百合属几种植物亲缘关系的蛋白质研究及杂交后代的初步鉴定
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
百合(lily)是世界名贵的切花之一,其鳞茎具有食用和药用价值。本研究对百合属几个植物的亲缘关系进行了可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,同时对亚洲百合杂交系内杂交及其与原种系间的杂交后代进行了核型、可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶分析,以期为百合属植物亲缘关系分析提供生化依据,以及为杂交后代的早期鉴定提供细胞学、生化水平的检测指标。
     用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了百合属几个植物的可溶性蛋白质和过氧化物酶同工酶谱带,并根据相似系数进行聚类,结果表明:亚洲百合杂种系4个品种聚为一组,同时表明同色的品种具有较近的亲缘关系;兰州百合与川百合先聚合,说明有很近亲缘关系,这为兰州百合为川百合一变种提供有利的生化依据;卷丹成为独立的一组,首先与亚洲百合聚合,然后与其它种聚合。此外,探讨了百合属植物亲缘关系与杂交亲和性的关系。
     杂交种子萌发出现了不同于双亲的现象,亲本种子萌发都属于子叶出土型,而兰州百合×黄色及兰州百合×克得利亚中各有一粒种子的萌发,其子叶不生长,直接长出真叶。对早培育胚进行胚培养发现,不同的杂交组合,杂种胚生长所需的激素浓度和配比不同。杂种胚通过愈伤组织途径分化成苗,植株再生频率高,初步鉴定,其同工酶谱带与杂种实生苗是相似的。
     百合的第一对和第二对染色体多为中着丝粒和近中着丝粒染色体,可以根据次缢痕有无与位置及臂比鉴定杂种。对于染色体结构差异显著的亲本杂交,可以通过核型分析进行杂种鉴定,兰州百合×黄色及兰州百合×克得利亚的后代中都能发现亲本的特征染色体。而染色体结构无明显差异的种杂交不利于运用核型鉴定杂种。
     以兰州百合为亲本的杂交后代,蛋白质谱中不仅出现了与亲本同源但比亲本染色加深的带,而且出现了亲本中不存在的新带。而亚洲杂种系内杂交,即黄色和克得利亚的杂交后代的蛋白质谱为亲本型,没有明显变异。同工酶较蛋白质表现出更强的多态性,兰州百合与黑美人、兰州百合与黄色的杂种F_1同工酶谱主要表现为亲本的不完全互补型和杂种型,兰州百合与克得利亚的杂种F_1过氧化物酶谱为不完全互补型。黄色和克得利亚的杂种F_1同工酶谱表现为偏母本型。因此,蛋白质谱和过氧化物酶及酯酶同工酶谱可以作为百合杂种鉴定的生化指标及进行目标性状植株的检测。
Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, its bulbs have high edible and medical values. The pattern of peroxidase isoenzyme and were analysed in several lilium species and cultivars by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the results could be regarded as biochemical evidence for relationships of lilium. The hybrids F1 between in Ldavidii var. unicolor and lilium Asiatic hybrids or cultivars in lilium Asiatic hybrids were researched with their parents by karyotype, soluble protein, esterase isoenzyme and peroxidase isoenzyme. The results provided identification markers of cytology and biochemistry for hybridization at the early stage in lily breeding programs.
    The cluster analysis according to similarity coefficient of soluble protein and peroxidase showed that 'Yellow' and 'Omega' have the most closest relation in lilium Asiatic hybrids. L. davidii var. unicolor was very close to L. davidii. This provided advantageous evidence that L. davidii var. unicolor which came form L. davidii was variety. L. lancifolium was close to lilium Asiatic hybrids. In addition, the relation between compatibility of crosses and genetic relationships was discussed.
    The germination of two seeds of hybrids was different form their parents. Seeds of their parents were epigeal germination, but two seeds germination of hybrids which were derived form L davidii var. unicolor x'Yellow' and L davidii var. unicolorx'Cordelia' were remain cotyledon in seed. No mature seeds were used the method of embryos culture. During culture of the hybrid embryos form different cross classification, the proportion and concentration of hormones were different. Hybrid embryos regenerated by callus and obtained more lily plantlets. Isoenzyme zymograms of lily plantlets by embryos culture were similar to results of seed developed into plantlet.
    The first and second longest chromosomes are important in karyotype analysis and most of which are metacentric chromosome and submetacentric chromosome in lilium. Hybrids were distinguishable by the existence and position of secondary constriction and arm ratio. Karyotype analyses could be used for evidence of hybridization with obvious difference of parental chromosomes, chromosomes characteristic of both parents were observed in L. davidii var. unicolor x'Yellow'and L davidii var. unicolorx 'Cordelia'. It was difficult to ascertain the hybyidity of lily plants when both of parental chromosomes had a slight difference.
