基于并行工程的建设工程项目管理模式研究
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摘要
伴随我国进入WTO,建筑业得到了飞速发展,同时我国的工程项目管理水平也面临着更高的挑战,而传统的工程项目管理模式已经在实践应用中反映出了不足和缺陷,因此需要寻找一种新型的管理模式来改变现状。本文借鉴国外发达国家制造业的成功经验,将并行工程理论应用到我国的建设工程项目管理中去,尝试构建一种基于并行工程的工程项目管理模式,目的在于使得项目管理更加高效,更加科学,在此基础上合理缩短项目的建设工期,减少费用,明显提高质量,最终达到业主需求,满足客户使用要求。
本文首先分析了并行工程理论,探索其对于建设工程项目管理值得借鉴的思想。同时文章分析了传统项目管理模式,发现其存在的问题与不足。随后结合项目建设的实际特征,文章分析了并行工程理论运用到工程项目管理的必要性和合理性,并提出了应该注意的问题。在此基础上,文章提出并行工程理论运用于工程项目管理的基本研究框架,包括并行管理实施的支撑域、管理域及执行域。
本文对并行管理支撑域的主要研究是如何构建项目管理并行环境。通过分析工程项目的特征,文章研究出基于并行思想的招标方式、合同体系;通过采用并行工程的先进技术,建立了工程项目管理信息集成理论平台。同时文章还引入了虚拟施工技术并建立了应用模型。对管理域的研究主要是从组织角度来展开。通过借鉴并行工程的组织方式,本文重构了传统管理组织,构建了适合工程项目建设的多功能小组,研究了该组织的运作机制及运行模式,并且分析了该组织的两大主要职能冲突管理和风险管理。对执行域的研究主要是从项目实施过程角度来展开。通过借鉴并行工程的过程集成思想,利用IDEF0模型,结合多功能小组的并行管理方式,文章对传统的建设流程进行了重组,进而建立了适合工程项目并行管理的建设流程。
通过对以上三个方面的研究,本文较为成功地将并行工程理论应用到了工程项目管理中,提出并构建了工程项目并行管理模式,为工程项目管理实践提供了新的可以借鉴的理论基础。
Following our country enters to WTO, the architecture industry gets a rapid development; our country's project management level is also facing a higher challenge at the same time. And the traditional project management pattern has already revealed the shortage and flaw,Therefore we need to seek one kind of new management pattern to change the present situation. This article profits the successful experience from the overseas developed country manufacturing industry , and applies the concurrent engineering in our country's project management,attempt to construct one kind project management mode based on concurrent engineering , and to make the project management become more highly effective, more scientific,on this situation reduce the project time and the cost reasonably,improve the quality distinctly,finally reach the owner’s requirement and meet the consumer’s application requirement.
Firstly, the paper analyzes the concurrent engineering theory, and explores its thought that is worthy reference for construction engineering project management. At the same time, the paper analyzes the traditional model of project management, searches for faults and problems existing in it. Then analyzes the necessity and rationality of the application of the concurrent engineering to the project management combined the character of construction project and put forward the problem needed to take care. Based on it, the paper put forward the basic structure that the concurrent engineering theory has been adopt into project management, and it concludes supporting field of concurrent management、management field of concurrent management, and execution field.
Mainly study for supporting field of concurrent management is how to constructing the concurrent environment of project management. The paper works out the bids way and contract system conforming to concurrent thought through analysis to the character of engineering project, and establishes the information integrated theory flat of construction management through referring to advanced technology of concurrent engineering. At the same time, the article also introduced virtual construction technology and set up models of application. The research of management field is mainly analysis from the angle of organization. Through referring to the organization way of concurrent engineering, the paper reconstructs the traditional management organization, structures the multi-functional team suitable to project construction, studies to the operation mechanics and operation model of the organization and analyzes two major functions risk management and risk management of the organization. The research of execution field is mainly analysis from the angle of project implementation process. The paper reconstructs the traditional construction process and establishes the construction process suiting to engineering project concurrent management through referring to the process integrated of concurrent engineering, utilizing the IDEF0 model and combing with concurrent management way of multi-functional team.
Through the research to three respects above, the paper applies the concurrent engineering theory to project management, structures engineering project concurrent management model and has offered the new theoretical foundation that can be referenced for engineering project management practice in future.
