管理体系整合及综合评价方法研究
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摘要
本论文针对国内绝大多数企业均存在的分别建立质量、环境、职业健康安全等管理体系，分别认证和审核，管理效率低下的现况，从分析管理体系的实质、国际标准的特性和未来管理体系发展趋势入手，来说明将质量管理体系(ISO9000)、环境管理体系(ISO14000)和职业健康安全管理体系(OHSAS18000)整合的必要性和可行性；论述了管理体系整合的基本原则、注意事项；同时论述了一体化管理体系的理解要点和关注焦点，构建了适用于建立质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系一体化组织的“全面改进管理”金字塔理论，并论述了该理论在一体化管理体系中的具体实施。
本论文主要进行了一体化管理体系动态的、立体的综合评价研究。通过综合现况评价，来帮助组织认识到自身目前处于何种管理水平，同时识别出制约其管理有效性的主要影响因素，有的放矢的制定和采取纠偏、预防措施。通过综合绩效评价，可帮助组织分析质量、环境、职业健康安全三方面综合作用效果和不协调因素，同时通过动态观点使组织认清自身在横向上处于同类同期组织中的何种位置，看到自身优势、劣势，取长补短；在纵向上认清自身在各时间段的绩效表现，分析绩效变化率，寻找最佳发展平衡点。通过可持续改进能力评价，帮助组织认清自身发展实力，潜在价值和潜在危机，积极采取对策，以实现管理体系一体化持续改进的目标宗旨。
本文在深入分析评价技术发展现状，常用综合评价方法存在不足的基础上，针对实施一体化管理体系综合评价特点(多层次、多指标、有许多非确定因素、且属性复杂)和运行规律，建立了现状、绩效和可持续发展能力三个综合评价体系和数学模型；提出了基于证据理论的动态绩效综合评价、基于集成赋权的多层次可持续发展能力综合评价和基于多层次群模糊理论的现况综合评价三个评价方法；论述了三个评价的基本原理、评价步骤；并进行了实证分析。
三个评价方法的改进和创新体现在：综合现况评价方法用模糊隶属函数确定评价标准级值，解决了在管理领域中，许多评价指标的评价标准等级难确定、较模糊问题；且定性、定量指标分别处理，都归于了评价集的六个等级、六个得分值，利于一致计算评价结果、及评价结果综合合成，该等级与ISO9000、ISO14000、OHSAS18000认证审核标准一致，有较强的针对性。动态绩效综合评价方法，提出了基于证据理论的mass函数合成的指标量化(并加以置信度修正)方法，较好处理了具有模糊信息和不确定信息的合成问题，解决了管理领域中某些定性指标难以量化及评审人员由于主观认识的局限性而使专家评语具有不准确性的置信度问题。可持续发展能力综合评价方法在采取主、客观集成赋权法对指标进行权化处理时，对现有的集成赋权法进行了基于Lagrange条件极限原理的系数修正，体现了被评价对象之间(整体)最大差异的一种主客观信息综合集成的赋权方法，使评价结果更接近事实情况，评价方法更
In the paper, the appearance was considered over, it was built up systems and certification ang audit of Quality Management and Environment Management and Occupation Health and Safety Management in organizations of almostly our country separaely, and management efficiency is inferior. Firstly, it is show that the necessarily and possibility of integrating management with QMS(ISO9000) , EMS(ISO1400) and OH SMS(OHSAS18000), according to analyze the essence of management system, characteristic of international standard and developing trend of coming quality management. Secondly, the paper discusses the basic principle and notice of integrating management system, and discusses the main idea and focus of the integrated management system (IMS). Finally, the Total Improvement Management Pyramid was introduced to practice in IMS.
The paper mainly studies on the methods of comprehensive evaluation (CE) with dynamically and entirely, based on analyze its disadvantage in normal CE. Firstly, the three evaluation systems and models of the comprehensive actuality evaluation and comprehensive performance and sustainable development was built up, according to the characteristic (multi-layer, multi-index, many non-precise elements and complex evaluation conditions) of CE in organization with practiced IMS and law of exercise. Secondly, three methods of CE was put forward, they are the comprehensive dynamically evaluating performance based on evidential reasoning and the comprehensive serially evaluating the sustain development based on group of fuzzy evaluation with multi-layer and the comprehensive management actuality based on the group of fuzzy evaluation with multi-layer. Finally, three basic principle and steps of evaluation was given up, and according to study case to show that the methods is so practical and scientifically.
