不同土地利用方式对高寒地区水土保持生态服务功能的影响研究
|
摘要
本研究以位于祁连山东段的天祝金强河河谷阶地阳坡地带的退耕自然恢复地、当年弃耕地、坡耕地、人工草地和天然草地5种不同土地利用方式地为研究对象,探讨了不同土地利用方式下的植被和土壤理化性质变化,并对比分析不同土地利用方式对不同生态系统的有机物质生产、生物多样性维持、水源涵养、土壤保持、固碳功能和防风固沙功能等6个方面的水土保持生态服务功能的影响。主要结果如下:
⑴不同土地利用方式对地表植被和土壤的理化性质有显著的影响。天然草地在地表植被分布和土壤理化性质方面均优于其它土地利用方式,而坡耕地和当年弃耕地在地表植被分布和土壤理化性质方面均较差。
⑵不同土地利用方式下地上生物量表现为:坡耕地(369.6g·m-2)>人工草地(274.2g·m-2)>天然草地(211.1g·m-2)>退耕自然恢复地(176.4g·m-2)>当年弃耕地(66.8g·m-2)。地下生物量表现为:天然草地(2928.8g·m-2)>人工草地(738.3g·m-2)>坡耕地(315.8g·m-2)>退耕自然恢复地(296.3g·m-2)>当年弃耕地(62.9g·m-2)。地上生物量与植被盖度极显著相关(P<0.01),并符合二次函数变化关系;地下生物量与植被盖度和物种数极显著相关(P<0.01);地下生物量与植被盖度、物种数的变化分别符合对数和二次函数变化。不同土地利用方式下的生态系统产品提供功能的依次为:坡耕地>人工草地>天然草地>退耕自然恢复地>当年弃耕地。
⑶天然草地物种丰富度最大(13),退耕自然恢复地次之(11),坡耕地和当年弃耕地最小(7)。天然草地生态优势度和物种多样性最高,坡耕地最低。退耕自然恢复地群落的物种均匀度最大(0.51),坡耕地最小(0.32)。不同土地利用方式地的多样性维持生态服务功能的依次为:天然草地>退耕自然恢复地>人工草地>坡耕地>当年弃耕地。
⑷天然草地土壤有机碳储量最高(5.269kg·m-2),退耕自然恢复地最低(1.826kg·m-2)。当年弃耕地和人工草地的土壤有机碳储量接近,但均小于天然草地。土壤0~30cm土层总有机碳储量表现为天然草地(15.558kg·m-2)>当年弃耕地(7.706kg·m-2)>人工草地(7.559kg·m-2)>坡耕地(6.076kg·m-2)>退耕自然恢复地(5.477kg·m-2)。0~20cm土壤表层的土壤的碳贮量对土壤整体碳储量能力的发挥着起着非常重要的作用。不同利用方式生态系统固碳生态服务功能依次为:天然草地>当年弃耕地>人工草地>坡耕地>退耕自然恢复地。
⑸不同利用方式地最大持水量分布在681.966～592.93t·hm-2之间;毛管持水量分布在537.52～622.207t·hm-2之间;非毛管持水量分布在36.019～62.894t·hm-2之间;土壤持水量天然草地最大,退耕自然恢复地最低。当年弃耕地地表径流量最大(2788.68m3·hm-2);退耕自然恢复地次之(2073.03m3·hm-2);天然草地(581.84m3·hm-2)最小。人为因素是影响地表径流量的主要因素。不同土地利用方式下水源涵养生态服务功能为:天然草地>坡耕地>人工草地>退耕自然恢复地>当年弃耕地。
⑹不同土地利用方式地的土壤侵蚀量分布在0.037～0.208t·hm-2之间;依次为:当年弃耕地(0.208t·hm-2)>坡耕地(0.155t·hm-2)>退耕自然恢复地(0.139t·hm-2)>人工草地(0.121t·hm-2)>天然草地(0.037t·hm-2)。不同土地利用方式地养分富集比不同。土壤养分流失呈现出高肥力土壤养分高流失、低肥力土壤养分低流失的规律。土壤侵蚀模数当年弃耕地最大(104.05t·km-2·a-1),天然草地最小(18.308t·km-2·a-1)。不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀模数的主要影响因子是径流量。不同土地利用方式土地生态系统土壤保持生态服务功能为:天然草地>人工草地>退耕自然恢复地>坡耕地>当年弃耕地。
⑺临界侵蚀风速最大的是人工草地(16m·s-1),坡耕地和天然草地次之(14m·s-1),当年弃耕地和退耕自然恢复地最小(12m·s-1)。风蚀速率与风速变化成正相关,随着风速增大,风蚀速率相应增加;风蚀速率和风速变化服从幂函数变化关系。在近地表0～20cm范围内,降尘量总量依次为退耕自然恢复地>当年弃耕地>天然草地>人工草地>坡耕地;不同土地利用方式土地生态系统防风固土功能为:退耕自然恢复地=天然草地>人工草地>坡耕地>当年弃耕地。
The study on the soil and water conservation ecological services under different land use patterns was conducted in Tianzhu, the alpine meadow area in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains. Five land use patterns, including naturally restored abandoned cropland (NRAC), abandoned cropland (AC), slope cropland (SC), sowed grassland (SG) and natural grassland (NG), were designed to study the impacts of different treatments on soil and water conservation and ecological service functions, including vegetation productivity, biodiversity maintenance, water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and wind erosion. The main results were as follows:
1) The impacts of different land use patterns on the vegetation and soil properties were significant. The vegetation features and soil properties in nature grassland were better than any other land use patterns, while the ground vegetation and soil physical-chemical characteristics in slope cropland and abandoned cropland were the worse.
2) The differences of aboveground and underground biomass among 5 types of land use patterns were significant. The order of aboveground biomass was SC (369.6 g/m2) > SG (274.2 g/m2) > NG (211.1 g/m2) > NRAC (176.4 g/m2) > AC (66.8 g/m2). And it was NG (2928.8 g/m2) > SG (738.3 g/m2) > SC (315.8 g/m2) > NRAC (296.3 g/m2) > AC (62.9 g/m2) for underground biomass. The following relationships were found: a logarithmic function relationship between underground biomass and vegetation coverage; a quadratic function relationship between underground biomass and species number. The aboveground biomass was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with vegetation coverage, the underground was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with species and vegetation coverage. The order of ecosystem product services was SC > SG > NG > NRAC > AC.
