林可霉素类抗生素、利福平和万古霉素的分子光谱分析新方法研究
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摘要
本文主要研究林可霉素、克林霉素、利福平及万古霉素等抗生素类药物与金属离子反应形成二元配合物以其某些二元配合物进一步与染料形成三元离子缔合物时对吸收光谱、荧光光谱和共振瑞利散射光谱的影响。研究了适宜的反应条件,影响因素及分析化学性质,发展和建立了测定上述药物的一些新分光光度法、荧光法和共振瑞利散射法。主要研究内容如下:
1钯(Ⅱ)-林可霉素-赤藓红体系
在pH为5.0-5.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,林可霉素(Linco)能与钯(Ⅱ)形成1:1的螯合阳离子[Pd·Linco]~(2+),它能进一步与赤藓红(Ery)形成1:1的三元离子缔合物[Lineo·Pd]Ery,此时将引起吸收光谱的变化,在558nm处吸收值与一定浓度范围内的林可霉素成正比,对林可霉素定量测定范围和检出限(3σ)分别为0.27-3.0μg mL~(-1)和0.057μg mL~(-1)。三元离子缔合物还能导致Ery荧光的明显猝灭,对林可霉素定量测定范围和检出限分别为0.2-4.8μg mL~(-1)和0.061μg mL~(-1)。三元离子缔合物的产生更能引起共振瑞利散射的急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,最大RRS波长位于287 nm处,散射增强(△I)与林可霉素浓度在一定范围内成正比,可用于林可霉素的定量测定。RRS法对林可霉素定量测定范围和检出限(3σ)分别为0.052-2.7μg mL~(-1)和0.015μg mL~(-1)。本文实验考察了RRS法适宜的反应条件,研究了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有良好的选择性,并利用RRS法测定了人血清和尿样中的林可霉素。文中还讨论了三元离子缔合物的结构和反应机理,分析了RRS增强的原因。
2钯(Ⅱ)-克林霉素-卤代荧光素体系
在pH为5.0-5.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,克林霉素(Clin)与钯(Ⅱ)形成螯合阳离子,它能进一步与二碘荧光素(DIF),赤藓红,曙红Y(EY)等卤代荧光素类染料反应形成1:1:1的三元离子缔合物,此时将引起吸收光谱变化和荧光猝灭,同时还导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,钯(Ⅱ)-克林霉素与DIF,Ery和EY形成产物的最大散射波长分别位于285nm,287nm,321nm处,另外还有些较弱的散射峰存在。散射增强与克林霉素浓度在一定范围内成正比,可用于克林霉素的定量测定。对于DIF,Ery和EY体系的线性范围和检出限(3σ)分别为0.025-2.1μg mL~(-1)和7.8 ng mL~(-1),0.053-2.4μg mL~(-1)和16.0 ng mL~(-1);以及0.038-2.4μg mL~(-1)和11.0 ng mL~(-1)。本文研究了适宜的反应条件,考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法有较好的选择性,基于三元离子缔合物的RRS光谱,发展了一种高灵敏、简便快速测定克林霉素的新方法。文中还对离子缔合物的组成,结构和反应机理,以及离子缔合物对吸收,荧光和RRS光谱的影响进行了讨论。
3镧(Ⅲ)-利福平体系
在pH4.2-4.6的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,镧(Ⅲ)与利福平作用能反应形成螯合物时能导致共振瑞利散射及二级散射(SOS)、倍频散射(FDS)等共振非线性散射显著增强,并出现新的RRS,SOS和FDS光谱,它们的最大散射波长分别位于338nm(RRS),550nm(SOS)和390nm(FDS),散射强度在一定范围内均与利福平的浓度成正比,方法具有很高的灵敏度,对于利福平的检出限(36)分别为0.8 ng ml~(-1)(RRS)、0.9 ng ml~(-1)(SOS)和1.2 ng m1~(-1)(FDS)。本文研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,并考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有较好的选择性,据此发展了一种以镧(Ⅲ)为探针,以散射法测定利福平滴眼液及人血清、尿液中利福平高灵敏的新方法。
4铊(Ⅲ)-万古霉素-赤藓红体系
在pH5.3-5.5的乙酸—乙酸钠缓冲液中,铊(Ⅲ)能氧化赤藓红而使之褪色,其最大褪色波长位于526 nm处,而加入万古霉素能抑制该褪色反应的进行。基于此反应,发展了一种简便,灵敏和快速的测定万古霉素的分光光度法。该方法线性范围0.2-2.0μgml~(-1),摩尔吸光系数7.02x10~5 Lmol~(-1)cm~(-1),检出限66.0ng ml~(-1)。文中考察了方法适宜的反应条件和影响因素,检验了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有良好的选择性,可应用于市售万古霉素针剂中万古霉素含量测定。
5汞(Ⅱ)-万古霉素体系
在pH6.6-7.2的BR缓冲溶液中,汞(Ⅱ)与万古霉素作用能反应形成螯合物,并导致共振瑞利散射及二级散射、倍频散射等共振非线性散射显著增强,并出现新的RRS,SOS和FDS光谱,它们的最大散射波长分别位于339nm(RRS),500nm(SOS)和390nm(FDS),散射强度在一定范围内均与利福平的浓度成正比,方法具有很高的灵敏度,对于利福平的检出限(36)分别为3.5 ng mL~(-1)(RRS)、4.0 ng mL~(-1)(SOS)和3.8 ng mL~(-1)(FDS)。本文研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,并考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有较好的选择性,据此发展了一种以汞(Ⅱ)为探针,用共振瑞利散射法测定万古霉素针剂和人血清、尿液中万古霉素的高灵敏的新方法。