    
    
    The hybrids not only emerged deeper color in common protein zymograms than in both parents, but also had new bands in mother of L. davidii var. unicolor. But protein zymograms were parental type and had no significant difference in 'Yellow'x'Cordelia'. Isoenzyme zymograms had higher polymorphism than protein zymograms. Isoenzyme zymograms of hybrids mainly displayed partly complementary zymograms of the two parents in L. davidii var. unicolorx'Negro'and L. davidii var. unicolorx'Yellow'. Peroxidase zymograms displayed partly complementary zymograms of the two parents in L. davidii var. unicolor x'Cordelia'. However, isoenzyme zymograms were mothernal type in 'Yellow'x 'Cordelia'. The analysis indicated that the patterns of protein , peroxidase and esterase can be used as genetic markers to identify hybrids and determine the plants with object characteristics.
引文
蔡雪,胡适宜.川百合花粉管的生殖细胞分裂过程中微管骨架的分布变化[J].植物学报,1996,38(10):761~766.
    陈善娜,高建丽,郑志英.百合子房的组织培养[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),1997,19(4):374~375.
    陈丽梅,李雪,杜捷,等.兰州百合B染色体的初步观察[J].西北植物学报,2003,2 3(11):2007~2010.
    成锁占,杨文衡.根据同工酶核桃属十个种分类学的研究[J].园艺学报,1987,14(2):90~95.
    陈诗林,黄敏玲.小苍兰品种间可溶性蛋白质及其亲缘关系分析[J].园艺学报,1997,24(3):305~307.
    戴景瑞,等.玉米过氧化物酶与酯酶同功酶与杂种产量的关系[J].作物学报,1989,15(3):193~201.
    丁兰,刘国安,田卫东,等.新铁炮百合组织培养和快速繁殖研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(1):80~82.
    范国强,彭海风,翟晓巧,等.泡桐叶片蛋白质多态性及其聚类分析[J].植物学通报,2001,18(6):739~743.
    方德秋,章文才.应用同工酶进行宽皮柑桔分类及进化的研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1992,10(4):305~312.
    谷祝平,郑国铝.从百合花药诱导花粉植株的研究[J].植物学报,1982,24(1):28~31.
    何忠效,张树政.电泳[M].科学出版社.1999.
    胡能书,万贤国.同工酶技术及其应用[M].湖南科学技术出版社.1985.
    胡秉芬.兰州百合鳞茎的繁殖及小鳞茎形成过程的研究.西北师范大学硕士论文,2003.
    黄大年,谷明光,张雪琴,等.二倍体多年生大刍草及其与玉米的杂种F_1同工酶和可溶性Pr电泳研究[J].遗传学报,1984,11(6):472~480.
    黄济民.王百合×大卫百合远缘杂种育成[J].园艺学报,1982,9(3):51~54.
    黄济民,赵晓艺.玫红百合为亲本育成百合种间杂种[J].园艺学报,1990,2:153~156.
    黄作喜,王祥宁,李克,等.百合鳞片扦插繁殖措施研究[J].天津农业科学,2001,7(4):34~36.
    贾敬芬,谷祝平,郑国锠.百合花丝组织培养及其细胞学观察[J].植物学报,1981,23(1):17~21.
    雷红灵,张光华.同工酶在园艺植物中的应用研究[J].湖北民族学院学报,1999,17(4): 19~23.
    冷肖荀,王青华.外植体和培养因子对百合不定芽诱导的影响[J].河北林业科技,2002,(1):1~2.
    
    
    李懋学,陈瑞阳.关于核型分析的标准化问题[J].武汉植物学研究,1985,3(4):297~232.
    李懋学,龙雅宜,龚维忠.岷江百合B染色体的初步观察[J].植物学报,1984,26(2):151~155.
    李卫民,孟宪舒,高莫,等.中药百合的核型分析[J].中国中药志,1991,16(5):268~269.
    李继耕,杨太兴,曾孟潜.栽培玉米起源的同工酶研究[J].遗传学报,1980,7(3):223~230.
    李岩,阎隆飞,徐是雄,等.百合花粉及花粉管内微丝和微管的分布[J].植物学报,1998,40(10):890~894.
    李造哲,马青枝,云锦凤,等.加拿大披碱草和老芒麦及其杂种F_1同工酶分析[J].中国草地,2000,5:28~31.
    廉美兰,朴炫春,白基烨.应用生物反应器扩繁‘Casa Blanca’百合鳞茎[J].园艺学报,2003,30(4):479~481.
    刘辉,陈纯贤,孙敬三,等.小麦×玉米杂交后代的蛋白质及酯酶同工酶分析[J].植物学报,1996,38(5):357~361.
