武汉市区绝经过渡期女性人格特征与心理健康状况的相关性研究
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摘要
一、研究目的
研究发现,很多疾病的发生与个性有关,一个人的个性、心理类型虽然不能决定一个人的健康,疾病情况,但它对人的生理,病理等确有一定程度的影响。绝经过渡期女性研究是绝经医学中的一个新领域,我们选择绝经过渡期女性作为研究对象,期望对该时期女性人格及心理健康状况做出调查分析,并与全国女性常模进行比较,分析其主流性格、基本健康状况,并对人格与心理健康之间的相关性进行分析。将具有中医特色的阴阳五态性格具体分型与现代医学联系起来,特别是与心理相关问题联系起来,进一步探讨人体阴阳比例倾向的不同对人的外显行为模式及心理健康的影响,为制定提高绝经过渡期女性心理健康和生活质量干预措施提供依据,以便能及早和有针对性地对易发生症状的妇女进行心理咨询与保健,帮助他们提高自我调节的能力,以免因心理问题导致躯体问题的发生或加重。
二、研究方法
采用整群随机抽样的方法,以武汉市区35岁以上的未绝经女性人群作为调查对象,采用问卷调查方式,使用五态性格测验表、艾森克人格问卷量表(EPQ)、90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)和一般资料问卷对绝经过渡期女性进行调查。分析武汉市区绝经过渡期女性五态性格特征、艾森克人格特征及心理健康状态,最后将以上三个量表之间进行相关及回归分析。
三、研究结果
①武汉市区绝经过渡期女性SCL-90在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性、其它项目等各因子得分均高于国内女性常模,其中躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑因子、其它项目因子分差异非常显著(P<0.01)；敏感及恐怖因子得分明显低于常模(P<0.01),差异具有极显著性。
②五态性格测试量表各维度中,太阳型、少阴型人格维度得分明显低于常模组,而太阴型人格维度得分明显高于常模组,差异具有高度统计学意义(p<0.01)。
③艾森克人格E分、L分明显低于国内女性常模、N分显著高于常模(P<0.01)。
④神经质(N分)与太阳、太阴呈正相关,与阴阳和平呈负相关(P<0.01)；精神质(P分)与太阳呈正相关(P<0.01)；内外倾性(E分)与太阳、少阳呈正相关(P<0.01),与太阴、少阴呈负相关(P<0.01),具有高度统计学意义。
⑤太阴型人格与心理健康的10个因子均呈显著性正相关,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；阴阳和平型人格与心理健康的各个因子除躯体化外均呈负相关,统计学意义显著(除其它项目外P<0.01)；少阳型人格与心理健康的各个因子中除偏执、其它项目外均呈负相关,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；少阴型人格与心理健康的六个因子“躯体状、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其它症状等”表现为负相关(除恐怖因子外P<0.01),具有统计学意义；太阳型人格与心理健康的四个因子“敌对、偏执、精神病性、其它项目等”表现为显著正相关(P<0.01),与三个因子“人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑”表现为显著负相关(P<0.01),具有高度统计学意义。
⑥EPQ评定结果各维度中P分和N分与SCL-90各因子均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)；L分与各因子呈显著负相关(除与恐怖相关系数P<0.05外其余P<0.01)。
⑦艾森克人格特征与心理健康多元回归分析显示,情绪稳定性(N分)、精神质(P分)、掩饰倾向(L)是影响心理健康的重要因素。
⑧五态性格测试量表中各维度与心理健康多元回归分析显示,太阳、少阴、太阴型人格对心理健康影响较大。
四、结论
①武汉市区绝经过渡期女性心理健康状况差于国内女性总体水平,其突出的心理问题主要表现在躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑和抑郁情绪。
②太阴型性格是绝经过渡期女性的主流性格。
③武汉市区绝经过渡期女性存在情绪不稳定的人格特征。
④人格特征与心理健康存在明显的相关关系,并可在某种程度上影响心理健康状况,通过测查人格来反映心理健康水平是可能的。
Objective
The study found that the incidence of many diseases and personality related, although a person's psychological types can not decide a person's health, disease, but it's physiology, pathology, etc. do have a certain impact. Menopausal transition research is post-menopausal women, a new field of medicine, we have chosen menopausal transition women as object of study, expectations of women in five states in the period of personality, Eysenck personality and mental health to make investigation and analysis, and with the national norm comparison, analysis of its main character, basic health status, and to have three kinds of scale necessary link between the intrinsic analysis; The yin and yang, five-state character, typing a specific link with modern medicine, especially with the psychological related issues linked to the proportion of yin and yang of the human tendency of different human behavior patterns explicit the impact of the transition period for the development of women desperate to improve mental health and the quality of life provide the basis for interventions to enable early and targeted for women prone to symptoms of psychological counseling and health care, helping them to improve the capacity of self-regulation, so as to avoid psychological problems caused or aggravated the incidence of physical problems.