This dissertation mainly studied effects on the absorption spectrum,fluorescence spectrum and resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS)spectrum when antibiotics including lincomycin, clindamycin,rifampicin and vancomycin reacted with certain metal ions to form binary complexes and some of these binary complexes further reacted with dyes to from ternary ion associated complexes.The optimum reaction conditions,impact factors and analytical properties were investigated.Some new spectrophometric,fluorescent and resonance Rayleigh scattering method for the determination of these above drugs have been established and validated.Belows are the specific research contents:
1.Palladium(Ⅱ)-Lincomycin-Erythrosine system
In pH 5.0-5.4 HAc-NaAc buffer solution,lincomycin(Linco)could react with Pd(Ⅱ)to form 1:1 cationic chelate,which could further react with erythrosine(Ery)to form 1:1 ion-association complexes[Pd·Linco]Ery.As a result,not only were the absorption and fluorescence spectra changed,but also the resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS)intensity was enhanced greatly.These offered useful means for the determination of Linco by spectrophotometry,fluorescence and RRS.The linear range and detection limit of Linco was 0.27-3.00μg ml~(-1)and 0.057μg ml~(-1)by spectrophotometric method,0.20-4.80μg ml~(-1)and 0.061μg ml~(-1)by fluorescence quenching method,0.05-2.70μg ml~(-1)and 0.015μg ml~(-1)by RRS method,respectively.Among them,RRS method obtained the highest sensitivity. Therefore,the optimum reaction conditions and the influences of coexisting substances were investigated by RRS method.A simple,sensitive and fast method has been developed for the determination of Linco either in the pharmaceutical form or in the human body fluid. Moreover,the structure and reaction mechanism of the ternary complexes were discussed as well as the reasons of RRS enhancement.
2.Palladium(Ⅱ)-Clindamycin-Halofluoresceins system
In pH 5.0-5.4 HAc-NaAc buffer solution,Clindamycin(Clin)could react with Pd(Ⅱ)to form 1:1 cationic chelate,which could further react with halofluorescein dyes such as Diiodofluorescein(DIF),Erythrosine and Eosin Y(EY)to form 1:1 ion-association complexes.As a result,not only the absorption and fluorescence spectra were changed,but also the Resonance Rayleigh Scattering(RRS)intensities enhanced greatly and new RRS spectra appeared.Three reaction products had characteristic RRS spectra and their maximum RRS wavelengths were located at 285 nm(DIF system),287 nm(Ery system)and 321 nm (EY system),respectively.The scattering intensities were proportional to the concentration of Clin in certain range and it could be applied to determine Clin.The linear ranges and detection limits of Clin were 0.025-2.1μg·mL~(-1)and 7.8 ng·mL~(-1)for DIF system,0.053-2.4μg·mL~(-1)and 16.0 ng·mL~(-1)for Ery system,0.038-2.4μg·mL~(-1)and 11.0 ng·mL~(-1)for EY system, respectively.In this work,the optimum reaction conditions and the foreign substances were investigated.A simple,sensitive and fast method was developed for the determination of Clin either in the pharmaceutical form or in the human body fluid.Moreover,the composition, structure,reaction mechanism of the ternary complexes and their effects on the absorption, fluorescence and RRS spectra were discussed as well as the reasons of RRS enhancement.