    刘兴梁,胡适宜,张金忠,等.王百合及兰州百合细胞质遗传的细胞学研究[J].植物学报,1998,40(2):109~114.
    刘选明,周朴华,何立珍,等.应用细胞工程技术选育四倍体龙牙百合的研究[J].生物工程学报,1996,12(增刊):197~203.
    林键一.利用酯酶同工酶的电泳分析研究作物品种的遗传变异及其地理分布[J].国外农业科技,1975(2):19~22.
    龙雅宜,张金政,张兰年.百合-球根花卉之王[M].北京:金盾出版社.1999.
    孟金陵.植物生殖遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社.1997.
    彭永康,于玲,霍昕,等.用显微分离和超敏感银染电泳方法研究百合减数第一分裂周期蛋白质变化[J].植物研究,2001,21(2):313~316.
    沈革志,杨红娟,周根余.百合杂种胚的离体培养[J].上海农业学报,1997,13(1):63~66.
    孙敬三,陈纯贤,路铁刚.禾本科植物染色体消除型远缘杂交的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1998,15(1):1~7.
    孙启时,石猛,付沛云.东北百合属植物的研究[J].植物研究.1989,9(3):133~148.
    孙晓梅,崔文山,毛洪玉,等.不同授粉方法对两种亚洲百合杂交结实影响的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2001(6):9~13.
    尚忠林,马力耕,王学臣,等.细胞外钙调素对百合花粉细胞内钙离子浓度的影响[J].植物学报,2001,43(1):12~17.
    图立古尔,刘立波.吉林产5种百合的核型研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1996,14(1):6~12.
    汪发缵,唐进.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1980,第14卷.
    王振英,彭永康,陈宏.用双向电泳分析百合减数第一分裂周期蛋白质的变化[J].植物研究,2001,21(4):596~599.
    
    
    王新宇,聂秀菀,潘有福,等.百合小孢子母细胞形成和发育过程中细胞间连接形态和结构的变化[J].电子显微学报,1998,17(6):689~695.
    许明辉.作物亲本间遗传差异与杂种优势研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,1999,14(1):107~112.
    吴郁文,张翠兰,张炎.小麦、黑麦、小黑麦酯酶同工酶的比较研究[J].遗传学报,1981,8(4):380~385.
    徐是雄,叶秀麟.百合离体生殖细胞骨架的扫描电镜观察[J].植物学报,1994,36(1):19~23.
    杨利平,马宪红,丁冰,等.百合花卉种间杂种的培育[J].东北林业大学学报,1997,25(1):29~32.
    杨利平,张方,丁冰.百合种间远缘杂交种的育成[J].河北林果研究,1998,13(3)212~216.
    杨利平,宋满珍,张晶.光照和温度对百合属6种植物种子萌发的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2000,9(4):14~18.
    杨利平,张学攵方,高亦珂.10种百合属植物的传粉生物学[J].植物研究,1998,18(1):63~67.
    杨太兴,段章雄,郭乐群,等.同工酶与玉米杂种产量优势预测的研究[J].植物学报1995,37(6):432~436.
    于玲,何丽霞,李嘉珏,等.牡丹野生种间蛋白质谱带的比较研究[J].园艺学报,1998,25(1):99~101.
    于晓英,吴铁明,倪沛,等.百合幼胚的离体培养和植株再生[J].湖南农业大学学报,2000,26(4):286~288.
    张西丽,周厚高,周焱,等.百合品种间的数量分类研究[J].广西植物,2000,20(4)325~328.
    张西丽,周厚高,周焱,等.几个百合品种花粉电镜观察及其亲缘关系分析[J].广西农业生物科学,2000,19(13):175~179.
    赵祥云,陈新露,方海,等.用RAPD标记评价品种间的遗传关系[J].北京农学院学报,1995,10(2):58~63.
    周一兵,冯云,尤瑞麟.百合鳞片离体形态发生过程中几种同工酶的变化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),1995,31(4):499~507.
    周厚高,张西丽,王中仁,等.几个百合品种遗传亲缘关系的等位酶分析[J].西南农业大学学报,1999,12(4):92~95.
    周厚高,张西丽,周焱,等.百合品种交配亲和性的研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2000,19(4):223~227,232.
    周光宇,龚蓁蓁,王自芬.远缘杂交的分子基础—DNA片段杂交假设的一个论证[J].遗传学报,1979,6(4):405~413.
    周树军.基因组荧光原位杂交区分百合回交一代的不同基因组[J].园艺学报,2003,30(4):485~
    
    486.
    Asano Y, Hiroshi M. Studies on crosses between distantly related species of lilies Ⅱ. The culture of immature hybrid embryos[J].J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci, 1977,46(2):267~273.