Methords
A cluster random sampling method to over 35 rural and urban areas of Wuhan, Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Hospital in the gynecological outpatient clinic or a medical examination of the non-menopausal female population for the survey, using a questionnaire survey method, using five-state personality questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Scale Questionnaire (EPQ),90 Symptom Checklist (SCL 190) and general information questionnaire (including age, occupation and level of education, etc.) on menopausal women, to investigate the transition period. Analysis of Wuhan City, five women in menopausal transition-state personality, Eysenck Personality characteristics and mental health status, and finally the above three indicators,22 correlation.
Results
1 Wuhan Urban menopausal transition in women's SCL-90 somatization, obsessive compulsive, depression, anxiety, psychosis, other projects and other factor scores were higher than the norm of women, including somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety factor, Other projects significant difference (P<0.01); sensitive and terror factor score was significantly lower than the norm (P<0.01), difference was significant.5-state scale of the dimension of personality tests in the sun type, Shao-based, lunar-based and other personality dimension scores were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was significant (p<0.01).
2 Five states in all dimensions scale test of character, the Tya-personality, Sya-personality scores significantly lower than the norm, and Tyi-type of personality scores significantly higher than the norm, the difference is highly statistically significant.
3 Eysenck Personality E points, L scores were lower than the national female norm, N were significantly higher than the norm。
4 Neuroticism (N points) with the Tya, the Tyi was positively correlated and with the yin and yang, the peace was a negative correlation (P<0.01); psychoticism (P min) and the sun was positively correlated (P<0.01); external extraversion (E min) and the Tya, Sya was positively correlated (P<0.01), and Syi, Tyi was a negative correlation (P<0.01), with a high degree of statistical significance.
5 Tyi-personality and mental health of the 10 factors showed significant positive correlation was statistically significant (P<0.05); Yy personality and mental health of all factors except somatization were negatively related, statistically significant (among other items, P<0.01); Sya-personality and mental health factors, in addition to bigotry in all the other items showed a negative correlation was significant (P<0.05); Syi-personality and mental health six-factor "body shape, hostility, phobia, paranoid, psychotic, other symptoms such as" negatively correlated (except phobic outside P<0.01), with statistical significance; Tya-personality and mental health of the four factors " hostility, paranoia, psychosis, and other projects, "showed significant positive correlation (P<0.01), and the three factors, " interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, "showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.01), with a high degree of statistical significance.
6 EPQ assessment results in various dimensions of P points and N points and the SCL-90 factors were significantly positively correlated (P<0.01); L points and the factor was a significant negative correlation (correlation coefficient than with the terror P<0.05, the others P<0.01).
7 Eysenck Personality and Mental Health Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional stability (N points), psychoticism (P min), tend to cover up (L) is an important factor affecting mental health.
8 Five states in all dimensions scale test of character and mental health Multiple regression analysis showed that the Tya, Syi, Tyi-personality greater impact on mental health.
Conclusion
1 Wuhan Urban menopausal transition mental health of women is worse than the overall level of domestic women, the psychological problems of their prominent mainly in the somatization, obsessive compulsive, anxiety and depression.
2 Syi-type character is the mainstream women's menopausal transition character.
3 In Wuhan City, the urban and rural women in menopausal transition there is emotional unstable personality characteristics.
4 Personality characteristics and mental health there exists an obvious relationship, and may in some degree mental health conditions.