3.Lanthanum(Ⅲ)-Rifampicin system
In pH 4.2-4.6 HAc-NaAc buffer medium,lanthanum(Ⅲ)reacted with rifampicin to form chelate complex,which resulted in the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering, second-order scattering(SOS)and frequency doubling scattering(FDS).The maximum RRS, SOS and FDS wavelengths of the complex was located at 338nm,550nm,and 390nm, respectively.The scattering intensities were directly proportional to the concentrations of rifampicin in certain ranges.The detection limits(3σ)of rifampicin were 0.8 ng ml~(-1)(RRS), 0.9 ng ml~(-1)(SOS)and 1.2 ng ml~(-1)(FDS),respectively.The optimum conditions of RRS method and the composition of complex were studied.The effects of foreign substances were tested and it showed that the method had a good selectivity.Based on the reaction,using lanthanum(Ⅲ)as probe,a sensitive,simple and rapid method for the determination of rifampicin either in eye drops or human serum and urine has been developped.
4.Thallium(Ⅲ)-Vancomycin -Erythrosin System
In pH 5.3-5.5 HAc-NaAc buffer solution,Thallium(Ⅲ)could oxide Erythrosin,which resulted in the hypochromicity and the maximum fading wavelength was located at 526 nm. Adding vancomycin into the system could inhibit this fading reaction.Based on the above phenomena,a simple,sensitive and fast spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of vancomycin.Linear range of this method was 0.2～2.0μg ml~(-1)and molar absorpitivity was 7.02×10~5 L mol~(-1)cm~(-1)and the detection limit was 66.0 ng ml~(-1).The optimum conditions for the reaction and the impact factor were investigated.The interference of foreign substances was examined and it showed this method obtained good selectivity.The proposed method was applied for the determination of vancomycin in the commercial injection.
5.Mercury(Ⅱ)-Vancomycin system
In pH 6.6-7.2 BR buffer medium,mercury(Ⅱ)reacted with vancomycin to form complex, which resulted in the great enhancement of RRS,SOS and FDS.The maximum RRS,SOS and FDS wavelengths of the complex was located at 339nm,500nm,and 390nm,respectively. The scattering intensities were directly proportional to the concentrations of vancomycin in certain ranges.The detection limits(30)of rifampicin were 3.5 ng ml~(-1)(RRS),4.0 ng ml~(-1) (SOS)and 3.8 ng ml~(-1)(FDS),respectively.The optimum conditions of RRS method and the composition of complex were studied.The effects of foreign substances were tested and it showed that the method had a good selectivity.Based on the reaction,using mercury(Ⅱ)as probe,a sensitive,simple and rapid method for the determination of vancomycin either in commercial injections or human serum and urine has been developped.
1钯(Ⅱ)-林可霉素-赤藓红体系
在pH为5.0-5.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,林可霉素(Linco)能与钯(Ⅱ)形成1:1的螯合阳离子[Pd·Linco]~(2+),它能进一步与赤藓红(Ery)形成1:1的三元离子缔合物[Lineo·Pd]Ery,此时将引起吸收光谱的变化,在558nm处吸收值与一定浓度范围内的林可霉素成正比,对林可霉素定量测定范围和检出限(3σ)分别为0.27-3.0μg mL~(-1)和0.057μg mL~(-1)。三元离子缔合物还能导致Ery荧光的明显猝灭,对林可霉素定量测定范围和检出限分别为0.2-4.8μg mL~(-1)和0.061μg mL~(-1)。三元离子缔合物的产生更能引起共振瑞利散射的急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,最大RRS波长位于287 nm处,散射增强(△I)与林可霉素浓度在一定范围内成正比,可用于林可霉素的定量测定。RRS法对林可霉素定量测定范围和检出限(3σ)分别为0.052-2.7μg mL~(-1)和0.015μg mL~(-1)。本文实验考察了RRS法适宜的反应条件,研究了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有良好的选择性,并利用RRS法测定了人血清和尿样中的林可霉素。文中还讨论了三元离子缔合物的结构和反应机理,分析了RRS增强的原因。
2钯(Ⅱ)-克林霉素-卤代荧光素体系
