OSPFv3路由监控技术的研究与实现
摘要
随着计算机网络技术的快速发展,互联网上的应用也日益增多,对网络的可靠性要求越来越高。路由监控技术能帮助网络运营人员快速的发现和定位网络故障,有效提高故障检测和排除的效率。OSPF是目前互联网上应用最为广泛的域内路由协议,因此对于OSPF路由监控技术的研究具有重要的理论和实用价值。
目前已有的路由监控技术大部分还局限于主动探测技术。这种监控技术虽然实现较为简单,但发送的监测报文会对被监控网络造成影响,加重网络负担,而且很多主动探测技术对于应用环境的要求较为苛刻,很难广泛应用。目前已有的研究主要针对OSPFv2协议,对OSPF在IPv6下的版本OSPFv3研究还较少。
本文在已有研究成果的基础上,深入研究了OSPFv3协议的工作原理,给出了从OSPFv3协议报文中构造网络拓扑的详细算法,并在此基础上设计并实现了一个基于被动监听技术的OSPFv3路由监控系统。系统采用分层设计,既能保证较好的实时性也能对数据做进一步的离线分析。用户可通过Web访问方式方便的查看当前网络的拓扑结构,实时了解网络的运行状况;也可以浏览任一历史时刻的网络拓扑结构,便于分析问题。系统还提供了标准拓扑配置和拓扑间比较的功能,这都可以有效地提高系统的监控能力。用户还可以查询统计某一历史时期各类OSPF协议报文的流量,并可以查看任一感兴趣的报文内容,方便高级用户深入分析问题。
本文最后用CERNET2网络的24小时监控数据对系统进行了测试验证,系统功能运行正常符合预期的设计目标。
With the rapid development of computer network, more and more applications are running on the Internet, and the reliability of network is also more and more important. The technology of routing monitoring can help the administrators find the failure quickly. OSPF is one of the widely used intra-area routing protocols, the research of routing monitoring technology basic on OSPF network is very valuable and useful.
Now most of the related research work is focused on the active detection. It's easy to be deployed and implement, but the detection packets would affect the normal data stream, adding additional burden to the network. And some of these technologies would not be supported by some network devices. The more important point is that most of the current research is still foucesed on OSPFv2. The research work on OSPFv3 is very little.
Based on the existing research results, in this paper we deeply study the OSPFv3 protocol, propose the detailed algorithm to get the topology information from the analysis of protocol packets. And we also design and implement an OSPFv3 routing monitoring system base on the algorithm. The system adopts the multi-layers structure. This structure separates the on-line monitoring from the off-line analyzing, which can ensure the real-time performance of the monitoring, meanwhile facilitate more complicated analysis. People can get the current topology view through the browser expediently. We also allow user to review the history topology of any time of the history. Users can configure the standard topology of the network step by step. After this, users can compare the current topology view with standard topology view or any history topology view, this function would help users to discover the failure of the network expediently. Users can query the number of different types of 0SPFv3 protocol packets during any history time, they can click one of them to see more details which they are interested in.
At the end of this paper, we test the monitoring system by the 24 hours data from CERNET2. The result shows that the system achieves the designing goals well.
目前已有的路由监控技术大部分还局限于主动探测技术。这种监控技术虽然实现较为简单,但发送的监测报文会对被监控网络造成影响,加重网络负担,而且很多主动探测技术对于应用环境的要求较为苛刻,很难广泛应用。目前已有的研究主要针对OSPFv2协议,对OSPF在IPv6下的版本OSPFv3研究还较少。
本文在已有研究成果的基础上,深入研究了OSPFv3协议的工作原理,给出了从OSPFv3协议报文中构造网络拓扑的详细算法,并在此基础上设计并实现了一个基于被动监听技术的OSPFv3路由监控系统。系统采用分层设计,既能保证较好的实时性也能对数据做进一步的离线分析。用户可通过Web访问方式方便的查看当前网络的拓扑结构,实时了解网络的运行状况;也可以浏览任一历史时刻的网络拓扑结构,便于分析问题。系统还提供了标准拓扑配置和拓扑间比较的功能,这都可以有效地提高系统的监控能力。用户还可以查询统计某一历史时期各类OSPF协议报文的流量,并可以查看任一感兴趣的报文内容,方便高级用户深入分析问题。
本文最后用CERNET2网络的24小时监控数据对系统进行了测试验证,系统功能运行正常符合预期的设计目标。
With the rapid development of computer network, more and more applications are running on the Internet, and the reliability of network is also more and more important. The technology of routing monitoring can help the administrators find the failure quickly. OSPF is one of the widely used intra-area routing protocols, the research of routing monitoring technology basic on OSPF network is very valuable and useful.