研究发现,很多疾病的发生与个性有关,一个人的个性、心理类型虽然不能决定一个人的健康,疾病情况,但它对人的生理,病理等确有一定程度的影响。绝经过渡期女性研究是绝经医学中的一个新领域,我们选择绝经过渡期女性作为研究对象,期望对该时期女性人格及心理健康状况做出调查分析,并与全国女性常模进行比较,分析其主流性格、基本健康状况,并对人格与心理健康之间的相关性进行分析。将具有中医特色的阴阳五态性格具体分型与现代医学联系起来,特别是与心理相关问题联系起来,进一步探讨人体阴阳比例倾向的不同对人的外显行为模式及心理健康的影响,为制定提高绝经过渡期女性心理健康和生活质量干预措施提供依据,以便能及早和有针对性地对易发生症状的妇女进行心理咨询与保健,帮助他们提高自我调节的能力,以免因心理问题导致躯体问题的发生或加重。
二、研究方法
采用整群随机抽样的方法,以武汉市区35岁以上的未绝经女性人群作为调查对象,采用问卷调查方式,使用五态性格测验表、艾森克人格问卷量表(EPQ)、90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)和一般资料问卷对绝经过渡期女性进行调查。分析武汉市区绝经过渡期女性五态性格特征、艾森克人格特征及心理健康状态,最后将以上三个量表之间进行相关及回归分析。
三、研究结果
①武汉市区绝经过渡期女性SCL-90在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性、其它项目等各因子得分均高于国内女性常模,其中躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑因子、其它项目因子分差异非常显著(P<0.01)；敏感及恐怖因子得分明显低于常模(P<0.01),差异具有极显著性。
②五态性格测试量表各维度中,太阳型、少阴型人格维度得分明显低于常模组,而太阴型人格维度得分明显高于常模组,差异具有高度统计学意义(p<0.01)。
③艾森克人格E分、L分明显低于国内女性常模、N分显著高于常模(P<0.01)。
④神经质(N分)与太阳、太阴呈正相关,与阴阳和平呈负相关(P<0.01)；精神质(P分)与太阳呈正相关(P<0.01)；内外倾性(E分)与太阳、少阳呈正相关(P<0.01),与太阴、少阴呈负相关(P<0.01),具有高度统计学意义。
⑤太阴型人格与心理健康的10个因子均呈显著性正相关,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；阴阳和平型人格与心理健康的各个因子除躯体化外均呈负相关,统计学意义显著(除其它项目外P<0.01)；少阳型人格与心理健康的各个因子中除偏执、其它项目外均呈负相关,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；少阴型人格与心理健康的六个因子“躯体状、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其它症状等”表现为负相关(除恐怖因子外P<0.01),具有统计学意义；太阳型人格与心理健康的四个因子“敌对、偏执、精神病性、其它项目等”表现为显著正相关(P<0.01),与三个因子“人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑”表现为显著负相关(P<0.01),具有高度统计学意义。
⑥EPQ评定结果各维度中P分和N分与SCL-90各因子均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)；L分与各因子呈显著负相关(除与恐怖相关系数P<0.05外其余P<0.01)。
⑦艾森克人格特征与心理健康多元回归分析显示,情绪稳定性(N分)、精神质(P分)、掩饰倾向(L)是影响心理健康的重要因素。
⑧五态性格测试量表中各维度与心理健康多元回归分析显示,太阳、少阴、太阴型人格对心理健康影响较大。
四、结论
①武汉市区绝经过渡期女性心理健康状况差于国内女性总体水平,其突出的心理问题主要表现在躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑和抑郁情绪。
②太阴型性格是绝经过渡期女性的主流性格。
③武汉市区绝经过渡期女性存在情绪不稳定的人格特征。
④人格特征与心理健康存在明显的相关关系,并可在某种程度上影响心理健康状况,通过测查人格来反映心理健康水平是可能的。
Objective
The study found that the incidence of many diseases and personality related, although a person's psychological types can not decide a person's health, disease, but it's physiology, pathology, etc. do have a certain impact. Menopausal transition research is post-menopausal women, a new field of medicine, we have chosen menopausal transition women as object of study, expectations of women in five states in the period of personality, Eysenck personality and mental health to make investigation and analysis, and with the national norm comparison, analysis of its main character, basic health status, and to have three kinds of scale necessary link between the intrinsic analysis; The yin and yang, five-state character, typing a specific link with modern medicine, especially with the psychological related issues linked to the proportion of yin and yang of the human tendency of different human behavior patterns explicit the impact of the transition period for the development of women desperate to improve mental health and the quality of life provide the basis for interventions to enable early and targeted for women prone to symptoms of psychological counseling and health care, helping them to improve the capacity of self-regulation, so as to avoid psychological problems caused or aggravated the incidence of physical problems.
