软土地铁车站结构三维地震响应计算理论与方法的研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的快速发展，我国城市地铁建设的规模正日益扩大，同时为了合理开发、利用地下空间，地铁车站常要结合周边开发，为了与其他附属结构一起工作，其地下连续墙体可能是不连续的，这对于地下车站结构的抗震提出了新的问题，原来的一些设计和施工方面的抗震措施、方法、手段等可能要做一些调整以满足复杂地下结构的抗震需要。因此，对典型地铁车站结构及侧向连续开孔的地下综合体结构，结合工程实践进行抗震研究，不仅是必要的，而且是紧迫的。
阪神地震清楚地表明：在地层可能发生较大变形的部位，地铁等地下结构可能会出现严重震害，因此对其抗震问题应给予高度重视。目前，对地下铁道开展建立抗震设计理论和方法的研究正逐渐得到人们的关注，且迄今已提出多种算法，然而由不同的计算方法或模型得出的计算结果之间常有很大的差异，且很难鉴别各自结果的合理性，因此，有必要加强对地下结构抗震理论和计算方法以及地下结构破坏机理的研究。试验研究是解决这类问题的有效手段，计算机和数值模拟计算技术的快速发展，也给解决这类问题提供了有力的工具。
本文在对上海典型软土地铁车站结振动台模型试验拟合分析的基础上，建立了一种计算软土地铁车站结构三维地震响应的计算方法，并将其应用于工程实践，研究了典型软土地铁车站结构与地下综合体结构的三维地震响应规律。
论文进行的工作及取得的创新成果主要有：
1．在对上海软土静、动力特性试验数据进行比较分析的基础上，提出一种多项式拟合公式，用于描述上海软土静、动力特性参数间的关系。在工程初步设计阶段或缺乏土动力特性参数试验资料的场合时，可用于近似确定土的动力特性参数值；
2．通过对上海典型软土地铁车站结构振动台模型试验取得的数据进行拟合分析，建立一种典型地铁车站结构模型地震响应的三维计算方法；
3．根据基于典型软土地铁车站结构模型的三维计算方法，通过分析建立一种实际软土地铁车站结构三维地震响应的计算方法；
4．将建立的计算方法用于工程实践，研究典型软土地铁车站结构及地铁10号线江湾地铁车站连续开孔结构的抗震稳定性。
最后，对全文的研究工作进行了总结，并讨论了今后进一步的工作。
With the rapid development of economy, the dimension of subway constructionis extended increasingly. And at the same time, in order to work together with theaffiliated structures, some more and more subway station structures often constructedwith the exploitation of underground space, which makes their continuous wall to bediscontinuous. So, it is a challenge to subway station structures of its aseismaticability. Some old aseismatic measures and methods in design and construction needadjust to satisfy the aseismatic demand of complicated subway station structures. It isnecessary and pressing to study the aseismatic ability of typical subway stationstructures and underground syntheses.
It is showed clearly from Kobe Earthquake and other large earthquake in thehistory that the destructive degree caused by seismic will be enlarged in soft soil areas.The depth of soft soil in Shanghai is about from 250m to 300m. Silty clay, clay andthe liquefiable silt are common in the shallow soil layer, which can magnify the harmto the underground structures during seismic. Much attention should be paid toanalysis theory and design method for subway station structures and tunnels in softsoil in Shanghai. People have begun to attach importance to establish seismic designtheory and calculation method in recent ten years, and several calculation methodshave been proposed. But, there were obvious differences between the calculationresults by different calculation methods or calculation model because of too manyinfluencing factors to the seismic response of underground structures, and it isdifficult to distinguish their rationality too. Experimental study is an effective meansto solve the problem, and the progress of computer and calculation technique is alsoprovides a powerful tool.
A three-dimensional calculation method, which used to calculatethree-dimensional seismic response of subway station structures in soft soil, will beestablished based on the fitting analysis of the shaking table model test of subwaystation structures. Then, the method will be applied to engineering practice to studythe seismic response rule of typical subway station structures and undergroundsyntheses.
The main content of the paper including the followings four aspects:
1. A polynomial fitting formula will be proposed based on the fitting analysis of the data coming from the soil dynamic test. The formula can be used to fitting therelation between static and dynamic parameters of soft soil in Shanghai. The dynamicparameters can be determined approximatively by the formula when the soil dynamictest data is lacking or in the elementary design stage of the engineering;
2. The typical subway station structures shaking table model tests were fitted andanalyzed, and a three dimensional calculation method on seismic response of subwaystation structures model is established;
3. A three-dimensional calculation method on seismic response of subway stationstructures is established based on the three dimensional calculation method on seismicresponse of subway station structures model;
4. The three-dimensional method will be applied to engineering practice. Thethree-dimensional seismic response of typical subway station structures andunderground syntheses with lateral consecutive holes is studied. The worst parts andthe increased ratio caused by seismic load will be determined. And the seismicbehavior of the structures is verified.