3) Among different land use patterns, the species richness of NG was highest (13), NRAC was next (11), SC and AC were the lowest (7). The ecological dominance and diversity of NG was highest and SC was lowest. The uniformity index of NRAC was the highest (0.51) and SC was the lowest (0.32). And the order was NG > NRAC > SG > SC > AC.
4) The storage of soil organic carbon in NG was the highest (5.269 kg/m2) and NRAC was the lowest (1.826 kg/m2). And that was close between SG and AC. The total storage of soil organic carbon within 0 to 30 cm soil layer was NG (15.558 kg/m2) > AC (7.706 kg/m2) > SG (7.559 kg/m2) > SC (6.076 kg/m2) > NRAC (5.477 kg/m2). The storage of soil organic carbon within 0 to 20 cm played an important role in the whole storage capacity of soil organic carbon. The storage capacity of soil organic carbon was NG > AC > SG > SC > NRAC.
5) The maximum moisture holding capacity distribution ranged from 681.966 t/ha to 592.93 t/ha in different land use patterns. The capillary moisture distribution ranged from 537.52 t/ha to 622.207 t/ha. The non-capillary moisture distribution ranged from 36.019 t/ha to 62.894 t/ha. The soil water capacity of NG was the highest, while the performance of NRAC was the worse. The ground runoff of AC was the highest (2788.68 m3/ha), and that of NRAC was the next (2073.03 m3/ha), NG was the lowest (581.84 m3/ha). Human activity was the main factor affecting ground runoff. The order of water conservation in different land use patterns was NG > SC > SG > NRAC > AC.
6) The soil erosion distribution ranged from 0.037 t/ha to 0.208 t/ha in different land use patterns. The order of soil erosion was AC (0.208 t/ha) > SC (0.155 t/ha) > NRAC (0.139t/ha) > SG (0.121t/ha) > NG (0.037 t/ha). The value of enrichment ratio of soil nutrients was different in different land use patterns. The characteristics of soil nutrient loss showed that high fertility soil lost more nutrients than low fertility soil. The soil erosion modulus of AC was the highest (104.05 t/km2·a), and NG was the lowest (18.308 t/km2·a). Main factor of soil erosion modulus was ground runoff. The order of soil conservation in different land use patterns was NG > SG > NRAC > SC > AC.
7) The threshold of wind erosion velocity for SG was the biggest (16m/s),SC and NG were the next (14m/s),AC and NRAC was the smallest (12m/s). The results indicated that the rate of wind erosion positively interrelates with the wind speed. The rate of wind erosion increased with the increasing of wind velocity. A power function relationship was found between wind erosion rate and wind velocity under different land use patterns. The order of the dustfall amount within 0 to 20 cm of aboveground was NRAC > AC > NG > SC > SC. The order of resistance to wind erosion and soil holding capacity of 5 patterns was NRAC = NG > SG > SC > AC.
⑴不同土地利用方式对地表植被和土壤的理化性质有显著的影响。天然草地在地表植被分布和土壤理化性质方面均优于其它土地利用方式,而坡耕地和当年弃耕地在地表植被分布和土壤理化性质方面均较差。
⑵不同土地利用方式下地上生物量表现为:坡耕地(369.6g·m-2)>人工草地(274.2g·m-2)>天然草地(211.1g·m-2)>退耕自然恢复地(176.4g·m-2)>当年弃耕地(66.8g·m-2)。地下生物量表现为:天然草地(2928.8g·m-2)>人工草地(738.3g·m-2)>坡耕地(315.8g·m-2)>退耕自然恢复地(296.3g·m-2)>当年弃耕地(62.9g·m-2)。地上生物量与植被盖度极显著相关(P<0.01),并符合二次函数变化关系;地下生物量与植被盖度和物种数极显著相关(P<0.01);地下生物量与植被盖度、物种数的变化分别符合对数和二次函数变化。不同土地利用方式下的生态系统产品提供功能的依次为:坡耕地>人工草地>天然草地>退耕自然恢复地>当年弃耕地。
⑶天然草地物种丰富度最大(13),退耕自然恢复地次之(11),坡耕地和当年弃耕地最小(7)。天然草地生态优势度和物种多样性最高,坡耕地最低。退耕自然恢复地群落的物种均匀度最大(0.51),坡耕地最小(0.32)。不同土地利用方式地的多样性维持生态服务功能的依次为:天然草地>退耕自然恢复地>人工草地>坡耕地>当年弃耕地。
⑷天然草地土壤有机碳储量最高(5.269kg·m-2),退耕自然恢复地最低(1.826kg·m-2)。当年弃耕地和人工草地的土壤有机碳储量接近,但均小于天然草地。土壤0~30cm土层总有机碳储量表现为天然草地(15.558kg·m-2)>当年弃耕地(7.706kg·m-2)>人工草地(7.559kg·m-2)>坡耕地(6.076kg·m-2)>退耕自然恢复地(5.477kg·m-2)。0~20cm土壤表层的土壤的碳贮量对土壤整体碳储量能力的发挥着起着非常重要的作用。不同利用方式生态系统固碳生态服务功能依次为:天然草地>当年弃耕地>人工草地>坡耕地>退耕自然恢复地。
⑸不同利用方式地最大持水量分布在681.966～592.93t·hm-2之间;毛管持水量分布在537.52～622.207t·hm-2之间;非毛管持水量分布在36.019～62.894t·hm-2之间;土壤持水量天然草地最大,退耕自然恢复地最低。当年弃耕地地表径流量最大(2788.68m3·hm-2);退耕自然恢复地次之(2073.03m3·hm-2);天然草地(581.84m3·hm-2)最小。人为因素是影响地表径流量的主要因素。不同土地利用方式下水源涵养生态服务功能为:天然草地>坡耕地>人工草地>退耕自然恢复地>当年弃耕地。
⑹不同土地利用方式地的土壤侵蚀量分布在0.037～0.208t·hm-2之间;依次为:当年弃耕地(0.208t·hm-2)>坡耕地(0.155t·hm-2)>退耕自然恢复地(0.139t·hm-2)>人工草地(0.121t·hm-2)>天然草地(0.037t·hm-2)。不同土地利用方式地养分富集比不同。土壤养分流失呈现出高肥力土壤养分高流失、低肥力土壤养分低流失的规律。土壤侵蚀模数当年弃耕地最大(104.05t·km-2·a-1),天然草地最小(18.308t·km-2·a-1)。不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀模数的主要影响因子是径流量。不同土地利用方式土地生态系统土壤保持生态服务功能为:天然草地>人工草地>退耕自然恢复地>坡耕地>当年弃耕地。
⑺临界侵蚀风速最大的是人工草地(16m·s-1),坡耕地和天然草地次之(14m·s-1),当年弃耕地和退耕自然恢复地最小(12m·s-1)。风蚀速率与风速变化成正相关,随着风速增大,风蚀速率相应增加;风蚀速率和风速变化服从幂函数变化关系。在近地表0～20cm范围内,降尘量总量依次为退耕自然恢复地>当年弃耕地>天然草地>人工草地>坡耕地;不同土地利用方式土地生态系统防风固土功能为:退耕自然恢复地=天然草地>人工草地>坡耕地>当年弃耕地。