Methords
A cluster random sampling method to over 35 rural and urban areas of Wuhan, Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Hospital in the gynecological outpatient clinic or a medical examination of the non-menopausal female population for the survey, using a questionnaire survey method, using five-state personality questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Scale Questionnaire (EPQ),90 Symptom Checklist (SCL 190) and general information questionnaire (including age, occupation and level of education, etc.) on menopausal women, to investigate the transition period. Analysis of Wuhan City, five women in menopausal transition-state personality, Eysenck Personality characteristics and mental health status, and finally the above three indicators,22 correlation.
Results
1 Wuhan Urban menopausal transition in women's SCL-90 somatization, obsessive compulsive, depression, anxiety, psychosis, other projects and other factor scores were higher than the norm of women, including somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety factor, Other projects significant difference (P<0.01); sensitive and terror factor score was significantly lower than the norm (P<0.01), difference was significant.5-state scale of the dimension of personality tests in the sun type, Shao-based, lunar-based and other personality dimension scores were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was significant (p<0.01).
2 Five states in all dimensions scale test of character, the Tya-personality, Sya-personality scores significantly lower than the norm, and Tyi-type of personality scores significantly higher than the norm, the difference is highly statistically significant.
3 Eysenck Personality E points, L scores were lower than the national female norm, N were significantly higher than the norm。
4 Neuroticism (N points) with the Tya, the Tyi was positively correlated and with the yin and yang, the peace was a negative correlation (P<0.01); psychoticism (P min) and the sun was positively correlated (P<0.01); external extraversion (E min) and the Tya, Sya was positively correlated (P<0.01), and Syi, Tyi was a negative correlation (P<0.01), with a high degree of statistical significance.
5 Tyi-personality and mental health of the 10 factors showed significant positive correlation was statistically significant (P<0.05); Yy personality and mental health of all factors except somatization were negatively related, statistically significant (among other items, P<0.01); Sya-personality and mental health factors, in addition to bigotry in all the other items showed a negative correlation was significant (P<0.05); Syi-personality and mental health six-factor "body shape, hostility, phobia, paranoid, psychotic, other symptoms such as" negatively correlated (except phobic outside P<0.01), with statistical significance; Tya-personality and mental health of the four factors " hostility, paranoia, psychosis, and other projects, "showed significant positive correlation (P<0.01), and the three factors, " interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, "showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.01), with a high degree of statistical significance.
6 EPQ assessment results in various dimensions of P points and N points and the SCL-90 factors were significantly positively correlated (P<0.01); L points and the factor was a significant negative correlation (correlation coefficient than with the terror P<0.05, the others P<0.01).
7 Eysenck Personality and Mental Health Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional stability (N points), psychoticism (P min), tend to cover up (L) is an important factor affecting mental health.
8 Five states in all dimensions scale test of character and mental health Multiple regression analysis showed that the Tya, Syi, Tyi-personality greater impact on mental health.
Conclusion
1 Wuhan Urban menopausal transition mental health of women is worse than the overall level of domestic women, the psychological problems of their prominent mainly in the somatization, obsessive compulsive, anxiety and depression.
2 Syi-type character is the mainstream women's menopausal transition character.
3 In Wuhan City, the urban and rural women in menopausal transition there is emotional unstable personality characteristics.
4 Personality characteristics and mental health there exists an obvious relationship, and may in some degree mental health conditions.
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[1]Steiner M, et al. Hormones and mood:from menarchetomenopause and beyond·Journal of Affective Disorders,2003; 74:67283.
[2]于治家,张成莲.妇女更年期综合征的心理治疗[J],中华妇产科杂志,1997；32(8)：503-504.
[3]罗有年,吴海珊,张晋碚.围绝经期情绪障碍的90项症状自评量表分析[J],中国康复理论与实践,2005；11(5)：391—392.
[4]贾淑琴.200例更年期综合征妇女精神心理及社会因素现况调查[J],河北医学,2001；7(1)：21-23.