Now most of the related research work is focused on the active detection. It's easy to be deployed and implement, but the detection packets would affect the normal data stream, adding additional burden to the network. And some of these technologies would not be supported by some network devices. The more important point is that most of the current research is still foucesed on OSPFv2. The research work on OSPFv3 is very little.
Based on the existing research results, in this paper we deeply study the OSPFv3 protocol, propose the detailed algorithm to get the topology information from the analysis of protocol packets. And we also design and implement an OSPFv3 routing monitoring system base on the algorithm. The system adopts the multi-layers structure. This structure separates the on-line monitoring from the off-line analyzing, which can ensure the real-time performance of the monitoring, meanwhile facilitate more complicated analysis. People can get the current topology view through the browser expediently. We also allow user to review the history topology of any time of the history. Users can configure the standard topology of the network step by step. After this, users can compare the current topology view with standard topology view or any history topology view, this function would help users to discover the failure of the network expediently. Users can query the number of different types of 0SPFv3 protocol packets during any history time, they can click one of them to see more details which they are interested in.
At the end of this paper, we test the monitoring system by the 24 hours data from CERNET2. The result shows that the system achieves the designing goals well.
引文
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[2]陈海燕,季仲梅等.OSPF路由协议安全性分析及其攻击检测[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(5):230-232.
[3]陈智波,徐明伟等.OSPF协议报文刷新机制的分析和改进[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(7):966-968.
[4]顾瑞红,张宏科.基于IPv6的OSPFv3路由协议测试与分析[J].电信技术,2005,4:9-11.
[5]关国利.基于OoS的OSPF预先计算算法[J].郑州大学学报,2005,37(4):46-49.
[6]孔伟桐.支持IPv4/IPv6域内路由监控技术的设计与实现[D].北京:清华大学网络中心,2006.
[7]孔伟桐,杨家海.基于OSPF的实时网络监控[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(9):10-12.
[8]李正良,周颢,赵保华.IPv6中OSPF协议的一致性测试系统设计[J].计算机应用,2005,25:893-896.
[9]李云琪.FlapMap[EB/OL].http://flapmap.sourceforge.net/,2006/2007.
[10]李云琪,杨家海等.网络拓扑可视化工具的研究与实现[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(增刊):202-204.
[11]李博湘.数据库设计技巧[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(19):237-238.
[12]李玉盼,张宏科.路由管理模块的研究与实现[J].中国数据通信,2003,5(10):81-85.
[13]龙宇翔,田力等.基于OSPF和非精确状态信息的QoS路由算法[J].航天控制,2005,23(4):56-60.
[14]刘惠山,徐明伟等.因特网路由协议研究综述[J].电信科学,2003,10:28-32.
[15]刘东.我国IPv6实验网及业务发展现状[J].通信世界,2003,27:48-48.
[16]牛艳花,张思东,张宏科.基于SNMPv3的OSPFv3管理与实现[J].北京交通大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(5):54-57.
[17]沈洋,戴浩等.战术IP网络中OSPF与EIGRP的性能分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(3):241-245.
[18]孙钦东,张德运等.基于自适应遗传算法的OSPF链路权重优化[J].计算机工程,2005,31(1):17-19.
[19]孙作聪,王立松,顾宝根.基于OSPF的温和重启的触发机制的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2006,27(14):2653-2656.
[20]唐志平,汤才杰.计算机网络的路由算法[J].现代电信科技,1996,10:41-47.
[21]王晓伟,王宝生等.开放路由平台中OSPF Graceful Restart的研究与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2006,23(9):104-105.
[22]徐建锋,邓永平,丁圣勇.基于OSPF服务器的网络拓扑发现[J].计算机应用,2004,24(8):98-100.