The study on the soil and water conservation ecological services under different land use patterns was conducted in Tianzhu, the alpine meadow area in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains. Five land use patterns, including naturally restored abandoned cropland (NRAC), abandoned cropland (AC), slope cropland (SC), sowed grassland (SG) and natural grassland (NG), were designed to study the impacts of different treatments on soil and water conservation and ecological service functions, including vegetation productivity, biodiversity maintenance, water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and wind erosion. The main results were as follows:
1) The impacts of different land use patterns on the vegetation and soil properties were significant. The vegetation features and soil properties in nature grassland were better than any other land use patterns, while the ground vegetation and soil physical-chemical characteristics in slope cropland and abandoned cropland were the worse.
2) The differences of aboveground and underground biomass among 5 types of land use patterns were significant. The order of aboveground biomass was SC (369.6 g/m2) > SG (274.2 g/m2) > NG (211.1 g/m2) > NRAC (176.4 g/m2) > AC (66.8 g/m2). And it was NG (2928.8 g/m2) > SG (738.3 g/m2) > SC (315.8 g/m2) > NRAC (296.3 g/m2) > AC (62.9 g/m2) for underground biomass. The following relationships were found: a logarithmic function relationship between underground biomass and vegetation coverage; a quadratic function relationship between underground biomass and species number. The aboveground biomass was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with vegetation coverage, the underground was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with species and vegetation coverage. The order of ecosystem product services was SC > SG > NG > NRAC > AC.
3) Among different land use patterns, the species richness of NG was highest (13), NRAC was next (11), SC and AC were the lowest (7). The ecological dominance and diversity of NG was highest and SC was lowest. The uniformity index of NRAC was the highest (0.51) and SC was the lowest (0.32). And the order was NG > NRAC > SG > SC > AC.
4) The storage of soil organic carbon in NG was the highest (5.269 kg/m2) and NRAC was the lowest (1.826 kg/m2). And that was close between SG and AC. The total storage of soil organic carbon within 0 to 30 cm soil layer was NG (15.558 kg/m2) > AC (7.706 kg/m2) > SG (7.559 kg/m2) > SC (6.076 kg/m2) > NRAC (5.477 kg/m2). The storage of soil organic carbon within 0 to 20 cm played an important role in the whole storage capacity of soil organic carbon. The storage capacity of soil organic carbon was NG > AC > SG > SC > NRAC.
5) The maximum moisture holding capacity distribution ranged from 681.966 t/ha to 592.93 t/ha in different land use patterns. The capillary moisture distribution ranged from 537.52 t/ha to 622.207 t/ha. The non-capillary moisture distribution ranged from 36.019 t/ha to 62.894 t/ha. The soil water capacity of NG was the highest, while the performance of NRAC was the worse. The ground runoff of AC was the highest (2788.68 m3/ha), and that of NRAC was the next (2073.03 m3/ha), NG was the lowest (581.84 m3/ha). Human activity was the main factor affecting ground runoff. The order of water conservation in different land use patterns was NG > SC > SG > NRAC > AC.
6) The soil erosion distribution ranged from 0.037 t/ha to 0.208 t/ha in different land use patterns. The order of soil erosion was AC (0.208 t/ha) > SC (0.155 t/ha) > NRAC (0.139t/ha) > SG (0.121t/ha) > NG (0.037 t/ha). The value of enrichment ratio of soil nutrients was different in different land use patterns. The characteristics of soil nutrient loss showed that high fertility soil lost more nutrients than low fertility soil. The soil erosion modulus of AC was the highest (104.05 t/km2·a), and NG was the lowest (18.308 t/km2·a). Main factor of soil erosion modulus was ground runoff. The order of soil conservation in different land use patterns was NG > SG > NRAC > SC > AC.
7) The threshold of wind erosion velocity for SG was the biggest (16m/s),SC and NG were the next (14m/s),AC and NRAC was the smallest (12m/s). The results indicated that the rate of wind erosion positively interrelates with the wind speed. The rate of wind erosion increased with the increasing of wind velocity. A power function relationship was found between wind erosion rate and wind velocity under different land use patterns. The order of the dustfall amount within 0 to 20 cm of aboveground was NRAC > AC > NG > SC > SC. The order of resistance to wind erosion and soil holding capacity of 5 patterns was NRAC = NG > SG > SC > AC.
引文
[1]安萍莉,琪赫,潘志华,等.北方农牧交错带不同农作制度对土壤风蚀银子的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2008, 22(5): 26-29.
[2]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
[3]蔡崇法,丁树文.坡地土壤养分流失影响因子的试验研究[M]中国土壤学会,中国植物营养与肥料学会.迈向21世纪的土壤与植物营养科学:第六届全国青年植物营养与科学工作者学术讨论论文集.北京:中国农业出版社,1997,225-229.
