岩土工程项目安全预控隐性知识集成与共享研究
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摘要
论文在文献查阅、专家访谈和问卷调查的基础上,以岩土工程施工企业安全预警与应急控制隐性知识集成与共享为研究对象,借助系统论、控制论、信息论,模块化理论、制度经济学和企业战略联盟理论,按照“理论基础—理论模型构建和实证研究—方案设计—实践检验”为逻辑顺序,逐层递进展开研究。
论文研究的目的在于推动岩土工程施工企业加强安全预控隐性知识集成与共享工作。通过系列制度设计和操作工具的开发,将众多工程项目中的风险预警、风险防治、风险控制与应急处置等现场管理经验和所用技术等隐性知识进行显性化,以模块化的方式保存各类安全预控、风险控制、应急处置等知识,借助计算机网络系统让企业内部不同项目和不同企业组织之间能够实现隐性知识共享。为项目管理者或者安全技术人员在面对相同或相近隐患情况时,能够借鉴已有的处理经验,缩短在紧急状态下的决策时间,提升对质量安全事故的预警和控制能力,减少相同或者相似的工程质量安全事故在同一企业不同项目之间、同—行业不同企业之间反复发生的概率。
1)通过问卷调查、专家访谈和理论推理的方式对岩土工程领域同类质量安全事故反复重现的原因进行研究。根据“岩土工程安全预控绩效”与“同类安全质量事故反复发生”之间的内在逻辑路径和知识管理的脉络,分析安全事故反复重现的责任归属问题,构建“隐性知识共享因素”—“隐性知识共享”—“安全预控绩效”三个层次的“责任归属概念模型”实证分析理论模型；根据概念模型提出理论研究假设,确定变量定义和测量内容。借助统计分析软件SPSS13.0,对调查问卷设计的测量指标进行统计分析。信度分析结果反映出测量题目的一致性程度和内部结构均具有良好性；效度分析结果显示测量结果符合理论假设的内涵；相关分析结果显示提出的假设全部得到验证。实证研究显示：“安全预控隐性知识共享系统”由“企业内部共享系统”和“行业企业共享系统”两大系统构成；隐性知识集成与共享受“共享激励制度、组织制度、企业共享文化、隐性知识集成与共享媒介”四大因素影响；“激励制度”、“组织制度”、“企业共享文化”、“隐性知识集成与共享媒介”对“安全预控隐性知识共享”均有显著正影响；“隐性知识共享”对“安全预控绩效”具有显著正影响。量化研究的结果证实“责任归属概念模型”具有普适性和合理性。
2)根据验证后的“责任归属概念模型”,借助制度经济学理论、模块化理论和战略联盟理论,分别就驱动企业内部和行业联盟企业之间进行隐性知识共享的制度安排和实现途径进行研究。针对企业内部和行业战略联盟企业之间进行隐性知识集成与共享存在的障碍,设计相应的激励制度、组织制度和企业共享文化制度来驱动隐性知识的集成和共享；针对隐性知识难于显性化的特点,设计隐性知识显性化模块化集成模型和模块化知识共享驱动模型。
3)借助系统论、控制论和信息论相关理论确定“隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”的基本功能定位及开发流程与技术路线；开发“隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”应用软件,包括隐性知识采集系统、隐性知识共享系统和知识产品交易系统,从技术角度为企业内部和行业联盟企业间进行隐性知识集成及共享提供可以实际操作的平台。
4)通过选取样本单位对“岩土工程安全预控隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”从制度安排系统及软件系统两个层面进行应用与测试,验证“隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”的制度设计与软件系统的实用性；根据测试结果,对制度安排和软件系统进行系统的修改和完善。试验样本单位通过制度系统的实施和软件系统平台建设,使得安全工程师面对有关问题时的直觉、思维模式和诀窍得以保存、积累,其原本与个体无法分离的隐性知识成为组织成员能够共享的知识,工程师们在安全预警与应急控制方面的成功经验和失败教训得以共享,减少和避免了一些带有共同特征的质量安全事故的发生。
5)通过现场访谈、开座谈会、问卷调查的方式,对“岩土工程安全预控隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”的商业化价值和市场推广潜力进行评估,评估结果显示,该软件系统填补了市场空白,符合岩土工程施工企业的现实需求,具有较高的商业开发价值。
On the basis of literature review, expert interview and questionnaire survey, this paper investigates the knowledge integration and sharing in safety precaution and control of geotechnical engineering enterprises, according to the logic sequence of "theoretical foundation-theoretical model construction and empirical study-proposal design-practical testing", with the aid of system theory, cybernetics, information theory, modular theory, institutional economics, and corporate strategy alliance theory.