[23]徐大海,黄健强等.基于OSPF的网络拓扑搜索[J].计算机工程与科学,1999,21(6):17-21,
[24]喻星.OSPF路由监控分析系统的设计与实现[D].北京:清华大学计算机系,2006.
[25]尤澜涛.基于OSPF的路由管理系统的设计与实现[D].苏州:苏州大学计算机系,2006.
[26]杨心伦,李艳萍.路由器OSPF协议的扩展[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(23):250-251.
[27]杨建华,王俊峰,谢高岗.OSPFv3协议一致性测试系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2003,23(7):18-20,23.
[28]张涛.OSPFv3和OSPFv2的差异分析[J].科技与发展,2006,7:111.
[29]钟廷龙,贾凤根,郭云飞.OSPF路由协议离散分组算法研究[J].计算机工程与应 用,2005,15:145-148.
[30]周文辉,丁利剑,谢培泰.Internet内部网关协议——OSPF[J].计算机工程,2000,26(2):13-15.
[31]赵达观.OSPFv3协议一致性测试例设计[D].长沙:湖南大学计算机系,2005.
[32]赵世鑫,潘雪增,平玲娣.OSPF路由协议上的服务质量扩展[J].计算机应用,2003,23(9):31-34.
[33]曾斌,申咏周等.OSPF协议扩展属性NSSA的研究与应用[J].计算机工程,2006,32(9):278-280.
[34]Aman Shaikh,Mukul Goyal,Albert Greenberg,Raju Rajan,and K.K.Ramakrishnan.An OSPF Topology Server:Design and Evaluation[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications,20(4):746-755,May 2002.
[35]Anja Feldmann,Jennifer Rexford.IP Network Configuration for Intra-domain Traffic Engineering[J].IEEE Network Magazine,September 2001.14.
[36]Aman Shaikh,Albert Greenberg.OSPF Monitoring:Architecture,Design and Deployment Experience[J].Networked Systems Design and Implementation,March 2004.
[37]Basu A,Riecke JG.Stability issues in OSPF routing[J].Computer Communication Review,2001,31(4):225-236.
[38]Bi J.,Xiaoxiang Leng,Jianping Wu.OSPF performance measurements and scalability study[C].IFIP International Conference,2006.
[39]Bin Yao,Ramesh Viswanathan,Fangzhe Chang,et al.Topology Inference in the Presence of Anonymous Routers[C].Proc.IEEE INFOCOM 2003.
[40]Bruce Lowekamp,David R.O'Hallaron,and Thomas R.Gross.Topology Discovery for Large Ethernet Networks[C],Proc.ACM SIGCOMM 2001.
[41]Coltun R,Ferguson D,Moy J.RFC 2740 OSPF for IPv6[S].December 1999.
[42]D.E.Comer,D.L.Stevens,Internetworking with TCP/IP[M],Vol.II,USA:Prentice-Hall,1999
[43]D.Waston,et al.Experiences with Monitoring OSPF on a Regional Service Provider Network[C],Proc.IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS),May 2003.
[44]E.Baccelli,R.Rajan.Monitoring OSPF Routing[C].IFIP/IEEE Int.Symp.Integrated Network Management,May 2001.
[45]E.Jones.draft-ietf-rpsec-ospf-vuln-02.Jun 2006.
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[48]G.Malkin.Version2.RFC2453 RIP[S],November 1998.
[49]GMalkin,R.Minnear.RIPng for IPv6[S].RFC2080,January 1997.
[50]Hongsuda Tangmunarunkit,Ramesh Govindan,Sugih Jamin.Network Topology Generators:DegreeBased vs.Structural[C],Proc.ACM SIGCOMM 2002.
[51]HC Lin,YF Wang,CH Wang,et al.Web-based Distributed Topology Discovery of IP Networks[C].Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Networking,2001.
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[53] J. Case, M. Fedor, M. Schoffstall and J. Davin. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)[S].RFC1157, May 1990.
[54] J.Moy. OSPF Version 2[S]. RFC 2328,1998.
[55] J.Moy. OSPF for IPv6[S]. RFC 2740,December 1999.
[56] Kenichi Nagami, Satoru Matsushima, et al. A Management System for Internet Routing Using the OSPF LSA[J]. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 2006,3(89):46-53.
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[62] S. Deering, R. Hinden.Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification[S].RFC2460, December 1998.