[4]曹志洪,朱永官.苏南稻麦两熟制下土壤养分平衡与培肥的长期实验[J].土壤,1995,27(2):60-64.
[5]柴亚凡,王恩姮,陈祥伟,等.植被恢复模式对黑土贮水性能及水分入渗特征的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2008, 22(1):60-64.
[6]陈伴勤,孙成权.国际全球变化研究核心计划(二)[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.131-151.
[7]陈光升,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.华西雨屏区人工竹林凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报, 2008,22(1):159-162.
[8]陈灵芝,钱迎倩.生物多样性科学前沿[J].生态学报,1977,17(6):565-572.
[9]陈奇伯.林地枯枝落叶层水土保持作用探讨[J].甘肃水利水电技术,1995,70-72.
[10]陈三雄,谢莉,张金池,等.黄浦江源区主要植被类型土壤水土保持功能研究[J].中国水土保持,2007, 3: 33-35.
[11]陈渭南,董光荣,董治宝.中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的进展与趋势[J].地球科学进展,1994, 9(5): 6-11.
[12]陈渭南.蒙陕接壤地区土壤母质的风蚀实验研究[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(1):33-39.
[13]陈志良,程炯,刘平,等.暴雨径流对流域不同土地利用土壤氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008, 22(5): 30-33.
[14]陈卓梅,郑郁善,黄先华.秃杉混交林水源涵养功能的研究[J].福建林学院学报, 2002,22(3):266-269.
[15]陈祖松,邵明安.黄土坡地土壤水分运动与转化机理研究进展[J].水科学进展,2003,14(4):513-520.
[16]程冬兵,蔡崇法,左长清.土壤侵蚀退化研究.水土保持研究,2006,13(5):252-254,258.
[17]戴小国,庞奖励,郭美娟,等.关中东部不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质对比研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究, 2009,25(2):223-227.
[18]董光荣,李长治,金炯,等.关于土壤风蚀风洞试验的若干结果[J].科学通报,1987,32(2):297-301.
[19]董全民,赵新全,马玉寿,等.牦牛放牧率与小嵩草高寒草甸暖季草地地上、地下生物量相关分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(5):65-70.
[20]董治宝,陈广庭.内蒙古后山地区土壤风蚀问题初论[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1997,3(2):85-90.
[21]董治宝,董光荣,陈广庭.风沙物理学研究进展与展望[J].大自然探索, 1995,14(3):30-38.
[22]杜峰,程积民.植被与水土流失[J].四川草原,1999,2:6-11.
[23]方精云.北半球中高纬度的森林碳库可能远小于目前的估算[J].植物生态学报, 2000, 24(5): 635-638.
[24]傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响——以延安市羊圈沟流域为例[J].地理学报,1999,54(3):241-246.
[25]傅伯杰,陈利顶,邱扬,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用结构与生态过程.北京:商务出版社.2002.1-12.
[26]傅涛,倪九派,魏朝富,等.坡耕地土壤侵蚀研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):123-128.
[27]高国雄,李文忠,周心澄,等.青海大通县退耕还林不同配置模式生态服务功能的评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):129-134.
[28]高立洪.水土流失是中国头号环境问题[N].中国水利报,2001,7-17.
[29]高英志,韩兴国,汪诗平.放牧对草原土壤的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):790-797.
[30]葛全胜,赵名茶,郑景云.20世纪中国土地利用变化研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(6):698-706.
[31]巩杰,陈利顶,傅伯杰,等.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用和植被恢复对土壤质量的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2004,15(12):2292-2296.
[32]郭朝霞,邓玉林,王玉宽,等.森林生态系统生态服务功能研究进展[J].西北林学院学报, 2007, 22(1): 173-177.
[33]郭立群,王庆华,周洪昌等.滇中高原区主要森林类型森林植物的降雨截留功能[J].云南林业部科技, 1999, (1): 22-25.
[34]哈斯.坝上高原土壤不可蚀性颗粒与耕作方式对风蚀的影响[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(4):92-96.
[35]韩永伟,韩建国,张蕴薇等.农牧交错带草地植被的水土保持作用研究[J].水土保持学报, 2004, 18(4): 24-28.
[36]郝建忠.黄丘一区水土保持单项措施及综合治理减水减沙效益研究[J].中国水土保持,1993, (3): 26-31.
[37]郝占庆,王力华.辽东山区主要森林类型林地土壤涵蓄水性能的研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(3): 237-241.
[38]何文清,高旺盛,妥德宝,等.北方农牧交错带土壤风蚀沙化影响因子的风洞实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):1-8.
[39]何文清,赵彩霞,高旺盛,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤风蚀主要影响因子研究——以内蒙古武川县为例[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2092-2096.
[40]和继军,蔡强国,唐泽军.PAM控制土壤风蚀的风洞研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):12-15.
[41]贺大良,邹本功,李长治,等.地表风蚀物理过程风洞实验的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1986,16(1):24-31.
[42]侯喜禄,梁一民,曹清玉.黄土丘陵区主要水保林类型及草地水保效益的研究[J].中国科学院,水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊,1991,(14):96-103.
[43]侯喜禄,曹清玉.陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区植被减水减沙效益研究[J].水土保持通报,1990,10(2):33-40.
[44]胡建民,胡欣等.红壤坡地坡改梯水土保持效应分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):271-73.
[45]胡孟春,王周龙.土壤风蚀的自然-社会复合系统动态过程模拟研究[J].科学通报, 1994,29(12): 1118-1121.
[46]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[47]黄福祥,牛海山,王明星,等.毛乌素沙地植被覆盖率与风蚀输沙率定量关系[J].地理学报, 2001,56(6): 700-710.
[48]黄富祥,王明星,王跃思.植被覆盖对风蚀地表保护作用研究的某些新进展[J].植物生态学报, 2002, 26(5): 627-633.
[49]黄建辉,韩兴国,陈灵芝.森林生态系统根系生物量研究进展[J].生态学报,1999,19(2): 270-277.
[50]黄进,张金池,陶宝先.江宁小流域主要森林类型水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1): 182-186.
