策略驱动的空间信息服务协同自组合关键技术研究
|
摘要
网络化地理空间信息应用正深刻地影响着地理信息的服务方式,国家测绘局已经启动了“地理信息公共服务平台”等计划,以期全面提升地理信息服务的能力和水平。当前,由于网络环境的复杂性,基于网络的地理空间数据共享和互操作还普遍存在着服务语义模糊、服务组合不够动态灵活、服务异常难以处置等问题。另外,在分布式协同服务资源的主动发现、灵活管理等方面也尚无成熟可靠的方法与产品,这都限制了地理空间数据资源的共享和互操作适用性。
本文结合服务计算、自治计算、策略管理以及OGC空间信息服务规范,研究描述空间信息服务协同的共享本体,建立“空间E机构-空间智能体”两层空间信息协同服务模型。通过研究用于服务协同环境的协同控制准则和应用管理策略集,探讨从基于空间E机构的抽象服务流程描述,到具体空间智能体执行实体之间的宏观协同调控方法。研究建立空间E机构的调控模型和空间智能体的具体执行机制,并构建松耦合的两层次服务协同体系,最终实现空间信息服务协同的按需自动建立和自主演化,满足分布式地理空间数据共享和互操作服务系统动态、灵活、快捷、有效、安全的应用需求。本文的具体研究内容如下：
(1)研究空间信息服务分布式协同体系框架,提出“空间E机构-空间智能体”两层空间信息协同服务模型。建立空间信息服务协同的共享本体、协同推理规则以提供语义基础。基于共享本体,研究服务协同管理策略的表示方法。
(2)研究空间E机构协同调控模型,建立以空间E机构方式描述的空间信息服务协同业务规范模板。研究基于软件Agent的空间智能体的组成结构及其内部组件协作方式,以及外部空间信息服务的配置方法和策略驱动的自主管理机制。
(3)基于“空间E机构-空间智能体”协同模型,研究空间E机构宏观业务目标与空间智能体个体行为之间的连接机制,通过策略驱动的自主管理,去宏观调控空间智能体的协同参与行为。制定服务协同环境的协同控制准则和应用管理策略,建立空间E机构的调控模型和空间智能体的具体执行机制,形成松耦合的两层次服务协同体系。
(4)设计基于空间E机构、空间智能体的空间信息分布式协同服务架构原型,并给出一个空间信息服务分布式协同应用实例分析,验证策略驱动的空间信息服务分布式协同基础设施的有效性。
研究表明,本文提出的“空间E机构-空间智能体”两层空间信息协同服务模型,结合了语义本体、Agent、策略管理以及OGC空间信息服务技术,提供了具备一定智能化、自动化的空间信息服务分布式协同处理能力。基于领域共享本体,空间E机构能根据地学对象的描述建立地理空间模型,并表达抽象的空间信息服务协同流程；基于策略驱动的自主管理方式,空间智能体能遵循空间E机构的流程编排,按需组建空间信息服务链,并进行服务协同执行过程的异常监控和处理。本文构建的基于空间E机构调控和多空间智能体协同的松耦合两层次服务协同体系,既提升了空间信息服务协同的智能化表达和灵活管理能力,同时又能减少人工干预。对于促进地理信息公共服务平台在地理信息服务资源的松耦集成、动态装配及管理调度等方面,提供了一种新的思路和实现途径。
Service mode of geographic information are effected by developed applications of geospatial information network significantly. Therefore, recently the national surveying and mapping bureau of China has granted research projects such as "Geographic information public service platform" etc. to enhance the capacity and level of geographic information service. Nowadays, due to the complexity of the web environment, techniques of Web-based geospatial data sharing and interoperation services still facing several common problems e.g. service semantic ambiguity, lack of dynamic and flexible service composition, service exceptions are difficult to dispose etc. Furthermore, regarding to the initiative discovery and flexible management of distributed collaborative service resources, no reliable and well developed methods or products are available, which impedes the applicability of geospatial data/resources sharing and interoperation services.
A two-level geospatial information service collaborative model namely Geospatial E-Institution& Geospatial Agent Model (GEI&GAM) is proposed in this thesis by integrating achievements from four related techniques i.e. services computing, autonomic computing, policy management, and OGC geospatial information service specification. After studying the cooperative control guidelines and application management policy set for the service collaborative environment, methods of macroscopic regulation and control are investigated. These methods cover from abstract service process description of geospatial e-institution to the service chain implementation of specific geospatial agent. Then, control model of geospatial e-institution and specific implementation mechanisms of geospatial agent is established to form the loosely coupled two-level service coordination system. Finally, on-demand automatic creating and independent evolving for geospatial information services coordination are achieved to satisfy the dynamic, flexible, fast, effective and safe applications of geospatial data sharing and interoperation. The main research works are as follows:
1. A two-level geospatial information service collaborative model GEI&GAM is proposed after studied distributed collaborative framework. Shared ontology of collaborative geospatial information services and cooperative reasoning rules to provide semantic foundation are established. Based on shared ontology, representation method of services collaborative management policy is also introduced.
2. Research on cooperative control model of geospatial e-institution is conducted; and business specification template of collaborative geospatial information services described in the way of the geospatial e-institution is established afterwards. Besides, policy-driven self-management mechanism of geospatial agent is studied based on techniques from software agent, composite structure and its internal components collaborative method and external configuration of geospatial information service.
3. According to the collaborative service model of GEI&GAM, link mechanism between macroscopical business objectives of geospatial e-institution and individual behavior of geospatial agent is studied. By means of policy-driven self-management, collaborative acts of geospatial agent is macroscopical regulated. Followed the development of cooperative control guidelines and application management policy set of the service collaborative environment, control model of geospatial e-institution and specific mechanisms for implementation of geospatial agent are established, and loosely coupled system of two-level service coordination is formed.
4. Distributed geospatial information services collaborative architecture prototype based on GEI&GAM is designed, and an application of the prototype is given to verify the effectiveness of the infrastructure.
The results show this proposed GEI&GAM collaborative service model, which combines techniques from semantic ontology, Agent, policy management and OGC geospatial information services is able to provide intelligent, automated distributed collaborative processing capability for geospatial information. Using shared ontology, geospatial e-institution is able to establish geospatial model and abstract geospatial information collaborative service process; besides using policy-driven self-management, geospatial agent is capable of following the process of geospatial e-institution to form geospatial information service chain on demand, and monitoring/handling exception of service coordination. This loosely coupled two-level system promotes intelligent expression and flexible management of geospatial information service, and lessens human intervention. It also provides a new way for geographic information public service platform in the loose coupling integration, dynamic assembly and management of service resources.
