基于GIS的县域耕地地力评价、动态分析及改良利用研究
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摘要
耕地是土地的精华,是农业生产不可替代的重要生产资料,是保持社会和国民经济可持续发展的重要资源。良好的耕地地力水平与合理利用是实现区域农业和社会经济可持续发展的重要基础和必要条件,因此,及时掌握耕地资源的数量、质量及其变化情况对于合理规划和利用耕地,切实保护耕地具有十分重要的意义。通过耕地地力动态研究可以及时掌握耕地的基础地力变化规律,为合理利用土地,保护和提高耕地地力,指导当前农业生产,研究和制定相关政策提供科学依据。本研究以山东省广饶县为例,在2007和2005年二期耕地地力调查分析数据及其地力评价的基础上,进行了县域耕地地力动态变化及改良利用研究。
在GIS的支持下,采用土壤图和土地利用现状图叠置的方法划分评价单元,系统聚类与Delphi法相结合筛选参评因素,层次分析法(AHP)确定其权重,模糊评判法确定耕地地力等级。结果显示,广饶县耕地总体水平较好,一、二等地占总耕地面积的60.11%,主要分布在该县南部地区,中部地区也有小部分分布;三、四等地主要分布在中部地区,面积占耕地总面积的25.68%;相对较差的五、六等地分布在西北地区,面积占耕地总面积的14.21%。
通过对比分析2005年和2007年两期耕地地力评价数据,运用GIS叠置分析中的多边形与多边形叠加求交操作方法获取耕地地力变化分析单元,以2005年为基期,应用GIS的统计分析功能分别对2007年广饶县耕地地力综合指数、耕地土壤主要养分含量变化情况进行了分析,并应用GIS的自然间距分类的方法对变化量进行分级,共分为五级,即变好、略微变好、基本不变、略微变差和变差。在此基础上对每一级进行面积统计和分析,并提出合理利用的对策。结果显示,广饶县耕地地力总体水平逐渐变好。其中,变好的占耕地总面积的45.45%,基本不变的占32.73%,变差的占21.82%;耕地土壤有机质含量提高的耕地面积占49.81%,基本不变的占25.39%,降低的占24.80%;耕地土壤有效磷含量提高的耕地面积占66.37%,基本不变的是19.95%,降低的是13.68%;耕地土壤速效钾含量提高的耕地面积占55.94%,基本不变的是25.97%,降低的占18.09%。通过耕地地力动态研究,为农民科学有效的施肥提供了基础性数据,对改变农民盲目、过量施肥等现状,对农业主管部门合理规划和利用耕地有借鉴意义。
以2007年耕地地力评价数据为基础,通过建立耕地改良利用分区系统、选取改良利用限制性因子、制定耕地改良利用分区标准,最后在GIS支持下,利用耕地地力评价单元图,根据耕地改良利用各主导因子分区标准在其相应的属性库中进行检索分析,确定各单元相应的耕地改良利用类型,通过图面编辑生成耕地改良利用分区图,并统计各类型面积比例。结果显示,广饶县耕地改良利用分区共分为三类,即耕地土壤培肥改良利用区、耕地环境条件改善利用区和耕地土体整治改良利用区。其中土壤培肥改良利用区占耕地总面积的28.33%,而不需要改良的耕地达到了71.67%;耕地环境条件改善利用区面积占耕地总面积的44.23%,而不需要改良的耕地面积占55.77%;耕地土体整治改良区面积占总面积的37.95%,不需要改良的占到62.05%。结合广饶县耕地改良利用分布图,可以总体上掌握整个县域的耕地改良利用情况,进而提出相应的区域耕地改良利用方案,指导农民合理施肥,为耕地资源科学管理提供决策依据。
本研究实现了基于GIS的县域耕地地力评价、动态分析和改良利用分析,表明了GIS技术在耕地地力评价、耕地地力动态分析和耕地改良利用研究中应用的可行性和科学性,为快速、准确的开展耕地地力评价、动态分析和改良利用提供了可行的技术方法,对当前耕地资源的科学管理和可持续利用具有实践应用价值。
Cultivated land is the essence and irreplaceable resource for agricultural production, and it is also the important resource for sustainable development of our society and national economy. Favorable natural cultivated land quality and rational utilization of resources are important foundation and critical condition for regional agricultural and social-economic sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great significance to know the quantity, quality and changes of cultivated land for the reasonable planning, utilization and effective protection of cultivated land. Dynamic study of cultivated land fertility makes it possible to master the fundamental productivity variation of the cultivated land and provide a scientific basis for rational land utilization, soil fertility protection and improvement, cunrrent agricultural production, and related policy decision.Taking Guangrao County as the research area, this paper aims to study dynamic changes, improvement and utilization of cultivated land at county level based on GIS data analysis and fertility evaluation in 2005 and 2007.
