城市住房援助政策评估与仿真实验
|
摘要
我国住房制度改革以来城市居民住房自有率和人均面积获得了较大提升,但大城市高房价对城市新增人口和弱势群体产生了明显排斥,夹心层现象也比较严重。这是到2020年实现“住有所居”所面临的重大挑战。为此政府拟大量增加公共住房(经适房和公租房)建设量,试图缓解中低收入者买房负担重、租房难、住房状况改善缓慢等社会问题。但在城市层面,经适房政策目标和实际绩效间存在较大差距。在政策层面,关于公共住房合理供给结构、经适房存废与否和住房补贴方式问题仍存在较大争议,本研究对此在理论上进行了探索,并使用多种方法进行了评测和比较。
论文首先基于国际惯例提出住房政策的主要目标是支援和帮助中低收入群体获得适宜住房。住房政策中包含住房保障和住房援助两类,“住房保障”以房为本,目标是为最低收入者提供“基本住房”。住房援助以人为本,以支援帮助居民获得可负担的“适宜住房”为目标。住房保障和住房援助在政策目标上存在递进关系,在政策工具上有差异。论文基于问卷调查和文献研究对住房援助进行了定义,将实践中的援助活动分为政策型、项目型、金融型、科技型和非政府型五种类型。论文归纳了我国援助工具集合,发现现有政策和项目都偏向购房援助,忽视了租房援助。根据我国与世界主流的住房模式的异同,总结了适合我国国情的住援经验,提出应加强上位法规制定、产权转移兼顾租售、激励雇主进行住房援助和加快公共住房的市场化、社会化改革的建议。
囤房现象是加剧大城市住房紧张和结构失衡的主要原因。论文通过解析中高收入家庭囤房的原因,论证了我国长期实行的购房援助政策在家庭高储蓄率心智模式下会导致负面效应,因此住房政策应保持中性,避免造成贫富悬殊和社会阶层严重分化。治理囤房的策略重点是弱化囤房动机、推动市场化的公租房项目、提高存量住房的周转速度和使用效率。
就经适房是否应取消的问题,论文进行了经适房和公租房的政策对比。通过文献研究,比较了经适房管理政策调整前后的住房产权结构变化,发现政策正在向经适房全封闭运行的方向改革。论文按照绩效、效率、充足性、公平性、回应性和适宜性六项评估标准,将住房援助政策目标分解为具体的子目标。利用民意测评和模糊评价法,对当前试图以公租房取代经适房的政策改革进行了绩效预评估。证明了相同住房财政支出情况下,公租房不宜完全替代经适房。单纯调整援助方式,实行以公租房为主流的政策将难以提高城市住房政策的整体绩效。论文论证了公租房和经适房政策不应偏废,租售两种援助方式各有利弊,应根据市场需求、因地制宜灵活运用。
针对公共住房管理中的福利错配和公平难题,论文通过7个相似制度案例进行聚类分析,论证了许可权(配额)交易是一种适合市场经济体制的管理工具,可以移植到公共住房领域。通过对武汉市和黄石市(住建部公租房试点城市)的案例研究,结合与其他大城市公租房管理政策的比较,探讨了推行以可交易房券为补贴方式的改革历程和经验教训,论证了住房援助应采用更加市场化的方式来进行,通过合理运用许可权交易进行政府规制可提高援助政策绩效。
为了评估关键援助政策工具的长期效果,论文通过对购房者的行为调查,将住房和家庭分为了具有共性的若干子类,依据主体行为规则构建了基于Netlogo仿真平台的房地产市场多主体微观仿真模型。该模型包含了商品房、经适房和公租房三个子市场,家庭可根据自身情况进入该三个市场进行交易,公共住房和商品房也可有条件转化。该模型考虑了城市区位特征和活动中心,模拟了家庭综合考虑房价(租)和交通成本的行为模式,集成了家庭的区位选择与租售选择。仿真模型使用武汉市2000～2010年的历史数据进行了标定和有效性校验。
论文利用仿真模型对已开展和未开展的住房援助政策进行了实验。发现当新增公共住房的总比例少于10%时,对商品住房市场的冲击比较小的,成交量没有明显变化。但公共住房配建比例越大,成交量震动波幅越大,比例越小,震动波幅越小。对仿真城市而言,采用10%的规划配建比例(经适房和公租房各5%),公租房就会在2015年后出现大于15%的空置率,因此该政策应在2015年左右逐步调整或取消。如果保持低于平均住房面积60%的公共住房准入标准,公租房项目在2015年后就会出现明显的空置率上升。如果放宽到低于全市平均面积水平就可以准入,则空置率始终在10%以内。如果要维持10%配建比例时,该市应适当调高准入标准,建议用“9070”标准(即家庭收入标准为90%,人均住房面积标准为70%)取代“8060”标准,这样可维持适度的轮候时间又不至于出现申购不足。通过多次运行仿真还发现经适房比例增大,高收入人群平均家庭总资产降低,最低收入家庭总资产增加,中等收入人群不明显。显示经适房对贫富差距的调节相对有效。房产税是一种包容性的购房援助,但对租房者改善作用不大。提高个人售房所得税率可以增加无房户的租房面积,但对有房困难户没有显著影响。
论文根据住房援助的基本原理和政策目标,简要回顾了住房制度改革的历史,探讨了住有所居的实现路径,提出了从剩余模式经多元模式向高级普惠模式过渡的构想,并结合我国当前社会结构变动趋势和前述实证研究成果提出了政策建议。
Chinese urban housing reform has been achieved the objective of high home-ownership rate and per capita housing area. However, the high housing prices has become an obvious exclusion to additional population and vulnerable groups, that is the major challenges to fulfill the goals of "all the people can get affordable housing" in2020. Chinese government is constructing copious amounts of affordable housing and trying to relieve the low-income urban households'social problems such as difficult to buying house, renting suitable house and improving housing conditions. However, at the city level, ongoing need of land and capital are difficult to implement, which lead to a big gap between policy objectives and actual performance. Even though the affordable housing and public rental housing policy has been revised for many times, there is still a considerable controversy on property structure design, housing allowance approaches and other key housing policies, it is looking forward to summarizing and innovating in theory and also in policy.
Based on the stratification and interactive principle of the real estate market, the study argue that the aim of housing policy is to help low and middle-income people to obtain affordable and suitable housing, so basic housing security(in Chinese) is house-oriented housing policy, which offer housing assistance for lowest-income households. Housing assistance is people oriented, the objectives of housing assistance is superior to basic housing security. In the second chapter, based on comparison of housing assistance between the China and other countries, the paper sum up the suitable experience of Chinese housing assistances which are based on the questionnaire and literature in classification (including5categories, that is policy, project, financial, technical and non-government assistance), and found that existing policies and programs in favor of the home ownership assistance, ignoring rental assistance. Paper suggest that senior regulations should be strengthened, the transfer method of public housing would take rental and ownership assistance into account, employers would be encouraged to offer housing assistance and marketization and socialization of public housing would be speed up.
By making an analysis of hoarding-house phenomenon, the thesis develops the real estate economics discussion of housing characterizes and their derivative effects, studies the necessity and appropriateness of housing assistance, demonstrates housing assistance policy should remain neutral in order to avoid income and housing gap between rich and poor household of society widening.
This thesis discusses the project design of housing assistance and develops a reasonable performance evaluation standard of housing assistance policy which is based on literature research and questionnaire survey. The viewpoint of reform that affordable housing should be cancelled or be replaced by public rental housing is pre-evaluated. The results indicate that it is inadvisable to do so under the same financial expenditure. Due to the characteristics of housing and housing market, there is both advantages and disadvantage on the aspect of selling and renting affordable housing, the different assistance project should be coexisted and applied flexibly.
In view of the fairness problem of public housing policy, the thesis argues the micro-market-intervene can be implemented by using house vouchers. The research investigates the housing assistance reform in pilot city, Wuhan and Huangshi City, which arranged by MOHURD, and offers the solution on property right distribution of affordable housing and discusses the key parameters of formulas. It is demonstrated by a similar case that transferable permits (or quotas) is a public management tool which is suitable for the market economy system, and implement of permits trading system will improve performance of housing assistance policy.
Based on survey of housing behavior, the housing and urban households agents are divided into subclass and database of housing rules have been constructed. The micro-simulation model (programmed on Netlogo simulation platform) is built based on ABM (agent-based-modeling) method. The model includes three sub-market, which are commercial housing, affordable housing and public rental housing market, households can get into and do housing business among three sub-markets. The model integrates the factors of housing location and (rental) price, simulates the actual behavior patterns of families who considering the house prices (or rent) and transport costs at the same time. Based on the statistical data of Wuhan City from year2000to2010, model is setup and its validity has been checked on2010.