[63] Sprint.IP Monitoring Project [EB/OL]. http://ipmon.sprint.com,2007.
[64] Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Ben Jai, et al.Topology Discovery in Heterogeneous IP Networks: The NetInventory System[C], Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2000.
[65] Yigal Bejerano, Rajeev Rastogi, Robust Monitoring of Link Delays and Faults in IP Networks[C], Proc. INFOCOM 2003.
[2]陈海燕,季仲梅等.OSPF路由协议安全性分析及其攻击检测[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(5):230-232.
[3]陈智波,徐明伟等.OSPF协议报文刷新机制的分析和改进[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(7):966-968.
[4]顾瑞红,张宏科.基于IPv6的OSPFv3路由协议测试与分析[J].电信技术,2005,4:9-11.
[5]关国利.基于OoS的OSPF预先计算算法[J].郑州大学学报,2005,37(4):46-49.
[6]孔伟桐.支持IPv4/IPv6域内路由监控技术的设计与实现[D].北京:清华大学网络中心,2006.
[7]孔伟桐,杨家海.基于OSPF的实时网络监控[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(9):10-12.
[8]李正良,周颢,赵保华.IPv6中OSPF协议的一致性测试系统设计[J].计算机应用,2005,25:893-896.
[9]李云琪.FlapMap[EB/OL].http://flapmap.sourceforge.net/,2006/2007.
[10]李云琪,杨家海等.网络拓扑可视化工具的研究与实现[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(增刊):202-204.
[11]李博湘.数据库设计技巧[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(19):237-238.
[12]李玉盼,张宏科.路由管理模块的研究与实现[J].中国数据通信,2003,5(10):81-85.
[13]龙宇翔,田力等.基于OSPF和非精确状态信息的QoS路由算法[J].航天控制,2005,23(4):56-60.
[14]刘惠山,徐明伟等.因特网路由协议研究综述[J].电信科学,2003,10:28-32.
[15]刘东.我国IPv6实验网及业务发展现状[J].通信世界,2003,27:48-48.
[16]牛艳花,张思东,张宏科.基于SNMPv3的OSPFv3管理与实现[J].北京交通大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(5):54-57.
[17]沈洋,戴浩等.战术IP网络中OSPF与EIGRP的性能分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(3):241-245.
[18]孙钦东,张德运等.基于自适应遗传算法的OSPF链路权重优化[J].计算机工程,2005,31(1):17-19.
[19]孙作聪,王立松,顾宝根.基于OSPF的温和重启的触发机制的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2006,27(14):2653-2656.
[20]唐志平,汤才杰.计算机网络的路由算法[J].现代电信科技,1996,10:41-47.
[21]王晓伟,王宝生等.开放路由平台中OSPF Graceful Restart的研究与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2006,23(9):104-105.
[22]徐建锋,邓永平,丁圣勇.基于OSPF服务器的网络拓扑发现[J].计算机应用,2004,24(8):98-100.
[23]徐大海,黄健强等.基于OSPF的网络拓扑搜索[J].计算机工程与科学,1999,21(6):17-21,
[24]喻星.OSPF路由监控分析系统的设计与实现[D].北京:清华大学计算机系,2006.
[25]尤澜涛.基于OSPF的路由管理系统的设计与实现[D].苏州:苏州大学计算机系,2006.
[26]杨心伦,李艳萍.路由器OSPF协议的扩展[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(23):250-251.
[27]杨建华,王俊峰,谢高岗.OSPFv3协议一致性测试系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2003,23(7):18-20,23.
[28]张涛.OSPFv3和OSPFv2的差异分析[J].科技与发展,2006,7:111.
[29]钟廷龙,贾凤根,郭云飞.OSPF路由协议离散分组算法研究[J].计算机工程与应 用,2005,15:145-148.
[30]周文辉,丁利剑,谢培泰.Internet内部网关协议——OSPF[J].计算机工程,2000,26(2):13-15.
[31]赵达观.OSPFv3协议一致性测试例设计[D].长沙:湖南大学计算机系,2005.
[32]赵世鑫,潘雪增,平玲娣.OSPF路由协议上的服务质量扩展[J].计算机应用,2003,23(9):31-34.
[33]曾斌,申咏周等.OSPF协议扩展属性NSSA的研究与应用[J].计算机工程,2006,32(9):278-280.