The goal of this paper is to promote the geotechnical engineering enterprises for enhancing tacit knowledge integration and sharing in safety precaution and control. Through serial system institutional design and operational tool development, it is to externalize the tacit knowledge of site managerial experiences and applicable technology of early risk alerting, risk prevention, risk control and emergency handling in numerous engineering projects, and to preserve in a modular way each kind of knowledge of safety precaution, risk control, emergency handling, and to realize sharing of tacit knowledge among different corporate interior projects and among different enterprises with the aid of computer network system. The tacit knowledge integration and sharing enable project administrators or safety personnel, when facing same or similar hidden dangers, to profit from existing handling experience, reduce decision-making time under emergency, increase their early alerting and control ability towards quality safety accidents, and reduce the repeated incurrence probability of same or similar project quality safety accidents among different projects of same enterprise or different enterprises of same profession.
1) Through questionnaire survey, expert interview and theoretical inference, the reasons for repeated occurrences of similar quality safety accidents in geotechnical domain are investigated. According to the intrinsic logical path and knowledge management vein between "Safety control performance of geotechnical engineering" and "repeated occurrences of similar quality safety accidents", the responsibility attribution for repeated occurrences of safety accidents is analyzed, by constructing the "responsibility attribution conceptual model" for empirical analysis, which consists of three levels:"tacit knowledge sharing factor"-"tacit knowledge sharing"-"safety control performance"; according to the conceptual model, the research hypothesis is proposed to determine the definition of variables and measurement contents. With the aid of statistical analysis software SPSS 13.0, statistical analysis is carried on to the measurement targets of questionnaire design. Reliability analysis results reflected the consistency of the measurement topics and the well-formedness of internal structure; the validity analysis results showed that the measurement results conform to the theoretical hypothesis; and relevant analysis results showed that the proposed hypothesis is fully confirmed. The empirical study demonstrated:the "tacit knowledge sharing system for safety control" is composed of two systems:"corporate internal sharing system" and "professional corporate sharing system". The tacit knowledge integration and sharing are subject to the influence of "sharing motivation system, organizational institution, corporate sharing culture, tacit knowledge integration and sharing medium". The "motivation system, organizational institution, corporate sharing culture, tacit knowledge integration and sharing medium" all have significant positive influence on the "tacit knowledge sharing system for safety control"; the "tacit knowledge sharing" has significant positive influence on the "safety control performance". The quantitative research results confirmed that the "responsibility attribution conceptual model" is universally applicable and rational.
2) according to the confirmed "responsibility attribution conceptual model, with the aid of institutional economic theory, modular theory and strategic alliance theory, studies are conducted separately on the institutional arrangements and realization approaches driving tacit knowledge sharing among corporate interior and professional alliance enterprises. For the obstacles of tacit knowledge integration and sharing among enterprise interior and professional strategic alliance enterprises, corresponding motivation system, organizational institution system and corporate sharing cultural system are designed to drive the tacit knowledge integration and sharing. In view of the difficulty to externalize the tacit knowledge, the paper designed tacit knowledge externalization modular integration model and modular knowledge sharing driving model.
3) with the aid of system theory, cybernetics and information theory, the paper identifies the basic functional positioning and development flow and technical route for the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system", and develops its application software, including tacit knowledge collection system, tacit knowledge sharing system and knowledge product transaction system, thus providing applicable platform for carrying on tacit knowledge integration and sharing for corporate interior and professional alliance enterprises from technical angle.
4) By selecting sample units, the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system in safety precaution and control of geotechnical engineering enterprises" is applied and tested from two levels:the institutional arrangements system and the software system, so as to confirm the applicability of the institutional design and software system of the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system". According to the testing results, the institutional arrangements and software system are systematically revised and perfected. through institutional system's implementation and software system platform construction, the sample unit enables its safety engineers to preserve and accumulate their intuition, thinking mode and know-how facing related problems. Their tacit knowledge originally unseparable from individuals becomes the knowledge which can be shared by members of the organization, and engineers'successful experiences and failing lessons in early safety alerting and emergency control can be preserved and inherited, reducing and avoiding some accidents of quality securities in common sense.