[51]黄进勇,严力蛟,王兆骞.红壤小流域不同土地利用方式下的水土流失特征[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,28(1):78-82.
[52]黄忠良,孔国辉,余清发等.南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林水文功能及其养分动态的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(2):157-161.
[53]贾树海,王春枝,孙振涛,等.放牧强度和时期对内蒙古草原土壤压实效应的研究[J].草地学报,1999, 7(3): 217-221.
[54]贾树龙,孟春香,张执新.保护性耕作在河北省的区域适应性.华北农学报, 2003,18 (院庆专辑): 139-141.
[55]姜海燕,蒋春英,徐东艳等.辽宁东部山区森林涵养水源的生态服务功能价值估算[J].辽宁林业科技,2005, 3:6-9.
[56]姜志林.森林生态学(五):森林生态系统蓄水保土的功能(1)[J].生态学杂志,1984(6):58-63.
[57]蒋秋怡.林木地上部分的持水性能及其对林地水文学性质的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,1989,6(2): 176-181.
[58]蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估团[J].植物生态学报.2004,14(2):340-347.
[59]焦菊英,王万忠.人工草地在黄土高原水土保持中的减水减沙效益与有效盖度[J].草地学报,2001, 9(3): 176-182.
[60]焦燕,赵江红,徐柱.内蒙古农牧交错带土地利用对土壤性质的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(2): 234-238.
[61]李登航,王立,黄高宝,等.[J]保护性耕作对黄土高原坡耕地水土流失的影响.安徽农业科学,2009, 37(13): 6087-6088.
[62]李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报, 2009,40(2):310-313.
[63]李金昌.生态价值论[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1999.
[64]李静锐,饶良懿,余新晓.黄土高原水保耕作措施的生态服务功能价值[J].水土保持应用技术,2007,3: 12-14.
[65]李凌浩,陈佐忠.草地生态系统碳循环及其对全球变化的响应Ⅰ.碳循环的分室模型、碳出入于贮量[J],植物学通报,1998,(15):14-22.
[66]李鹏,李占斌,张兴昌.草灌植被拦蓄径流和泥沙有效性研究[J].水土保持学报, 2002, 16(1): 32-34.
[67]李生,任华东,姚小华,等.典型石漠化地区不同植被类型地表水土流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报, 2009, 23(2): 1-6.
[68]李文楷,李天宏,钱征寒,等.深圳市土地利用变化对生态服务功能的影响[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):440-445.
[69]李学梅,李忠峰.土地利用/覆被变化研究进展及其意义[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(6):2462-2464.
[70]李阳兵,谢德体.不同土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4): 123-125.
[71]李有斌,王刚.民勤荒漠绿洲植被的生态服务功能价值化研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 42(1):43-49.
[72]李育中,程延年.抑蒸集水抗旱技术[M].气象出版社,1999.96-102.
[73]李毓堂.1994.草业—富国强民的新兴产业[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,57-58、78.
[74]李智广,曹炜,刘秉正,等.我国水土流失状况与发展趋势研究.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):57-62.
[75]刘宝元,唐克丽,查轩,等.坡耕地不同地面覆盖的水土流失试验研究[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(1): 25-30.
[76]刘成武,黄利民.土地利用/土地覆盖变化的研究方法[J].地域研究与开发, 2004, 23 (4):11-14.
[77]刘道平,陈三雄,张金池,等.浙江安吉主要林地类型土壤渗透性[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3): 493-498.
[78]刘和林,杨改河,张生军.北方农牧交错区农业水事活动对生态环境的影响[J].人民黄河,2006,28(5): 32-34.
[79]刘梦云,安韶山,常庆瑞,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤化学性质特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):39-42.
[80]刘目兴,王静爱,严平,等.垄作对旱作农田土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(3): 54-57.
[81]刘培娟,隋栋梁,孙金芬.不同灌木林地土壤蓄水性能及渗透性能的研究[J].水利科技,2007,12: 17-19
[82]刘素军,孙铁军,张胜,等.玉米与草地雀麦种植对坡地水土流失的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(1): 181-185.
[83]刘晚苟,山仑,邓西平.植物对土壤紧实度的反应[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(3):254-260.
[84]刘霞,张光灿,李雪蕾,等.小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征[J].水土保持学报, 2004,22(2):111-115.
[85]刘贤万.实验风沙物理与风沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[86]刘向东,吴钦孝,赵鸿雁.黄土高原油松人工林枯枝落叶层水文生态功能研究[J].水土保持学报, 1991, 5(4): 87-92.
[87]刘小兰,刘军.黄土高原水肥资源的高效利用[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2002.
[88]刘玉龙,马俊杰,金学林,等.生态系统服务功能价值评估方法综述[J].中国人口资源与环境,2005, 15(1): 88-92.
[89]刘玉璋,董光荣,李长治.影响土壤风蚀主要因素的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(4):41-49.
[90]刘震.从我国水土流失现状看水土保持生态建设战略布局.中国水土保持,2002,(6):2-4.
[91]刘震.从我国水土流失现状看水土保持生态建设战略布局及主要任务.理论探讨,2002,7:31-33.
[92]柳长顺.土地利用变化研究方法的探讨——以西吉县80年代土地利用变化为例[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):60-66.
[93]柳小妮,孙九林,张德罡,等.东祁连山不同退化阶段高寒草甸群落结构与植物多样性特征研究[J].草业科学: 2008, 17(4):1-11
[94]柳媛普,吕世华,李锁锁.黄河源区草地农牧化对秋后环境影响的数值模拟[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4): 733-740.
[95]龙瑞军.青藏高原草地生态系统之服务功能[J].Science & Technology Review,2007,25(9):26-28.
[96]吕世海,卢欣石.呼伦贝尔草地风蚀沙化植被生物多样性研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(4):6-10.
[97]吕世海.呼伦贝尔沙化草地系统退化特征及围封效应研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[98]马安青,王彦丽,王一谋,安兴琴.基于RS、GIS两大沙漠边缘带土地利用/覆盖对近十余年来气候变化的响应研究.干旱区地理.2005,28(4):560-564.
