结构—地基动力相互作用计算模型的改进及其工程应用
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摘要
大型基础设施的建设是适应经济快速发展的重要保障,其中以清洁能源开发为主的高坝及核电站项目正在启动或实施,鉴于结构日趋大型复杂化及西部和东部沿海强震区的特殊性,其抗震安全研究具有重大的现实意义。本文结合中德合作研究项目(GZ566),针对服务年限较长的大型工程结构的抗震安全数值分析进行了深入的研究。
1.关注于提高无限地基时域数值分析的精度与效率,从解析和数值两方面系统地研究了阻尼溶剂抽取法(Damping Solvent Extraction Method,简称DSEM)时域数值模型求解关键因素的影响,并基于模拟无限域动力特性的机理进行了实质性的探讨。进而,从数值实现中的误差源出发,提出了一种施加较大附加人工阻尼再分步依次移频抽取的阻尼溶剂逐步抽取法,该方法可以最大限度地消除反射波波动能量及抽取人工高阻尼的影响,从而降低了关键因素的相互制约性,使其能较好适应地基有限区域表面几何结构复杂多变的情况。同时,为克服原位移求解模式中存在的结构-地基交界面显-隐式算法积分步长协调性的问题,提出了基于加速度求解的DSEM隐式算法,可方便结合子结构法进行结构侧的动力响应分析。另外,对该无限地基时域模型进行了典型算例验证并推荐了参数取值。
2.可操作性强是推进结构-无限地基相互作用时域模型在大型工程中应用的必要条件。以通用有限元软件ANAYS开发平台为主体,基于DSSEM无限地基动力计算模型,运用UPFs的二次开发特点,在地基部分创建了人工高阻尼单元来模拟虚加介质阻尼的影响,地基外边界则创建了专门模拟人工边界的三维紧支粘弹性人工边界单元,建立Fortran外部接口进行交界面相互作用力的求解,并结合APDL以及GUI功能实现了基于逐步抽取DSSEM无限地基时域计算模型在ANSYS平台的嵌入,进而利用典型数值算例验证了所开发模型的可靠性和良好的适用性。在此基础上,研究了地基材料非均匀性对相互作用力求解所产生的影响,计算结果表明该模型适用于复杂非均质地基条件下的动力响应分析。
3.以发展一套完整的基于结构-地基动力相互作用的分析技术为目的,首先在结构-地基交界面推导了一种用以考虑所施加人工高阻尼对结构影响的空间耦联单元,该单元形式是对已有有限单元的继承与拓展,同时,为保证相互作用系统良好的收敛性和精度,提出了增量形式的动力非线性迭代算法,从而基于ANSYS平台建立了适用于大型复杂结构地震非线性问题解决的结构-无限地基动力相互作用计算模型。其次,通过引入了上部结构非线性力学模型、大体积混凝土结构的细观损伤演化等技术,进一步扩充和完善了分析平台的功能模块。最后,通过大岗山拱坝-无限地基系统的地震非线性响应分析,验证了所提出时域模型具有通用性强、可操作性高、以及良好的精确及效率等优势特点,具有较高的工程实用价值；并由Koyna重力坝在强震作用下的破损过程研究验证了细观损伤分析功能的有效性。
4.在实际工程中被广泛应用是建立结构-地基动力相互作用模型的终极目标。应用本文所开发动力相互作用分析平台,笔者进行了多个实际工程的计算分析与相关研究。其中,以某核电站CPR1000堆型反应堆厂房作为研究对象进行了楼层反应谱分析,对于评价核电厂地基适应性具有一定的指导与参考意义；以高速列车在铁路桥梁上的走行安全性为出发点,建立了合理高效的高速列车-轨道-桥梁-地基时变系统模型并进行了地震激励下的响应分析,为解决复杂的工程实际问题提供了方便有效的途径；并结合某拟建精密设备基础隔振工程实际,通过引入三维紧支粘弹性边界单元考虑了基础-地基-基础的动力相互作用,建立了隔振措施优化分析模型,并根据工程实际情况,分别对不同隔振措施及影响因素进行了综合对比分析,在满足隔振要求的前提下,对降低工程投资、加快工程进度均起到了较好的作用。
It is an important guarantee for the rapid development of economy to construct National Infrastructure Engineering. To explore the clean energy, several high dams and nuclear power plants are being built in seismic zones of western China, as well as eastern coastal area of China. Obviously, the seismic safety is crucial to such structures. With the support from China-Germany Joint Research Project GZ566, in-depth research has been conducted regarding the safety evaluation of large-scale complicated structures.
1. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of time-domain model of unbounded soil, the influence of the key factors on the Damping Solvent Extraction Method (DSEM) is systematically investigated from analytical analysis and numerical simulation, and a deep discussion is completed on the simulation mechanism of dynamic characteristics of unbounded domain. And then, Damping Solvent Stepwise Extraction Method (DSSEM) is proposed by applying the relatively larger artificial damping in the bounded soil firstly and then employing a stepwise extraction process of damping, that is, the introduced artificial damping are divided into smaller parts to assure the convergence and extracted step by step, which can simultaneously decrease two sources of error in the implementation of DSEM. This method provides a more efficient and accurate way to calculate the interaction forces of the unbounded soil due to the fluctuation energy of reflected waves and the undesirable effect of artificial damping are completely removed as much as possible. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to practical engineering with irregular soil domain. Meanwhile, based on the solution of acceleration, an implicit DSEM integral algorithm firstly is proposed to solve the problem of explicit and implicit integral algorithm with different time steps on the interface between structure and soil region and combine with dynamic analysis of structures conveniently. Moreover, verification and validation studies are performed by using typical examples. And optimal parameters of this model are recommended for future use.
2. Operability is the necessary condition of generalizing the model of structure and soil interaction to engineering application. A time-domain model based on User Programmable Features (UPFs) for implementing the Damping Solvent Stepwise Extraction (DSSE) method within commercial finite element software ANSYS is presented. In this model, a damped soil element is developed to consider the effect of artificial damping which is introduced in the soil; also, a3D compact viscous-spring boundary element is established to further reduce the amplitudes; and a practical external-interface is developed with ANSYS to evaluate the interaction forces at the structure-foundation interface. In addition, the DSSEM is implanted into the platform of ANSYS by means of the APDL and GUI. And then, the reliability and validity of this new model is verified by the typical numerical examples. Furthermore, the presented model is used for studying the influence of heterogeneity of unbounded soil on interaction forces, and the numerical result shows it is able to solve the dynamic problems which encountered in the inhomogeneous unbounded soil.
3. This study's aim is to develop an integrated dynamic analysis technique based on soil-structure interaction. Firstly, an Interface-Coupling element is established at the interface between structure and soil to consider the effect of artificial damping on structure. Meanwhile, in order to assure the convergence and accuracy of system of soil-structure, a dynamic nonlinear iteration technique is proposed in the form of increment. And then, based on the platform of ANSYS, a numerical model of soil-structure is built to solve the nonlinear dynamic problems of complex structures. Moreover, this numerical model is expanded by introducing the nonlinear model of structure and micro damage law of large scale concrete. Finally, from the dynamic nonlinear analysis of the system of Dagangshan arch dam, it is shown that the accuracy and efficiency of numerical model are pretty good. Also, applicability of EDE method is justified by damage process of Koyna gravity dam under strong earthquake.
4. To be used in the practical engineering is the ultimate aim of Structure-Soil interaction (SSI) model. Based on the proposed SSI model, some practical engineering problems were studied. Firstly, analysis of floor response spectra is completed for a CPR1000reactor plant, and it is helpful to evaluate the compatibility of soil for nuclear power plant under earthquake. Then, considering the safety of train running on bridge, a time-variant model of high-speed vehicle-rail-bridge-foundation system is developed for the earthquake response analysis, and it provides convenient and efficient way to solve the complicated problems of engineering. In addition, considered the proposed vibration isolation project for the base of sophisticated equipment, a3D compact viscous-spring boundary element is constructed to simulate the effect of structure-soil-structure dynamic interaction; also, vibration isolation optimization model is presented. According to the practice, varied vibration isolation measures and influencing factors were compared and comprehensively analyzed. From the analysis, an optimal vibration isolation measure is proposed to meet the requirement, and the investment of engineering is decreased and the progress is speed up due to this optimal measure.