The research firstly identified grading distribution of cultivated land in Guangrao County. Overlay method between soil map and land use map was adopted to produce evaluation units, evaluation factors were chosen by Delphi approach and cluster analysis with their weights determined by AHP method. Finally the grades of cultivated land fertility were evaluated by fuzzy discrimination method. Our results showed that the cultivated land fertility in Guangrao County was good in general with area of the first and the second grades 60.11% of the total area, the third and the fourth grades 25.68%, and the fifth and the sixth grades only 14.21% of the total area.
By means of comparing two period cultivated land fertility evaluation of 2005 and 2007, analysis unit of cultivated land fertility was obtained firstly by superimposing polygon intersection in overlay analysis of GIS.Then comprehensive index of cultivated land fertility and nutrient content changing situation of soil in 2007 were analyzed by using statistical function of GIS regarding 2005 of Guangrao as the base period. Based on classification method of natural distance, the variation was quantitatively classified into five levels, namely becoming better, appreciably becoming better,invariable,appreciably becoming worse and becoming worse. On the basis of this, five level soil fertilities were counted and analyzed respectively and some reasonable countermeasures were put forward. The results show that cultivated land fertility gradually meliorates and main nutrient content gradually increasing in Guangrao County. The area proportion of becoming-better, invariable and becoming-worse cultivated land fertility is 45.45%, 32.73% and 21.82% respectively. The area proportion of increased, invariable and decreased soil organic matter content is 49.81%, 25.39% and 24.80% respectively. The area proportion of increased, invariable and decreased soil available phosphorus content is 66.37%, 19.95% and 13.68% respectively. The area proportion of increased, invariable and decreased soil available potassium content is 55.94%, 25.97% and 18.09% respectively. The study of cultivated land fertility provided basic data for scientific and effective fertilization, changed the situation that farmers fertilized blindly and excessively, which is meaningful for planning and soil utilization of agricultural department.
The cultivated land improvement zone was divided based on cultivated land fertility evaluation data in 2007. Firstly, limiting factors of cultivated land improvement were selected, secondly, zoning standard in cultivated land improvement was estibulished, and finally, using the cultivated land evaluation unit, the cultivated land improvement zone types were dertermined by searching corresponding library properties according to the zoning standard of dominant factors in cultivated land improvement. The zoning maps were generated by map surface edition and area ratio of every type was acquisited by statistical analysis. Our results showed that the cultivated land improvement zone in Guangrao County was divided into three types. It included the soil fertility improvement zone, the natural environmental conditions improvement zone and the soil remediation improvement zone.The area of soil fertility improvement is 28.33% of the total area and unimprovement zone is 71.67%; The area of natural environmental conditions improvement zone is 44.23% of the total area and unimprovement zone is 55.77%; The area of soil remediation improvement zone is 37.95% of the total area and unimprovement zone 62.05%.This research presented the whole cultivated land improvement condition in Guangrao County, provided the corresponding solution and positive instruction of rational fertilization for farmers and scientific management for policymakers.