[99]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,1995,15(3): 268-277.
[100]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法/钱迎倩,马克平,生物多样性研究的原理与方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,141-165.
[101]马雪华.森林生态系统定位研究方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,143-172.
[102]闵庆文,刘寿东,杨霞.内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能价值评估研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(3): 165-169.
[103]慕青松,陈晓辉.临界侵蚀风速与植被盖度之间的关系[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):534-538.
[104]欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估[J].应用生态学报,1999, 10(5): 607-613.
[105]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报, 1999, 18(5):607-613.
[106]欧阳志云,等.生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(5): 45-50.
[107]欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(5): 635-640.
[108]潘根兴,曹建华等.土壤碳及其在地球表层系统碳环中的意义[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(4):325-335.
[109]潘根兴,李恋卿等.土壤有机碳库与全球变化研究的若干前沿问题——兼开展中国水稻土有机碳库固定研究的建议[J].南京农业大学学报,2005,3:100-109.
[110]齐清,李传荣,许景伟,等.沙质海岸不同植被类型土壤水源涵养功能的研究[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(6): 102-105.
[111]邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2009, 29(1): 84-89.
[112]邱莉萍,张兴昌.子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].自然资源学报, 2006, 21(6): 965-971.
[113]戎玉萍,韩建国,王培,等.放牧强度对草地土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国草地,2001,23(4):41-47.
[114]石益丹,李玉浸,杨殿林,等.呼伦贝尔草地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2099-2103.
[115]史培军,陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化机制分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(2):151-160.
[116]史培军,李晓兵,陈晋,等.土地利用/覆盖变化与生态安全响应机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[117]史培军,王静爱,冯文利,等.中国土地利用覆盖变化的生态环境安全响应与调控[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(2):111-119.
[118]苏大学.天然草原在防治黄河上中游流域水土流失与土地荒漠化中的作用与地位[J].草地学报,2000,8(2):77-81.
[119]苏大学.草地生态建设——防止水土流失及洪水灾害的重要举措[J].中国科学院院刊,1999,(2): 124-126.
[120]苏宁虎.森林枯落物的水文作用研究综述[J].陕西林业科技.1984,4.
[121]孙刚,盛连喜,周道玮.生态系统服务及其保护策略[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):265-368.
[122]孙海群.青海禾本科植物的生物多样性分析[J].草业科学,2002,19(2):7-12.
[123]孙铁军,刘素军,肖春利,等.草地雀麦刈割对坡地水土流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4): 34-37
[124]孙维侠,史学正,于东升.土壤有机碳的剖面分布特征及其密度的估算方法研究———以我国东北地区为例[J].土壤,2003,35(3):236.
[125]孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报, 2006, 20 (2):106-109.
[126]唐克丽.土壤侵蚀环境演变与全球变化及防灾减灾的机制[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(2):81-86.
[127]陶贞,沈承德,高全洲,等.高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分布特征[J].地理学报,2006,61(7): 720-727.
[128]田卫堂,胡维银,李军,等.我国水土流失现状和防治对策分析[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(4):204-209.
[129]涂利华,谢财永,胡庭兴,等.华西雨屏区几种牧草的水土保持能力研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5): 35-38.
[130]王发刚,王文颖,陈志,等.土地利用变化对高寒草甸植物群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(3):58-63.
[131]王红,宫鹏,刘高焕.黄河三角洲土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究现状与展望[J].自然资源学报, 2004,19(1):110-118.
[132]王华.亚热带区域几种典型人工林生态系统服务功能研究[D].湖南农业大学,2007,92-98.
[133]王景燕,龚伟,胡庭兴,等.川南天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后的土壤水源涵养功能[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(5):569-574.
[134]王俊明,张兴昌,退耕草地演替过程中的碳储量变化[J].草业学报,2009,18(2):1-8.
[135]王礼先.水土保持学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[136]王凭青,段传人,王伯初.杂交狼尾草水土保持能力的实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1): 114-116.
[137]王勤,张宗应,徐小牛.安徽大别山库区不同林分类型的土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):59-62.
[138]王清奎,汪思龙,高洪,等.土地利用方式对土壤有机质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):360-363.
[139]王清奎,汪思龙.土壤团聚体形成与稳定机制及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):415-421.
[140]王瑞东,靳甜甜,等.呼伦贝尔草原不同草地利用方式下生物多样性与生物量的关系[J].生态学报,2008, 28(11):5392-5400.
[141]王涛,吴薇.我国北方的土地利用与沙漠化[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(4):355-358.
[142]王万忠,焦菊英.中国土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,19%,16(5):1-20.
[143]王晓燕,田均良.用137Cs法研究黄土区耕垦历史不同的坡面土壤侵蚀强度分异[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(1):1-4.
[144]王雪华.森林水文学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993:213-253.
[145]王燕,王兵,赵广东,等.江西大岗山3种林型土壤水分物理性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1): 151-153.
[146]王育红,蔡典雄,姚宇卿,等.保护性耕作对豫西黄土坡耕地降水产流、土壤水分入渗及分配的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):29-37
[147]王宗明,国志兴,宋开山,等.2000～2005年三江平原土地利用/覆被变化对植被净初级生产力的影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(1):136-145.
[148]王宗明,张柏,张树清.吉林省生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1):55-61.
[149]巍强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):111-114.
[150]魏强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同植被下的地表径流和土壤侵蚀[J].北京林业大学学报,2008, 30(5): 111-117.
[151]文倩,关欣.土壤团聚体形成的研究进展.干旱区研究,2004,21(4):434-438.
[152]文亦芾,毕玉芬,董亚芳.金沙江流域退耕还草地水土保持效益分析研究[J].土壤,2006,38(4): 489-493.
[153]吴承祯,洪伟.不同经营模式土壤团粒结构的分形特征研究[J].土壤学报,1995,36(2):162-167.
[154]吴会军.豫西黄土坡耕地保护耕作对水土保持作用的研究[D].中国农业科学院,2001.
[155]吴静.甘肃省天祝县土地利用/土地变化(LUCC)研究[D].甘肃农业大学,2007.
[156]吴钦孝,韩冰,李秧秧.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤水分入渗特征研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(6): 1-5.