By using this simulation model, the paper detects the effect of long-term housing assistance policy which has been carried out or not done yet. paper find that when new-constructed public housing area less than10%of total housing construction, the impact of commodity housing market is relatively small, the sales volume did not change significantly. The proportion of public housing built with the construction of commercial housing is going up, the greater vibration amplitude of sales volume would be, if the proportion is declining, the vibration amplitude is also decreasing. As for modeling city, under10%construction-ratio planning policy (public rental housing and affordable housing are fifty-fifty), vacancy rate of public rental housing would be greater than15%in the2015, therefore, this policy would to be adjusted or canceled gradually. If the policy which public housing access standards is less than60%of the average housing area have to be keeping to year2015, the vacancy rate of public rental housing project would be rising significantly after2015. If access standards less than the city's average housing area, the vacancy rate is always less than10%. If the10%construction-ratio have to maintained, Wuhan city should be reformed the planning policy to increase the access standards, it is recommended to use "9070" standard (i.e., household income standard less than90%of average income, per capita housing area less than70%of the average standard) to replace the "8060" standard, so maintain an appropriate waiting time and avoid the situation that no enough application or purchase would be possible. By repeating the policy simulation test for many times, this paper also find that with higher construction ratio of affordable housing, the average total net assets of high-income people coming to reduce, on the contrary, low income households going up, and to middle-income people, the effects is not obvious, which can conclude affordable housing can be applied to adjust the gap between the rich and the poor. The property tax is an inclusive tenant based assistance tools, but offer little improvement to renters. The increase in personal income tax can increase average housing area of rigid-Ⅱ type households (no any house), but have no significant effects on the rigid-Ⅰ type households (with house in poor condition). An optimized combination of policy is explored by through several simulations, which provides a reference to housing policy-maker.
In the conclusion, according to the basic principles and policy objectives of housing assistance policy, there is a brief review of the history and performance of the housing system reform in China. Analytical substance and actual meaning of housing assistance to the achievement of "all the people enjoy the right to the housing" has been proposed considering Chinese current change trend in the social structure. The paper proposes a reform path, which would be from the surplus model to the market balanced benefit model, is designed. Some policy recommendations are put forward also on the paper.
论文首先基于国际惯例提出住房政策的主要目标是支援和帮助中低收入群体获得适宜住房。住房政策中包含住房保障和住房援助两类,“住房保障”以房为本,目标是为最低收入者提供“基本住房”。住房援助以人为本,以支援帮助居民获得可负担的“适宜住房”为目标。住房保障和住房援助在政策目标上存在递进关系,在政策工具上有差异。论文基于问卷调查和文献研究对住房援助进行了定义,将实践中的援助活动分为政策型、项目型、金融型、科技型和非政府型五种类型。论文归纳了我国援助工具集合,发现现有政策和项目都偏向购房援助,忽视了租房援助。根据我国与世界主流的住房模式的异同,总结了适合我国国情的住援经验,提出应加强上位法规制定、产权转移兼顾租售、激励雇主进行住房援助和加快公共住房的市场化、社会化改革的建议。
囤房现象是加剧大城市住房紧张和结构失衡的主要原因。论文通过解析中高收入家庭囤房的原因,论证了我国长期实行的购房援助政策在家庭高储蓄率心智模式下会导致负面效应,因此住房政策应保持中性,避免造成贫富悬殊和社会阶层严重分化。治理囤房的策略重点是弱化囤房动机、推动市场化的公租房项目、提高存量住房的周转速度和使用效率。
就经适房是否应取消的问题,论文进行了经适房和公租房的政策对比。通过文献研究,比较了经适房管理政策调整前后的住房产权结构变化,发现政策正在向经适房全封闭运行的方向改革。论文按照绩效、效率、充足性、公平性、回应性和适宜性六项评估标准,将住房援助政策目标分解为具体的子目标。利用民意测评和模糊评价法,对当前试图以公租房取代经适房的政策改革进行了绩效预评估。证明了相同住房财政支出情况下,公租房不宜完全替代经适房。单纯调整援助方式,实行以公租房为主流的政策将难以提高城市住房政策的整体绩效。论文论证了公租房和经适房政策不应偏废,租售两种援助方式各有利弊,应根据市场需求、因地制宜灵活运用。
针对公共住房管理中的福利错配和公平难题,论文通过7个相似制度案例进行聚类分析,论证了许可权(配额)交易是一种适合市场经济体制的管理工具,可以移植到公共住房领域。通过对武汉市和黄石市(住建部公租房试点城市)的案例研究,结合与其他大城市公租房管理政策的比较,探讨了推行以可交易房券为补贴方式的改革历程和经验教训,论证了住房援助应采用更加市场化的方式来进行,通过合理运用许可权交易进行政府规制可提高援助政策绩效。
为了评估关键援助政策工具的长期效果,论文通过对购房者的行为调查,将住房和家庭分为了具有共性的若干子类,依据主体行为规则构建了基于Netlogo仿真平台的房地产市场多主体微观仿真模型。该模型包含了商品房、经适房和公租房三个子市场,家庭可根据自身情况进入该三个市场进行交易,公共住房和商品房也可有条件转化。该模型考虑了城市区位特征和活动中心,模拟了家庭综合考虑房价(租)和交通成本的行为模式,集成了家庭的区位选择与租售选择。仿真模型使用武汉市2000～2010年的历史数据进行了标定和有效性校验。
论文利用仿真模型对已开展和未开展的住房援助政策进行了实验。发现当新增公共住房的总比例少于10%时,对商品住房市场的冲击比较小的,成交量没有明显变化。但公共住房配建比例越大,成交量震动波幅越大,比例越小,震动波幅越小。对仿真城市而言,采用10%的规划配建比例(经适房和公租房各5%),公租房就会在2015年后出现大于15%的空置率,因此该政策应在2015年左右逐步调整或取消。如果保持低于平均住房面积60%的公共住房准入标准,公租房项目在2015年后就会出现明显的空置率上升。如果放宽到低于全市平均面积水平就可以准入,则空置率始终在10%以内。如果要维持10%配建比例时,该市应适当调高准入标准,建议用“9070”标准(即家庭收入标准为90%,人均住房面积标准为70%)取代“8060”标准,这样可维持适度的轮候时间又不至于出现申购不足。通过多次运行仿真还发现经适房比例增大,高收入人群平均家庭总资产降低,最低收入家庭总资产增加,中等收入人群不明显。显示经适房对贫富差距的调节相对有效。房产税是一种包容性的购房援助,但对租房者改善作用不大。提高个人售房所得税率可以增加无房户的租房面积,但对有房困难户没有显著影响。
论文根据住房援助的基本原理和政策目标,简要回顾了住房制度改革的历史,探讨了住有所居的实现路径,提出了从剩余模式经多元模式向高级普惠模式过渡的构想,并结合我国当前社会结构变动趋势和前述实证研究成果提出了政策建议。
Chinese urban housing reform has been achieved the objective of high home-ownership rate and per capita housing area. However, the high housing prices has become an obvious exclusion to additional population and vulnerable groups, that is the major challenges to fulfill the goals of "all the people can get affordable housing" in2020. Chinese government is constructing copious amounts of affordable housing and trying to relieve the low-income urban households'social problems such as difficult to buying house, renting suitable house and improving housing conditions. However, at the city level, ongoing need of land and capital are difficult to implement, which lead to a big gap between policy objectives and actual performance. Even though the affordable housing and public rental housing policy has been revised for many times, there is still a considerable controversy on property structure design, housing allowance approaches and other key housing policies, it is looking forward to summarizing and innovating in theory and also in policy.
Based on the stratification and interactive principle of the real estate market, the study argue that the aim of housing policy is to help low and middle-income people to obtain affordable and suitable housing, so basic housing security(in Chinese) is house-oriented housing policy, which offer housing assistance for lowest-income households. Housing assistance is people oriented, the objectives of housing assistance is superior to basic housing security. In the second chapter, based on comparison of housing assistance between the China and other countries, the paper sum up the suitable experience of Chinese housing assistances which are based on the questionnaire and literature in classification (including5categories, that is policy, project, financial, technical and non-government assistance), and found that existing policies and programs in favor of the home ownership assistance, ignoring rental assistance. Paper suggest that senior regulations should be strengthened, the transfer method of public housing would take rental and ownership assistance into account, employers would be encouraged to offer housing assistance and marketization and socialization of public housing would be speed up.
By making an analysis of hoarding-house phenomenon, the thesis develops the real estate economics discussion of housing characterizes and their derivative effects, studies the necessity and appropriateness of housing assistance, demonstrates housing assistance policy should remain neutral in order to avoid income and housing gap between rich and poor household of society widening.
This thesis discusses the project design of housing assistance and develops a reasonable performance evaluation standard of housing assistance policy which is based on literature research and questionnaire survey. The viewpoint of reform that affordable housing should be cancelled or be replaced by public rental housing is pre-evaluated. The results indicate that it is inadvisable to do so under the same financial expenditure. Due to the characteristics of housing and housing market, there is both advantages and disadvantage on the aspect of selling and renting affordable housing, the different assistance project should be coexisted and applied flexibly.
