苏:南京农业大学,2007;
[30] Santino Orecchio. Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) insoil of a Natural Reserve (Isola delle Femmine)(Italy) located in front of a plantfor the production of cement. Journal of Hazardous Materials.2010,173(1-3):358-368;
[31]马英歌.多环芳烃物理化学性质的确定及其在逸度模型和伤害典型环境研究中的应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009;
[32]陈晶.淮南库康衢环境中多环芳烃分布赋存规律及环境影响[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005;
[33] Luisa Patrolecco, Nicoletta Ademollo, Silvio Capri, Romano Pagnotta, StefanoPolesello. Occurrence of priority hazardous PAHs in water, suspended particulatematter, sediment and common eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the urban stretch of theRiver Tiber (Italy). Chemosphere.2010,81(11):1386-1392;
[34]郭广慧,吴丰昌,何宏平,张瑞卿,冯承莲,李会仙,廖海清,赵晓丽.太湖梅梁湾、贡湖湾和胥口湾水体PAHs的生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报.2011,31(12):2804-2812;
[35]葛璇.济南市环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010;
[36]李国刚,刑核,胡冠九.空气和土壤中持久性有机污染物检测分析方法[M].北京中国环境科学出版社,2008;
[37] Liu L.B., Liu Y., Lin J.M., Tang N., Hayakawa K., Maeda T.. Development ofanalytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborneparticulates: a review[J].J. Environ. Sci.(China),2007,19(1):1-11;
[38]占洁,杨颜,柳杜鹃,孙延枫,李怀健,汪午.大气中硝基多环芳烃的研究进展[J].中国科学.2012,42(1):1-9;
[39]段凤魁,贺克斌,马永亮.北京PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1363-1371;
[40]蔚隽.西安市机动车排放尾气中多环芳烃对大气环境的影响研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2006;
[41]杜克久,徐晓白.环境雌激素研究进展[J].科学通报2000,21:2241-2251;
[42]闫雨龙.太原市气溶胶中细粒子污染特征及多环芳烃两相分配研究[D].太原：太原科技大学,2011;
[43] Merce Aceves, Joan O. Grimalt. Seasonally dependent size distributions ofaliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban aerosols from denselypopulated areas[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol,1993,27(13):2896-2908;
[44]崔嵩,李一凡,马万里,郭亮,田崇国,安立会,贾洪亮,刘宪杰.基于源解析法的大气中PAHs污染排污收费模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(12):96-99;
[45]孔祥晨,陈丽,呼群,刘先锋.南京冬季大气气溶胶PM10中PAHs的来源及特征分析[J].安徽农业科学.2011,39(31):19438-19441;
[46]李文慧,张承中,马万里,周变红,刘焱明,蒋君丽,李一凡.西安采暖季大气中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2010,31(7):1432-1437;
[47]李昌平,司蔚.可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科技.2010,23(6):50-57;
[48]汪福旺,王芳,杨兴伦,卞永荣,蒋新.南京公园松针中多环芳烃的富集特征与源解析[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):503-508;
[49]李志刚,周志华,李少艾,刘德全.深圳市大气中多环芳烃的污染特征与来源识别[J].中国环境科学.2011,31(9):1409-1415;
[50]赵宏,郭光焕,白志鹏,王恺,韩斌.“二重源解析”技术及其系统实现[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(6):11-14;
[51] WU Lin,FENG Yinchang, WU Jianhui, ZHU Tan, BI Xiaohui, HAN Bo, YANGWeihong, YANG Zhiqiang. Secondary organic carbon quantification and sourceapportionment of PM10in Kaifeng,China[J]Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21:1353-1362;
[52]邹长武,印红玲,刘盛余,郑雪峰.大气颗粒物混合尘溯源解析新方法[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):881-885;
[53]王启帆. UNMIX-CMB复合模型在环境空气中多环芳烃源解析的应用研究
[D].甘肃:兰州大学,2011;
[54]郭琳,何宗健,尹丽.南昌市夏季PM2.5中多环芳烃来源解析[J].环境污染与防治.2010,32(11):58-62;
[55]蔡长杰,耿福海,俞琼,安俊琳,韩晶晶.上海中心城区夏季挥发性有机物(VOCs)的源解析[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):926-934;
[56] Xu S S, Liu W X, Tao S. Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inChina[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40:702-708;
[57]杨春雪,阚海东,陈仁杰.我国大气细颗粒物水平、成分、来源及污染特征[J].环境与健康杂志.2011,28(8):735-739;
[58] Guor-Cheng Fang, Cheng-Nan Changb, Yuh-Shen Wu. Characterization,identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons incentral Taiwan, Taichung[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2004,327(1-3):135-146;
[59]张迪瀚,马永亮,贺克斌,段凤魁,贾英韬,奥田知明,田中茂.北京市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1269-1275;