在pH为5.0-5.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,克林霉素(Clin)与钯(Ⅱ)形成螯合阳离子,它能进一步与二碘荧光素(DIF),赤藓红,曙红Y(EY)等卤代荧光素类染料反应形成1:1:1的三元离子缔合物,此时将引起吸收光谱变化和荧光猝灭,同时还导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,钯(Ⅱ)-克林霉素与DIF,Ery和EY形成产物的最大散射波长分别位于285nm,287nm,321nm处,另外还有些较弱的散射峰存在。散射增强与克林霉素浓度在一定范围内成正比,可用于克林霉素的定量测定。对于DIF,Ery和EY体系的线性范围和检出限(3σ)分别为0.025-2.1μg mL~(-1)和7.8 ng mL~(-1),0.053-2.4μg mL~(-1)和16.0 ng mL~(-1);以及0.038-2.4μg mL~(-1)和11.0 ng mL~(-1)。本文研究了适宜的反应条件,考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法有较好的选择性,基于三元离子缔合物的RRS光谱,发展了一种高灵敏、简便快速测定克林霉素的新方法。文中还对离子缔合物的组成,结构和反应机理,以及离子缔合物对吸收,荧光和RRS光谱的影响进行了讨论。
3镧(Ⅲ)-利福平体系
在pH4.2-4.6的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,镧(Ⅲ)与利福平作用能反应形成螯合物时能导致共振瑞利散射及二级散射(SOS)、倍频散射(FDS)等共振非线性散射显著增强,并出现新的RRS,SOS和FDS光谱,它们的最大散射波长分别位于338nm(RRS),550nm(SOS)和390nm(FDS),散射强度在一定范围内均与利福平的浓度成正比,方法具有很高的灵敏度,对于利福平的检出限(36)分别为0.8 ng ml~(-1)(RRS)、0.9 ng ml~(-1)(SOS)和1.2 ng m1~(-1)(FDS)。本文研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,并考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有较好的选择性,据此发展了一种以镧(Ⅲ)为探针,以散射法测定利福平滴眼液及人血清、尿液中利福平高灵敏的新方法。
4铊(Ⅲ)-万古霉素-赤藓红体系
在pH5.3-5.5的乙酸—乙酸钠缓冲液中,铊(Ⅲ)能氧化赤藓红而使之褪色,其最大褪色波长位于526 nm处,而加入万古霉素能抑制该褪色反应的进行。基于此反应,发展了一种简便,灵敏和快速的测定万古霉素的分光光度法。该方法线性范围0.2-2.0μgml~(-1),摩尔吸光系数7.02x10~5 Lmol~(-1)cm~(-1),检出限66.0ng ml~(-1)。文中考察了方法适宜的反应条件和影响因素,检验了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有良好的选择性,可应用于市售万古霉素针剂中万古霉素含量测定。
5汞(Ⅱ)-万古霉素体系
在pH6.6-7.2的BR缓冲溶液中,汞(Ⅱ)与万古霉素作用能反应形成螯合物,并导致共振瑞利散射及二级散射、倍频散射等共振非线性散射显著增强,并出现新的RRS,SOS和FDS光谱,它们的最大散射波长分别位于339nm(RRS),500nm(SOS)和390nm(FDS),散射强度在一定范围内均与利福平的浓度成正比,方法具有很高的灵敏度,对于利福平的检出限(36)分别为3.5 ng mL~(-1)(RRS)、4.0 ng mL~(-1)(SOS)和3.8 ng mL~(-1)(FDS)。本文研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,并考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法具有较好的选择性,据此发展了一种以汞(Ⅱ)为探针,用共振瑞利散射法测定万古霉素针剂和人血清、尿液中万古霉素的高灵敏的新方法。
This dissertation mainly studied effects on the absorption spectrum,fluorescence spectrum and resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS)spectrum when antibiotics including lincomycin, clindamycin,rifampicin and vancomycin reacted with certain metal ions to form binary complexes and some of these binary complexes further reacted with dyes to from ternary ion associated complexes.The optimum reaction conditions,impact factors and analytical properties were investigated.Some new spectrophometric,fluorescent and resonance Rayleigh scattering method for the determination of these above drugs have been established and validated.Belows are the specific research contents:
1.Palladium(Ⅱ)-Lincomycin-Erythrosine system
In pH 5.0-5.4 HAc-NaAc buffer solution,lincomycin(Linco)could react with Pd(Ⅱ)to form 1:1 cationic chelate,which could further react with erythrosine(Ery)to form 1:1 ion-association complexes[Pd·Linco]Ery.As a result,not only were the absorption and fluorescence spectra changed,but also the resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS)intensity was enhanced greatly.These offered useful means for the determination of Linco by spectrophotometry,fluorescence and RRS.The linear range and detection limit of Linco was 0.27-3.00μg ml~(-1)and 0.057μg ml~(-1)by spectrophotometric method,0.20-4.80μg ml~(-1)and 0.061μg ml~(-1)by fluorescence quenching method,0.05-2.70μg ml~(-1)and 0.015μg ml~(-1)by RRS method,respectively.Among them,RRS method obtained the highest sensitivity. Therefore,the optimum reaction conditions and the influences of coexisting substances were investigated by RRS method.A simple,sensitive and fast method has been developed for the determination of Linco either in the pharmaceutical form or in the human body fluid. Moreover,the structure and reaction mechanism of the ternary complexes were discussed as well as the reasons of RRS enhancement.