    Cohen A, Meredith C P, Saniewski M, etal. Agrobacterium mediated transformation of Lilium[J].Acta Hort, 1992,325:611~618.
    Fernandez A M, Nakazaki T. Development of diploid and triploid interspecific hybrids between Lilium longiflorum and L. Concolor by ovary slice culture[J]. Plant Breeding, 1996,115:167~171.
    Grassotti A, Mercuri A, Roh M S. Selection of Lilfum for bulbil probuction characteristic[J]. Acta Hort, 1996,414:129~132.
    Grassottti A, Mercuri A, Lee JongSuk. Lilium elegans:selection of pollen less clones[J]. Acta Hort, 1996,414:125~128.
    Hayashi M., Kanoh K, Se rizawa Y, Yoon E. Ovary silce culture of Lilium formosanum Wallace[J]. Japan. J. Breed., 1986,36:304~308.
    Hoshi Y, Kond M, Mori S, etal. Production of transgenic lily plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2004, (22)6: 359~364.
    Horita M., Morohashi H., Komai F. Production of fertile somatic hybrid plants between Oriental hybrid lily and Lilium×formolongi[J]. Planta, 2003,217 (4):597~601.
    Jeong J a, Kown S T. Variation of morpologival characteristic of Lilium hansonii related with protein and isozyme bands[J]. Acta Hort, 1996,414:145~150.
    Kanoh K, Hayashi M, Serizawa Y, et al. Production of interspecific hybrids between Lilium longiflorum and Lilium×elegance by ovary slice culture[J]. Japan. J. Breed. 1988,38:278~282.
    Loffler H J M, Meijer H, Straathof T P. Segregation of Fusarium resistance in an interspecific cross between Lilium longiflorum and Lilium dauricum[J]. Acta Hort, 1996,414:203~208.
    Lorenzo A, Kronstad W E, Vieira L G E. Relationship between high molecular weight glutenin subunits and leaf volume in wheat as measured by the sodiumdidecyl sulpliate sedlimentation test[J]. Crop sic, 1987,27:253~257.
    Langeveld S A, Gerrits M M, Derks A F L M, et al. Transformation of lily by Agrobacterium[J]. Euphytica, 1995,85:97~100.
    Miyoshi H, usami T, Tanaka I. High level of GUS gene expression driven by pollen specific promoters in electroporated lily pollen protoplasts[J].Sex Plant Reprd, 1995,
    
    8(4):205~209.
    Niimi Y. In vitro propagation and post-in vitro establishment of bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb[J].Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1995,63:843~852.
    Obata Y, Niimi Y, Nakano M, Okazaki K, Miyajima I. Interspeeific hybrids between Lilium nobilissimum and L. Regale produced via ovules with placental tissue culture[J]. Scientia Hortic, 2000,84:1914204.
    Okazaki K, Asano Y, Oosawa K. Insterspeciific hybrids between Lilium 'Oriental' hybrid and L. 'Asiatic' hybrid produced by embryo culture with revised media[J]. Breed Sci, 1994,44:59~64.
    Rogers S O. Heritability and variability in Ribisomal RNA genes of "vicia faba" [J].Genetics, 1987, 117:285~295.
    Schwartz D. Genetic studies on mutant enzymes in maize: Synthesis of hybrid enzymes by heterozygotes[J].Proe. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1960,46:1210~1215.
    Stewart R.N. Tne morphology of somatic chromosomes in Lilium[J]. Amer. J. Bot., 1947, 34:9~16.
    Sun Qixin. Differential gene expression between wheat hybrids and their parental inbreds in seedling leaves[J].Euphytica, 1999,106(2):117~123.
    Tsuchiya T, Takumi S, Shimada T. Transient expression of a reporter gene in bulbscales and immature embryos of three Lilium species is affected by 5' up stream sequences and culture conditions[J]. Physiol. Plant., 1996,98:699~704.
    Van Tuyl J M, Marcucci M, Visser T. Pollen and pollination experiments Ⅶ. The effect of pollen treatment and application method on incompalibility and incongruity in Lilium[J].Euphytica, 1982,31:613~619.
    Van Tuyl J M, Van DienM P, Van Creij M G M, et al. Application of in vitro pollination, ovary culyure, ovule culture, and embryo rescue for overcoming incongruity barriers in interspecific Lilium crosses[J].Plant Sci, 1991,74:115~126.
    Van Tuyl J M, Van Holsteijn H C M, Van Tuyl J M, et al. Lily breeding research in the Nether lands[J]. Acta Hort, 1996,414:35~45.
    Yamagishi M, Abe H, Nakano M, et al. PCR-based molecular markers in Asiatic hybrid lily [J].Scientia,Horticulture, 2002,96:225~234.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700