[157]吴钦孝,杨文治.黄土高原植被建设与持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[158]吴永红,李悼,冉大川,等.水土保持坡面措施减水减沙效益计算方法探讨[J].水土保持通报,1998, 18(1): 43-47.
[159]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:4-12.
[160]希斯等编著.黄文惠等译.牧草—草原农业科学(第四版)[M].北京:农业出版社,1981,18-36.
[161]夏江宝,曲志远,朱玮,等.鲁中山区不同人工林土壤水分特征[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):45-50.
[162]肖春娥,宁立波.甘肃省水土流失的原因分析及治理对策研究[J].安全与环境工程,2002,9(2):9-12.
[163]肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探———以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例[J].应用生态学报, 2000,11(4):481-484.
[164]谢高地,张钇钽,鲁春霞,郑度,成升魁.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报.2001(1). 47-53.
[165]熊顺贵.基础土壤学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996.126-130.
[166]熊运阜,王宏兴,白志刚,等.梯田、林地、草地减水减沙效益指标初探[J].中国水土保持,1996,(8): 10-13.
[167]徐清艳,周跃.大红山铁矿林草植被水土保持效益的研究[J].福建林业科技,2007,34(3):73-76.
[168]徐中民,张志强,龙爱华等.额济纳旗生态系统系统恢复价值评估方法得比较与应用[J].生态学报.2003,23(9):1842-1850.
[169]许景伟,李传荣,夏江宝,等.黄河三角洲滩地不同林分类型的土壤水文特性[J].水土保持学报,2009, 23, (1): 173-176.
[170]许鹏主编.草地调查规划学[M].中国农业出版社,北京:1994.
[171]许岳飞,毕玉芬,金晶炜.灌草复合型草地水土保持功能与经济效益分析[J].水土保持学报,2007, 21(6):56-74.
[172]许志信,李永强.草地退化对水土流失的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(1):65-68.
[173]许志信,张晓明,白飞,等.草甸草原植被利用强度对水土流失影响的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2001, 22(1):68-73.
[174]薛达元,包浩生,李文华.长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估[J].中国环境科学. 1999(3): 247-252.
[175]杨大三等.鄂西三峡库区防护林研究[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1996.
[176]杨刚,杨智明,王思成,等.盐池四墩子试区草原围栏封育效果调研[J].宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(1): 22-24.
[177]杨红善,那·巴特尔,周学辉,等.不同放牧强度对肃北高寒草原土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):150-152.
[178]杨洪军,金母务哈,赵庭辉,等.高海拔岩溶石山区草地植被水土流失测定[J].四川草原,2005,(10): 1-3.
[179]杨建英,赵延宁.坡面侵蚀研究现状及展望[J].北京林业大学学报,1994,16(1):95-101.
[180]杨金玲,张甘霖,张华,等.丘陵地区流域土地利用对氮素径流输出的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(1): 16-23.
[181]杨鹏.防治土壤退化.国土与自然资源研究,2002,(4):32-33.
[182]杨瑞珍.我国坡耕地资源及其利用模式[J].自然资源,1994(1):1-7.
[183]杨玉海,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.准格尔盆地西北缘新垦绿洲土地利用对土壤养分变化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(1):94-100.
[184]杨元合,饶胜,胡会峰,等.青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量的关系[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):200-205.
[185]杨跃军,刘羿.生态系统服务功能研究综述[J].中南林业调查研究,2008,27(4):58-62.
[186]杨子生,李云辉,邹忠,等.中国西部大开发云南省土地资源开发利用规划研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.2003.
[187]杨子生,刘彦随,卢艳霞.山区水土流失防治与土地资源持续利用关系探讨[J].资源科学,2005,27(6): 146-150.
[188]殷振华,毕玉芬,李世玉.封育对云南退化山地草甸植物种类及盖度的影响[J].草业科学,2008, 25(12): 18-22.
[189]于应文,胡子治等.东祁连山高寒灌丛植被类型与分布特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1999,34(1): 12-17.
[190]余新晓,秦永胜,陈丽华,等.北京山地森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究[J].生态学报, 2002,22(5): 783-786.
[191]余新晓,张晓明,武思宏,等.黄土区林草植被与降水对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响[J].山地学报, 2006, 24(1):19-26.
[192]袁春明,郎南军,孟广涛,等.长江上游云南松水土保持林地破面径流与侵蚀规律的研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(6):74-76.
[193]袁伟玲,曹凑贵.农田生态系统服务功能及可持续发展对策初探[J].湖南农业科学,2007,(1):1-3.
[194]曾伯庆,马文中,李俊文,等.人工草地植被对产流产沙影响的研究[J].晋西黄土高原土城侵蚀规律实验研究文集,北京:水利电力出版社,1990,80-86.
[195]张春来,邹学勇,董光荣,等.植被对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3): 31-33.
[196]张国红,张振贤,黄延楠,等.土壤紧实程度对其某些相关理化性状和土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(6):1094-1097.
[197]张国清,丁桑岚,陈青玉.眉山市不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀分析[J].中国水土保持,2008,10:41-43.
[198]张金波,宋长春.三江平原不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3): 371-373.
[199]张金池,胡海波.水土保持及防护林学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996.
[200]张金霞,曹广民,周党卫,等.高寒矮嵩草草甸大气-土壤-植被-动物系统碳素储量及碳素循环[J].生态学报,2003, 23(4):627-634.
[201]张雷燕,刘常富,王彦辉,等.宁夏六盘山地区不同森林类型土壤的蓄水和渗透能力比较[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):95-98.
[202]张丽娟,毕淑芹,袁丽金,等.不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀与养分流失的模拟试验[J].林业科学,43(1):17-21.
[203]张娜,梁一民.黄十氏陵区天然草地地下/地上生物量的侧的研究[J].草业学报,2002,11(2):72-79.
[204]张琪,方海兰,史志华,等.侵蚀条件下土壤性质对团聚体稳定性影响的研究进展[J].林业科学,2007,43(1):77-81.
[205]张清春,刘宝元,翟刚.植被与水土流失研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):96-101.