The methods of CE of management actuality determine the value of grade of evaluation sdandard with funcation of fuzzy. It resolves the problem of defficuty to determine the standard of CE. AHP of group of fuzzy determine the value of wighty of indexes. It avoids subjective opinion, to a certian extent. Qualitive indexes and quantitive indexes were settles, and belond to six degrees and value of evaluation, in order to compute the results of evaluation consistently and to integrate it, and the degrees comform with the standard of certification and audit of ISO9000,ISO1400 and OHSAS18000. There was no mistaking what the degree was armed at. The methods of CE of dynamically performance divided indexes into tow parts: qualitative items and quantitative items, and
本论文主要进行了一体化管理体系动态的、立体的综合评价研究。通过综合现况评价，来帮助组织认识到自身目前处于何种管理水平，同时识别出制约其管理有效性的主要影响因素，有的放矢的制定和采取纠偏、预防措施。通过综合绩效评价，可帮助组织分析质量、环境、职业健康安全三方面综合作用效果和不协调因素，同时通过动态观点使组织认清自身在横向上处于同类同期组织中的何种位置，看到自身优势、劣势，取长补短；在纵向上认清自身在各时间段的绩效表现，分析绩效变化率，寻找最佳发展平衡点。通过可持续改进能力评价，帮助组织认清自身发展实力，潜在价值和潜在危机，积极采取对策，以实现管理体系一体化持续改进的目标宗旨。
本文在深入分析评价技术发展现状，常用综合评价方法存在不足的基础上，针对实施一体化管理体系综合评价特点(多层次、多指标、有许多非确定因素、且属性复杂)和运行规律，建立了现状、绩效和可持续发展能力三个综合评价体系和数学模型；提出了基于证据理论的动态绩效综合评价、基于集成赋权的多层次可持续发展能力综合评价和基于多层次群模糊理论的现况综合评价三个评价方法；论述了三个评价的基本原理、评价步骤；并进行了实证分析。
三个评价方法的改进和创新体现在：综合现况评价方法用模糊隶属函数确定评价标准级值，解决了在管理领域中，许多评价指标的评价标准等级难确定、较模糊问题；且定性、定量指标分别处理，都归于了评价集的六个等级、六个得分值，利于一致计算评价结果、及评价结果综合合成，该等级与ISO9000、ISO14000、OHSAS18000认证审核标准一致，有较强的针对性。动态绩效综合评价方法，提出了基于证据理论的mass函数合成的指标量化(并加以置信度修正)方法，较好处理了具有模糊信息和不确定信息的合成问题，解决了管理领域中某些定性指标难以量化及评审人员由于主观认识的局限性而使专家评语具有不准确性的置信度问题。可持续发展能力综合评价方法在采取主、客观集成赋权法对指标进行权化处理时，对现有的集成赋权法进行了基于Lagrange条件极限原理的系数修正，体现了被评价对象之间(整体)最大差异的一种主客观信息综合集成的赋权方法，使评价结果更接近事实情况，评价方法更
In the paper, the appearance was considered over, it was built up systems and certification ang audit of Quality Management and Environment Management and Occupation Health and Safety Management in organizations of almostly our country separaely, and management efficiency is inferior. Firstly, it is show that the necessarily and possibility of integrating management with QMS(ISO9000) , EMS(ISO1400) and OH SMS(OHSAS18000), according to analyze the essence of management system, characteristic of international standard and developing trend of coming quality management. Secondly, the paper discusses the basic principle and notice of integrating management system, and discusses the main idea and focus of the integrated management system (IMS). Finally, the Total Improvement Management Pyramid was introduced to practice in IMS.
The paper mainly studies on the methods of comprehensive evaluation (CE) with dynamically and entirely, based on analyze its disadvantage in normal CE. Firstly, the three evaluation systems and models of the comprehensive actuality evaluation and comprehensive performance and sustainable development was built up, according to the characteristic (multi-layer, multi-index, many non-precise elements and complex evaluation conditions) of CE in organization with practiced IMS and law of exercise. Secondly, three methods of CE was put forward, they are the comprehensive dynamically evaluating performance based on evidential reasoning and the comprehensive serially evaluating the sustain development based on group of fuzzy evaluation with multi-layer and the comprehensive management actuality based on the group of fuzzy evaluation with multi-layer. Finally, three basic principle and steps of evaluation was given up, and according to study case to show that the methods is so practical and scientifically.
The methods of CE of management actuality determine the value of grade of evaluation sdandard with funcation of fuzzy. It resolves the problem of defficuty to determine the standard of CE. AHP of group of fuzzy determine the value of wighty of indexes. It avoids subjective opinion, to a certian extent. Qualitive indexes and quantitive indexes were settles, and belond to six degrees and value of evaluation, in order to compute the results of evaluation consistently and to integrate it, and the degrees comform with the standard of certification and audit of ISO9000,ISO1400 and OHSAS18000. There was no mistaking what the degree was armed at. The methods of CE of dynamically performance divided indexes into tow parts: qualitative items and quantitative items, and
引文
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