This study realized GIS supported cultivated land fertility evaluation, dynamic analysis,improvement and utilization. It proved that the application of GIS technology in cultivated land fertility evaluation, dynamic analysis, improvement and utilizaton is feasible and scientific. Therefor, it provides the technical scheme for the cultivated land fertility evaluation, dynamic analysis, improvement and utilizaton and has application values for scientific management and sustainable utilization of the cultivated land resources.
在GIS的支持下,采用土壤图和土地利用现状图叠置的方法划分评价单元,系统聚类与Delphi法相结合筛选参评因素,层次分析法(AHP)确定其权重,模糊评判法确定耕地地力等级。结果显示,广饶县耕地总体水平较好,一、二等地占总耕地面积的60.11%,主要分布在该县南部地区,中部地区也有小部分分布;三、四等地主要分布在中部地区,面积占耕地总面积的25.68%;相对较差的五、六等地分布在西北地区,面积占耕地总面积的14.21%。
通过对比分析2005年和2007年两期耕地地力评价数据,运用GIS叠置分析中的多边形与多边形叠加求交操作方法获取耕地地力变化分析单元,以2005年为基期,应用GIS的统计分析功能分别对2007年广饶县耕地地力综合指数、耕地土壤主要养分含量变化情况进行了分析,并应用GIS的自然间距分类的方法对变化量进行分级,共分为五级,即变好、略微变好、基本不变、略微变差和变差。在此基础上对每一级进行面积统计和分析,并提出合理利用的对策。结果显示,广饶县耕地地力总体水平逐渐变好。其中,变好的占耕地总面积的45.45%,基本不变的占32.73%,变差的占21.82%;耕地土壤有机质含量提高的耕地面积占49.81%,基本不变的占25.39%,降低的占24.80%;耕地土壤有效磷含量提高的耕地面积占66.37%,基本不变的是19.95%,降低的是13.68%;耕地土壤速效钾含量提高的耕地面积占55.94%,基本不变的是25.97%,降低的占18.09%。通过耕地地力动态研究,为农民科学有效的施肥提供了基础性数据,对改变农民盲目、过量施肥等现状,对农业主管部门合理规划和利用耕地有借鉴意义。
以2007年耕地地力评价数据为基础,通过建立耕地改良利用分区系统、选取改良利用限制性因子、制定耕地改良利用分区标准,最后在GIS支持下,利用耕地地力评价单元图,根据耕地改良利用各主导因子分区标准在其相应的属性库中进行检索分析,确定各单元相应的耕地改良利用类型,通过图面编辑生成耕地改良利用分区图,并统计各类型面积比例。结果显示,广饶县耕地改良利用分区共分为三类,即耕地土壤培肥改良利用区、耕地环境条件改善利用区和耕地土体整治改良利用区。其中土壤培肥改良利用区占耕地总面积的28.33%,而不需要改良的耕地达到了71.67%;耕地环境条件改善利用区面积占耕地总面积的44.23%,而不需要改良的耕地面积占55.77%;耕地土体整治改良区面积占总面积的37.95%,不需要改良的占到62.05%。结合广饶县耕地改良利用分布图,可以总体上掌握整个县域的耕地改良利用情况,进而提出相应的区域耕地改良利用方案,指导农民合理施肥,为耕地资源科学管理提供决策依据。
本研究实现了基于GIS的县域耕地地力评价、动态分析和改良利用分析,表明了GIS技术在耕地地力评价、耕地地力动态分析和耕地改良利用研究中应用的可行性和科学性,为快速、准确的开展耕地地力评价、动态分析和改良利用提供了可行的技术方法,对当前耕地资源的科学管理和可持续利用具有实践应用价值。
Cultivated land is the essence and irreplaceable resource for agricultural production, and it is also the important resource for sustainable development of our society and national economy. Favorable natural cultivated land quality and rational utilization of resources are important foundation and critical condition for regional agricultural and social-economic sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great significance to know the quantity, quality and changes of cultivated land for the reasonable planning, utilization and effective protection of cultivated land. Dynamic study of cultivated land fertility makes it possible to master the fundamental productivity variation of the cultivated land and provide a scientific basis for rational land utilization, soil fertility protection and improvement, cunrrent agricultural production, and related policy decision.Taking Guangrao County as the research area, this paper aims to study dynamic changes, improvement and utilization of cultivated land at county level based on GIS data analysis and fertility evaluation in 2005 and 2007.