本文首先分析了并行工程理论,探索其对于建设工程项目管理值得借鉴的思想。同时文章分析了传统项目管理模式,发现其存在的问题与不足。随后结合项目建设的实际特征,文章分析了并行工程理论运用到工程项目管理的必要性和合理性,并提出了应该注意的问题。在此基础上,文章提出并行工程理论运用于工程项目管理的基本研究框架,包括并行管理实施的支撑域、管理域及执行域。
本文对并行管理支撑域的主要研究是如何构建项目管理并行环境。通过分析工程项目的特征,文章研究出基于并行思想的招标方式、合同体系;通过采用并行工程的先进技术,建立了工程项目管理信息集成理论平台。同时文章还引入了虚拟施工技术并建立了应用模型。对管理域的研究主要是从组织角度来展开。通过借鉴并行工程的组织方式,本文重构了传统管理组织,构建了适合工程项目建设的多功能小组,研究了该组织的运作机制及运行模式,并且分析了该组织的两大主要职能冲突管理和风险管理。对执行域的研究主要是从项目实施过程角度来展开。通过借鉴并行工程的过程集成思想,利用IDEF0模型,结合多功能小组的并行管理方式,文章对传统的建设流程进行了重组,进而建立了适合工程项目并行管理的建设流程。
通过对以上三个方面的研究,本文较为成功地将并行工程理论应用到了工程项目管理中,提出并构建了工程项目并行管理模式,为工程项目管理实践提供了新的可以借鉴的理论基础。
Following our country enters to WTO, the architecture industry gets a rapid development; our country's project management level is also facing a higher challenge at the same time. And the traditional project management pattern has already revealed the shortage and flaw,Therefore we need to seek one kind of new management pattern to change the present situation. This article profits the successful experience from the overseas developed country manufacturing industry , and applies the concurrent engineering in our country's project management,attempt to construct one kind project management mode based on concurrent engineering , and to make the project management become more highly effective, more scientific,on this situation reduce the project time and the cost reasonably,improve the quality distinctly,finally reach the owner’s requirement and meet the consumer’s application requirement.
Firstly, the paper analyzes the concurrent engineering theory, and explores its thought that is worthy reference for construction engineering project management. At the same time, the paper analyzes the traditional model of project management, searches for faults and problems existing in it. Then analyzes the necessity and rationality of the application of the concurrent engineering to the project management combined the character of construction project and put forward the problem needed to take care. Based on it, the paper put forward the basic structure that the concurrent engineering theory has been adopt into project management, and it concludes supporting field of concurrent management、management field of concurrent management, and execution field.
Mainly study for supporting field of concurrent management is how to constructing the concurrent environment of project management. The paper works out the bids way and contract system conforming to concurrent thought through analysis to the character of engineering project, and establishes the information integrated theory flat of construction management through referring to advanced technology of concurrent engineering. At the same time, the article also introduced virtual construction technology and set up models of application. The research of management field is mainly analysis from the angle of organization. Through referring to the organization way of concurrent engineering, the paper reconstructs the traditional management organization, structures the multi-functional team suitable to project construction, studies to the operation mechanics and operation model of the organization and analyzes two major functions risk management and risk management of the organization. The research of execution field is mainly analysis from the angle of project implementation process. The paper reconstructs the traditional construction process and establishes the construction process suiting to engineering project concurrent management through referring to the process integrated of concurrent engineering, utilizing the IDEF0 model and combing with concurrent management way of multi-functional team.
Through the research to three respects above, the paper applies the concurrent engineering theory to project management, structures engineering project concurrent management model and has offered the new theoretical foundation that can be referenced for engineering project management practice in future.
引文
[1] 宁汝新等.并行工程的发展及实现机理.先进生产模式与制造哲理研讨会论文集:大连理工大学.,1997,pp54-57
[2] De la Garza, Jesus M, et.al. Value of Concurrent Engineering for A/E/C Industry[J].ASCE Journal of Management in Engineering, 1994, Vol.10, No.3,May/June
[3] Chimay J, Anumba, Catherline Baugh, Malik M A.Khalfan.Organizational structure to support concurrent engineering in construction.industrial management & data system,2002,vol.102,No.5:pp.260-270
[4] Eldin NeilN.Concurrent Engineering: A Schedule Reduction Tool[J].ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1997,Vol.123, No.3
[5] Jaafari.Concurrent Construction and Life Cycle Project management[J].ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1997,Vol.123, No.4
[6] Institut fur Bauinformatik,TU Dresden.Towards a Concurrent Engineering Environment in the Building and Engineering Structures Industry
[7] N. F O. Evbuomwan, C. J. Anumba.An Integrated Framework For Concurrent Life-Cycle Design And Construction[J].Advances in Engineering Software ,1998,Vol.29, No.7
[8] 傅立丰,张耀宗,刘长红.并行工程的发展与应用[J].新技术新工艺,2003,No.9
[9] 朱焕立,刘玉宾.并行工程的产生、应用及研究现状[J] .中州大学学报, 2003,No.4:pp.122-124
[10] 陈国权著. 并行工程管理方法与应用[M]:清华大学出版社,1998
[11] Guissepi A. Forgionne, Rajiv Kohli. HMSS:amanagement support system for concurrent hospital decision asking . Decision Support System ,1996 , vol.16:pp.209 – 229
[12] S. Dowlat shahi. The role of logistics in concurrent engineering. International [J].Journal of Production Economics, 1996 , vol.44 : pp.189 ～199.