5) Through site interviews, seminars, and questionnaire survey, the commercialization value and market promotion potential of the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system in safety precaution and control of geotechnical engineering enterprises" are appraised. The appraisal results demonstrated that this software system has filled a gap in the market, meeting the realistic demands of geotechnical engineering construction enterprises, thus having high commercial development value.
论文研究的目的在于推动岩土工程施工企业加强安全预控隐性知识集成与共享工作。通过系列制度设计和操作工具的开发,将众多工程项目中的风险预警、风险防治、风险控制与应急处置等现场管理经验和所用技术等隐性知识进行显性化,以模块化的方式保存各类安全预控、风险控制、应急处置等知识,借助计算机网络系统让企业内部不同项目和不同企业组织之间能够实现隐性知识共享。为项目管理者或者安全技术人员在面对相同或相近隐患情况时,能够借鉴已有的处理经验,缩短在紧急状态下的决策时间,提升对质量安全事故的预警和控制能力,减少相同或者相似的工程质量安全事故在同一企业不同项目之间、同—行业不同企业之间反复发生的概率。
1)通过问卷调查、专家访谈和理论推理的方式对岩土工程领域同类质量安全事故反复重现的原因进行研究。根据“岩土工程安全预控绩效”与“同类安全质量事故反复发生”之间的内在逻辑路径和知识管理的脉络,分析安全事故反复重现的责任归属问题,构建“隐性知识共享因素”—“隐性知识共享”—“安全预控绩效”三个层次的“责任归属概念模型”实证分析理论模型；根据概念模型提出理论研究假设,确定变量定义和测量内容。借助统计分析软件SPSS13.0,对调查问卷设计的测量指标进行统计分析。信度分析结果反映出测量题目的一致性程度和内部结构均具有良好性；效度分析结果显示测量结果符合理论假设的内涵；相关分析结果显示提出的假设全部得到验证。实证研究显示：“安全预控隐性知识共享系统”由“企业内部共享系统”和“行业企业共享系统”两大系统构成；隐性知识集成与共享受“共享激励制度、组织制度、企业共享文化、隐性知识集成与共享媒介”四大因素影响；“激励制度”、“组织制度”、“企业共享文化”、“隐性知识集成与共享媒介”对“安全预控隐性知识共享”均有显著正影响；“隐性知识共享”对“安全预控绩效”具有显著正影响。量化研究的结果证实“责任归属概念模型”具有普适性和合理性。
2)根据验证后的“责任归属概念模型”,借助制度经济学理论、模块化理论和战略联盟理论,分别就驱动企业内部和行业联盟企业之间进行隐性知识共享的制度安排和实现途径进行研究。针对企业内部和行业战略联盟企业之间进行隐性知识集成与共享存在的障碍,设计相应的激励制度、组织制度和企业共享文化制度来驱动隐性知识的集成和共享；针对隐性知识难于显性化的特点,设计隐性知识显性化模块化集成模型和模块化知识共享驱动模型。
3)借助系统论、控制论和信息论相关理论确定“隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”的基本功能定位及开发流程与技术路线；开发“隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”应用软件,包括隐性知识采集系统、隐性知识共享系统和知识产品交易系统,从技术角度为企业内部和行业联盟企业间进行隐性知识集成及共享提供可以实际操作的平台。
4)通过选取样本单位对“岩土工程安全预控隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”从制度安排系统及软件系统两个层面进行应用与测试,验证“隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”的制度设计与软件系统的实用性；根据测试结果,对制度安排和软件系统进行系统的修改和完善。试验样本单位通过制度系统的实施和软件系统平台建设,使得安全工程师面对有关问题时的直觉、思维模式和诀窍得以保存、积累,其原本与个体无法分离的隐性知识成为组织成员能够共享的知识,工程师们在安全预警与应急控制方面的成功经验和失败教训得以共享,减少和避免了一些带有共同特征的质量安全事故的发生。
5)通过现场访谈、开座谈会、问卷调查的方式,对“岩土工程安全预控隐性知识集成与共享管理系统”的商业化价值和市场推广潜力进行评估,评估结果显示,该软件系统填补了市场空白,符合岩土工程施工企业的现实需求,具有较高的商业开发价值。
On the basis of literature review, expert interview and questionnaire survey, this paper investigates the knowledge integration and sharing in safety precaution and control of geotechnical engineering enterprises, according to the logic sequence of "theoretical foundation-theoretical model construction and empirical study-proposal design-practical testing", with the aid of system theory, cybernetics, information theory, modular theory, institutional economics, and corporate strategy alliance theory.
