分布式虚拟仿真地震应急演练技术研究
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摘要
地震是一种破坏性极大的突发性自然灾害,毁灭性的大地震造成建筑物倒塌、基础设施损毁,给国民经济建设和人民生命财产造成巨大的损害。地震同时是一种小概率事件,大部分应急管理人员没有经历地震的切身经验。传统纸介质的桌面演练虽然组织灵活、经济实用,但不能提供相对真实的地震灾害场景和生动的应急背景。因此需要有一个能够模拟真实环境的系统来辅助各级地震应急管理人员和相关技术人员感受这种环境。本文对地震灾害场景仿真模拟、地震应急演练仿真想定、分布式地震应急演练系统等开展初步的探索性研究,主要研究内容摘要如下:
     本文首先针对国内外应急管理体系和应急演练与评估的发展现状以及分布式交互仿真、虚拟仿真演练想定、灾害场景仿真模拟的研究进展开展文献调研,分析国内外相关研究存在的问题,确立本文研究内容与技术路线。其次通过对四川汶川地震、青海玉树地震、新疆伽师-巴楚地震、江西九江地震开展现场调研和资料分析,总结特别重大地震、重大地震、较大地震、一般地震的典型地震灾害现场震害特征以及分析四个级别地震应急响应的应急救援处置过程,为本文地震灾害场景仿真模型的研究以及开发地震应急演练系统奠定基础。
     其次开展地震灾害场景典型仿真模型的研究。明确本文地震灾害场景模拟的研究范围,以地震烈度为桥梁来研究地震灾害影响的空间分布。总结不同类型地震的建筑物倒塌模式及其产生的空间进行分类。阐述演练系统所应用的次生灾害表现模型,同时提出虚拟地震灾害场景的优化方案。
     最后系统的论述了地震应急演练仿真想定的主要思想和方法,针对地震演练的需求,设计了地震应急演练虚拟仿真想定系统,阐述其中的虚拟仿真想定系统结构、功能组成、想定编辑过程以及想定编辑系统的具体实现。运用分布式虚拟仿真技术,选用高层体系结构利用HLA(High LevelArchitecture)作为系统的仿真技术框架,设计和实现地震应急救援虚拟仿真演练系统。本文详细描述了地震应急救援处置虚拟仿真演练系统的整体结构设计、功能结构组成设计及各子系统的实现技术和功能。
Earthquake is a devastating unexpected natural disasters.Severe earthquake causedcollapse of buildings and damage of infrastructure, causing casualities and propertylosses.Earthquake is also a small probability event, which most of the emergency managementpersonnel did not experience.Although traditional paper tabletop exercise is easy toorganize and economical,it can not provide real earthquake disaster emergency scenes andvivid background. Therefore we need to build the system that simulate the realenvironment, earthquake emergency people at all levels and relevant technical staff canfeel this environment.
     The preliminary exploratory study of earthquake disaster scene simulation, exercisescenario,virtual exercise simulation is presented in this paper. And the main researchcontents are as follows:
     Firstly, Literature research is carried out, which includes the domestic and internationalresearch progress of emergency management system and emergency drills and evaluation,distributed interactive simulation, virtual simulation exercise scenario, disaster scenesimulation. Based on analyzing the existing problems of research at home and abroad,paper study content and technology roadmap is established. Typical characteristics andemergency rescue disposal process of earthquake disaster about special major earthquake,major earthquake, lager earthquake,general earthquake are summarized though theinvestigate and research of Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province, Yushu earthquakein Qinghai province, JiaShi-Bachu earthquake in Xinjiang province, Jiujiang earthquakein Jiangxi Province. Investigation and analysis lay the foundation for research ofearthquake disaster simulation model and the development of earthquake emergencyexercise system.
     Secondly, research of typical earthquake disaster scene simulaion model and scope arecarried out in this paper. The research scope of earthquake disaster scene simulatin isdefined. seismic intensity is a bridge to study the spatial distribution of earthquakedisasters.The method of groups earthquake damage estimation method is discribed inthis paper that deduction unknown degree of earthquake damage to buildings higherintensity from a certain intensity earthquake spatial distribution of earthquake damage. Thedifferent types of earthquake building collapse mode and the resulting space classificationare summarized in this paper. Secondary disasters performance model in simulation anddisaster scene optimization program are descried. The principles and methods ofearthquake exercise simulation are summarized about system architecture, functionalcomponents,scenario edit process and realization of scenario system.Scenario editor thatdeveloped in this paper provies visual editing and exercise content custom.
     Finally, design and realization of earthquake emergency response exercise systembased on high level architecture framework using distributed virtual simulation techonlogyare described in detail. The develop methods of earthquake exercise simulation aresummarized include system architecture, functional components, realization technology ofsubsystem.
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