[5]罗有年,吴海珊,张晋碚等.围绝经期情绪障碍的90项症状自评量表分析[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005；11(5)391-392.
[6]高清平.841例围绝经期妇女心理健康状况分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2006；21：1999-2000
[7]曲洪芳,陈书勒.更年期综合征妇女心理健康状况分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007；15(8)：703-704.
[8]王社芬,王玉玲,王曼.女性更年期综合征与心理健康的相关性研究[J].护理学杂志,2009；24(5)：77-79.
[9]徐英,王金华,吴彩云等.更年期综合征妇女心理健康状况分析[J].苏州学院学报,1995；18(9)：979-980.
[10]厉建萍.围绝经期心理障碍的社会心理因素研究[J].山东医学高等专科学校学报,2009；31：472-474.
[11]Cohen LS, Soares CN, Vitonis AF, et al.Risk for newonset of depression during the menopausal transition:the Harvard study of moods and cy-cles [J]. Arch Cen Psychiatry,2006,63 (4):385.
[12]Suan GM, Normandia R,RodriguezR, etal. Depressive symptoms And risk foctors among perimenopausal women[J]. PRHealthscij,2005, 24 (3):207.
[13]王志宏,白文佩,郭艳巍等。围绝经期门诊患者抑郁焦虑症状调查分析[J].承德医学院学报,2004；21(2)：121-123.
[14]万爱华,修新红,任志伊等.绝经期女性抑郁焦虑症及影响因素分析[J].公共卫生,2007；23(10)：1239-1240.
[15]龙鲸,赵更力.妇女个性特征与更年期综合征初探[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1998；12(3)：136-138.
[16]彭杨,艳杰,杨战强等.农村社区更年期妇女人格特征的分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2004；19：38-39.
[17]曲洪芳,李国海,陈霁等.女性更年期综合征患者人格特征、生殖激素、生活事件及生活质量的对比分析[J].中国行为医学科学,2006；15(10)：8193-894.
[18]赵清琳,乔树波,李晴等.127名女性个性心理特征与更年期综合征调查[J].中国性科学,2001；10(4)：33-34.
[19]贺漪,黎烈荣.更年期综合征妇女心理健康水平及影响因素的探讨[J].实用妇产科杂志,1997；13(2)：79-80.
[20]唐晓艳.更年期抑郁症患者心理社会因素对照分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2007；22(17)：2432
[21]HallstromC, FranzC, MorelloC, etal. Steroid and gonadotropin levels in women during the peri-menopausalyears[J]. Maturitas, 2003,8:189-196.
[22]龙鲸,吴忠玲.更年期综合征妇女心理健康状况与个性特征相关分析[J].健康心理学杂志,2000；8(2)；198-199.
[23]张丽蓉.浅谈心理、社会因素在更年期发病中的作用,求子必读天津：天津科技翻译出版公司,1995：315.
[24]王社芬,荆怀福.更年期女性心理健康状况与人格特征相关性研究[J].护理学杂志,2007；22(1)：55-57.
[25]蔡亚苹.妇女更年期综合征的心理治疗[J].医学动物防制,2007；23(12)：953.
[26]于治家,张成莲.妇女更年期综合征的心理治疗[J].中华妇产科杂志,1997；32(8)：503-504.
[27]张学娥,祝锡聪.心理健康教育在治疗更年期综合征中的疗效观察[J].山西医科大学学报,2006；37(8)：833-835.
[28]侯德鑫.围绝经期女性情绪障碍的心理干预[J].护理学报,2007；6(14)：86-87.
[29]李一云贾春红.季建林.围绝经期综合征有关情绪障碍研究进展。国际流行病学杂志.2005,32(4)229-323.
[30]吴舍珠.性激素平衡紊乱与疾病.北京.人民医出版社.2005,128-170
[31]于晓波.更年期妇女生理、心理健康状况的调查及护理干预.中国社区医师.2006；8(18)：110
[32]徐英等.心理因素与妇女更年期情绪障碍的相关性研究.中国心理卫生杂志.2000；14(1)：37-39
[33]何敏慧,施慎逊,陆峥.4746例更年期居民中抑郁调查[J].中医原精神医学学刊,1998；4(4)203-205
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