[60]周家斌,王铁冠,黄云碧等.不同粒径大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的含量及分布特征[J].环境科学,2005,26(2):40-44;
[61]曹治国,刘静玲,栗芸,李永丽,韩守亮,刘宝艳,王少明.滦河流域多环芳烃的污染特征、风险评价与来源辨析[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(2):246-253;
[62]李彭辉,王艳,李玉华,王德众,刘恒德,王文兴.泰山云雾水中多环芳烃的特征与来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(6):742-746;
[63]李彭辉.泰山大气沉降中PAHs的分布特征研究[D]济南.山东大学.2010;
[64]段凤魁,贺克斌,马永亮.北京PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1363-1371;
[65]丁潇,白志鹏,韩斌,张杰峰.鞍山市大气PM10中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及其来源[J].环境科学研究.2011,24(2):162-171;
[66]郭清彬,程学丰,侯辉,张先波.淮南市大气PM10中多环芳烃污染特征的研究[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(5):73-77;
[67]杨复沫,贺克斌,马永亮等.北京PM2.5化学物种的质量平衡特征[J].环境化学,2004,23(3):326-332;
[68]毛小苓,刘阳生.国内外环境风险评价研究进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2003,11(3):266-273;
[69]张永春等.有害废物生态风险评价[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002;
[70]董继元.兰州地区多环芳烃环境归趋模拟和风险评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010;
[71]彭欢.上海市室内灰尘中PAHs污染特征、来源及生态风险评价[D].上海：华东师范大学,2011;
[72]张厚勇.炼油废水中苯系物和多环芳烃的分布规律研究及环境风险评价[D].山东:山东大学,2008;
[73]张婷婷.青岛市空气中多环芳烃的污染状况与源解析研究[D].山东：中国海洋大学,2007;
[74]鹿守敢,秦峰,裴宗平,张华,王敏.基于FA/MR分析方法的徐州市大气颗粒物PAHs源解析[J].徐州工程学院学报(自然科学版),2010,25(1):80-83;
[75]秦传高,钟秦,胡伟,石莹莹,张强华.南京市可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析[J].环境化学,2008,27(5):318-321;
[76]彭希珑,和总监,刘小真,金腊华.南昌市大气细粒子PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及源解析[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2009,33(5):499-504;
[77]栾辉,朱先磊,沈璐,付先强,王铁冠.大气降尘中多环芳烃的分布特征及源解析[J].油气田环境保护,2011,21(4):41-44;
[78]董恒利.邯郸市大气可吸入颗粒物及多环芳烃来源解析研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008;
[79] YASSAAN, MEKLATIBY, CECINATOA, et al. Particulate n-Alkanes,n-Alkanoic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere ofAlgiers city area [J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,35(10):1843-1851;
[80]沈振兴,周娟,曹军骥,韩志伟,李建军,刘随心,霍宗权,韩月梅.西安冬季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的组成及风险评价[J].西安交通大学学报,2009,43(11):114-120;
[81]李新荣,赵同科,于艳新,张成军,李鹏,李顺江.北京地区人群对多环芳烃的暴露及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(8):1758-1765;
[82]张云.兰州市大气降尘中PAHs的分布、季节变化及风险评价[D].甘肃:兰州大学,2008;
[83]徐玉梅,王敏.徐州市区不同季节大气TSP和PM10中PAHs污染特征及健康风险评估[J].城市环境与城市生态,2010,23(3):12-14;
[84]林海鹏,写满廷,武晓燕,刘占旗,王进军,姜如意,高增林.宣威市空气中多环芳烃污染健康风险评价对比研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(6):511-512;
[85]熊胜春,陈颖君,支国瑞,盛国英,傅家谟.上海市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的季节变化特征和致癌风险评价[J].环境化学,2009,28(1):117-120;
[86] Kume K, Ohura T, Noda T, Amagai T, Fusaya M. Seasonal and spatial trends ofsuspended-particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban Shizuoka,Japan[J]Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,144:513-521;
[87] Zhu L Z, Lu H, Chen S G, Amagai T. Pollution level, phase distribution andsource analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential air in Hangzhou,China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,62:1165-1170;
[88] Lu H, Zhu L Z, Chen S G. Pollution level, phase distribution and health risk ofpolycyclic aromatic hyarocarbons in indoor air at public places of Hangzhou,China[J]Environmental Pollution,2008,158:569-575;
[89] Bi X H, Sheng G Y, Peng P A, Chen Y J, Zhang Z Q, Fu J M. Distribution ofparticulate and polycyclic aromatic hyarocarbons in urban atmosphere ofGuangzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(2):289-298;
[90] Weifang Li, Zhipeng Bai. Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon inatmospheric fine particles in Tianjin, China[J]. Particuology,2009,7,432-437;
[91] Jinping Zhao, Fuwang Zhang, Jinsheng Chen, Ya Xu. Characterization ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gas/particle partitioning in a coastal city,Xiamen, Southeast China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences.2010,22(7):1014-1022;