In view of the fairness problem of public housing policy, the thesis argues the micro-market-intervene can be implemented by using house vouchers. The research investigates the housing assistance reform in pilot city, Wuhan and Huangshi City, which arranged by MOHURD, and offers the solution on property right distribution of affordable housing and discusses the key parameters of formulas. It is demonstrated by a similar case that transferable permits (or quotas) is a public management tool which is suitable for the market economy system, and implement of permits trading system will improve performance of housing assistance policy.
Based on survey of housing behavior, the housing and urban households agents are divided into subclass and database of housing rules have been constructed. The micro-simulation model (programmed on Netlogo simulation platform) is built based on ABM (agent-based-modeling) method. The model includes three sub-market, which are commercial housing, affordable housing and public rental housing market, households can get into and do housing business among three sub-markets. The model integrates the factors of housing location and (rental) price, simulates the actual behavior patterns of families who considering the house prices (or rent) and transport costs at the same time. Based on the statistical data of Wuhan City from year2000to2010, model is setup and its validity has been checked on2010.
By using this simulation model, the paper detects the effect of long-term housing assistance policy which has been carried out or not done yet. paper find that when new-constructed public housing area less than10%of total housing construction, the impact of commodity housing market is relatively small, the sales volume did not change significantly. The proportion of public housing built with the construction of commercial housing is going up, the greater vibration amplitude of sales volume would be, if the proportion is declining, the vibration amplitude is also decreasing. As for modeling city, under10%construction-ratio planning policy (public rental housing and affordable housing are fifty-fifty), vacancy rate of public rental housing would be greater than15%in the2015, therefore, this policy would to be adjusted or canceled gradually. If the policy which public housing access standards is less than60%of the average housing area have to be keeping to year2015, the vacancy rate of public rental housing project would be rising significantly after2015. If access standards less than the city's average housing area, the vacancy rate is always less than10%. If the10%construction-ratio have to maintained, Wuhan city should be reformed the planning policy to increase the access standards, it is recommended to use "9070" standard (i.e., household income standard less than90%of average income, per capita housing area less than70%of the average standard) to replace the "8060" standard, so maintain an appropriate waiting time and avoid the situation that no enough application or purchase would be possible. By repeating the policy simulation test for many times, this paper also find that with higher construction ratio of affordable housing, the average total net assets of high-income people coming to reduce, on the contrary, low income households going up, and to middle-income people, the effects is not obvious, which can conclude affordable housing can be applied to adjust the gap between the rich and the poor. The property tax is an inclusive tenant based assistance tools, but offer little improvement to renters. The increase in personal income tax can increase average housing area of rigid-Ⅱ type households (no any house), but have no significant effects on the rigid-Ⅰ type households (with house in poor condition). An optimized combination of policy is explored by through several simulations, which provides a reference to housing policy-maker.
In the conclusion, according to the basic principles and policy objectives of housing assistance policy, there is a brief review of the history and performance of the housing system reform in China. Analytical substance and actual meaning of housing assistance to the achievement of "all the people enjoy the right to the housing" has been proposed considering Chinese current change trend in the social structure. The paper proposes a reform path, which would be from the surplus model to the market balanced benefit model, is designed. Some policy recommendations are put forward also on the paper.
引文
1. 阿列克斯·施瓦兹,黄瑛译.美国的住房政策[M].北京：中信出版社,2008.4
2. 爱德华·L·格莱泽,约瑟夫·乔科,陈立中,陈一方译.美国联邦住房政策反思：如何增加住房供给和提高住房可支付性[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
3. 巴曙松,王志峰.资金来源、制度变革与国际经验借鉴：源自公共廉租房[J].改革,2010.3Vol.193：80-86
4. 彼得(M.杰克逊,郭庆旺等译.公共部门经济学前沿问题[M].北京：中国税务出版社,2000.1
5. 边燕杰,刘勇利.社会分层、住房产权与居住质量—对中国“五普”数据的分析[J].社会学研究,2005.3：82-95
6. 陈德湖.排污权交易理论及其研究综述[J].外国经济与管理Vol.26 2004.05：45
7. 陈淮.发展住房保障制度是缓解住房矛盾的关键[J].经济与管理研究,2006.3：9-12
8. 陈劲松等.世联观察景气循环中的市场2007-2009[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009
9. 陈杰.城市居民住房解决方案-理论与国际经验[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2009
10.陈杰.停建经济适用房,兴办公共租赁房,以制度创新来实现上海住房保障事业的新突破.20 10-02-04. http://jiech.blog.sohu.com/143845626.html.
11.陈杰.制度经济学视角下的中国住房制度变迁分析[J].社会科学辑刊2010b(06)vol.191：104-108
12.成思危.中国住房政策探讨[J].中国流通经济2011(6)：4-9
13.戴维·莫林斯,艾伦·穆里,陈立中译.英国住房政策[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
14.董立.新加坡的房屋发展署及其公共住房[J].人类居住2000,03
15.邓小平.邓小平文选(第三卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993.10
16.邓卫、宋杨.住宅经济学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.3：155
17.邓宏乾,王贤磊,陈峰.我国保障住房供给体系并轨问题研究[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)2012.5Vol.51,No.3:29-37
18.丁成日.城市经济与城市政策[M].北京：商务印书馆,2008.1
19.丁成日.中国城市的人口密度高吗?[J].城市规划,2004(8)：43-06
20.丁学良.辩论“中国模式”[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009.7
21.杜金锋,冯长春.限价商品住房政策基础理论研究[J].城市发展研究2009(5)Vol16：102-108
22.菲利普·麦卡恩,李寿德,蒋录全译.城市与区域经济学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2010.2
23.耿继进.房地产政策：仿真与实验[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2011.5
24.郭玉坤、杨坤.住房保障对象划分研究[J].城市发展研究,2009(9)V01.16：15-21
25.郭巍青、江绍文.混合福利视角下的住房政策分析[J].吉林大学社会科学学报2010(03)vol50：128-133
26.郭士征,张腾.“三元到四维”住房保障体系的构建[J].探索与争鸣,2010(8)
27.何一鸣.产权管制放松理论-验证于中国的农地制度变迁(1958～2008年).[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2010.11
28.胡挺.基于Agent模型的房地产市场复杂自适应研究[J].现代管理科学,2010(01)：72-75
29.焦怡雪,城市居住弱势群体住房保障的规划问题研究[D].中国城市规划院,2007
30.焦建国,郎大鹏.住房社会保障制度：由来、问题、借鉴与改进建议[J].经济研究参考,2005(76)：31-37
31.吉姆·凯梅尼,王韬译.从公共住房到社会市场-租赁住房政策的比较研究[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.6
32.金观涛.探索现代社会的起源[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2010.5
33.景娟,刘志林,满燕云.低收入住房政策的国际经验借鉴：需求方补贴[J].城市发展研究,：201 0.6 Vol17No6:56-64
34.吕萍,甄辉,城乡统筹发展中统一住房保障体系的建设[J].城市发展研究,2010.1 vol17123-128
35.李大宇,米加宁,徐磊.公共政策仿真方法：原理、应用与前景[J].公共管理学报,2011.10,Vol.8：8-13
36.李国敏,卢珂.公共性：中国城市住房政策的理性回归[J].中国行政管理,2011(7)51-55
37.李晶.完善保障性租赁住房政策的必要性研究[J].城市规划,2008,32(5)45-50
38.李晶.英国劳动力移民的住房政策及启示[J].国际城市规划,2010,vol25.(5)103-114
39.李涛,史宇鹏,陈斌开.住房与幸福：幸福经济学视角下的中国城镇居民住房问题[J].经济研究,2011(11)：69-84
40.李文斌.美国不同时期的住房补贴政策：实施效果的评价与启发[J].城市发展研究,2007 Vol.14(3)：77-81
41.李薇辉,傅尔基.创新上海住房保障体系的构想[J].上海经济研究,200704：67-77
42.李扬,汪利娜,殷剑峰.普遍住房保障制度比较和对中国的启示[J].财贸经济,2008(1)
43.李宇明.谈术语本士化、规范化与国际化[J].中国科技术语,2007.8：5-10
44.李强.当代中国社会分层：测量与分析[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2010.4：140
45.凌维慈.公法视野下的住房保障-以日本为研究对象[M].上海：上海三联书店,2010.8
46.林荣茂.经济适用房划拨用地补贴与货币补贴的福利、效率与产权分析[J].中国土地科学,2006.8 Vol.4：9-14
47.林卡,高红.中国经济适用房制度发展动力和制度背景分析[J].中国软科学,2007.1：23-34
48.刘佳燕.1940年代以来巴西公共住房政策发展评析和启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,vol27.(4)43-50
49.刘妙龙,陈鹏.基于细胞自动机与多主体系统理论的城市模拟原型模型[J].地理科学,2006,vol26.(3)292-299
50.刘云,宁奇峰、陈伟.香港保障性住房供应体系的特点及其启示[J].上海经济研究,2002(04)：61-65
51.刘志峰.住房政策法规文库·从书序二[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
52.陆铭.中国城市化的南辕北辙.2011-11-11. http://news.cn.yahoo.com/ypen/20111115/700361_2.html.
