多业务IP承载网中QoS应用研究
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摘要
当前，建设统一的多业务IP承载网，取代已往多种业务、多种体制的电信网络，从而实现统一承载、统一运营、统一管理、统一维护，以便降低运营成本，提高业务部署的灵活性和盈利能力，已经成为运营商的共识。对于这样一张统一的多业务IP承载网来说，QoS（Quality of Service）是非常重要的基本要求。枣庄联通公司已建立一个多业务IP承载网（承载语音、数据业务和即将开通的IPTV视频业务），NGN业务已大量的使用。在NGN业务与互联网业务共用网络设备的情况下，实际上发现网络质量并不稳定，具体现象就是：平均性能较好，瞬态特性很差，语音质量较差。
本论文通过对枣庄联通的多业务IP承载网存在的问题进行分析、探讨，对IP设备的各项数据进行详细的研究，经过多次试验和业务测试，从影响软交换承载网的几个重要指标：抖动问题、时延问题、丢包率、带宽问题进行具体分析、研究，分析互联网流量对NGN业务的冲击，解决了一直存在的语音通话不稳定的问题，建立了一个高品质QoS保证的多业务IP承载网，提高了网络质量和安全，最大发挥网络资源的利用率。
通过枣庄联通已建设的多业务IP承载网在网运行证明，目前的IP承载网可以满足时延、抖动及误码率的要求。可以根据业务发展的需要，逐步推进QoS的部署，提高业务的服务质量和用户感知度，支撑更多的宽带差异化产品，满足用户的快速、稳定、可靠性、有效性、多样性、灵活性等高质量要求，更好的促进宽带业务的更好发展。
Currently, the building of a unified multi-service IP bearer network, instead of previousvariety of services and telecommunications network systems, in order to achieve a unified bearing,unified operation, unified management, unified maintenance, to reduce operating costs and improvebusiness flexibility and deployment profitability has become the consensus of operators.For such aunified multi-service IP bearer network, QoS (Quality of Service) is a very important basicrequirements. Zaozhuang Unicom has built up a multi-service IP bearer network (carrying voice,data services and the upcoming opening of the IPTV video services).NGN business has a lot of useit. We found that if NGN services and Internet services use the common network equipment, infact, network quality is not stable, the specific phenomenon is: the average performance is better,transient poor, voice quality is poor.
The paper by Zaozhuang Unicom IP bearer network of multi-service analysis of the problems,explore the data for IP devices to conduct a detailed study, after many trials and operational testing,softswitch bearer network from the impact of several important index:jitter, latency, packet loss rate,bandwidth issues specific analysis, research, analysis of Internet traffic on the impact of NGNservices solve the persistent problem of instability of voice calls, set up a high quality to guaranteeQoS multi-service IP bearer network,improve network quality and safety, maximize utilization ofnetwork resources.
Zaozhuang Unicom built by multi-service IP bearer network in network operation proves thatthe current IP bearer network have the ability to meet the latency, jitter and bit error raterequirements. According to business development, step by step deployment of QoS, improvebusiness service quality and user perceptions, support more broadband differentiated products tomeet the user's speed, stability, reliability, availability, diversity, flexibility and other qualityrequirements, better and better promote the development of broadband services.
本论文通过对枣庄联通的多业务IP承载网存在的问题进行分析、探讨，对IP设备的各项数据进行详细的研究，经过多次试验和业务测试，从影响软交换承载网的几个重要指标：抖动问题、时延问题、丢包率、带宽问题进行具体分析、研究，分析互联网流量对NGN业务的冲击，解决了一直存在的语音通话不稳定的问题，建立了一个高品质QoS保证的多业务IP承载网，提高了网络质量和安全，最大发挥网络资源的利用率。
通过枣庄联通已建设的多业务IP承载网在网运行证明，目前的IP承载网可以满足时延、抖动及误码率的要求。可以根据业务发展的需要，逐步推进QoS的部署，提高业务的服务质量和用户感知度，支撑更多的宽带差异化产品，满足用户的快速、稳定、可靠性、有效性、多样性、灵活性等高质量要求，更好的促进宽带业务的更好发展。
Currently, the building of a unified multi-service IP bearer network, instead of previousvariety of services and telecommunications network systems, in order to achieve a unified bearing,unified operation, unified management, unified maintenance, to reduce operating costs and improvebusiness flexibility and deployment profitability has become the consensus of operators.For such aunified multi-service IP bearer network, QoS (Quality of Service) is a very important basicrequirements. Zaozhuang Unicom has built up a multi-service IP bearer network (carrying voice,data services and the upcoming opening of the IPTV video services).NGN business has a lot of useit. We found that if NGN services and Internet services use the common network equipment, infact, network quality is not stable, the specific phenomenon is: the average performance is better,transient poor, voice quality is poor.
The paper by Zaozhuang Unicom IP bearer network of multi-service analysis of the problems,explore the data for IP devices to conduct a detailed study, after many trials and operational testing,softswitch bearer network from the impact of several important index:jitter, latency, packet loss rate,bandwidth issues specific analysis, research, analysis of Internet traffic on the impact of NGNservices solve the persistent problem of instability of voice calls, set up a high quality to guaranteeQoS multi-service IP bearer network,improve network quality and safety, maximize utilization ofnetwork resources.