本文结合服务计算、自治计算、策略管理以及OGC空间信息服务规范,研究描述空间信息服务协同的共享本体,建立“空间E机构-空间智能体”两层空间信息协同服务模型。通过研究用于服务协同环境的协同控制准则和应用管理策略集,探讨从基于空间E机构的抽象服务流程描述,到具体空间智能体执行实体之间的宏观协同调控方法。研究建立空间E机构的调控模型和空间智能体的具体执行机制,并构建松耦合的两层次服务协同体系,最终实现空间信息服务协同的按需自动建立和自主演化,满足分布式地理空间数据共享和互操作服务系统动态、灵活、快捷、有效、安全的应用需求。本文的具体研究内容如下：
(1)研究空间信息服务分布式协同体系框架,提出“空间E机构-空间智能体”两层空间信息协同服务模型。建立空间信息服务协同的共享本体、协同推理规则以提供语义基础。基于共享本体,研究服务协同管理策略的表示方法。
(2)研究空间E机构协同调控模型,建立以空间E机构方式描述的空间信息服务协同业务规范模板。研究基于软件Agent的空间智能体的组成结构及其内部组件协作方式,以及外部空间信息服务的配置方法和策略驱动的自主管理机制。
(3)基于“空间E机构-空间智能体”协同模型,研究空间E机构宏观业务目标与空间智能体个体行为之间的连接机制,通过策略驱动的自主管理,去宏观调控空间智能体的协同参与行为。制定服务协同环境的协同控制准则和应用管理策略,建立空间E机构的调控模型和空间智能体的具体执行机制,形成松耦合的两层次服务协同体系。
(4)设计基于空间E机构、空间智能体的空间信息分布式协同服务架构原型,并给出一个空间信息服务分布式协同应用实例分析,验证策略驱动的空间信息服务分布式协同基础设施的有效性。
研究表明,本文提出的“空间E机构-空间智能体”两层空间信息协同服务模型,结合了语义本体、Agent、策略管理以及OGC空间信息服务技术,提供了具备一定智能化、自动化的空间信息服务分布式协同处理能力。基于领域共享本体,空间E机构能根据地学对象的描述建立地理空间模型,并表达抽象的空间信息服务协同流程；基于策略驱动的自主管理方式,空间智能体能遵循空间E机构的流程编排,按需组建空间信息服务链,并进行服务协同执行过程的异常监控和处理。本文构建的基于空间E机构调控和多空间智能体协同的松耦合两层次服务协同体系,既提升了空间信息服务协同的智能化表达和灵活管理能力,同时又能减少人工干预。对于促进地理信息公共服务平台在地理信息服务资源的松耦集成、动态装配及管理调度等方面,提供了一种新的思路和实现途径。
Service mode of geographic information are effected by developed applications of geospatial information network significantly. Therefore, recently the national surveying and mapping bureau of China has granted research projects such as "Geographic information public service platform" etc. to enhance the capacity and level of geographic information service. Nowadays, due to the complexity of the web environment, techniques of Web-based geospatial data sharing and interoperation services still facing several common problems e.g. service semantic ambiguity, lack of dynamic and flexible service composition, service exceptions are difficult to dispose etc. Furthermore, regarding to the initiative discovery and flexible management of distributed collaborative service resources, no reliable and well developed methods or products are available, which impedes the applicability of geospatial data/resources sharing and interoperation services.
A two-level geospatial information service collaborative model namely Geospatial E-Institution& Geospatial Agent Model (GEI&GAM) is proposed in this thesis by integrating achievements from four related techniques i.e. services computing, autonomic computing, policy management, and OGC geospatial information service specification. After studying the cooperative control guidelines and application management policy set for the service collaborative environment, methods of macroscopic regulation and control are investigated. These methods cover from abstract service process description of geospatial e-institution to the service chain implementation of specific geospatial agent. Then, control model of geospatial e-institution and specific implementation mechanisms of geospatial agent is established to form the loosely coupled two-level service coordination system. Finally, on-demand automatic creating and independent evolving for geospatial information services coordination are achieved to satisfy the dynamic, flexible, fast, effective and safe applications of geospatial data sharing and interoperation. The main research works are as follows:
1. A two-level geospatial information service collaborative model GEI&GAM is proposed after studied distributed collaborative framework. Shared ontology of collaborative geospatial information services and cooperative reasoning rules to provide semantic foundation are established. Based on shared ontology, representation method of services collaborative management policy is also introduced.
2. Research on cooperative control model of geospatial e-institution is conducted; and business specification template of collaborative geospatial information services described in the way of the geospatial e-institution is established afterwards. Besides, policy-driven self-management mechanism of geospatial agent is studied based on techniques from software agent, composite structure and its internal components collaborative method and external configuration of geospatial information service.
3. According to the collaborative service model of GEI&GAM, link mechanism between macroscopical business objectives of geospatial e-institution and individual behavior of geospatial agent is studied. By means of policy-driven self-management, collaborative acts of geospatial agent is macroscopical regulated. Followed the development of cooperative control guidelines and application management policy set of the service collaborative environment, control model of geospatial e-institution and specific mechanisms for implementation of geospatial agent are established, and loosely coupled system of two-level service coordination is formed.
4. Distributed geospatial information services collaborative architecture prototype based on GEI&GAM is designed, and an application of the prototype is given to verify the effectiveness of the infrastructure.
The results show this proposed GEI&GAM collaborative service model, which combines techniques from semantic ontology, Agent, policy management and OGC geospatial information services is able to provide intelligent, automated distributed collaborative processing capability for geospatial information. Using shared ontology, geospatial e-institution is able to establish geospatial model and abstract geospatial information collaborative service process; besides using policy-driven self-management, geospatial agent is capable of following the process of geospatial e-institution to form geospatial information service chain on demand, and monitoring/handling exception of service coordination. This loosely coupled two-level system promotes intelligent expression and flexible management of geospatial information service, and lessens human intervention. It also provides a new way for geographic information public service platform in the loose coupling integration, dynamic assembly and management of service resources.
引文
陈建杰,杨树锋,李长江.一种基于本体的空间信息Web服务实现方法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(3)：376-380.
陈建军,周成虎,王敬贵.地理本体的研究进展与分析[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3)：81-90.
陈军,丁明柱,蒋捷,周旭,翟勇,朱武.从离线数据提供到在线地理信息服务[J].地理信息世界,2009a,2：6-9.
陈军,蒋捷,周旭,翟勇,朱武,丁明柱.地理信息公共服务平台的总体技术设计研究[J].地理信息世界,2009b,3：7-11.
陈荦.分布式地理空间数据服务集成技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].湖南：国防科技大学,2005.
陈潇,周建国,晏蒲柳.策略驱动的多代理系统及其在QoS管理中的应用[J].计算机工程,2005,31(19)：73-75.
崔巍.用本体实现地理信息系统语义集成和互操作[D]：[博士学位论文].湖北：武汉大学,2004.
崔巍,蒋天发.地理本体Agent在紧急状态决策过程中的语义互操作[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2007,40(1)：126-129.
段学庆.基于Ontology的语义地理信息共享与互操作技术的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].江苏：江苏大学,2007.
国家测绘局.测绘科技发展“十一五”规划[EB/OL]. http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/ghjh/chgh/200709/20070900000278.shtml,2007.
郭华东.数字地球：10年发展与前瞻[J].地球科学进展,2009a,24(9)：955-962.
郭华东.人类的信息家园——数字地球[J].中国国家天文,2009b,11：74-77.
国家测绘局.地理信息公共服务平台规划[G].北京：国家测绘局,2008.
国家测绘局.地理信息公共服务平台技术指南[G].北京：国家测绘局,2009.
胡军,高济.面向自治计算的基于政策的多agent协同体系研究[D]：[博士学位论文].浙江：浙江大学,2006.
胡军,王柏昀.政策描述规范的研究综述[J].计算机应用研究,2009,26(4)：1217-1221.
黄茂军,杜清运,吴运超,李凤丹.地理本体及其应用初探[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(4)：1-5.
黄晓斌.基于GeoAgent的空间信息服务与应用集成研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：北京大学,2002.
蒋玲,龚健雅.基于OWL-S的地理信息服务描述和发现[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2007,30(05)：19-22.
景东升.基于本体的地理空间信息语义表达和服务研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2005.
李宏伟,成毅,李勤超.地理本体与地理信息服务[M].西安：西安地图出版社,2008.
李霖,朱海红,王红,李德仁.基于形式本体的基础地理信息语义分析—以陆地水系要素类为例[J].测绘学报,2008,37(2)：230-235.
李琦,黄晓斌.基于GeoAgent的地理信息服务[J].测绘通报,2002,6：44-47.
李伟,刘仁义.基于多智能体混合协同交流模型的协同GIS研究与设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(8)：1383-1388.
刘书雷.基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].湖南：国防科学技术大学,2006.