The research firstly identified grading distribution of cultivated land in Guangrao County. Overlay method between soil map and land use map was adopted to produce evaluation units, evaluation factors were chosen by Delphi approach and cluster analysis with their weights determined by AHP method. Finally the grades of cultivated land fertility were evaluated by fuzzy discrimination method. Our results showed that the cultivated land fertility in Guangrao County was good in general with area of the first and the second grades 60.11% of the total area, the third and the fourth grades 25.68%, and the fifth and the sixth grades only 14.21% of the total area.
By means of comparing two period cultivated land fertility evaluation of 2005 and 2007, analysis unit of cultivated land fertility was obtained firstly by superimposing polygon intersection in overlay analysis of GIS.Then comprehensive index of cultivated land fertility and nutrient content changing situation of soil in 2007 were analyzed by using statistical function of GIS regarding 2005 of Guangrao as the base period. Based on classification method of natural distance, the variation was quantitatively classified into five levels, namely becoming better, appreciably becoming better,invariable,appreciably becoming worse and becoming worse. On the basis of this, five level soil fertilities were counted and analyzed respectively and some reasonable countermeasures were put forward. The results show that cultivated land fertility gradually meliorates and main nutrient content gradually increasing in Guangrao County. The area proportion of becoming-better, invariable and becoming-worse cultivated land fertility is 45.45%, 32.73% and 21.82% respectively. The area proportion of increased, invariable and decreased soil organic matter content is 49.81%, 25.39% and 24.80% respectively. The area proportion of increased, invariable and decreased soil available phosphorus content is 66.37%, 19.95% and 13.68% respectively. The area proportion of increased, invariable and decreased soil available potassium content is 55.94%, 25.97% and 18.09% respectively. The study of cultivated land fertility provided basic data for scientific and effective fertilization, changed the situation that farmers fertilized blindly and excessively, which is meaningful for planning and soil utilization of agricultural department.
The cultivated land improvement zone was divided based on cultivated land fertility evaluation data in 2007. Firstly, limiting factors of cultivated land improvement were selected, secondly, zoning standard in cultivated land improvement was estibulished, and finally, using the cultivated land evaluation unit, the cultivated land improvement zone types were dertermined by searching corresponding library properties according to the zoning standard of dominant factors in cultivated land improvement. The zoning maps were generated by map surface edition and area ratio of every type was acquisited by statistical analysis. Our results showed that the cultivated land improvement zone in Guangrao County was divided into three types. It included the soil fertility improvement zone, the natural environmental conditions improvement zone and the soil remediation improvement zone.The area of soil fertility improvement is 28.33% of the total area and unimprovement zone is 71.67%; The area of natural environmental conditions improvement zone is 44.23% of the total area and unimprovement zone is 55.77%; The area of soil remediation improvement zone is 37.95% of the total area and unimprovement zone 62.05%.This research presented the whole cultivated land improvement condition in Guangrao County, provided the corresponding solution and positive instruction of rational fertilization for farmers and scientific management for policymakers.
This study realized GIS supported cultivated land fertility evaluation, dynamic analysis,improvement and utilization. It proved that the application of GIS technology in cultivated land fertility evaluation, dynamic analysis, improvement and utilizaton is feasible and scientific. Therefor, it provides the technical scheme for the cultivated land fertility evaluation, dynamic analysis, improvement and utilizaton and has application values for scientific management and sustainable utilization of the cultivated land resources.
引文
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