Finally, the research work in the paper is summarized and the problems requiringfurther study are discussed.
阪神地震清楚地表明：在地层可能发生较大变形的部位，地铁等地下结构可能会出现严重震害，因此对其抗震问题应给予高度重视。目前，对地下铁道开展建立抗震设计理论和方法的研究正逐渐得到人们的关注，且迄今已提出多种算法，然而由不同的计算方法或模型得出的计算结果之间常有很大的差异，且很难鉴别各自结果的合理性，因此，有必要加强对地下结构抗震理论和计算方法以及地下结构破坏机理的研究。试验研究是解决这类问题的有效手段，计算机和数值模拟计算技术的快速发展，也给解决这类问题提供了有力的工具。
本文在对上海典型软土地铁车站结振动台模型试验拟合分析的基础上，建立了一种计算软土地铁车站结构三维地震响应的计算方法，并将其应用于工程实践，研究了典型软土地铁车站结构与地下综合体结构的三维地震响应规律。
论文进行的工作及取得的创新成果主要有：
1．在对上海软土静、动力特性试验数据进行比较分析的基础上，提出一种多项式拟合公式，用于描述上海软土静、动力特性参数间的关系。在工程初步设计阶段或缺乏土动力特性参数试验资料的场合时，可用于近似确定土的动力特性参数值；
2．通过对上海典型软土地铁车站结构振动台模型试验取得的数据进行拟合分析，建立一种典型地铁车站结构模型地震响应的三维计算方法；
3．根据基于典型软土地铁车站结构模型的三维计算方法，通过分析建立一种实际软土地铁车站结构三维地震响应的计算方法；
4．将建立的计算方法用于工程实践，研究典型软土地铁车站结构及地铁10号线江湾地铁车站连续开孔结构的抗震稳定性。
最后，对全文的研究工作进行了总结，并讨论了今后进一步的工作。
With the rapid development of economy, the dimension of subway constructionis extended increasingly. And at the same time, in order to work together with theaffiliated structures, some more and more subway station structures often constructedwith the exploitation of underground space, which makes their continuous wall to bediscontinuous. So, it is a challenge to subway station structures of its aseismaticability. Some old aseismatic measures and methods in design and construction needadjust to satisfy the aseismatic demand of complicated subway station structures. It isnecessary and pressing to study the aseismatic ability of typical subway stationstructures and underground syntheses.
It is showed clearly from Kobe Earthquake and other large earthquake in thehistory that the destructive degree caused by seismic will be enlarged in soft soil areas.The depth of soft soil in Shanghai is about from 250m to 300m. Silty clay, clay andthe liquefiable silt are common in the shallow soil layer, which can magnify the harmto the underground structures during seismic. Much attention should be paid toanalysis theory and design method for subway station structures and tunnels in softsoil in Shanghai. People have begun to attach importance to establish seismic designtheory and calculation method in recent ten years, and several calculation methodshave been proposed. But, there were obvious differences between the calculationresults by different calculation methods or calculation model because of too manyinfluencing factors to the seismic response of underground structures, and it isdifficult to distinguish their rationality too. Experimental study is an effective meansto solve the problem, and the progress of computer and calculation technique is alsoprovides a powerful tool.
A three-dimensional calculation method, which used to calculatethree-dimensional seismic response of subway station structures in soft soil, will beestablished based on the fitting analysis of the shaking table model test of subwaystation structures. Then, the method will be applied to engineering practice to studythe seismic response rule of typical subway station structures and undergroundsyntheses.
The main content of the paper including the followings four aspects:
1. A polynomial fitting formula will be proposed based on the fitting analysis of the data coming from the soil dynamic test. The formula can be used to fitting therelation between static and dynamic parameters of soft soil in Shanghai. The dynamicparameters can be determined approximatively by the formula when the soil dynamictest data is lacking or in the elementary design stage of the engineering;
2. The typical subway station structures shaking table model tests were fitted andanalyzed, and a three dimensional calculation method on seismic response of subwaystation structures model is established;
3. A three-dimensional calculation method on seismic response of subway stationstructures is established based on the three dimensional calculation method on seismicresponse of subway station structures model;
4. The three-dimensional method will be applied to engineering practice. Thethree-dimensional seismic response of typical subway station structures andunderground syntheses with lateral consecutive holes is studied. The worst parts andthe increased ratio caused by seismic load will be determined. And the seismicbehavior of the structures is verified.
Finally, the research work in the paper is summarized and the problems requiringfurther study are discussed.
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