罗华东.BPM标准一览[EB/OL]. http://dev2dev.weblogicfans.net/blog/luohd/200805/bpm_bpel_xpdl_17_1037.html,2008.
罗英伟.基于Agent的分布式地理信息系统研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：北京大学,1999.
马修军,陈斌,方裕,孙岩峰.基于P2P的空间信息服务组合执行引擎[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(5)：446-451.
孙敏,陈秀万,张飞舟.地理信息本体论[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(3)：6-11.
汤大权,唐九阳,肖卫东.地理信息本体开发方法及应用[J].地理空间信息,2008,6(1)：37-40.
维基百科.本体(信息科学)[EB/OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93_(%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E 7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6),2008.
吴斐,景东升,毕思文.基于Web Service和OWL-S的地理空间信息语义服务[J].计算机应用,2006,26(6)：231-241.
吴焕萍.地理信息Web服务集成关键技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：北京大学,2005.
吴明光,谢耕,原传刚.GridGIS若干关键技术研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2006,23(6)：415-417.
王强,王家耀,郭建忠.基于Agent的空间信息服务组合研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(1)：60-63.
王行风.基于COM+和Agent技术的DGIS研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].江苏：南京大学,2003.
谢储晖,郭达志.基于语义Web的空间信息共享服务[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(10)：2674-2680.
薛漫芝.移动Agent在位置信息服务系统中的应用[D]：[硕士学位论文].浙江：浙江工业大学,2008.
杨霞.地理信息服务组合与空间分析服务研究[D]：[博士学位论文].湖北：武汉大学,2004.
姚鹤岭.GIS Web服务研究[M].郑州：黄河水利出版社,2007.
张鹏亮,杨建刚.基于多Agent的策略驱动网络管理体系结构[J].计算机应用,2005,25(8)：1753-1755.
祝玉华,王家耀.基于Agent的分布式地理信息查找与获取技术[J].计算机工程,2005,31(14)：213-215.
Agrawal D., Lee K.W., Lobo J. Policy-based management of networked computing systems[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE,2005,43(10):69-75.
Agustina B., Ale J.C. Towards Integration of Geographic Information Systems[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2007,168(2):45-59.
Ai T., Wang C.X., Xie Y. Analysis of State Management in Web Services and Various Extensions[EB/OL]. http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/-wangxb/5505_final_report_XieYong.pdf,2004.
Alam A., Subbiah G., Khan L., Thuraisingham B. DAGIS:A geospatial semantic web services discovery and selection framework[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2007,4853 LNCS: 268-277.
Alameh N. Chaining geographic information Web services[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2003,7(5): 22-29.
Andrews T., Curbera F., Dholakia H., et al. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS)v1.1[S]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-bpel/,2003.
Australian ASDI. Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure [EB/OL]. http://www.anzlic.org.au/infrastructure_ASDI.html
BPML. Business Process Management Initiative. Business Process Modeling Language v1.0[S]. http://www.bpmi.org,2002.
Bratman M.E., Israel D.J., and Pollack M.E. Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning[J]. Computational Intelligence,1988,4:349-355.
Brent. The five missing pieces of SOA[M]. USA:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.,2004.
Brooks R.A. Intelligence without reason[C]. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91). Sydney, Australia,1991, pp.569-595.
Canadian CGDI. Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure [EB/OL]. http://www.cgdi.gc.ca/en/index.html
Casati F., Sayal M., and Shan M.C. Developing e-services for composing e-services[C]. The 13th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2001). Interlaken, Switzerland. Lecture Notes In Computer Science,2001,2068:171-186.
CEOS. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites[EB/OL]. http://www.ceos.org/
Charalambides et al. Policy conflict analysis for quality of service management[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY'05). Washington, DC, USA,2005, pp.99-108.
Clark J., Casanave C., Kanaskie K., Harvey B., Clark J., Smith N., Yunker J., Riemer K. ebXML Business Process Specification Schema Version 1.01 [S]. http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebBPSS.pdf,2001.
Cui W., Jiang T. Semantic interoperability of GeoAgent based on ontology[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2007,40(1):126-129. (In Chinese)
Czajkowski K. WS-Resource Framework, Version 1.0[S]. http://www.globus.org/wsrf/specs/ws-wsrf.pdf,2004.
Damianou N., Dulay N., Lupu E.C., Sloman M.S. Ponder:A Language for Specifying Security and Management Policies for Distributed Systems, Version 2.3[S]. London:Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing,2000.
Damianou N.C. A policy framework for management of distributed systems[D]. London:Faculty of Engineering, University of London,2002.
Di L., Zhao P., Yang W., Yu G, and Yue P. Intelligent geospatial web services[C]. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). Seoul, Korea,2005, pp.1229-1232.
Di L. GeoBrain-A Web Services based Geospatial Knowledge Building System[C]. In Proceedings of NASA Earth Science Technology Conference 2004, Palo Alto, CA, USA,2006,8pp. CD-ROM.
Di L., Yue P., Yang W.L., et al. Ontology-supported automatic service chaining for geospatial knowledge discovery[C]. In Proceedings of American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS 2007 Annual Conference). Tampa, Florida, USA,2007,10pp. CD-ROM.
ebPML. Business Process Modeling Language[S]. http://www.ebpml.org/bpml.htm,2002.
Egenhofer M. Toward the semantic geospatial web[C]. Tenth ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. McLean, Virginia, USA,2002, pp.1-4.
Einspanier U., Lutz M., Senkler K., Simonis I., and Sliwinski A. Toward a process model for giservice composition[C]. In GI-Tage (GI Days), Institute for Geoinformatics:Munster, Germany,2003, pp.31-46.
ERDAS Corp. ERDAS Image Web Server[EB/OL]. http://iws.erdas.com/
ESAG-POD. Earth Observation Grid Processing on Demand[EB/OL]. http://gpod.eo.esa.int/
ESRI Corp. Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., and ISO Standards[EB/OL]. http://www.esri.com/technology-topics/standards/standards_tables.html,2010.
Fernandez-Lopez, M., Gomez-Perez, A. Overview and Analysis of methodologies for building ontologies[J]. Knowledge Engineering Review (KER),2002,17(2):129-156.
FGDC. National Spatial Data Infrastructure [EB/OL]. http://www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html,2007.
FGDC. External standards organizations [EB/OL]. http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/organization/external-standards-organizations,2009.
Fonseca F., Egenhofer M., Agouris P. And Camara G. Using Ontologies for Intergrated Geographic Information Systems[J]. Transactions in GIS,2002,6(3):231-57.
Frank A.U. Tiers of ontology and consistency constraints in geographic information systems[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Special Issue on Ontology of Geographic Information,2001,15(7):667-678.
Frank A.U. Ontology for spatio-temporal databases. In:Sellis T., et al. Spatio-Temporal Databases[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2003,2520:9-77.
Frederico T., Egenhofer M. Ontology-driven geographic information systems[C].7th ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. Kansas City, MO,1999, pp. 14-19.
Fredrik A. and Annika F.E. Ontologies Ⅰ[EB/OL]. http://www.ida.liu.se/～janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologiesl.pdf,2008-11-26.
Gao G.Y., Wang S.K. A multi-Agent system architecture for geographic information gathering[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2004,5(11):1367-1373.
Gomez-Perez A., Fernandez M., De Informtica F., et al. Towards a Method to Conceptualize Domain Ontologies[C]. In Workshop on Ontological Engineering, ECAI'96. Budapest, Hungary,1996, pp. 41-52.
Granell C., Diaz L., and Gould M. Managing earth observation data with distributed geoprocessing services[C]. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2007). Barcelona, Spain,2007a, pp.4777-4780.