[13] 张申生.并行设计与产品创新[J].中国机械工程,2000,No.11:pp.1-2
[14] 杜平安. 现代设计的特征及体系结构[J].机械设计,2000,No.7:pp.29-30
[15] 马世藐,张国忠,徐万红等. 并行工程在科学仪器设备共用网络设计中的应用.中国工程机械学会 2003 年年会论文集汇.上海:东华大学出版社,2003: pp.126-129.
[16] 王慧明, 齐二石. 并行工程在建筑业应用的必要性研究[J].工业工程,2004, No.5:pp.15
[17] 朱文海,李伯虎,朱克,娄军. 并行工程中过程重组与团队技术的应用[J].现代防御技术,2001,No.6:pp.53-56
[18] 易继伟. Partnering一种新的建设管理模式——Partnering的概念、组织、组成系统及其应用[D]:同济大学硕士学位论文,1998
[19] John Egan. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Rethinking Construction 1998
[20] 胡庆夕. 聚焦并行工程[J] .机电一体化,2000,No.5
[21] 黄忠,刘芳. 再谈建设项目管理模式的创新[J].工程项目管理研究,2003, No.5: pp.15-17
[22] 桂维民. 管窥我国工程项目管理的现状和走势[J]. 理论导刊,2003, No.4: pp.22-24.
[23] 姜早龙,季同月,邓锦丽. 常用工程项目管理模式分类探讨[J].建筑技术开发,2005, No.1: pp.85-87
[24] Anumba CJ,Evuomwan NFO.Concurrent engineering in design-build projects[J].Construction Management and Economics,1997:pp.15
[25] 陈林,苏振民. 建设项目设计与施工整合的动因与机制[J].建筑经济,2007,No.5:pp.31-33
[26] Tarek Hegazy.Computer-Based Construction Project Management[J]. Prentice Hall ,2002
[27] 董华,付光辉,邓玉勇. 基于并行工程的新产品开发项目管理模式研究[J].青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006,No.9:pp.57
[28] 王红涛,王效俐. 并行工程在建筑工程管理中的应用[J].管理视角,2006, No.18:pp.73-75
[29] 朱文海. 并行工程关键使能技术及其发展趋势[J].现代防御技术,2001, No.2:pp.56-61
[30] 张建平,下洪钧. 建筑施工4D++模型与4D项目管理系统的研究[J].土木工程学报,2003,No.3
[31] 何清华. 虚拟组织在建筑业中的应用—虚拟建设.建筑施工,2000
[32] Thomas K W. Conflict and conflict management[A]. DunnetteM. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology[C].Chicago: Rand Mcnally, 1976. pp.889-935
[33] K.Clark,T.Fujimoto.Product Development Performance Strategy.Organization,and Management in the World Auto Industry[M].Harvard Business School Precess,1991
[34] V.Krishnan. Managing the Simultaneous Execution of Coupled Phases in Concurrent Product Development[J].IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 1996, Vol. 43:pp.210-217
[35] 阎春宁. 风险管理学[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2002
[36] 丁士昭. 建筑工程项目管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[37] 卢 勇. 工程项目的建设过程重组[J].经营管理.2005. No.3:pp.15-18
[38] 陈禹六. IDEF建模分析和设计方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999:pp.3-7
[2] De la Garza, Jesus M, et.al. Value of Concurrent Engineering for A/E/C Industry[J].ASCE Journal of Management in Engineering, 1994, Vol.10, No.3,May/June
[3] Chimay J, Anumba, Catherline Baugh, Malik M A.Khalfan.Organizational structure to support concurrent engineering in construction.industrial management & data system,2002,vol.102,No.5:pp.260-270
[4] Eldin NeilN.Concurrent Engineering: A Schedule Reduction Tool[J].ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1997,Vol.123, No.3
[5] Jaafari.Concurrent Construction and Life Cycle Project management[J].ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1997,Vol.123, No.4
[6] Institut fur Bauinformatik,TU Dresden.Towards a Concurrent Engineering Environment in the Building and Engineering Structures Industry
[7] N. F O. Evbuomwan, C. J. Anumba.An Integrated Framework For Concurrent Life-Cycle Design And Construction[J].Advances in Engineering Software ,1998,Vol.29, No.7
[8] 傅立丰,张耀宗,刘长红.并行工程的发展与应用[J].新技术新工艺,2003,No.9
[9] 朱焕立,刘玉宾.并行工程的产生、应用及研究现状[J] .中州大学学报, 2003,No.4:pp.122-124
[10] 陈国权著. 并行工程管理方法与应用[M]:清华大学出版社,1998
[11] Guissepi A. Forgionne, Rajiv Kohli. HMSS:amanagement support system for concurrent hospital decision asking . Decision Support System ,1996 , vol.16:pp.209 – 229
[12] S. Dowlat shahi. The role of logistics in concurrent engineering. International [J].Journal of Production Economics, 1996 , vol.44 : pp.189 ～199.