53.陆铭.城市不死-在上海中青年区域经济学者论坛的演讲[N].东方早报,2013-03-12.
54.陆学艺,宋国恺,胡建国等.当代中国社会结构[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2010.1
55.姜琳.新华时评：北京市看不懂、想不通的公租房价.2010-08-01.http://finance.qq.com/a/2010 0801/000520.htm.
56.马万里,陈玮.建立健全面向农民工的城市住房保障体系研究——杭州农民工基本住房状况调查与政策建议[J].城市规划,2008(2008)05：38-45
57.马光红,李宪立.建立健全保障性住房规划建设管理体制研究—基于廉租房的视角[J].城市发展研究,2010 Vol.17(4)：64-68
58.马朝琦,雷晓康.美国公共政策绩效评估方法及借鉴[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社科版),2006.9：80-85
59.满燕云,隆国强,景娟等.中国低收入住房：现状及政策设计[M].北京：商务印书馆,2011.12
60.茅于轼.住房保障应采取货币补贴.2011-11-16.http://finance.ifeng.com/opinion/mssd/2011-11-16.
61.内斯特·M-戴维斯等.美国经济适用房与公私合营关系.[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.2
62.平山洋介[日],丁恒译.日本住宅政策的问题-展望“自有房产社会”的将来[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
63.钱瑛瑛.中国住房保障政策研究-经济适用房与廉租住房[J].中国房地产,2003(8)：57-60
64.让·克劳德·德里昂[法].马璇,姚鑫译.欧洲与法国社会住房政策的主要问题[J].国际城市规划,2009 Vol.24(4)：22-27
65.让-欧仁·阿韦尔[法].齐淑琴译.居住与住房[M].北京：商务印书馆,1996.5
66.容乐,陈立中译.香港住房政策：基于社会公平视角的案例研究[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
67.宋博通.政府兴建住房与货币补贴成本比较研究[J].深圳大学学报(理工版)2001(03)vol18：71-78
68.宋博通.从公共住房到租金优惠券-美国低收入阶层住房政策演化解析[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,(4)：65-69
69.苏志超.台湾地区农地权益制度与农地生产效率[J].中国土地科学,1998(6),Vol.12：6-17
70.孙刚,陆铭,张吉鹏.反腐败、市场建设与经济增长[J].经济学(季刊),2005.10 V0l.4:1-22
71.石薇.基于美国经验的上海市公共租赁房发展对策[J].科学发展,2011.5：108-113
72.上海社会科学院房地产业研究中心、上海市房产经济学会编.发展中国公共租赁住房机制和对策研究[M].上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2010.7
73.谭兵.香港、澳门、内地社会援助比较研究[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009.7
74.谭荣,曲福田.中国农地发展权之路：治理结构改革代替产权结构改革[J].管理世界2010.6：56-64
75.陶雪良,刘洪玉.北京市经济适用住房供给规模影响因素的实证分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010.3：464-471
76.陶雪良,刘洪玉.城市公共住房政策的起因与归结[J].财政研究,2008.9：33-35
77.田一淋,马光红.以中间组织为枢纽的PPP模式住房保障体系探讨[J].建筑经济,2008.7
78.汪利娜.我国保障性住房政策演变及思考[J].现代城市研究,2009.12：7-12
79.汪冬宁,汤小橹,金晓斌,周寅康.基于土地成本和居住品质的保障住房选址研究——以江苏省南京市为例[J].城市规划,2010,34(3)：57-61
80.王俊,龚强,刘冲.基于参数模拟的中国物业税调控能力研究[J].管理科学学报,2011.12：87-97
81.王松涛.中国住房市场政府干预的原理与效果评价[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.7
82.威廉·N·邓恩.公共政策分析导论(第二版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：437
83.魏礼群.加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设-十七大报告辅导读本[M].北京：人民出版社,2007.10：311～315
84.武汉市经济研究所.2011武汉发展报告[M].武汉：武汉出版社,2011.5
85.武汉市人民政府.市人民政府办公厅关于加快发展公共租赁住房的意见.内部资料,2011.1
86.谢识予.经济博弈论(第三版)[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2010.8
87.许德风.住房租赁合同的社会控制[J].中国社会科学,2009(3)：125-141
88.许庆,章元.土地调整、地权稳定性与农民长期投资激励[J]经济研究,2005(10)Vol.4：59-69
89.姚洋.农地制度与农业绩效的实证研究[J].中国农村观察,1998(6)：1-10
90.叶前,詹奕嘉.倒卖利润高违规成本低追问”住经适房开奔驰”现象.2010-04-04. http://www.chin adaily.com.cn/hqcj/fcdt/2010-04-04/content_112436.html.
91.尹志超,甘犁.中国住房改革对家庭耐用品消费的影响[J]经济学(季刊),2009.10 Vol9Nol:53-72
92.余凌志.廉租住房保障水平研究.[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学图书馆,2007：5-11
93.余南平.欧洲社会模式——以欧洲住房政策和住房市场为视角[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2009.11
94.袁秀明.我国住房保障制度设计问题剖析与建议[J].宏观经济研究,2009(7)：27-33
95.约瑟夫·费尔德,李政军译.科斯定理1—2—3[J].经济社会体制比较,2002(5)：72-80
96.杨春志,郑思齐.推进中国城市空间模型的理论研究与实际应用[J].城市发展研究,2012(2)：94-98
97.杨万国.武汉房产公司未经环评在重污染土地建起经适房[N].新京报,2010-11-30.
98.易宪容.中国住房市场的公共政策研究[J].管理世界,2009(10)：62-72
99.殷·罗伯特.案例研究：设计与方法(第2版)[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2004.11
100.曾国安,李少伟.关于中国住房社会保障的几个问题的宏观思考[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008.9, Vol.38, No.5:43-50
101.曾国安.黄石模式：住房保障创新和发展的新模式[J].中国房地产学术版2012.9：14-
102.曾晓安.对PPP模式在城市住房保障体系中的应用研究[J].上海房地,2009
103.宗利永,孙绍荣,顾宝炎.基于多主体建模方法的行为管理制度设计研究[J].管理学报,2011(9)：1318-1334
104.朱晨,岳岚.基于规划调控的英国住房保障措施研究[J].城市发展研究,2007,14(2)：23-28
105.朱莉·鲁格,陈立中译.英国青年人住房政策[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
106.朱亚鹏.住房制度改革-政策创新与住房公平[M].广州：中山大学出版社,2007.3
107.甄峰.城市规划经济学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2011.4
108.郑尚元.居住权保障与住房保障立法之展开——兼谈《住房保障法》起草过程中的诸多疑难问题[J].法治研究,2010：11-19
109.郑思齐.城市经济的空间结构：居住、就业及其衍生问题[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2012.1
110.郑思齐,符育明,任荣荣.住房保障的财政成本承担：中央政府还是地方政府?[J].公共行政评论,2009(6)：109-125
111.张磊,姜雷.发展中国家低收入者住房理论发展轨迹：多元性与渐进性[J].城市发展研究,2011.3Vol18：14-20
112.张国胜,王征.农民工市民化的城市住房政策研究：基于国别经验的比较[J].中国软科学,2007.12：39-46
113.张金鹗等.台北市住宅政策纲领之研究.“中华民国”住宅学会内部报告,2000.11
114.张庭伟.从更广的角度看城市住房改革-房改自身解困的思考[J].城市规划,1991.2：58-59
115.张昕,张宇祥.典型国家和地区住房保障政策的经验与启示[J].宏观经济研究,2008.3：77-79
116.张齐武,徐燕雯.经济适用房还是公共租赁房?—对住房保障政策改革的反思[J].公共管理学报,2010.10 Vol.7：86-92
117.张齐武,周德翼,曾启华.囤房现象形成的原因、影响与治理策略[J].城市发展研究,2012.07vol.19018-026
118.张齐武,徐燕雯.住房保障与住房援助[J].中国科技术语,2012.08 vol.14 31-34
119.张齐武,徐燕雯.试论排污权与排放权的价格评估[J].科技进步与对策,2010(22)：56-59
120.张清勇.住房、住房问题与住房政策：一个综述[J].财贸经济,2008.1：44-51
121.张祚,李江风,李治.国外住房问题和住房政策研究—回顾及启示[J].公共管理学报,2009.10 Vol.6：112-123
122.周其仁.医疗服务的资源动员—医改系列评论之三[N].经济观察报,2007-1-29.