The goal of this paper is to promote the geotechnical engineering enterprises for enhancing tacit knowledge integration and sharing in safety precaution and control. Through serial system institutional design and operational tool development, it is to externalize the tacit knowledge of site managerial experiences and applicable technology of early risk alerting, risk prevention, risk control and emergency handling in numerous engineering projects, and to preserve in a modular way each kind of knowledge of safety precaution, risk control, emergency handling, and to realize sharing of tacit knowledge among different corporate interior projects and among different enterprises with the aid of computer network system. The tacit knowledge integration and sharing enable project administrators or safety personnel, when facing same or similar hidden dangers, to profit from existing handling experience, reduce decision-making time under emergency, increase their early alerting and control ability towards quality safety accidents, and reduce the repeated incurrence probability of same or similar project quality safety accidents among different projects of same enterprise or different enterprises of same profession.
1) Through questionnaire survey, expert interview and theoretical inference, the reasons for repeated occurrences of similar quality safety accidents in geotechnical domain are investigated. According to the intrinsic logical path and knowledge management vein between "Safety control performance of geotechnical engineering" and "repeated occurrences of similar quality safety accidents", the responsibility attribution for repeated occurrences of safety accidents is analyzed, by constructing the "responsibility attribution conceptual model" for empirical analysis, which consists of three levels:"tacit knowledge sharing factor"-"tacit knowledge sharing"-"safety control performance"; according to the conceptual model, the research hypothesis is proposed to determine the definition of variables and measurement contents. With the aid of statistical analysis software SPSS 13.0, statistical analysis is carried on to the measurement targets of questionnaire design. Reliability analysis results reflected the consistency of the measurement topics and the well-formedness of internal structure; the validity analysis results showed that the measurement results conform to the theoretical hypothesis; and relevant analysis results showed that the proposed hypothesis is fully confirmed. The empirical study demonstrated:the "tacit knowledge sharing system for safety control" is composed of two systems:"corporate internal sharing system" and "professional corporate sharing system". The tacit knowledge integration and sharing are subject to the influence of "sharing motivation system, organizational institution, corporate sharing culture, tacit knowledge integration and sharing medium". The "motivation system, organizational institution, corporate sharing culture, tacit knowledge integration and sharing medium" all have significant positive influence on the "tacit knowledge sharing system for safety control"; the "tacit knowledge sharing" has significant positive influence on the "safety control performance". The quantitative research results confirmed that the "responsibility attribution conceptual model" is universally applicable and rational.
2) according to the confirmed "responsibility attribution conceptual model, with the aid of institutional economic theory, modular theory and strategic alliance theory, studies are conducted separately on the institutional arrangements and realization approaches driving tacit knowledge sharing among corporate interior and professional alliance enterprises. For the obstacles of tacit knowledge integration and sharing among enterprise interior and professional strategic alliance enterprises, corresponding motivation system, organizational institution system and corporate sharing cultural system are designed to drive the tacit knowledge integration and sharing. In view of the difficulty to externalize the tacit knowledge, the paper designed tacit knowledge externalization modular integration model and modular knowledge sharing driving model.
3) with the aid of system theory, cybernetics and information theory, the paper identifies the basic functional positioning and development flow and technical route for the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system", and develops its application software, including tacit knowledge collection system, tacit knowledge sharing system and knowledge product transaction system, thus providing applicable platform for carrying on tacit knowledge integration and sharing for corporate interior and professional alliance enterprises from technical angle.
4) By selecting sample units, the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system in safety precaution and control of geotechnical engineering enterprises" is applied and tested from two levels:the institutional arrangements system and the software system, so as to confirm the applicability of the institutional design and software system of the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system". According to the testing results, the institutional arrangements and software system are systematically revised and perfected. through institutional system's implementation and software system platform construction, the sample unit enables its safety engineers to preserve and accumulate their intuition, thinking mode and know-how facing related problems. Their tacit knowledge originally unseparable from individuals becomes the knowledge which can be shared by members of the organization, and engineers'successful experiences and failing lessons in early safety alerting and emergency control can be preserved and inherited, reducing and avoiding some accidents of quality securities in common sense.
5) Through site interviews, seminars, and questionnaire survey, the commercialization value and market promotion potential of the "tacit knowledge integration and sharing management system in safety precaution and control of geotechnical engineering enterprises" are appraised. The appraisal results demonstrated that this software system has filled a gap in the market, meeting the realistic demands of geotechnical engineering construction enterprises, thus having high commercial development value.
引文
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