[13] 张申生.并行设计与产品创新[J].中国机械工程,2000,No.11:pp.1-2
[14] 杜平安. 现代设计的特征及体系结构[J].机械设计,2000,No.7:pp.29-30
[15] 马世藐,张国忠,徐万红等. 并行工程在科学仪器设备共用网络设计中的应用.中国工程机械学会 2003 年年会论文集汇.上海:东华大学出版社,2003: pp.126-129.
[16] 王慧明, 齐二石. 并行工程在建筑业应用的必要性研究[J].工业工程,2004, No.5:pp.15
[17] 朱文海,李伯虎,朱克,娄军. 并行工程中过程重组与团队技术的应用[J].现代防御技术,2001,No.6:pp.53-56
[18] 易继伟. Partnering一种新的建设管理模式——Partnering的概念、组织、组成系统及其应用[D]:同济大学硕士学位论文,1998
[19] John Egan. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Rethinking Construction 1998
[20] 胡庆夕. 聚焦并行工程[J] .机电一体化,2000,No.5
[21] 黄忠,刘芳. 再谈建设项目管理模式的创新[J].工程项目管理研究,2003, No.5: pp.15-17
[22] 桂维民. 管窥我国工程项目管理的现状和走势[J]. 理论导刊,2003, No.4: pp.22-24.
[23] 姜早龙,季同月,邓锦丽. 常用工程项目管理模式分类探讨[J].建筑技术开发,2005, No.1: pp.85-87
[24] Anumba CJ,Evuomwan NFO.Concurrent engineering in design-build projects[J].Construction Management and Economics,1997:pp.15
[25] 陈林,苏振民. 建设项目设计与施工整合的动因与机制[J].建筑经济,2007,No.5:pp.31-33
[26] Tarek Hegazy.Computer-Based Construction Project Management[J]. Prentice Hall ,2002
[27] 董华,付光辉,邓玉勇. 基于并行工程的新产品开发项目管理模式研究[J].青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006,No.9:pp.57
[28] 王红涛,王效俐. 并行工程在建筑工程管理中的应用[J].管理视角,2006, No.18:pp.73-75
[29] 朱文海. 并行工程关键使能技术及其发展趋势[J].现代防御技术,2001, No.2:pp.56-61
[30] 张建平,下洪钧. 建筑施工4D++模型与4D项目管理系统的研究[J].土木工程学报,2003,No.3
[31] 何清华. 虚拟组织在建筑业中的应用—虚拟建设.建筑施工,2000
[32] Thomas K W. Conflict and conflict management[A]. DunnetteM. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology[C].Chicago: Rand Mcnally, 1976. pp.889-935
[33] K.Clark,T.Fujimoto.Product Development Performance Strategy.Organization,and Management in the World Auto Industry[M].Harvard Business School Precess,1991
[34] V.Krishnan. Managing the Simultaneous Execution of Coupled Phases in Concurrent Product Development[J].IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 1996, Vol. 43:pp.210-217
[35] 阎春宁. 风险管理学[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2002
[36] 丁士昭. 建筑工程项目管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[37] 卢 勇. 工程项目的建设过程重组[J].经营管理.2005. No.3:pp.15-18
[38] 陈禹六. IDEF建模分析和设计方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999:pp.3-7