[34]Aman Shaikh,Mukul Goyal,Albert Greenberg,Raju Rajan,and K.K.Ramakrishnan.An OSPF Topology Server:Design and Evaluation[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications,20(4):746-755,May 2002.
[35]Anja Feldmann,Jennifer Rexford.IP Network Configuration for Intra-domain Traffic Engineering[J].IEEE Network Magazine,September 2001.14.
[36]Aman Shaikh,Albert Greenberg.OSPF Monitoring:Architecture,Design and Deployment Experience[J].Networked Systems Design and Implementation,March 2004.
[37]Basu A,Riecke JG.Stability issues in OSPF routing[J].Computer Communication Review,2001,31(4):225-236.
[38]Bi J.,Xiaoxiang Leng,Jianping Wu.OSPF performance measurements and scalability study[C].IFIP International Conference,2006.
[39]Bin Yao,Ramesh Viswanathan,Fangzhe Chang,et al.Topology Inference in the Presence of Anonymous Routers[C].Proc.IEEE INFOCOM 2003.
[40]Bruce Lowekamp,David R.O'Hallaron,and Thomas R.Gross.Topology Discovery for Large Ethernet Networks[C],Proc.ACM SIGCOMM 2001.
[41]Coltun R,Ferguson D,Moy J.RFC 2740 OSPF for IPv6[S].December 1999.
[42]D.E.Comer,D.L.Stevens,Internetworking with TCP/IP[M],Vol.II,USA:Prentice-Hall,1999
[43]D.Waston,et al.Experiences with Monitoring OSPF on a Regional Service Provider Network[C],Proc.IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS),May 2003.
[44]E.Baccelli,R.Rajan.Monitoring OSPF Routing[C].IFIP/IEEE Int.Symp.Integrated Network Management,May 2001.
[45]E.Jones.draft-ietf-rpsec-ospf-vuln-02.Jun 2006.
[46]Ethereal.Ethereal[EB/OL].http://www.ethereal.com,2007.
[47]Feiyi Wang,Fengmin Gong,Felix S.Wu,A Property Oriented Fault Detection Approach for Link State Routing Protocol[C],Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks,p.114-119,2000.
[48]G.Malkin.Version2.RFC2453 RIP[S],November 1998.
[49]GMalkin,R.Minnear.RIPng for IPv6[S].RFC2080,January 1997.
[50]Hongsuda Tangmunarunkit,Ramesh Govindan,Sugih Jamin.Network Topology Generators:DegreeBased vs.Structural[C],Proc.ACM SIGCOMM 2002.
[51]HC Lin,YF Wang,CH Wang,et al.Web-based Distributed Topology Discovery of IP Networks[C].Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Networking,2001.
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[53] J. Case, M. Fedor, M. Schoffstall and J. Davin. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)[S].RFC1157, May 1990.
[54] J.Moy. OSPF Version 2[S]. RFC 2328,1998.
[55] J.Moy. OSPF for IPv6[S]. RFC 2740,December 1999.
[56] Kenichi Nagami, Satoru Matsushima, et al. A Management System for Internet Routing Using the OSPF LSA[J]. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 2006,3(89):46-53.
[57] Lun Li, David Alderson, Walter Willinger,and John Doyle. A FirstPrinciples Approach to Understanding the Internet's Routerlevel Topology[C], Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2004.
[58] Mukul Goyal, KK Ramakrishnan, Wu-chi Feng, Achieving Faster Failure Detection in OSPF Networks[C], ICC 2003.
[59] Pingplotter software.Pingplotter software[EB/OL].http://www.pingplotter.com.,2006.
[60] Packet Design.Route Explorer[EB/OL].http://www.route-explorer.com/products/rex.htm,2005.
[61] R. Siamwalla, R. Sharma, and S. Keshav. Discovering Internet Topology[R]. Tech. Rep., Cornell University, July 1998.
[62] S. Deering, R. Hinden.Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification[S].RFC2460, December 1998.
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[64] Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Ben Jai, et al.Topology Discovery in Heterogeneous IP Networks: The NetInventory System[C], Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2000.
[65] Yigal Bejerano, Rajeev Rastogi, Robust Monitoring of Link Delays and Faults in IP Networks[C], Proc. INFOCOM 2003.