Granell C., Diaz L., Gould M., Pascual V., Guimet J., Carrara P., and Pepe M. Developing geoprocessing services for a hydrological model application[C]. In Proceedings of 27th EARSeL Symposium:Geoinformation in Europe (EARSeL 2007). Bolzano, Italy,2007b, pp. 369-376.
Grigoris A., Frankvan H. A Semantic web primer[M]. Cambirdge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press,2004.
Harding J. Geo-ontology Concepts and Issues[EB/OL]. http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/,2002.
Ipfelkofer F., Lorenz B., Ohlbach H.J. Ontology Driven Visualisation of Maps with SVG-Technical Aspects[C]. In Proceedings of 1st Asian Semantic Web Conference (ASWC2006). Beijing, China,2006, pp.329-335.
ISO19119/OGC Topic12. The OpenGIS Service Architecture, Version 4.3[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1221,2002.
ISO/TC211. Geographic information Services[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1221,2001-09-14.
Jaeger E., Altintas I., Zhang J., Ludascher B., Pennington D., Michener W. A scientific workflow approach to distributed geospatial data processing using web services[C]. In 17th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM'05). Santa Barbara, CA,2005, pp.87-90.
Jennings N.R., and Wittig T. "ARCHON:Theroy and Practice" in Distributed Artificial Intelligence: Theroy and Praxis (eds. N. M. Avouris and L. Gasser), Kluwer Academic Press,1992, pp. 179-195.
Jia W.J., Gong J.Y., Li B. GIS Integration and Interoperability Based On GIS Service Chain[C]. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). Seoul, Korea,2005, pp.4962-4965.
Jin H., Chen H.H., Lu Z.P., et al. Q-SAC:toward QoS optimized service autcmatic composition[C]. 5th IEEE/ACM International Symposiwn on Cluster Computer and the Grid (CCGRID). Cardiff, UK,2005,2:623-630.
Jones C.B., Abdelmoty A.I., Finch D., et al. The SPIRIT Spatial Search Engine:Architecture, Ontologies and Spatial Indexing[C]. In Geographic Information Science:Third International Conference, GIScience 2004. Adelphi, Md, USA,2004, pp.125-139.
Kaelbling L.P. An architecture for intelligent reactive systems[C]. In Georgeff, M. P. and Lansky, A. L., editors, Reasoning About Actions& Plans-Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop. San Mateo, CA,1986, pp.395-410.
Kagal L. Rei:a policy language for the Me-Centric project, HPL-2002-270[R]. Palo Alto:Enterprise Systems Data Management Laboratory, HP Laboratories,2002.
Kagal L., Finin T., Joshi A. A policy language for a pervasive computing environment [C]. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Policy for Distributed Systems and Networks. Los Alamitos, CA,2003, pp.63-76.
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie. OntoEdit[EB/OL]. http://www.ontoknowledge.org/tools/ontoedit.shtml
Kavouras M., Kokla M. and Tomai E. Comparing Categories among geographic ontologies[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2005,31(2):145-154.
Klien E., Einspanier U., Lutz M., et al. An Architecture for Ontology-Based Discovery and Retrieval of Geographic Information[C]. Proceedings 7th Conference on Geographic Information Science. AGILE 2004. Heraklion, Greece,2004, pp.179-188.
Klien E., Lutz M., Kuhn W. Ontology-based discovery of geographic information services-An application in disaster management[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2006, 30(1):102-123.
Kuhn W. and Raubal M. Implementing Sematic Reference Systems[C].6th Conference on Geographic Information Science (AGILE 2003). Lyon, France, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes,2003, pp.63-72.
Language and Computing Corp. LinKFactory[EB/OL]. http://www.landcglobal.com/pages/linkfactory.php
Li X., Ye J., Liu X., Yang Q. Geographical simulation system:Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent[M]. China:Science Press,2007. (In Chinese)
Liao B.S., et al. Ontology-based conceptual modeling of policy-driven control framework:oriented to multi-agent system for web services management[C]. In Proceedings of Advanced Workshop on Content Computing. Berlin, Germany,2004a, pp.346-356.
Liao B.S., et al. A policy-driven multi-agent system for OGSA-compliant grid control[C]. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. New York,USA, 2004b, pp.5525-5530.
Ludascher B., Altintas I., Berkley C., Higgins D., Jaeger E., Jones M., Lee E., Tao J., Zhao Y. Scientific workflow management and the kepler system[J]. Concurrency and Computation (special issue on scientific workflows),2005,18(10):1039-1065.
Luo Y.W., Wang X.L. Research on the Geo-Agents[J]. Journal of Computer Research &Development,2000,32(121):1504-1511.
Luo Y., Xue Y., Wu C., Hu Y., Guo J., Wan W., Zheng L., Cai G., Zhong S., and Wang Z. A remote sensing application workflow and its implementation in remote sensing service grid node[C]. International Conference on Computational Science 2006 (ICCS2006). Reading, UK,2006, 3991 LNCS:292-299.
Lutz M., Klien E. Ontology-based retrieval of geographic information[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2006,20(03):233-260.
Lv J., Ma X., Tao X., Xu F., Hu H. Research and development of Internetware[J]. Science in China (Series E:Information Sciences),2006,36(10):1037-1080. (In Chinese)
Mark D., Egenhofer M., Hornsby K. Formal Models of Commonsense Geographic Worlds[EB/OL]. Report on the Specialist Meeting of Research Initiative 21 Santa Barbara, CA:National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Report97-2. http://www.geog.buffalo.edu/ncgia/i21/i21report.html,1997.
Mcllraith S., Son T., Zeng H. Semantic Web Services[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001,16(2): 46-53.
Michael L. Ontology-Based Descriptions for Semantic Discovery and Composition of Geoprocessing Services[C]. Geoinformatica 2007. San Diego, USA,2007,11:1-36.
Microsoft Corp. MapPoint Web Services[EB/OL]. http://www.microsoft.com/mappoint/.
Muruganantha N., Lutfiyya H. Policy Specification and Architecture for Quality of Service Management[EB/OL]. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8495/26863/01194209.pdf?tp=&arnumber=1194209&isnumber= 26863,2004.
Narayanan S., Mcllraith S. Simulation, Verification and Automated Composition of Web Service[C]. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International World Wide Web Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA,2002, pp.77-88.
NASA ECHO. Earth Observing System Clearinghouse[EB/OL]. http://www.echo.nasa.gov/
NASA GCMD. Globe Change Master Directory[EB/OL]. http://gcmd.nasa.gov/
Naveen S., Massimo P., Katia S. Adding OWL-S to UDDI, implementation and throughput[C]. In proceeding of Semantic Web Service and Web Process Composition (SWSWPC 2004). San Diego, California, USA,2004, pp.6-9.
NOAA NOMADS. National Operational Model Archive& Distribution System[EB/OL]. http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/
OASIS. ebXML Business Process Specification Schema Version 1.01[S]. http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebBPSS.pdf,2001-5-11.
OASIS. UDDI Spec Technical Committee Specification[S]. http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi-v3.00-published-20020719.htm,2002-7-19.
OGC. Topic 12-The OpenGIS Service Architecture[EB/OL]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1221,2001-9-14.
OGC. Web Services Architecture[EB/OL]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id= 1320,2003-1-18.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Feature Service Implementation Specification[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=8339,2005-5-3.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Map Server Implementation Specification[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=14416,2006-3-15.
OGC. OpenGIS Catalogue Services Specification[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=20555,2007-2-23.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Processing Service[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=24151,2007-6-08.
OGC. CSW-ebRIM Registry Service-Part 1:ebRIM profile of CSW (1.0.1)[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=31137,2007.
OGC. Web Services Initiative-Phase 5 (OWS-5) Annex B:OWS-5 Architecture[EB/OL]. http://www.opengeospatial.org,2007-05-11.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Coverage Service Implementation Standard[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=27297,2008-3-19.