[92] Suixin Liu, Zhuzi Zhao, Junji Cao, Zhenxing Shen. Characterization of Primaryand Secondary Carbonaceous Aerosols in Xi’an, China[D]. SKLLQG, Institute ofEarth Environment,2011;
[93] WU Lin, FENG Yinchang, WU Jianhui, ZHU Tan, BI Xiaohui, HAN Bo, YANGWeihong, YANG Zhiqiang. Secondary organic carbon quantification and sourceapportionment of PM10in Kaifeng,China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21:1353-1362
[94] Zibing Yuan, Alexis Kai Hon Lau, Min Shao, Peter K.K.Louie, Shaw Chen Liu,Tong Zhu. Source andlysis of volatile organic compounds by positive matrixfactorization in urban and rural environments in Beijing[J]. Journal of geophysicalresearch,2009,114;
[95] Song Guo, Min Hu, Qingfeng Guo, Xin Zhang. Source Apportionment ofPrimary and Secondary Organic Aerosols at Urban and Rural Locations ofBeijing[D]. Peking University,2009.
[96] Menichini E, Iacovella N, Monfredini F, Turrio-Baldassarri L. Relationshipsbetween indoor and outdoor air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and PCBs[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41:9518-9529;
[97] Dantong Liu, James Allan, Michael Flynn, Gerard Capes, Gavin McMeeking andHugh Coe. Carbonaceous Aerosols at Various UK Locations: Source Attribution,Composition and Evolution[D]. Oxford,2011;
[98] Hao Lu, Takashi Amagai, Takeshi Ohura. Comparsion of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbon pollution in Chinese and Japanese residential air[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences,2010,23(9):1512-1517;
[99]Guangshui Na, Chunyang Liu, Zhen Wang, Linke Ge, Xindong Ma, Ziwei Yao.Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences,2011,23(9):1445-1451;
[100] A. Albizuri, N. Durana, M.C. Gómez, M. Navazo, L. Alonso, J.A. García, G.Gangoiti, J.Iza, L. Marina. Aplication of Positive Matrix Factorization andK-means clustering to source apportionment of ambient air VOCs in a urban areawith high industrial influence[J]. Geophysical Research Abstracts,2009,11,8966;
[101] Jing Li, Yonglong Lu, Yajuan Shi, Tieyu Wang, Guang Wang, Wei Luo, WentaoJiao, Chunli Chen, Feng Yan. Environmental pollution by persistent toxicsubstances and health risk in an industrial area of China[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences,2011,23(8):1359-1367;
[102] Xiaofeng Huang, Qianbiao Zhao, Lingyan He, Min Hu, Qijing Bian, Lian Xue,Yuanhang Zhang. Identification of secondary organic aerosols based on aerosolmass spectrometry[J]. Chemistry-SCIENCE CHINA,2010,53(12):2593-2599;
[103] Fuwang Zhang, Jinping Zhao, Jinsheng Chen, Ya Xu, Lingling Xu. Pollutioncharacteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5in Xiamen,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(8):1342-1349;
[104] Cheng H R, Zhang G, Liu X, Li J, Qi S H, Zhao Y C. Studies on polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Waliguan, Qinghai[J]ChinaEnvironment Science,2006,26(6):646-649;
[105] Anderson, K. R., Avol, E.L., Edwards S A, et al. Controlled exposures ofvolunteers to respirable carbon and sulfuric acid aerosols[J]. Journal of Air andWaste Management Association,1992,42:771;
[106]赵菲菲,初慧玲,李迎霞.环境样品有机物分析预处理技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(10):75-80;
[107]张萍,李崇瑛,刘敏,韩婷婷,余朝琦.植物被动采样器监测大气中多环芳烃(PAHs)研究现状[J].广州化工,2011,39(18):4-7;
[108]施启文.石油化工区周边农作物对多环芳烃(PAHs)的累积及风险削减方法初探[D].武汉：华中农业大学,2011.
[109]刘颐亭,邓顺熙,潘华.西安市冬季大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征[D].安全与环境学报,2007,7(1):76-78.
[110]沈振兴,周娟,曹军骥等.西安冬季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的的组成及风险评价[D].西安交通大学学报,2009,43(11):114-120.