Zaozhuang Unicom built by multi-service IP bearer network in network operation proves thatthe current IP bearer network have the ability to meet the latency, jitter and bit error raterequirements. According to business development, step by step deployment of QoS, improvebusiness service quality and user perceptions, support more broadband differentiated products tomeet the user's speed, stability, reliability, availability, diversity, flexibility and other qualityrequirements, better and better promote the development of broadband services.
引文
[1] Tim Szigeti，Christina Hattingh．端到端QoS网络设计[M]．田敏,宋辉，译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2007：10-20．
[2]林闯，单志广，任丰原．计算机网络的服务质量（QoS）[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004：35-50．
[3]张国清．QoS在IOS中的实现与应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2010：88-90．
[4]王达．虚拟专用网（VPN）精解[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004：54-28．
[5]赵其刚，王建成，彭虎．NGN运营网络及其QoS问题[M]．成都：西南交大出版社，2008：42-51．
[6]徐茂智，邹维，信息安全概论[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2007：109-115．
[7] Jim Guichard，Francois Le Faucheur，Jean-Philippe Vasseur．MPLS网络设计权威指南[M]．陈武，译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2007：320-346．
[8]林俐，朱晓洁，吕屹，张鹏生，赵学军．下一代网络（NGN）组网技术手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2006：158-166．
[9] Miikka PoikselKa，Georg Mayer，Hisham Khartabil，Aki Niemi．IMS：IP多媒体概念和服务[M]．望玉梅，董文宇，周胜，译．北京：机械工业出版社，2007：1-2．
[10] AlwaynV．高级MPLS设计与实施[M]．刘兴初，译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003：81-90．
[11]张智江，张云勇，刘韵洁．下一代网络服务质量技术[M]．北京：北京电子工业出版社，2005：50-65．
[12]徐宇杰．TCP/IP协议深入分析[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2009：120-150．
[13]李彤．IP网络实施QoS的策略分析[J]．邮电设计技术，2006，（6）：43-46．
[14]纪其进．VoIP网络接纳控制机制必要性探讨[J]．电信网技术，2007，（2）：18-25．
[15]朱彦波．对MPLS MP-BGP VPN的理解[J]．中兴维护经验，2009，（2）：21-28．
[16]毛拥华．L2&L3MPLS VPN技术的对比和分析[J]．电信技术，2003 , 49（1）：17-21．
[17]糜正琨，徐名海．IP网络QoS模型及实现技术[J]．中兴通讯技术，2003，9（增刊1）：40-43．
[18]马秀芳，时和平．IP网络中的QoS研究[J]．现代有线传输，2003，（03）：48-54．
[19]张立岗，吴晨．ZXR10系列路由设备的IP QoS特性及相关技术[J]．中兴通讯技术（简第一章绪论.................................................................................................................................... 11.1研究背景................................................................................................................................ 11.2研究意义................................................................................................................................ 11.3主要工作................................................................................................................................ 3第二章IP承载网中QoS实现技术....................................................................................................42.1 IP网络QoS的概念及度量.....................................................................................................42.2 QoS服务模型.......................................................................................................................... 42.3 DiffServ域内技术实现............................................................................................................62.4流量监管和流量整形............................................................................................................. 92.4.1流量监管的基本原理.................................................................................................. 92.4.2流量整形的基本原理.................................................................................................112.5拥塞避免和拥塞管理........................................................................................................... 132.5.1拥塞避免基本原理..................................................................................................... 132.5.2拥塞管理基本原理.................................................................................................... 162.6基于类的QoS....................................................................................................................... 202.6.1简单流分类的基本原理.............................................................................................. 212.6.2复杂流分类的基本原理.............................................................................................. 212.7 IP承载网策略........................................................................................................................ 242.7.1 NGN与Internet隔离方式.......................................................................................... 242.7.2 IP承载网的关键技术.................................................................................................. 26第三章枣庄联通IP承载网QoS部署方案.....................................................................................293.1枣庄联通的网络现状和需求............................................................................................... 293.1.1枣庄联通IP承载网网络架构..................................................................................... 293.1.2 IP承载网业务承载及QoS保障需求.........................................................................303.1.3高质量交互式业务对IP网络的承载要求................................................................ 313.2 IP承载网的QoS部署规划...................................................................................................323.2.1网络参考模型............................................................................................................. 323.2.2二层网络QoS部署.................................................................................................... 333.2.3三层网络QoS部署.................................................................................................... 363.2.4 MPLS VPN中的QoS部署........................................................................................ 40第四章网络应用和测试................................................................................................................... 424.1 QoS在枣庄IP承载网中的应用...........................................................................................424.1.1承载网业务QoS模型................................................................................................. 424.1.2承载业务的QoS标记................................................................................................ 434.1.3 QoS分类、流控、队列及实现.................................................................................. 444.1.4 P设备分类、队列和拥塞避免................................................................................... 474.2网络测试实验....................................................................................................................... 494.2.1测试目的..................................................................................................................... 494.2.2 802.1P优先级和EXP优先级间映射.........................................................................504.2.3 MPLS VPN数据流的队列调度效果测试.................................................................. 524.3具体案例分析........................................................................................................................ 53第五章总结与展望........................................................................................................................... 565.1论文总结............................................................................................................................... 565.2发展趋势及前景展望............................................................................................................ 56