Oracle Corp. Oracle Spatial& Oracle Locator:Location Features for Oracle Database 11g[EB/OL]. http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/index.html
Ovum Ltd. Intelligent agents:The new revolution in software[M]. London:Ovum Publication,1994.
OWL-S 1.2 Pre-Release. OWL-S:Semantic Markup for Web Services, version 1.2[S]. http://www.ai.sri.com/daml/services/owl-s/1.2/,2006.
Rao J., Kungas P., Matskin M. Logic-based Web Services Composition:Prom Service Description to Process Model[C]. In Proceeding of the Third International Conference on Web Services (ICWS). San Diego, USA,2004, pp.446-453.
Raskin and Pan. Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET) [EB/OL]. http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/,2005.
Schut P. OpenGIS(?) Web Processing Service, Version:1.0.0[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/modules/admin/license_agreement.php?suppressHeaders=0&ac cess_license_id=3&target=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/index.php?artifact_id=24151, 2007.
Smith B., Mark D. Ontology and geographic kinds[C]. In Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling (SDH'98). International Geographical Union, Vancouver,1998. pp. 308-320.
Stanford University. Protege[EB/OL]. http://protege.stanford.edu/
Strassner J., Raymer D. Implementing Next Generation Services Using Policy-Based Management and Autonomic Computing Principles[C]. Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 2006. Vancouver, Canada,2006, pp.1-15.
Tang C., Feng S., Xu L.D. A Geographical Information System Based on Agent Architecture[J]. Journal of Software,2001,12(6):791-801.
Tang J.F., Zhou B., He Z.J. Policy driven and multi-agent based fault tolerance for Web services[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2005,6A(7):676-682.
Tao C.V. Online GIServices[J]. Journal of Geospatial Engineering,2001,3(2):135-143.
TerraServer Corp. The Leader in Online Imagery[EB/OL]. http://www.terraserver.com/.
Tom G. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. In:Knowledge Acquisition.1993, 5(2):199-221.
Tsou M., Buttenfield B.P. An Agent-based Communication Mechanism for Distributing Geographic Information Services on the Internet[EB/OL]. http://map.sdsu.edu/publications/gis2000tsou.pdf,2000.
Tsou M.H. and Buttenfield B.P. A Dynamic Architecture for Distributed Geographic Information Services[J]. Transactions in GIS,2002,6(4):355-381.
UK NGDF. National Geospatial Data Framework[EB/OL]. http://www.ngdf.org.uk/
UN/CEFACT TMG.UN/CEFACT modeling methodology, revision 12[EB/OL]. http://www.untmg.org,2003.
University of Manchester. OilEd[EB/OL]. http://oiled.man.ac.uk/
University of Maryland. Swoop[EB/OL]. http://www.mindswap.org/2004/SWOOP/
Uttamchandani S., Alvarez G. A., and Agha G. DecisionQoS:an adaptive, self-evolving QoS arbitration module for storage systems[C]. Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY'04). Yorktown, NY, USA,2004, pp.67-76.
Uszok A., Bradshaw J.M., Jeffers R., Suri N., Hayes P., Breedy M.R., Bunch L., Johnson M., Kulkarni S., Lott J. KAoS Policy and Domain Services:Toward a Description-Logic Approach to Policy Representation, Deconfliction and Enforcement[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policy 2003. Como, Italy,2003, pp.93-98.
van der Aalst W.M.P., Dumas M., ter Hofstede A.H.M., Wohed P. Pattern-Based Analysis of BPML (and WSCI)[EB/OL]. http://xml.coverpages.org/Aalst-BPML.pdf,2002.
W3C. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1 [S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508/,2000.
W3C. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1 [S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl,2001.
W3C. Web Service Choreography Interface (WSCI) 1.0[S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/,2002.
W3C. Web Services Architecture[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-arch-20040211/#defs,2004a-2-11.
W3C. OWL Web Ontology Language Overview[S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/,2004b.
W3C. Resource Description Framework (RDF)[S]. http://www.w3.org/RDF/,2004c.
W3C. RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0:RDF Schema[S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/RDF-Schema/,2004d.
W3C. DAML+OIL (March 2001) Reference Description[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/daml+oil-reference/,2004e.
W3C. SWRL:A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML[S]. http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/,2004f.
WFMC. XPDL Support and Resources[EB/OL]. http://www.wfmc.org/xpdl.html
Wiegand N., Zhou N. Ontology-based geospatial web query system[C]. Proceedings of international workshop on next generation geospatial inform ation (NG21). Boston, USA,2003, pp.57-68
Wittig T. ARCHON:An Architecture For Multi-agent Systems[M]. Ellis Horwood Chichester,1992.
Wohed P., van der Aalst W.M.P., Dumas M., ter Hofstede A.H.M. Analysis of Web Services Composition Languages:The Case of BPEL4WS[C]. In Proceeding of 22nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Chicago IL, USA, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003,2813:200-215.
Wooldridge M., Jennings N.R. Intelligent agents:Theory and practice[R]. The Knowledge Engineering Review,1995,10:115-152.
Xu X.B., Wu Q.Y., Wang Q.M. Automatic geospatial information Web service composition based on ontology interface matching[C]. In Proceeding of SPIE (Geoinformatics 2008). Guangzhou, China,2008,7143:71430A-11.
Yue P., Di L.P., Yang W.L., Yu G.N., Zhao P.S. Path planning for chaining geospatial web services[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2006,4295 LNCS:214-226.
Yue P., Di L.P., Yang W.L., et al. Semantics-based automatic composition of geospatial Web service chains[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2007,33(5):649-665.
Yue P., Gong J.Y., Di L.P. Automatic Transformation from Semantic Description to Syntactic Specification for Geo-Processing Service Chains[C]. Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems,8th International Symposium, W2GIS 2008. Shanghai, China,2008, pp. 50-62.
Zaharia R., Vasiliu L., Badica C. Semi-automatic composition of geospatial web services using JBoss rules[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2008,5321 LNCS:166-173.
Zhao P.S., Di L.P., Yu G.N., Yue P., Wei Y.X., Yang W.L. Semantic Web-based geospatial knowledge transformation[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2009,35:798-808.
Zhao Z.L., Boualem B., Ngu Anne H.H., et al. QoS-aware middleware for Web services composition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2004,30(5):311-327.
陈建军,周成虎,王敬贵.地理本体的研究进展与分析[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3)：81-90.
陈军,丁明柱,蒋捷,周旭,翟勇,朱武.从离线数据提供到在线地理信息服务[J].地理信息世界,2009a,2：6-9.
陈军,蒋捷,周旭,翟勇,朱武,丁明柱.地理信息公共服务平台的总体技术设计研究[J].地理信息世界,2009b,3：7-11.
陈荦.分布式地理空间数据服务集成技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].湖南：国防科技大学,2005.
陈潇,周建国,晏蒲柳.策略驱动的多代理系统及其在QoS管理中的应用[J].计算机工程,2005,31(19)：73-75.
崔巍.用本体实现地理信息系统语义集成和互操作[D]：[博士学位论文].湖北：武汉大学,2004.
崔巍,蒋天发.地理本体Agent在紧急状态决策过程中的语义互操作[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2007,40(1)：126-129.
段学庆.基于Ontology的语义地理信息共享与互操作技术的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].江苏：江苏大学,2007.
国家测绘局.测绘科技发展“十一五”规划[EB/OL]. http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/ghjh/chgh/200709/20070900000278.shtml,2007.
郭华东.数字地球：10年发展与前瞻[J].地球科学进展,2009a,24(9)：955-962.
郭华东.人类的信息家园——数字地球[J].中国国家天文,2009b,11：74-77.