2.Palladium(Ⅱ)-Clindamycin-Halofluoresceins system
In pH 5.0-5.4 HAc-NaAc buffer solution,Clindamycin(Clin)could react with Pd(Ⅱ)to form 1:1 cationic chelate,which could further react with halofluorescein dyes such as Diiodofluorescein(DIF),Erythrosine and Eosin Y(EY)to form 1:1 ion-association complexes.As a result,not only the absorption and fluorescence spectra were changed,but also the Resonance Rayleigh Scattering(RRS)intensities enhanced greatly and new RRS spectra appeared.Three reaction products had characteristic RRS spectra and their maximum RRS wavelengths were located at 285 nm(DIF system),287 nm(Ery system)and 321 nm (EY system),respectively.The scattering intensities were proportional to the concentration of Clin in certain range and it could be applied to determine Clin.The linear ranges and detection limits of Clin were 0.025-2.1μg·mL~(-1)and 7.8 ng·mL~(-1)for DIF system,0.053-2.4μg·mL~(-1)and 16.0 ng·mL~(-1)for Ery system,0.038-2.4μg·mL~(-1)and 11.0 ng·mL~(-1)for EY system, respectively.In this work,the optimum reaction conditions and the foreign substances were investigated.A simple,sensitive and fast method was developed for the determination of Clin either in the pharmaceutical form or in the human body fluid.Moreover,the composition, structure,reaction mechanism of the ternary complexes and their effects on the absorption, fluorescence and RRS spectra were discussed as well as the reasons of RRS enhancement.
3.Lanthanum(Ⅲ)-Rifampicin system
In pH 4.2-4.6 HAc-NaAc buffer medium,lanthanum(Ⅲ)reacted with rifampicin to form chelate complex,which resulted in the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering, second-order scattering(SOS)and frequency doubling scattering(FDS).The maximum RRS, SOS and FDS wavelengths of the complex was located at 338nm,550nm,and 390nm, respectively.The scattering intensities were directly proportional to the concentrations of rifampicin in certain ranges.The detection limits(3σ)of rifampicin were 0.8 ng ml~(-1)(RRS), 0.9 ng ml~(-1)(SOS)and 1.2 ng ml~(-1)(FDS),respectively.The optimum conditions of RRS method and the composition of complex were studied.The effects of foreign substances were tested and it showed that the method had a good selectivity.Based on the reaction,using lanthanum(Ⅲ)as probe,a sensitive,simple and rapid method for the determination of rifampicin either in eye drops or human serum and urine has been developped.
4.Thallium(Ⅲ)-Vancomycin -Erythrosin System
In pH 5.3-5.5 HAc-NaAc buffer solution,Thallium(Ⅲ)could oxide Erythrosin,which resulted in the hypochromicity and the maximum fading wavelength was located at 526 nm. Adding vancomycin into the system could inhibit this fading reaction.Based on the above phenomena,a simple,sensitive and fast spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of vancomycin.Linear range of this method was 0.2～2.0μg ml~(-1)and molar absorpitivity was 7.02×10~5 L mol~(-1)cm~(-1)and the detection limit was 66.0 ng ml~(-1).The optimum conditions for the reaction and the impact factor were investigated.The interference of foreign substances was examined and it showed this method obtained good selectivity.The proposed method was applied for the determination of vancomycin in the commercial injection.
5.Mercury(Ⅱ)-Vancomycin system
In pH 6.6-7.2 BR buffer medium,mercury(Ⅱ)reacted with vancomycin to form complex, which resulted in the great enhancement of RRS,SOS and FDS.The maximum RRS,SOS and FDS wavelengths of the complex was located at 339nm,500nm,and 390nm,respectively. The scattering intensities were directly proportional to the concentrations of vancomycin in certain ranges.The detection limits(30)of rifampicin were 3.5 ng ml~(-1)(RRS),4.0 ng ml~(-1) (SOS)and 3.8 ng ml~(-1)(FDS),respectively.The optimum conditions of RRS method and the composition of complex were studied.The effects of foreign substances were tested and it showed that the method had a good selectivity.Based on the reaction,using mercury(Ⅱ)as probe,a sensitive,simple and rapid method for the determination of vancomycin either in commercial injections or human serum and urine has been developped.
引文
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[10]Shibata N,Ishida M,Prasad Y V R,Gao W H,Yoshikawa Y,Takada K,Highly sensitive quantification of vancomycin in plasma samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and oral bioavailability in rats,Journal of Chromatography B,2003,789:211-218.
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[12]Kitahashi T,Furuta I,Determination of vancomycin in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection,Clin Chim Acta,2001,312:221-225.
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