123.周雪光.组织社会学十讲[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2003.12：304-306
124.中国土地学会.土地科学学科发展报告[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2010.4
125.住房和城乡建设部住房改革与发展司等编.国外住房数据报告[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.7.28
126.住房和城乡建设部政策研究中心、中冶置业集团有限公司联合课题组.求索公共租赁住房之路[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2011.5
127.巴泽尔.产权的经济分析[M].上海：上海三联书店\上海人民出版社,1997：2
128. Angel D. Meeting the demand for affordable housing:state intervention in Massachusetts. Housin g Studies,1992(4):243-254.
129. Ambrose BW. A Hazard Rate Analysis of Leavers and Stayers in Assisted Housing Programs. City scape.2005,vol.8:69-93
130. Arimah BC. Housing-sector Performance in Global Perspective:A Cross-city Investigation. Urban Studies, Vol37, No.13:2551-2579,2000
131. Bratt RG. Housing for very Low-income Households:The Record of President Clinton,1993-200 0 [J]. Housing Studies (July 2003), Vol.18, No.4:607-635,
132. Carlson D, Haveman.R, Kaplan T, Wolfe B. Long-term earnings and employment effects of housin g voucher receipt. Journal of Urban Economics,2012 Vol.71:128-150
133. Carlson D, Haveman R, Kaplan T, Wolfe B.Long-term effects of public low-income housing vouc hers on neighborhood quality and household composition. Journal of Housing Economics 2012, v ol.21:101-120
134. Collinson R, Winter B. U.S. Rental Housing Characteristics:Supply, Vacancy, and Affordability. H UD PD&R Working Paper 10-01. http://ssrn.com/abstract= 1583176
135. Donovan S. Greetings from the secretary.2012-12-04. http://portal.hud. gov/hudportal/HUD?src= /hudprograms.
136. Diamond M. Affordable Housing and the Conflict of Competing Goods:A Policy Dilemma. Georg etown Public Law Research Paper 2010-10-07
137. Early DW, Olsen O E. Geographical Price Variation, Housing Assistance and Poverty. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty, Oxford University Press,2011
138. Ellickson RC. The Mediocrity of Government Subsidies to Mixed-Income Housing Projects[J].Ha bitat International 31 (2007):177-192
139. Eriksen MD. The market price of Low-Income Housing Tax Credits. Journal of Urban Economics. 2009 (66):141-149
140. Freeman L. Household Composition and Housing Assistance Examining the Link. Cityscape.200 5,vol.8:49-66
141. Freeman A. A cross national study of tenure patterns, housing costs and taxation and subsidy patte rns. Scandinavian Housing and Policy Research,1997(14):159-174.
142. Forrest R, Lee J. Housing and social change. London:Routledge.2003
143. Galster G. Comparing demand-side and supply-side housing policies:sub-market and spatial persp ectives. Housing Studies,1997.vol.12(4):561-577
144. Gao L. Achievements and Challenges:30 Years of Housing Reforms in the People's Republic of C hina. Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series.2010. No.198
145. Green RK. Thoughts on Rental Housing and Rental Housing Assistance. Cityscape,2011,Vol13.39-56
146. Hall JC and Ryan M. The Economics of Government Housing Assistance for The Poor. Housing A merica:Building Out of a Crisis, Oakland,2009:230-261
147. Henger R, Bizer K. Tradable planning permits for land-use control in Germany. Land Use Policy, 2010(27):843-852
148. Heijden HVD. Social Rented Housing in Western Europe:Developments and Expectations. Urban Studies,2002Vol39, No.2:327-340
149. Ho LS. Privatization of public housing:An analysis of policy alternatives. Contemporary Economi c Policy.1995:53-64
150. Ho LS, Wong G W. The first step on the housing ladder:A natural experiment in Hong Kong. Jour nal of Housing Economics. Vol 18,2009.59-67
151. Housing Standards and Improvement Regeneration Directorate, Walsall Council. Housing Renewa 1 Assistance Policy 2011-2012(draft). Walsall England,Jan 2011
152. Ellen I, Schill M, et al. Housing Production Subsidies and Neighborhood Revitalization:New Yor k City's Ten-Year Capital Plan for Housing. FRBNY Economic Policy Review.2003:71-85
153. Ellen I, Schill M,et al. The Role of Cities in Providing Housing Assistance:A New York Perspecti ve. Working Paper No.04-002.2004
154. Iglesias T. Our Pluralist Housing Ethics and Public-Private Partnerships for Affordable Housing.2 008. http://works.bepress.com/tim_iglesias/7
155. Jin Y, Zeng ZX. Real estate and optimal public policy in a credit-constrained economy[J].Journal of Housing Economics,2007(16):143-166
156. Katz B, Turner MA, Brown KD,Cunningham M,Sawyer N. Rethinking Local Affordable Housing Strategies:Lessons Form 70 Years of Policy and Practice. The Brookings Institution Center on Ur ban and Metropolitan Policy and The Urban Institute.2003.11
157. Keivania R, Wernab E. Modes of housing provision in developing countries. Progress in Planning, Vol.55 (2001):65-118
158. Kemeny J. From public Housing to the Social Market:Rental Policy Strategies in Comparative Pe rspective, London:Routledge.1995
159. Koning RH and Ridder G. Rent assistance and housing Demand. Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 661997:1-31.
160. Kleinman M. Meeting housing needs through the market:an assessment of housing policies and th e supply/demand balance in France and Great Britain. Housing Studies,1995(10):17-38
161. Levitin AJ, Wachter MS. Explaining the Housing Bubble. Georgetown Business, Economics and Regulatory Law Research Paper 2010:10-16.
162. Leung CKY, et al. Public housing units vs. housing vouchers:Accessibility, Local public goods, an d welfare. Journal of Housing Economics,2012 Vol.21:310-321
163. Lux M, Sunega P.The future of housing systems after the transition-The case of the Czech Repub lic. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 2010:221-231
164. Markham M. POLAND:Housing Challenge in A Time of Transition. Housing Policy in the United States:The Intersection of the Public and Private Sectors in Housing Finance,2003.5:1-13
165. Mak WKS, Choya L, Ho KOW. Privatization, housing conditions and affordability in the People's Republic of China. Habitat International 31 (2007):177-192
166. McClure K. Rent Burden in the Housing Choice Voucher Program. Cityscape.2005, vol.8:5-38
167. Mills DE. Transferable development rights markets Journal of Urban Economics.1980(1),Vol.7:6 3-74
168. Gabriel M,Jacobs K. Opportunities and Constraints in State Housing Policy:The Example of "Tas mania's Affordable Housing Strategy". Urban Policy and Research,2006.Vol.24:539-551
169. Metro Vancouver Affordable Housing Strategy.2007-11-1 http://www.metrovancouver.org
170. Office of Policy Development and Research of HUD. Studies in Assisted Housing. Cityscape,2005: 1-247
171. O'Connell GE. Problems with The US Program Approach to Urban Housing:Can Europe Lead A merica to a Policy Solution in 2002 and Beyond. European Journal of Housing Policy,2002.2:293-307.
172. Orlebeke JC. The Evolution of Low-Income Housing Policy,1949 to 1999. Housing Policy Debat e,2000 Vol11:489-520
173. Olsen EO,et al. The Effects of Different Types of Housing Assistance on Earnings and Employme nt. Cityscape.2005,vol.8.163-183
174. Renee JL. Thirty Years of Trends in Transit-Oriented Development across America. Citeseer,2005. 1-27
175. Ronald R. The Ideology of Home Ownership:Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing, Ne w York:Palgrave Macmillan.2008
176. Powell B,Stringham E,Moore T A. Housing Supply and Affordability:Do Affordable Housing Ma ndates Work?. Policy Study,2004(318):1-48
177. Pinto MS. Assistance to poor households when income is not observed:targeted in-kind and in-cas h transfers. Journal of Urban Economics,2004 Vol.3:536-553.
178. Poister TH. Public Program Analysis:Applied Methods. Baltimore:University Park Press,1978:9.
179. Quigley MJ. Rental Housing Assistance? Program On Housing And Urban Policy. Working Paper NO. W11-002.2011
180. Sengupta U. Government intervention and public-private partnerships in housing delivery in Kolk ata. Habitat International,2006:448-461
181. Singapore. Housing And Development Board. HDB Annual Report 2011/2012,2011-1-1 http://w ww.hdb.gov.sg/
182. Shroder M. Does housing assistance perversely affect self-sufficiency? A review essay. Journal of Housing Economics 2002(11):381-417
183. Skaburskis A and Mok D. The Impact of Withdrawing Subsidies for New Rental Housing:Projecti ons for Toronto and the Rest of Ontario. Housing Studies, Vol.15, No.2169-194,2000
184. Suchman EA. Evaluation Research:Principle and Practice in Public Service and Action Program. N. Y. Ressell Sage Foundation,1967.61.