国家测绘局.地理信息公共服务平台规划[G].北京：国家测绘局,2008.
国家测绘局.地理信息公共服务平台技术指南[G].北京：国家测绘局,2009.
胡军,高济.面向自治计算的基于政策的多agent协同体系研究[D]：[博士学位论文].浙江：浙江大学,2006.
胡军,王柏昀.政策描述规范的研究综述[J].计算机应用研究,2009,26(4)：1217-1221.
黄茂军,杜清运,吴运超,李凤丹.地理本体及其应用初探[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(4)：1-5.
黄晓斌.基于GeoAgent的空间信息服务与应用集成研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：北京大学,2002.
蒋玲,龚健雅.基于OWL-S的地理信息服务描述和发现[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2007,30(05)：19-22.
景东升.基于本体的地理空间信息语义表达和服务研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2005.
李宏伟,成毅,李勤超.地理本体与地理信息服务[M].西安：西安地图出版社,2008.
李霖,朱海红,王红,李德仁.基于形式本体的基础地理信息语义分析—以陆地水系要素类为例[J].测绘学报,2008,37(2)：230-235.
李琦,黄晓斌.基于GeoAgent的地理信息服务[J].测绘通报,2002,6：44-47.
李伟,刘仁义.基于多智能体混合协同交流模型的协同GIS研究与设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(8)：1383-1388.
刘书雷.基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].湖南：国防科学技术大学,2006.
罗华东.BPM标准一览[EB/OL]. http://dev2dev.weblogicfans.net/blog/luohd/200805/bpm_bpel_xpdl_17_1037.html,2008.
罗英伟.基于Agent的分布式地理信息系统研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：北京大学,1999.
马修军,陈斌,方裕,孙岩峰.基于P2P的空间信息服务组合执行引擎[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(5)：446-451.
孙敏,陈秀万,张飞舟.地理信息本体论[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(3)：6-11.
汤大权,唐九阳,肖卫东.地理信息本体开发方法及应用[J].地理空间信息,2008,6(1)：37-40.
维基百科.本体(信息科学)[EB/OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93_(%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E 7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6),2008.
吴斐,景东升,毕思文.基于Web Service和OWL-S的地理空间信息语义服务[J].计算机应用,2006,26(6)：231-241.
吴焕萍.地理信息Web服务集成关键技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].北京：北京大学,2005.
吴明光,谢耕,原传刚.GridGIS若干关键技术研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2006,23(6)：415-417.
王强,王家耀,郭建忠.基于Agent的空间信息服务组合研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(1)：60-63.
王行风.基于COM+和Agent技术的DGIS研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].江苏：南京大学,2003.
谢储晖,郭达志.基于语义Web的空间信息共享服务[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(10)：2674-2680.
薛漫芝.移动Agent在位置信息服务系统中的应用[D]：[硕士学位论文].浙江：浙江工业大学,2008.
杨霞.地理信息服务组合与空间分析服务研究[D]：[博士学位论文].湖北：武汉大学,2004.
姚鹤岭.GIS Web服务研究[M].郑州：黄河水利出版社,2007.
张鹏亮,杨建刚.基于多Agent的策略驱动网络管理体系结构[J].计算机应用,2005,25(8)：1753-1755.
祝玉华,王家耀.基于Agent的分布式地理信息查找与获取技术[J].计算机工程,2005,31(14)：213-215.
Agrawal D., Lee K.W., Lobo J. Policy-based management of networked computing systems[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE,2005,43(10):69-75.
Agustina B., Ale J.C. Towards Integration of Geographic Information Systems[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2007,168(2):45-59.
Ai T., Wang C.X., Xie Y. Analysis of State Management in Web Services and Various Extensions[EB/OL]. http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/-wangxb/5505_final_report_XieYong.pdf,2004.
Alam A., Subbiah G., Khan L., Thuraisingham B. DAGIS:A geospatial semantic web services discovery and selection framework[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2007,4853 LNCS: 268-277.
Alameh N. Chaining geographic information Web services[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2003,7(5): 22-29.
Andrews T., Curbera F., Dholakia H., et al. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS)v1.1[S]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-bpel/,2003.
Australian ASDI. Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure [EB/OL]. http://www.anzlic.org.au/infrastructure_ASDI.html
BPML. Business Process Management Initiative. Business Process Modeling Language v1.0[S]. http://www.bpmi.org,2002.
Bratman M.E., Israel D.J., and Pollack M.E. Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning[J]. Computational Intelligence,1988,4:349-355.
Brent. The five missing pieces of SOA[M]. USA:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.,2004.
Brooks R.A. Intelligence without reason[C]. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91). Sydney, Australia,1991, pp.569-595.
Canadian CGDI. Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure [EB/OL]. http://www.cgdi.gc.ca/en/index.html
Casati F., Sayal M., and Shan M.C. Developing e-services for composing e-services[C]. The 13th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2001). Interlaken, Switzerland. Lecture Notes In Computer Science,2001,2068:171-186.
CEOS. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites[EB/OL]. http://www.ceos.org/
Charalambides et al. Policy conflict analysis for quality of service management[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY'05). Washington, DC, USA,2005, pp.99-108.
Clark J., Casanave C., Kanaskie K., Harvey B., Clark J., Smith N., Yunker J., Riemer K. ebXML Business Process Specification Schema Version 1.01 [S]. http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebBPSS.pdf,2001.
Cui W., Jiang T. Semantic interoperability of GeoAgent based on ontology[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2007,40(1):126-129. (In Chinese)
Czajkowski K. WS-Resource Framework, Version 1.0[S]. http://www.globus.org/wsrf/specs/ws-wsrf.pdf,2004.
Damianou N., Dulay N., Lupu E.C., Sloman M.S. Ponder:A Language for Specifying Security and Management Policies for Distributed Systems, Version 2.3[S]. London:Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing,2000.
Damianou N.C. A policy framework for management of distributed systems[D]. London:Faculty of Engineering, University of London,2002.
Di L., Zhao P., Yang W., Yu G, and Yue P. Intelligent geospatial web services[C]. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). Seoul, Korea,2005, pp.1229-1232.
Di L. GeoBrain-A Web Services based Geospatial Knowledge Building System[C]. In Proceedings of NASA Earth Science Technology Conference 2004, Palo Alto, CA, USA,2006,8pp. CD-ROM.
Di L., Yue P., Yang W.L., et al. Ontology-supported automatic service chaining for geospatial knowledge discovery[C]. In Proceedings of American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS 2007 Annual Conference). Tampa, Florida, USA,2007,10pp. CD-ROM.
ebPML. Business Process Modeling Language[S]. http://www.ebpml.org/bpml.htm,2002.
Egenhofer M. Toward the semantic geospatial web[C]. Tenth ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. McLean, Virginia, USA,2002, pp.1-4.
Einspanier U., Lutz M., Senkler K., Simonis I., and Sliwinski A. Toward a process model for giservice composition[C]. In GI-Tage (GI Days), Institute for Geoinformatics:Munster, Germany,2003, pp.31-46.
ERDAS Corp. ERDAS Image Web Server[EB/OL]. http://iws.erdas.com/
ESAG-POD. Earth Observation Grid Processing on Demand[EB/OL]. http://gpod.eo.esa.int/
ESRI Corp. Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., and ISO Standards[EB/OL]. http://www.esri.com/technology-topics/standards/standards_tables.html,2010.
Fernandez-Lopez, M., Gomez-Perez, A. Overview and Analysis of methodologies for building ontologies[J]. Knowledge Engineering Review (KER),2002,17(2):129-156.
FGDC. National Spatial Data Infrastructure [EB/OL]. http://www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html,2007.
FGDC. External standards organizations [EB/OL]. http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/organization/external-standards-organizations,2009.