[2]林闯，单志广，任丰原．计算机网络的服务质量（QoS）[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004：35-50．
[3]张国清．QoS在IOS中的实现与应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2010：88-90．
[4]王达．虚拟专用网（VPN）精解[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004：54-28．
[5]赵其刚，王建成，彭虎．NGN运营网络及其QoS问题[M]．成都：西南交大出版社，2008：42-51．
[6]徐茂智，邹维，信息安全概论[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2007：109-115．
[7] Jim Guichard，Francois Le Faucheur，Jean-Philippe Vasseur．MPLS网络设计权威指南[M]．陈武，译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2007：320-346．
[8]林俐，朱晓洁，吕屹，张鹏生，赵学军．下一代网络（NGN）组网技术手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2006：158-166．
[9] Miikka PoikselKa，Georg Mayer，Hisham Khartabil，Aki Niemi．IMS：IP多媒体概念和服务[M]．望玉梅，董文宇，周胜，译．北京：机械工业出版社，2007：1-2．
[10] AlwaynV．高级MPLS设计与实施[M]．刘兴初，译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003：81-90．
[11]张智江，张云勇，刘韵洁．下一代网络服务质量技术[M]．北京：北京电子工业出版社，2005：50-65．
[12]徐宇杰．TCP/IP协议深入分析[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2009：120-150．
[13]李彤．IP网络实施QoS的策略分析[J]．邮电设计技术，2006，（6）：43-46．
[14]纪其进．VoIP网络接纳控制机制必要性探讨[J]．电信网技术，2007，（2）：18-25．
[15]朱彦波．对MPLS MP-BGP VPN的理解[J]．中兴维护经验，2009，（2）：21-28．
[16]毛拥华．L2&L3MPLS VPN技术的对比和分析[J]．电信技术，2003 , 49（1）：17-21．
[17]糜正琨，徐名海．IP网络QoS模型及实现技术[J]．中兴通讯技术，2003，9（增刊1）：40-43．
[18]马秀芳，时和平．IP网络中的QoS研究[J]．现代有线传输，2003，（03）：48-54．
[19]张立岗，吴晨．ZXR10系列路由设备的IP QoS特性及相关技术[J]．中兴通讯技术（简第一章绪论.................................................................................................................................... 11.1研究背景................................................................................................................................ 11.2研究意义................................................................................................................................ 11.3主要工作................................................................................................................................ 3第二章IP承载网中QoS实现技术....................................................................................................42.1 IP网络QoS的概念及度量.....................................................................................................42.2 QoS服务模型.......................................................................................................................... 42.3 DiffServ域内技术实现............................................................................................................62.4流量监管和流量整形............................................................................................................. 92.4.1流量监管的基本原理.................................................................................................. 92.4.2流量整形的基本原理.................................................................................................112.5拥塞避免和拥塞管理........................................................................................................... 132.5.1拥塞避免基本原理..................................................................................................... 132.5.2拥塞管理基本原理.................................................................................................... 162.6基于类的QoS....................................................................................................................... 202.6.1简单流分类的基本原理.............................................................................................. 212.6.2复杂流分类的基本原理.............................................................................................. 212.7 IP承载网策略........................................................................................................................ 242.7.1 NGN与Internet隔离方式.......................................................................................... 242.7.2 IP承载网的关键技术.................................................................................................. 26第三章枣庄联通IP承载网QoS部署方案.....................................................................................293.1枣庄联通的网络现状和需求............................................................................................... 293.1.1枣庄联通IP承载网网络架构..................................................................................... 293.1.2 IP承载网业务承载及QoS保障需求.........................................................................303.1.3高质量交互式业务对IP网络的承载要求................................................................ 313.2 IP承载网的QoS部署规划...................................................................................................323.2.1网络参考模型............................................................................................................. 323.2.2二层网络QoS部署.................................................................................................... 333.2.3三层网络QoS部署.................................................................................................... 363.2.4 MPLS VPN中的QoS部署........................................................................................ 40第四章网络应用和测试................................................................................................................... 424.1 QoS在枣庄IP承载网中的应用...........................................................................................424.1.1承载网业务QoS模型................................................................................................. 424.1.2承载业务的QoS标记................................................................................................ 434.1.3 QoS分类、流控、队列及实现.................................................................................. 444.1.4 P设备分类、队列和拥塞避免................................................................................... 474.2网络测试实验....................................................................................................................... 494.2.1测试目的..................................................................................................................... 494.2.2 802.1P优先级和EXP优先级间映射.........................................................................504.2.3 MPLS VPN数据流的队列调度效果测试.................................................................. 524.3具体案例分析........................................................................................................................ 53第五章总结与展望........................................................................................................................... 565.1论文总结............................................................................................................................... 565.2发展趋势及前景展望............................................................................................................ 56