185. Shlay BA. Low-income Homeownership:American Dream or Delusion? Urban Studies,2006,Vol. 43:511-531
186. Susin S. Rent vouchers and the price of low-income housing. Journal of Public Economics 83 (20 02):109-152
187. Stavins NR.Transaction Costs and Tradable Permits. Journal of Environmental Economics and Ma nagement 29 (1995):133-148.
188. Tatian PA, Snow C. The Effects of Housing Assistance on Income, Earnings, and Employment. Cit yscape.2005,vol.8:135-147
189. Tse R, Ho CW, Ganesan S. Matching housing supply and demand:an empirical study of Hong Kon g's market. Construction Management and Economics (1999) 17:625-633
190. U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development. The Budget For Fiscal Year 2011.2012-1 2-1.http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD
191. U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development. Annual Report on Fair Housing, FY 2010, 2011-12-1.http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD
192. U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development. Quality Control for Rental Assistance Sub sidy Determinations Final Report for FY 2007.2011-12-1.http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD
193. Wang R. The Structure of Chinese Urban Land Prices:Estimates from Benchmark Land Price Data . Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economy.2007.
194. Wong TC, Yap A. From universal public housing to meeting the increasing aspiration for private h ousing in Singapore. Habitat International.27 (2003):361-380
195. Williams P, Salisbury N, Opportunities for institutional investment in affordable housing. Report t o the HCA Housing Finance Group,2011:1-19
196. Yates J, Whitehead C. In Defence of Greater Agnosticism:A Response to Galster's Comparing De mand-side and Supply-side Housing Policies. Housing Studies.1998.Vol.13:415-423
2. 爱德华·L·格莱泽,约瑟夫·乔科,陈立中,陈一方译.美国联邦住房政策反思：如何增加住房供给和提高住房可支付性[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
3. 巴曙松,王志峰.资金来源、制度变革与国际经验借鉴：源自公共廉租房[J].改革,2010.3Vol.193：80-86
4. 彼得(M.杰克逊,郭庆旺等译.公共部门经济学前沿问题[M].北京：中国税务出版社,2000.1
5. 边燕杰,刘勇利.社会分层、住房产权与居住质量—对中国“五普”数据的分析[J].社会学研究,2005.3：82-95
6. 陈德湖.排污权交易理论及其研究综述[J].外国经济与管理Vol.26 2004.05：45
7. 陈淮.发展住房保障制度是缓解住房矛盾的关键[J].经济与管理研究,2006.3：9-12
8. 陈劲松等.世联观察景气循环中的市场2007-2009[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009
9. 陈杰.城市居民住房解决方案-理论与国际经验[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2009
10.陈杰.停建经济适用房,兴办公共租赁房,以制度创新来实现上海住房保障事业的新突破.20 10-02-04. http://jiech.blog.sohu.com/143845626.html.
11.陈杰.制度经济学视角下的中国住房制度变迁分析[J].社会科学辑刊2010b(06)vol.191：104-108
12.成思危.中国住房政策探讨[J].中国流通经济2011(6)：4-9
13.戴维·莫林斯,艾伦·穆里,陈立中译.英国住房政策[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
14.董立.新加坡的房屋发展署及其公共住房[J].人类居住2000,03
15.邓小平.邓小平文选(第三卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993.10
16.邓卫、宋杨.住宅经济学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.3：155
17.邓宏乾,王贤磊,陈峰.我国保障住房供给体系并轨问题研究[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)2012.5Vol.51,No.3:29-37
18.丁成日.城市经济与城市政策[M].北京：商务印书馆,2008.1
19.丁成日.中国城市的人口密度高吗?[J].城市规划,2004(8)：43-06
20.丁学良.辩论“中国模式”[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009.7
21.杜金锋,冯长春.限价商品住房政策基础理论研究[J].城市发展研究2009(5)Vol16：102-108
22.菲利普·麦卡恩,李寿德,蒋录全译.城市与区域经济学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2010.2
23.耿继进.房地产政策：仿真与实验[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2011.5
24.郭玉坤、杨坤.住房保障对象划分研究[J].城市发展研究,2009(9)V01.16：15-21
25.郭巍青、江绍文.混合福利视角下的住房政策分析[J].吉林大学社会科学学报2010(03)vol50：128-133
26.郭士征,张腾.“三元到四维”住房保障体系的构建[J].探索与争鸣,2010(8)
27.何一鸣.产权管制放松理论-验证于中国的农地制度变迁(1958～2008年).[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2010.11
28.胡挺.基于Agent模型的房地产市场复杂自适应研究[J].现代管理科学,2010(01)：72-75
29.焦怡雪,城市居住弱势群体住房保障的规划问题研究[D].中国城市规划院,2007
30.焦建国,郎大鹏.住房社会保障制度：由来、问题、借鉴与改进建议[J].经济研究参考,2005(76)：31-37
31.吉姆·凯梅尼,王韬译.从公共住房到社会市场-租赁住房政策的比较研究[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.6
32.金观涛.探索现代社会的起源[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2010.5
33.景娟,刘志林,满燕云.低收入住房政策的国际经验借鉴：需求方补贴[J].城市发展研究,：201 0.6 Vol17No6:56-64
34.吕萍,甄辉,城乡统筹发展中统一住房保障体系的建设[J].城市发展研究,2010.1 vol17123-128
35.李大宇,米加宁,徐磊.公共政策仿真方法：原理、应用与前景[J].公共管理学报,2011.10,Vol.8：8-13
36.李国敏,卢珂.公共性：中国城市住房政策的理性回归[J].中国行政管理,2011(7)51-55
37.李晶.完善保障性租赁住房政策的必要性研究[J].城市规划,2008,32(5)45-50
38.李晶.英国劳动力移民的住房政策及启示[J].国际城市规划,2010,vol25.(5)103-114
39.李涛,史宇鹏,陈斌开.住房与幸福：幸福经济学视角下的中国城镇居民住房问题[J].经济研究,2011(11)：69-84
40.李文斌.美国不同时期的住房补贴政策：实施效果的评价与启发[J].城市发展研究,2007 Vol.14(3)：77-81
41.李薇辉,傅尔基.创新上海住房保障体系的构想[J].上海经济研究,200704：67-77
42.李扬,汪利娜,殷剑峰.普遍住房保障制度比较和对中国的启示[J].财贸经济,2008(1)
43.李宇明.谈术语本士化、规范化与国际化[J].中国科技术语,2007.8：5-10
44.李强.当代中国社会分层：测量与分析[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2010.4：140
45.凌维慈.公法视野下的住房保障-以日本为研究对象[M].上海：上海三联书店,2010.8
46.林荣茂.经济适用房划拨用地补贴与货币补贴的福利、效率与产权分析[J].中国土地科学,2006.8 Vol.4：9-14
47.林卡,高红.中国经济适用房制度发展动力和制度背景分析[J].中国软科学,2007.1：23-34
48.刘佳燕.1940年代以来巴西公共住房政策发展评析和启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,vol27.(4)43-50
49.刘妙龙,陈鹏.基于细胞自动机与多主体系统理论的城市模拟原型模型[J].地理科学,2006,vol26.(3)292-299
50.刘云,宁奇峰、陈伟.香港保障性住房供应体系的特点及其启示[J].上海经济研究,2002(04)：61-65
51.刘志峰.住房政策法规文库·从书序二[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
52.陆铭.中国城市化的南辕北辙.2011-11-11. http://news.cn.yahoo.com/ypen/20111115/700361_2.html.
53.陆铭.城市不死-在上海中青年区域经济学者论坛的演讲[N].东方早报,2013-03-12.
54.陆学艺,宋国恺,胡建国等.当代中国社会结构[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2010.1
55.姜琳.新华时评：北京市看不懂、想不通的公租房价.2010-08-01.http://finance.qq.com/a/2010 0801/000520.htm.
56.马万里,陈玮.建立健全面向农民工的城市住房保障体系研究——杭州农民工基本住房状况调查与政策建议[J].城市规划,2008(2008)05：38-45
57.马光红,李宪立.建立健全保障性住房规划建设管理体制研究—基于廉租房的视角[J].城市发展研究,2010 Vol.17(4)：64-68
58.马朝琦,雷晓康.美国公共政策绩效评估方法及借鉴[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社科版),2006.9：80-85
59.满燕云,隆国强,景娟等.中国低收入住房：现状及政策设计[M].北京：商务印书馆,2011.12
60.茅于轼.住房保障应采取货币补贴.2011-11-16.http://finance.ifeng.com/opinion/mssd/2011-11-16.