Fonseca F., Egenhofer M., Agouris P. And Camara G. Using Ontologies for Intergrated Geographic Information Systems[J]. Transactions in GIS,2002,6(3):231-57.
Frank A.U. Tiers of ontology and consistency constraints in geographic information systems[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Special Issue on Ontology of Geographic Information,2001,15(7):667-678.
Frank A.U. Ontology for spatio-temporal databases. In:Sellis T., et al. Spatio-Temporal Databases[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2003,2520:9-77.
Frederico T., Egenhofer M. Ontology-driven geographic information systems[C].7th ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. Kansas City, MO,1999, pp. 14-19.
Fredrik A. and Annika F.E. Ontologies Ⅰ[EB/OL]. http://www.ida.liu.se/～janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologiesl.pdf,2008-11-26.
Gao G.Y., Wang S.K. A multi-Agent system architecture for geographic information gathering[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2004,5(11):1367-1373.
Gomez-Perez A., Fernandez M., De Informtica F., et al. Towards a Method to Conceptualize Domain Ontologies[C]. In Workshop on Ontological Engineering, ECAI'96. Budapest, Hungary,1996, pp. 41-52.
Granell C., Diaz L., and Gould M. Managing earth observation data with distributed geoprocessing services[C]. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2007). Barcelona, Spain,2007a, pp.4777-4780.
Granell C., Diaz L., Gould M., Pascual V., Guimet J., Carrara P., and Pepe M. Developing geoprocessing services for a hydrological model application[C]. In Proceedings of 27th EARSeL Symposium:Geoinformation in Europe (EARSeL 2007). Bolzano, Italy,2007b, pp. 369-376.
Grigoris A., Frankvan H. A Semantic web primer[M]. Cambirdge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press,2004.
Harding J. Geo-ontology Concepts and Issues[EB/OL]. http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/,2002.
Ipfelkofer F., Lorenz B., Ohlbach H.J. Ontology Driven Visualisation of Maps with SVG-Technical Aspects[C]. In Proceedings of 1st Asian Semantic Web Conference (ASWC2006). Beijing, China,2006, pp.329-335.
ISO19119/OGC Topic12. The OpenGIS Service Architecture, Version 4.3[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1221,2002.
ISO/TC211. Geographic information Services[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1221,2001-09-14.
Jaeger E., Altintas I., Zhang J., Ludascher B., Pennington D., Michener W. A scientific workflow approach to distributed geospatial data processing using web services[C]. In 17th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM'05). Santa Barbara, CA,2005, pp.87-90.
Jennings N.R., and Wittig T. "ARCHON:Theroy and Practice" in Distributed Artificial Intelligence: Theroy and Praxis (eds. N. M. Avouris and L. Gasser), Kluwer Academic Press,1992, pp. 179-195.
Jia W.J., Gong J.Y., Li B. GIS Integration and Interoperability Based On GIS Service Chain[C]. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). Seoul, Korea,2005, pp.4962-4965.
Jin H., Chen H.H., Lu Z.P., et al. Q-SAC:toward QoS optimized service autcmatic composition[C]. 5th IEEE/ACM International Symposiwn on Cluster Computer and the Grid (CCGRID). Cardiff, UK,2005,2:623-630.
Jones C.B., Abdelmoty A.I., Finch D., et al. The SPIRIT Spatial Search Engine:Architecture, Ontologies and Spatial Indexing[C]. In Geographic Information Science:Third International Conference, GIScience 2004. Adelphi, Md, USA,2004, pp.125-139.
Kaelbling L.P. An architecture for intelligent reactive systems[C]. In Georgeff, M. P. and Lansky, A. L., editors, Reasoning About Actions& Plans-Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop. San Mateo, CA,1986, pp.395-410.
Kagal L. Rei:a policy language for the Me-Centric project, HPL-2002-270[R]. Palo Alto:Enterprise Systems Data Management Laboratory, HP Laboratories,2002.
Kagal L., Finin T., Joshi A. A policy language for a pervasive computing environment [C]. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Policy for Distributed Systems and Networks. Los Alamitos, CA,2003, pp.63-76.
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie. OntoEdit[EB/OL]. http://www.ontoknowledge.org/tools/ontoedit.shtml
Kavouras M., Kokla M. and Tomai E. Comparing Categories among geographic ontologies[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2005,31(2):145-154.
Klien E., Einspanier U., Lutz M., et al. An Architecture for Ontology-Based Discovery and Retrieval of Geographic Information[C]. Proceedings 7th Conference on Geographic Information Science. AGILE 2004. Heraklion, Greece,2004, pp.179-188.
Klien E., Lutz M., Kuhn W. Ontology-based discovery of geographic information services-An application in disaster management[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2006, 30(1):102-123.
Kuhn W. and Raubal M. Implementing Sematic Reference Systems[C].6th Conference on Geographic Information Science (AGILE 2003). Lyon, France, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes,2003, pp.63-72.
Language and Computing Corp. LinKFactory[EB/OL]. http://www.landcglobal.com/pages/linkfactory.php
Li X., Ye J., Liu X., Yang Q. Geographical simulation system:Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent[M]. China:Science Press,2007. (In Chinese)
Liao B.S., et al. Ontology-based conceptual modeling of policy-driven control framework:oriented to multi-agent system for web services management[C]. In Proceedings of Advanced Workshop on Content Computing. Berlin, Germany,2004a, pp.346-356.
Liao B.S., et al. A policy-driven multi-agent system for OGSA-compliant grid control[C]. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. New York,USA, 2004b, pp.5525-5530.
Ludascher B., Altintas I., Berkley C., Higgins D., Jaeger E., Jones M., Lee E., Tao J., Zhao Y. Scientific workflow management and the kepler system[J]. Concurrency and Computation (special issue on scientific workflows),2005,18(10):1039-1065.
Luo Y.W., Wang X.L. Research on the Geo-Agents[J]. Journal of Computer Research &Development,2000,32(121):1504-1511.
Luo Y., Xue Y., Wu C., Hu Y., Guo J., Wan W., Zheng L., Cai G., Zhong S., and Wang Z. A remote sensing application workflow and its implementation in remote sensing service grid node[C]. International Conference on Computational Science 2006 (ICCS2006). Reading, UK,2006, 3991 LNCS:292-299.
Lutz M., Klien E. Ontology-based retrieval of geographic information[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2006,20(03):233-260.
Lv J., Ma X., Tao X., Xu F., Hu H. Research and development of Internetware[J]. Science in China (Series E:Information Sciences),2006,36(10):1037-1080. (In Chinese)
Mark D., Egenhofer M., Hornsby K. Formal Models of Commonsense Geographic Worlds[EB/OL]. Report on the Specialist Meeting of Research Initiative 21 Santa Barbara, CA:National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Report97-2. http://www.geog.buffalo.edu/ncgia/i21/i21report.html,1997.
Mcllraith S., Son T., Zeng H. Semantic Web Services[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001,16(2): 46-53.
Michael L. Ontology-Based Descriptions for Semantic Discovery and Composition of Geoprocessing Services[C]. Geoinformatica 2007. San Diego, USA,2007,11:1-36.
Microsoft Corp. MapPoint Web Services[EB/OL]. http://www.microsoft.com/mappoint/.
Muruganantha N., Lutfiyya H. Policy Specification and Architecture for Quality of Service Management[EB/OL]. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8495/26863/01194209.pdf?tp=&arnumber=1194209&isnumber= 26863,2004.
Narayanan S., Mcllraith S. Simulation, Verification and Automated Composition of Web Service[C]. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International World Wide Web Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA,2002, pp.77-88.
