基于ANSYS的渐开线直齿行星齿轮有限元分析
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摘要
行星齿轮传动由于具有很多优点而在飞机、舰船、汽车和各种工程机械中得到了广泛的应用,但其动力学特性一直是学术界和工业界研究和关注的焦点。在许多应用场合,由于行星齿轮的啮入、啮出冲击以及传动系统和箱体对外界激励的响应引起的振动和噪声已经成为影响系统可靠性、寿命和操作环境的关键因素。因此,借助现代化的分析软件,在设计阶段对行星齿轮传动进行深入的动力学研究,剖析其固有特性和对激励的响应,对提高行星齿轮传动的性能具有重要意义。
本文在Pro/E中建立了2K-H型行星齿轮传动几何模型,在对齿轮精确啮合的基础上对整个行星齿轮传动机构进行了动装配,完成运动仿真和干涉检查。
在对齿轮网格划分方法详细分析的基础上,适应齿轮齿面的典型曲面边界,本文采用了20节点的二次六面体单元以获得较好的计算精度,并根据轮齿各部位受力情况的不同,对整个齿轮分块处理,对齿根、齿顶等关键研究部位进行了精细扫掠网格划分,其它部位则采用相对较粗略的扫掠网格划分,以尽可能降低模型的规模。静力分析结果显示所建模型较目前研究中普遍采用的自由网格划分模型有很大的优越性。
建立了行星齿轮传动的纯扭转动力学模型,完成同时承受内、外啮合的行星齿轮的自由模态和约束的模态分析,给出了其前20阶主振型,得出容易产生共振的频率点,并结合动画演示对行星齿轮的振动形式作了详细分析。
在模态分析的基本上,对行星齿轮施加简谐载荷,得到行星齿轮的变形和应力在容易产生共振的频率范围内的变化情况;同时对模态分析中得到的各种振型对整个齿轮振动的参与情况作了定性分析。
Planetary gear drive is widely applied in airplanes, ships, cars and various engineering machines because of its many advantages. However, its dynamic characteristics have always been studied and concerned in academy and industrial circles. On many occasions, vibrations and noises caused by gears’mesh in-out impacts and responses of external-excitation have been key factors that affect the system reliability, lifetime, as well as operating environment. At design stage, with modern analysis software, natural characteristics and its responses to external-excitation can be recognized by deep dynamic study, which has important significances to improve planetary gears’performances.
In this paper, the geometric model of 2K-H planetary gear drive is built in Pro/E. Motion simulation and interference detection are completed after accurate gear mesh.
On the detailed analysis of gear mesh method, for a typical curved surface boundary of gear teeth surface, quadric-six side units with 20 nodes is adopted to gain a better calculation precision. The whole gear is divided according to stress and partitioned into meshes through sweeping method. Fine mesh partition is especially used in dedendums and addendums. Statics analysis results show that the finite element model built in this paper is better than models built by free partition which is widely used in current studies.
Planetary gear drive pure torsion vibration dynamics model is founded. The free modal analysis and constrained modal analysis of planetary gear which is simultaneously meshed by sun gear and annular gear are completed. The anterior 20 ranks natural frequency and main models are presented. The vibration forms of planetary gear are analyzed detailedly based on animations.
After imposed harmonic load, the deformation and stress variation curves with change of frequency can be gained by harmonic analysis in ANSYS. Also, all kinds of main vibrations’participation in the whole gear vibration is qualitative analyzed.
本文在Pro/E中建立了2K-H型行星齿轮传动几何模型,在对齿轮精确啮合的基础上对整个行星齿轮传动机构进行了动装配,完成运动仿真和干涉检查。
在对齿轮网格划分方法详细分析的基础上,适应齿轮齿面的典型曲面边界,本文采用了20节点的二次六面体单元以获得较好的计算精度,并根据轮齿各部位受力情况的不同,对整个齿轮分块处理,对齿根、齿顶等关键研究部位进行了精细扫掠网格划分,其它部位则采用相对较粗略的扫掠网格划分,以尽可能降低模型的规模。静力分析结果显示所建模型较目前研究中普遍采用的自由网格划分模型有很大的优越性。
建立了行星齿轮传动的纯扭转动力学模型,完成同时承受内、外啮合的行星齿轮的自由模态和约束的模态分析,给出了其前20阶主振型,得出容易产生共振的频率点,并结合动画演示对行星齿轮的振动形式作了详细分析。
在模态分析的基本上,对行星齿轮施加简谐载荷,得到行星齿轮的变形和应力在容易产生共振的频率范围内的变化情况;同时对模态分析中得到的各种振型对整个齿轮振动的参与情况作了定性分析。
Planetary gear drive is widely applied in airplanes, ships, cars and various engineering machines because of its many advantages. However, its dynamic characteristics have always been studied and concerned in academy and industrial circles. On many occasions, vibrations and noises caused by gears’mesh in-out impacts and responses of external-excitation have been key factors that affect the system reliability, lifetime, as well as operating environment. At design stage, with modern analysis software, natural characteristics and its responses to external-excitation can be recognized by deep dynamic study, which has important significances to improve planetary gears’performances.
In this paper, the geometric model of 2K-H planetary gear drive is built in Pro/E. Motion simulation and interference detection are completed after accurate gear mesh.
On the detailed analysis of gear mesh method, for a typical curved surface boundary of gear teeth surface, quadric-six side units with 20 nodes is adopted to gain a better calculation precision. The whole gear is divided according to stress and partitioned into meshes through sweeping method. Fine mesh partition is especially used in dedendums and addendums. Statics analysis results show that the finite element model built in this paper is better than models built by free partition which is widely used in current studies.
Planetary gear drive pure torsion vibration dynamics model is founded. The free modal analysis and constrained modal analysis of planetary gear which is simultaneously meshed by sun gear and annular gear are completed. The anterior 20 ranks natural frequency and main models are presented. The vibration forms of planetary gear are analyzed detailedly based on animations.
After imposed harmonic load, the deformation and stress variation curves with change of frequency can be gained by harmonic analysis in ANSYS. Also, all kinds of main vibrations’participation in the whole gear vibration is qualitative analyzed.
引文
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