61.内斯特·M-戴维斯等.美国经济适用房与公私合营关系.[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.2
62.平山洋介[日],丁恒译.日本住宅政策的问题-展望“自有房产社会”的将来[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
63.钱瑛瑛.中国住房保障政策研究-经济适用房与廉租住房[J].中国房地产,2003(8)：57-60
64.让·克劳德·德里昂[法].马璇,姚鑫译.欧洲与法国社会住房政策的主要问题[J].国际城市规划,2009 Vol.24(4)：22-27
65.让-欧仁·阿韦尔[法].齐淑琴译.居住与住房[M].北京：商务印书馆,1996.5
66.容乐,陈立中译.香港住房政策：基于社会公平视角的案例研究[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
67.宋博通.政府兴建住房与货币补贴成本比较研究[J].深圳大学学报(理工版)2001(03)vol18：71-78
68.宋博通.从公共住房到租金优惠券-美国低收入阶层住房政策演化解析[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,(4)：65-69
69.苏志超.台湾地区农地权益制度与农地生产效率[J].中国土地科学,1998(6),Vol.12：6-17
70.孙刚,陆铭,张吉鹏.反腐败、市场建设与经济增长[J].经济学(季刊),2005.10 V0l.4:1-22
71.石薇.基于美国经验的上海市公共租赁房发展对策[J].科学发展,2011.5：108-113
72.上海社会科学院房地产业研究中心、上海市房产经济学会编.发展中国公共租赁住房机制和对策研究[M].上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2010.7
73.谭兵.香港、澳门、内地社会援助比较研究[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009.7
74.谭荣,曲福田.中国农地发展权之路：治理结构改革代替产权结构改革[J].管理世界2010.6：56-64
75.陶雪良,刘洪玉.北京市经济适用住房供给规模影响因素的实证分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010.3：464-471
76.陶雪良,刘洪玉.城市公共住房政策的起因与归结[J].财政研究,2008.9：33-35
77.田一淋,马光红.以中间组织为枢纽的PPP模式住房保障体系探讨[J].建筑经济,2008.7
78.汪利娜.我国保障性住房政策演变及思考[J].现代城市研究,2009.12：7-12
79.汪冬宁,汤小橹,金晓斌,周寅康.基于土地成本和居住品质的保障住房选址研究——以江苏省南京市为例[J].城市规划,2010,34(3)：57-61
80.王俊,龚强,刘冲.基于参数模拟的中国物业税调控能力研究[J].管理科学学报,2011.12：87-97
81.王松涛.中国住房市场政府干预的原理与效果评价[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.7
82.威廉·N·邓恩.公共政策分析导论(第二版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：437
83.魏礼群.加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设-十七大报告辅导读本[M].北京：人民出版社,2007.10：311～315
84.武汉市经济研究所.2011武汉发展报告[M].武汉：武汉出版社,2011.5
85.武汉市人民政府.市人民政府办公厅关于加快发展公共租赁住房的意见.内部资料,2011.1
86.谢识予.经济博弈论(第三版)[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2010.8
87.许德风.住房租赁合同的社会控制[J].中国社会科学,2009(3)：125-141
88.许庆,章元.土地调整、地权稳定性与农民长期投资激励[J]经济研究,2005(10)Vol.4：59-69
89.姚洋.农地制度与农业绩效的实证研究[J].中国农村观察,1998(6)：1-10
90.叶前,詹奕嘉.倒卖利润高违规成本低追问”住经适房开奔驰”现象.2010-04-04. http://www.chin adaily.com.cn/hqcj/fcdt/2010-04-04/content_112436.html.
91.尹志超,甘犁.中国住房改革对家庭耐用品消费的影响[J]经济学(季刊),2009.10 Vol9Nol:53-72
92.余凌志.廉租住房保障水平研究.[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学图书馆,2007：5-11
93.余南平.欧洲社会模式——以欧洲住房政策和住房市场为视角[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2009.11
94.袁秀明.我国住房保障制度设计问题剖析与建议[J].宏观经济研究,2009(7)：27-33
95.约瑟夫·费尔德,李政军译.科斯定理1—2—3[J].经济社会体制比较,2002(5)：72-80
96.杨春志,郑思齐.推进中国城市空间模型的理论研究与实际应用[J].城市发展研究,2012(2)：94-98
97.杨万国.武汉房产公司未经环评在重污染土地建起经适房[N].新京报,2010-11-30.
98.易宪容.中国住房市场的公共政策研究[J].管理世界,2009(10)：62-72
99.殷·罗伯特.案例研究：设计与方法(第2版)[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2004.11
100.曾国安,李少伟.关于中国住房社会保障的几个问题的宏观思考[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008.9, Vol.38, No.5:43-50
101.曾国安.黄石模式：住房保障创新和发展的新模式[J].中国房地产学术版2012.9：14-
102.曾晓安.对PPP模式在城市住房保障体系中的应用研究[J].上海房地,2009
103.宗利永,孙绍荣,顾宝炎.基于多主体建模方法的行为管理制度设计研究[J].管理学报,2011(9)：1318-1334
104.朱晨,岳岚.基于规划调控的英国住房保障措施研究[J].城市发展研究,2007,14(2)：23-28
105.朱莉·鲁格,陈立中译.英国青年人住房政策[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2012.3
106.朱亚鹏.住房制度改革-政策创新与住房公平[M].广州：中山大学出版社,2007.3
107.甄峰.城市规划经济学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2011.4
108.郑尚元.居住权保障与住房保障立法之展开——兼谈《住房保障法》起草过程中的诸多疑难问题[J].法治研究,2010：11-19
109.郑思齐.城市经济的空间结构：居住、就业及其衍生问题[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2012.1
110.郑思齐,符育明,任荣荣.住房保障的财政成本承担：中央政府还是地方政府?[J].公共行政评论,2009(6)：109-125
111.张磊,姜雷.发展中国家低收入者住房理论发展轨迹：多元性与渐进性[J].城市发展研究,2011.3Vol18：14-20
112.张国胜,王征.农民工市民化的城市住房政策研究：基于国别经验的比较[J].中国软科学,2007.12：39-46
113.张金鹗等.台北市住宅政策纲领之研究.“中华民国”住宅学会内部报告,2000.11
114.张庭伟.从更广的角度看城市住房改革-房改自身解困的思考[J].城市规划,1991.2：58-59
115.张昕,张宇祥.典型国家和地区住房保障政策的经验与启示[J].宏观经济研究,2008.3：77-79
116.张齐武,徐燕雯.经济适用房还是公共租赁房?—对住房保障政策改革的反思[J].公共管理学报,2010.10 Vol.7：86-92
117.张齐武,周德翼,曾启华.囤房现象形成的原因、影响与治理策略[J].城市发展研究,2012.07vol.19018-026
118.张齐武,徐燕雯.住房保障与住房援助[J].中国科技术语,2012.08 vol.14 31-34
119.张齐武,徐燕雯.试论排污权与排放权的价格评估[J].科技进步与对策,2010(22)：56-59
120.张清勇.住房、住房问题与住房政策：一个综述[J].财贸经济,2008.1：44-51
121.张祚,李江风,李治.国外住房问题和住房政策研究—回顾及启示[J].公共管理学报,2009.10 Vol.6：112-123
122.周其仁.医疗服务的资源动员—医改系列评论之三[N].经济观察报,2007-1-29.
123.周雪光.组织社会学十讲[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2003.12：304-306
124.中国土地学会.土地科学学科发展报告[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2010.4
125.住房和城乡建设部住房改革与发展司等编.国外住房数据报告[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.7.28
126.住房和城乡建设部政策研究中心、中冶置业集团有限公司联合课题组.求索公共租赁住房之路[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2011.5
127.巴泽尔.产权的经济分析[M].上海：上海三联书店\上海人民出版社,1997：2
128. Angel D. Meeting the demand for affordable housing:state intervention in Massachusetts. Housin g Studies,1992(4):243-254.
129. Ambrose BW. A Hazard Rate Analysis of Leavers and Stayers in Assisted Housing Programs. City scape.2005,vol.8:69-93
130. Arimah BC. Housing-sector Performance in Global Perspective:A Cross-city Investigation. Urban Studies, Vol37, No.13:2551-2579,2000
131. Bratt RG. Housing for very Low-income Households:The Record of President Clinton,1993-200 0 [J]. Housing Studies (July 2003), Vol.18, No.4:607-635,
132. Carlson D, Haveman.R, Kaplan T, Wolfe B. Long-term earnings and employment effects of housin g voucher receipt. Journal of Urban Economics,2012 Vol.71:128-150
133. Carlson D, Haveman R, Kaplan T, Wolfe B.Long-term effects of public low-income housing vouc hers on neighborhood quality and household composition. Journal of Housing Economics 2012, v ol.21:101-120
134. Collinson R, Winter B. U.S. Rental Housing Characteristics:Supply, Vacancy, and Affordability. H UD PD&R Working Paper 10-01. http://ssrn.com/abstract= 1583176
135. Donovan S. Greetings from the secretary.2012-12-04. http://portal.hud. gov/hudportal/HUD?src= /hudprograms.
136. Diamond M. Affordable Housing and the Conflict of Competing Goods:A Policy Dilemma. Georg etown Public Law Research Paper 2010-10-07
137. Early DW, Olsen O E. Geographical Price Variation, Housing Assistance and Poverty. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty, Oxford University Press,2011
138. Ellickson RC. The Mediocrity of Government Subsidies to Mixed-Income Housing Projects[J].Ha bitat International 31 (2007):177-192
139. Eriksen MD. The market price of Low-Income Housing Tax Credits. Journal of Urban Economics. 2009 (66):141-149
140. Freeman L. Household Composition and Housing Assistance Examining the Link. Cityscape.200 5,vol.8:49-66
141. Freeman A. A cross national study of tenure patterns, housing costs and taxation and subsidy patte rns. Scandinavian Housing and Policy Research,1997(14):159-174.