1.关注于提高无限地基时域数值分析的精度与效率,从解析和数值两方面系统地研究了阻尼溶剂抽取法(Damping Solvent Extraction Method,简称DSEM)时域数值模型求解关键因素的影响,并基于模拟无限域动力特性的机理进行了实质性的探讨。进而,从数值实现中的误差源出发,提出了一种施加较大附加人工阻尼再分步依次移频抽取的阻尼溶剂逐步抽取法,该方法可以最大限度地消除反射波波动能量及抽取人工高阻尼的影响,从而降低了关键因素的相互制约性,使其能较好适应地基有限区域表面几何结构复杂多变的情况。同时,为克服原位移求解模式中存在的结构-地基交界面显-隐式算法积分步长协调性的问题,提出了基于加速度求解的DSEM隐式算法,可方便结合子结构法进行结构侧的动力响应分析。另外,对该无限地基时域模型进行了典型算例验证并推荐了参数取值。
2.可操作性强是推进结构-无限地基相互作用时域模型在大型工程中应用的必要条件。以通用有限元软件ANAYS开发平台为主体,基于DSSEM无限地基动力计算模型,运用UPFs的二次开发特点,在地基部分创建了人工高阻尼单元来模拟虚加介质阻尼的影响,地基外边界则创建了专门模拟人工边界的三维紧支粘弹性人工边界单元,建立Fortran外部接口进行交界面相互作用力的求解,并结合APDL以及GUI功能实现了基于逐步抽取DSSEM无限地基时域计算模型在ANSYS平台的嵌入,进而利用典型数值算例验证了所开发模型的可靠性和良好的适用性。在此基础上,研究了地基材料非均匀性对相互作用力求解所产生的影响,计算结果表明该模型适用于复杂非均质地基条件下的动力响应分析。
3.以发展一套完整的基于结构-地基动力相互作用的分析技术为目的,首先在结构-地基交界面推导了一种用以考虑所施加人工高阻尼对结构影响的空间耦联单元,该单元形式是对已有有限单元的继承与拓展,同时,为保证相互作用系统良好的收敛性和精度,提出了增量形式的动力非线性迭代算法,从而基于ANSYS平台建立了适用于大型复杂结构地震非线性问题解决的结构-无限地基动力相互作用计算模型。其次,通过引入了上部结构非线性力学模型、大体积混凝土结构的细观损伤演化等技术,进一步扩充和完善了分析平台的功能模块。最后,通过大岗山拱坝-无限地基系统的地震非线性响应分析,验证了所提出时域模型具有通用性强、可操作性高、以及良好的精确及效率等优势特点,具有较高的工程实用价值；并由Koyna重力坝在强震作用下的破损过程研究验证了细观损伤分析功能的有效性。
4.在实际工程中被广泛应用是建立结构-地基动力相互作用模型的终极目标。应用本文所开发动力相互作用分析平台,笔者进行了多个实际工程的计算分析与相关研究。其中,以某核电站CPR1000堆型反应堆厂房作为研究对象进行了楼层反应谱分析,对于评价核电厂地基适应性具有一定的指导与参考意义；以高速列车在铁路桥梁上的走行安全性为出发点,建立了合理高效的高速列车-轨道-桥梁-地基时变系统模型并进行了地震激励下的响应分析,为解决复杂的工程实际问题提供了方便有效的途径；并结合某拟建精密设备基础隔振工程实际,通过引入三维紧支粘弹性边界单元考虑了基础-地基-基础的动力相互作用,建立了隔振措施优化分析模型,并根据工程实际情况,分别对不同隔振措施及影响因素进行了综合对比分析,在满足隔振要求的前提下,对降低工程投资、加快工程进度均起到了较好的作用。
It is an important guarantee for the rapid development of economy to construct National Infrastructure Engineering. To explore the clean energy, several high dams and nuclear power plants are being built in seismic zones of western China, as well as eastern coastal area of China. Obviously, the seismic safety is crucial to such structures. With the support from China-Germany Joint Research Project GZ566, in-depth research has been conducted regarding the safety evaluation of large-scale complicated structures.
1. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of time-domain model of unbounded soil, the influence of the key factors on the Damping Solvent Extraction Method (DSEM) is systematically investigated from analytical analysis and numerical simulation, and a deep discussion is completed on the simulation mechanism of dynamic characteristics of unbounded domain. And then, Damping Solvent Stepwise Extraction Method (DSSEM) is proposed by applying the relatively larger artificial damping in the bounded soil firstly and then employing a stepwise extraction process of damping, that is, the introduced artificial damping are divided into smaller parts to assure the convergence and extracted step by step, which can simultaneously decrease two sources of error in the implementation of DSEM. This method provides a more efficient and accurate way to calculate the interaction forces of the unbounded soil due to the fluctuation energy of reflected waves and the undesirable effect of artificial damping are completely removed as much as possible. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to practical engineering with irregular soil domain. Meanwhile, based on the solution of acceleration, an implicit DSEM integral algorithm firstly is proposed to solve the problem of explicit and implicit integral algorithm with different time steps on the interface between structure and soil region and combine with dynamic analysis of structures conveniently. Moreover, verification and validation studies are performed by using typical examples. And optimal parameters of this model are recommended for future use.
2. Operability is the necessary condition of generalizing the model of structure and soil interaction to engineering application. A time-domain model based on User Programmable Features (UPFs) for implementing the Damping Solvent Stepwise Extraction (DSSE) method within commercial finite element software ANSYS is presented. In this model, a damped soil element is developed to consider the effect of artificial damping which is introduced in the soil; also, a3D compact viscous-spring boundary element is established to further reduce the amplitudes; and a practical external-interface is developed with ANSYS to evaluate the interaction forces at the structure-foundation interface. In addition, the DSSEM is implanted into the platform of ANSYS by means of the APDL and GUI. And then, the reliability and validity of this new model is verified by the typical numerical examples. Furthermore, the presented model is used for studying the influence of heterogeneity of unbounded soil on interaction forces, and the numerical result shows it is able to solve the dynamic problems which encountered in the inhomogeneous unbounded soil.
3. This study's aim is to develop an integrated dynamic analysis technique based on soil-structure interaction. Firstly, an Interface-Coupling element is established at the interface between structure and soil to consider the effect of artificial damping on structure. Meanwhile, in order to assure the convergence and accuracy of system of soil-structure, a dynamic nonlinear iteration technique is proposed in the form of increment. And then, based on the platform of ANSYS, a numerical model of soil-structure is built to solve the nonlinear dynamic problems of complex structures. Moreover, this numerical model is expanded by introducing the nonlinear model of structure and micro damage law of large scale concrete. Finally, from the dynamic nonlinear analysis of the system of Dagangshan arch dam, it is shown that the accuracy and efficiency of numerical model are pretty good. Also, applicability of EDE method is justified by damage process of Koyna gravity dam under strong earthquake.
4. To be used in the practical engineering is the ultimate aim of Structure-Soil interaction (SSI) model. Based on the proposed SSI model, some practical engineering problems were studied. Firstly, analysis of floor response spectra is completed for a CPR1000reactor plant, and it is helpful to evaluate the compatibility of soil for nuclear power plant under earthquake. Then, considering the safety of train running on bridge, a time-variant model of high-speed vehicle-rail-bridge-foundation system is developed for the earthquake response analysis, and it provides convenient and efficient way to solve the complicated problems of engineering. In addition, considered the proposed vibration isolation project for the base of sophisticated equipment, a3D compact viscous-spring boundary element is constructed to simulate the effect of structure-soil-structure dynamic interaction; also, vibration isolation optimization model is presented. According to the practice, varied vibration isolation measures and influencing factors were compared and comprehensively analyzed. From the analysis, an optimal vibration isolation measure is proposed to meet the requirement, and the investment of engineering is decreased and the progress is speed up due to this optimal measure.
引文
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