NASA ECHO. Earth Observing System Clearinghouse[EB/OL]. http://www.echo.nasa.gov/
NASA GCMD. Globe Change Master Directory[EB/OL]. http://gcmd.nasa.gov/
Naveen S., Massimo P., Katia S. Adding OWL-S to UDDI, implementation and throughput[C]. In proceeding of Semantic Web Service and Web Process Composition (SWSWPC 2004). San Diego, California, USA,2004, pp.6-9.
NOAA NOMADS. National Operational Model Archive& Distribution System[EB/OL]. http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/
OASIS. ebXML Business Process Specification Schema Version 1.01[S]. http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebBPSS.pdf,2001-5-11.
OASIS. UDDI Spec Technical Committee Specification[S]. http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi-v3.00-published-20020719.htm,2002-7-19.
OGC. Topic 12-The OpenGIS Service Architecture[EB/OL]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1221,2001-9-14.
OGC. Web Services Architecture[EB/OL]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id= 1320,2003-1-18.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Feature Service Implementation Specification[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=8339,2005-5-3.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Map Server Implementation Specification[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=14416,2006-3-15.
OGC. OpenGIS Catalogue Services Specification[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=20555,2007-2-23.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Processing Service[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=24151,2007-6-08.
OGC. CSW-ebRIM Registry Service-Part 1:ebRIM profile of CSW (1.0.1)[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=31137,2007.
OGC. Web Services Initiative-Phase 5 (OWS-5) Annex B:OWS-5 Architecture[EB/OL]. http://www.opengeospatial.org,2007-05-11.
OGC. OpenGIS Web Coverage Service Implementation Standard[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=27297,2008-3-19.
Oracle Corp. Oracle Spatial& Oracle Locator:Location Features for Oracle Database 11g[EB/OL]. http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/index.html
Ovum Ltd. Intelligent agents:The new revolution in software[M]. London:Ovum Publication,1994.
OWL-S 1.2 Pre-Release. OWL-S:Semantic Markup for Web Services, version 1.2[S]. http://www.ai.sri.com/daml/services/owl-s/1.2/,2006.
Rao J., Kungas P., Matskin M. Logic-based Web Services Composition:Prom Service Description to Process Model[C]. In Proceeding of the Third International Conference on Web Services (ICWS). San Diego, USA,2004, pp.446-453.
Raskin and Pan. Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET) [EB/OL]. http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/,2005.
Schut P. OpenGIS(?) Web Processing Service, Version:1.0.0[S]. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/modules/admin/license_agreement.php?suppressHeaders=0&ac cess_license_id=3&target=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/index.php?artifact_id=24151, 2007.
Smith B., Mark D. Ontology and geographic kinds[C]. In Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling (SDH'98). International Geographical Union, Vancouver,1998. pp. 308-320.
Stanford University. Protege[EB/OL]. http://protege.stanford.edu/
Strassner J., Raymer D. Implementing Next Generation Services Using Policy-Based Management and Autonomic Computing Principles[C]. Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 2006. Vancouver, Canada,2006, pp.1-15.
Tang C., Feng S., Xu L.D. A Geographical Information System Based on Agent Architecture[J]. Journal of Software,2001,12(6):791-801.
Tang J.F., Zhou B., He Z.J. Policy driven and multi-agent based fault tolerance for Web services[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2005,6A(7):676-682.
Tao C.V. Online GIServices[J]. Journal of Geospatial Engineering,2001,3(2):135-143.
TerraServer Corp. The Leader in Online Imagery[EB/OL]. http://www.terraserver.com/.
Tom G. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. In:Knowledge Acquisition.1993, 5(2):199-221.
Tsou M., Buttenfield B.P. An Agent-based Communication Mechanism for Distributing Geographic Information Services on the Internet[EB/OL]. http://map.sdsu.edu/publications/gis2000tsou.pdf,2000.
Tsou M.H. and Buttenfield B.P. A Dynamic Architecture for Distributed Geographic Information Services[J]. Transactions in GIS,2002,6(4):355-381.
UK NGDF. National Geospatial Data Framework[EB/OL]. http://www.ngdf.org.uk/
UN/CEFACT TMG.UN/CEFACT modeling methodology, revision 12[EB/OL]. http://www.untmg.org,2003.
University of Manchester. OilEd[EB/OL]. http://oiled.man.ac.uk/
University of Maryland. Swoop[EB/OL]. http://www.mindswap.org/2004/SWOOP/
Uttamchandani S., Alvarez G. A., and Agha G. DecisionQoS:an adaptive, self-evolving QoS arbitration module for storage systems[C]. Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY'04). Yorktown, NY, USA,2004, pp.67-76.
Uszok A., Bradshaw J.M., Jeffers R., Suri N., Hayes P., Breedy M.R., Bunch L., Johnson M., Kulkarni S., Lott J. KAoS Policy and Domain Services:Toward a Description-Logic Approach to Policy Representation, Deconfliction and Enforcement[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Policy 2003. Como, Italy,2003, pp.93-98.
van der Aalst W.M.P., Dumas M., ter Hofstede A.H.M., Wohed P. Pattern-Based Analysis of BPML (and WSCI)[EB/OL]. http://xml.coverpages.org/Aalst-BPML.pdf,2002.
W3C. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1 [S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508/,2000.
W3C. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1 [S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl,2001.
W3C. Web Service Choreography Interface (WSCI) 1.0[S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/,2002.
W3C. Web Services Architecture[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-arch-20040211/#defs,2004a-2-11.
W3C. OWL Web Ontology Language Overview[S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/,2004b.
W3C. Resource Description Framework (RDF)[S]. http://www.w3.org/RDF/,2004c.
W3C. RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0:RDF Schema[S]. http://www.w3.org/TR/RDF-Schema/,2004d.
W3C. DAML+OIL (March 2001) Reference Description[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/daml+oil-reference/,2004e.
W3C. SWRL:A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML[S]. http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/,2004f.
WFMC. XPDL Support and Resources[EB/OL]. http://www.wfmc.org/xpdl.html
Wiegand N., Zhou N. Ontology-based geospatial web query system[C]. Proceedings of international workshop on next generation geospatial inform ation (NG21). Boston, USA,2003, pp.57-68
Wittig T. ARCHON:An Architecture For Multi-agent Systems[M]. Ellis Horwood Chichester,1992.
Wohed P., van der Aalst W.M.P., Dumas M., ter Hofstede A.H.M. Analysis of Web Services Composition Languages:The Case of BPEL4WS[C]. In Proceeding of 22nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Chicago IL, USA, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003,2813:200-215.
Wooldridge M., Jennings N.R. Intelligent agents:Theory and practice[R]. The Knowledge Engineering Review,1995,10:115-152.
Xu X.B., Wu Q.Y., Wang Q.M. Automatic geospatial information Web service composition based on ontology interface matching[C]. In Proceeding of SPIE (Geoinformatics 2008). Guangzhou, China,2008,7143:71430A-11.
Yue P., Di L.P., Yang W.L., Yu G.N., Zhao P.S. Path planning for chaining geospatial web services[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2006,4295 LNCS:214-226.
Yue P., Di L.P., Yang W.L., et al. Semantics-based automatic composition of geospatial Web service chains[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2007,33(5):649-665.
Yue P., Gong J.Y., Di L.P. Automatic Transformation from Semantic Description to Syntactic Specification for Geo-Processing Service Chains[C]. Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems,8th International Symposium, W2GIS 2008. Shanghai, China,2008, pp. 50-62.
Zaharia R., Vasiliu L., Badica C. Semi-automatic composition of geospatial web services using JBoss rules[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2008,5321 LNCS:166-173.
Zhao P.S., Di L.P., Yu G.N., Yue P., Wei Y.X., Yang W.L. Semantic Web-based geospatial knowledge transformation[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2009,35:798-808.
Zhao Z.L., Boualem B., Ngu Anne H.H., et al. QoS-aware middleware for Web services composition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2004,30(5):311-327.