142. Forrest R, Lee J. Housing and social change. London:Routledge.2003
143. Galster G. Comparing demand-side and supply-side housing policies:sub-market and spatial persp ectives. Housing Studies,1997.vol.12(4):561-577
144. Gao L. Achievements and Challenges:30 Years of Housing Reforms in the People's Republic of C hina. Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series.2010. No.198
145. Green RK. Thoughts on Rental Housing and Rental Housing Assistance. Cityscape,2011,Vol13.39-56
146. Hall JC and Ryan M. The Economics of Government Housing Assistance for The Poor. Housing A merica:Building Out of a Crisis, Oakland,2009:230-261
147. Henger R, Bizer K. Tradable planning permits for land-use control in Germany. Land Use Policy, 2010(27):843-852
148. Heijden HVD. Social Rented Housing in Western Europe:Developments and Expectations. Urban Studies,2002Vol39, No.2:327-340
149. Ho LS. Privatization of public housing:An analysis of policy alternatives. Contemporary Economi c Policy.1995:53-64
150. Ho LS, Wong G W. The first step on the housing ladder:A natural experiment in Hong Kong. Jour nal of Housing Economics. Vol 18,2009.59-67
151. Housing Standards and Improvement Regeneration Directorate, Walsall Council. Housing Renewa 1 Assistance Policy 2011-2012(draft). Walsall England,Jan 2011
152. Ellen I, Schill M, et al. Housing Production Subsidies and Neighborhood Revitalization:New Yor k City's Ten-Year Capital Plan for Housing. FRBNY Economic Policy Review.2003:71-85
153. Ellen I, Schill M,et al. The Role of Cities in Providing Housing Assistance:A New York Perspecti ve. Working Paper No.04-002.2004
154. Iglesias T. Our Pluralist Housing Ethics and Public-Private Partnerships for Affordable Housing.2 008. http://works.bepress.com/tim_iglesias/7
155. Jin Y, Zeng ZX. Real estate and optimal public policy in a credit-constrained economy[J].Journal of Housing Economics,2007(16):143-166
156. Katz B, Turner MA, Brown KD,Cunningham M,Sawyer N. Rethinking Local Affordable Housing Strategies:Lessons Form 70 Years of Policy and Practice. The Brookings Institution Center on Ur ban and Metropolitan Policy and The Urban Institute.2003.11
157. Keivania R, Wernab E. Modes of housing provision in developing countries. Progress in Planning, Vol.55 (2001):65-118
158. Kemeny J. From public Housing to the Social Market:Rental Policy Strategies in Comparative Pe rspective, London:Routledge.1995
159. Koning RH and Ridder G. Rent assistance and housing Demand. Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 661997:1-31.
160. Kleinman M. Meeting housing needs through the market:an assessment of housing policies and th e supply/demand balance in France and Great Britain. Housing Studies,1995(10):17-38
161. Levitin AJ, Wachter MS. Explaining the Housing Bubble. Georgetown Business, Economics and Regulatory Law Research Paper 2010:10-16.
162. Leung CKY, et al. Public housing units vs. housing vouchers:Accessibility, Local public goods, an d welfare. Journal of Housing Economics,2012 Vol.21:310-321
163. Lux M, Sunega P.The future of housing systems after the transition-The case of the Czech Repub lic. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 2010:221-231
164. Markham M. POLAND:Housing Challenge in A Time of Transition. Housing Policy in the United States:The Intersection of the Public and Private Sectors in Housing Finance,2003.5:1-13
165. Mak WKS, Choya L, Ho KOW. Privatization, housing conditions and affordability in the People's Republic of China. Habitat International 31 (2007):177-192
166. McClure K. Rent Burden in the Housing Choice Voucher Program. Cityscape.2005, vol.8:5-38
167. Mills DE. Transferable development rights markets Journal of Urban Economics.1980(1),Vol.7:6 3-74
168. Gabriel M,Jacobs K. Opportunities and Constraints in State Housing Policy:The Example of "Tas mania's Affordable Housing Strategy". Urban Policy and Research,2006.Vol.24:539-551
169. Metro Vancouver Affordable Housing Strategy.2007-11-1 http://www.metrovancouver.org
170. Office of Policy Development and Research of HUD. Studies in Assisted Housing. Cityscape,2005: 1-247
171. O'Connell GE. Problems with The US Program Approach to Urban Housing:Can Europe Lead A merica to a Policy Solution in 2002 and Beyond. European Journal of Housing Policy,2002.2:293-307.
172. Orlebeke JC. The Evolution of Low-Income Housing Policy,1949 to 1999. Housing Policy Debat e,2000 Vol11:489-520
173. Olsen EO,et al. The Effects of Different Types of Housing Assistance on Earnings and Employme nt. Cityscape.2005,vol.8.163-183
174. Renee JL. Thirty Years of Trends in Transit-Oriented Development across America. Citeseer,2005. 1-27
175. Ronald R. The Ideology of Home Ownership:Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing, Ne w York:Palgrave Macmillan.2008
176. Powell B,Stringham E,Moore T A. Housing Supply and Affordability:Do Affordable Housing Ma ndates Work?. Policy Study,2004(318):1-48
177. Pinto MS. Assistance to poor households when income is not observed:targeted in-kind and in-cas h transfers. Journal of Urban Economics,2004 Vol.3:536-553.
178. Poister TH. Public Program Analysis:Applied Methods. Baltimore:University Park Press,1978:9.
179. Quigley MJ. Rental Housing Assistance? Program On Housing And Urban Policy. Working Paper NO. W11-002.2011
180. Sengupta U. Government intervention and public-private partnerships in housing delivery in Kolk ata. Habitat International,2006:448-461
181. Singapore. Housing And Development Board. HDB Annual Report 2011/2012,2011-1-1 http://w ww.hdb.gov.sg/
182. Shroder M. Does housing assistance perversely affect self-sufficiency? A review essay. Journal of Housing Economics 2002(11):381-417
183. Skaburskis A and Mok D. The Impact of Withdrawing Subsidies for New Rental Housing:Projecti ons for Toronto and the Rest of Ontario. Housing Studies, Vol.15, No.2169-194,2000
184. Suchman EA. Evaluation Research:Principle and Practice in Public Service and Action Program. N. Y. Ressell Sage Foundation,1967.61.
185. Shlay BA. Low-income Homeownership:American Dream or Delusion? Urban Studies,2006,Vol. 43:511-531
186. Susin S. Rent vouchers and the price of low-income housing. Journal of Public Economics 83 (20 02):109-152
187. Stavins NR.Transaction Costs and Tradable Permits. Journal of Environmental Economics and Ma nagement 29 (1995):133-148.
188. Tatian PA, Snow C. The Effects of Housing Assistance on Income, Earnings, and Employment. Cit yscape.2005,vol.8:135-147
189. Tse R, Ho CW, Ganesan S. Matching housing supply and demand:an empirical study of Hong Kon g's market. Construction Management and Economics (1999) 17:625-633
190. U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development. The Budget For Fiscal Year 2011.2012-1 2-1.http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD
191. U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development. Annual Report on Fair Housing, FY 2010, 2011-12-1.http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD
192. U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development. Quality Control for Rental Assistance Sub sidy Determinations Final Report for FY 2007.2011-12-1.http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD
193. Wang R. The Structure of Chinese Urban Land Prices:Estimates from Benchmark Land Price Data . Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economy.2007.
194. Wong TC, Yap A. From universal public housing to meeting the increasing aspiration for private h ousing in Singapore. Habitat International.27 (2003):361-380
195. Williams P, Salisbury N, Opportunities for institutional investment in affordable housing. Report t o the HCA Housing Finance Group,2011:1-19
196. Yates J, Whitehead C. In Defence of Greater Agnosticism:A Response to Galster's Comparing De mand-side and Supply-side Housing Policies. Housing Studies.1998.Vol.13:415-423