[206]张少良,张兴义,刘晓冰,等.典型黑土侵蚀区不同耕作措施的水土保持功效研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):11-15.
[207]张天华.西藏拉萨拉鲁湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算[J]生态学报,2005,25(12):3177-3180.
[208]张燕,崔学民,樊明寿.大气氮沉降及其对草地生物多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(7):12-17.
[209]张志强,徐中民.黑河流域张掖市生态系统服务恢复价值评估研究-以连续型和离散型条件价值评估方法的比较应用[J].自然资源学报,2004.19(2):230-239.
[210]赵鸿雁,吴钦孝,陈云明.黄土高原不同处理人工油松林地水土流失研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(6):171-173.
[211]赵护兵,刘国彬,曹清玉.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用方式水土流失及养分保蓄效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):20-24.
[212]赵立军,陈焕伟,白晓飞.基于GIS技术的伊金霍洛旗土壤保持生态服务功能价值评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,7:20-22.
[213]赵萌莉,韩冰,红梅,等.内蒙古草地生态系统服务功能与生态补偿[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(2): 10-13.
[214]赵明坤,陈瑞祥.苇状羊茅和鸭茅的水土保持效果[J].贵州农业科学, 2006, 34(4):92-94.
[215]赵其国,孙波,张桃林.土壤质量与持续环境Ⅰ.土壤质量的定义及评价方法[J].土壤,1997,29(3): 113-120.
[216]赵松龄.集水农业引论[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996.3.
[217]赵同谦,欧阳志云,贾良清,等.中国草地生态系统服务功能间接价值评价[J].生态学报,2004,24(6): 1101-1109.
[218]赵同谦,欧阳志云等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4): 480-491.
[219]赵文智,程国栋.人类土地利用的主要生态后果极其缓解对策[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(4):369-374.
[220]赵勇刚,赵世伟,华娟,等.半干旱典型草原区风雨草地土壤结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(1): 106-112.
[221]赵有恩.黄河中游水保减沙效益分析方法的改进与应用[J].土城侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(3): 29-34.
[222]赵忠,王安禄,马海生,等.青藏高原东缘草地生态系统动态定位监测与可持续发展要素研究[J].草业科学,2002,19(6):9-13.
[223]郑粉莉,王占礼,杨勤科.我国土壤侵蚀科学研究回顾和展望.自然杂志,2008,30(1):12-16.
[224]郑华,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.人类活动对生态系统服务功能的影响[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(1): 118-126.
[225]郑淑华,郭慧清,赵萌莉,等.草甸草原草地基况与生物多样性关系的研究[J].中国草地学报,2007, 29(4): 9-14.
[226]郑淑华.不同放牧强度下养草草原生态系统服务功能价值评估[D].内蒙古农业大学,2006:18.
[227]郑郁善,杨伦增.杉木毛竹混交林水文效应的研究[J].福建林学院学报,1995,15(4):325-330.
[228]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定[M].北京:科学出版社,1978, 147-148.
[229]周和平,尹建军,肖送成.土地利用/覆盖对洞庭湖流域水土流失的影响[J].水资源与水工程学报, 2008,19(6):45-48.
[230]周晓峰,蒋敏元.黑龙江省森林效益的计量、评价及补偿[J].林业科学,2003,35(3):97-102.
[231]周晓峰.中国森林与生态环境.北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[232]周尧治,王旭,杨桂霞,等.不同利用方式对草甸草原抗风蚀能力的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(5): 1394-1399.
[233]周择福.北京九龙山低山区不同立地土壤水分生态及综合评价的研究[J].北京水利,1996(4):28-33.
[234]朱高洪,毛锋.我国水土流失影响辨识与直接经济损失评估.中国水土保持,2007(8):4-7.
[235]朱晓艳,张英俊,历卫宏,等.滇东北山区不同类型植被对水土流失的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(3): 310-314.
[236]字淑慧,吴伯志,段青松.不同草带对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5):39-42.
[237]Aguilar R, Kelly E F,Heil R D. Effect of cultivation on soils in Northern Great Plains Rangeland [J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1988,52:1081-1085.
[238]Anderson H W, Trobitz H K. Influence of some watershed variables on a major flood[ J ]. Forestry, 1949, 47 (5) : 347-356.
[239]Arvidsson J. Nutrientuptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction[J]. Plant and Soil,1999, 208(1): 9-19.
[240]Batjes N H.The total C and N in soils of the world[J].European Journal Soil Science,1996,47(2): 151-163.
[241]Bjorklund J,Limburg K E,Rydberg T. Impact of production intensity on the ability of the agricultural landseape to generate eeosystem services: an example from Sweden[J].Ecological Economies, 1999,29:269-291.
[242]Bolund P, Hunhammar S. Ecosystem services in urban areas[J].Ecological Economics, 1999,29: 293-301.
[243]Bosch J M,Hewlett JD.A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration.J Hydrol,1982,55,3-23.
[244]Bradford J M, Huang C H.I nterrill soil erosion as affected by tillage and residue cover [J]. Soil & Tillage Research,1994,31:353-361.
[245]Braskerud B.C. The influence of vegetation on sedimentation and resusPension of soil Particles in small construeted wetlands. Journal of Environmental Quality.2001,30(4):1447-1457.
[246]Bressolier C, Thomas Yves-F. Studies on wind and plant interactions on French Atlantic coastal dunes[J].Journal of sedimentary petrology, 1979, 47(1):331-338.
[247]Carpenteret S R, Caraco NF, Corrrell DL,et al. Nonpoint pollution of surface waterwith phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications, 8: 559-568.
[248]Carroll C, Merton L, Burger P. Impact of vegetation cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queenlands coal mines[J]. Aust. J. Soil Res., 2000, 38: 313-327.
[249]Carter M R.Soil quality for sustainable land management: organic matter and aggregation interactions and maintain soil functions Agron [J].2002,94:38-47.
[250]CCICCD.China Country Paper to Combat Desertification.Beijing:China Forestry Press,1997.
[251]Cerda A. Parent material and vegetation affect soil erosion in eastern spain[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1999,63:362-368.
[252]Chaubey I. Effectiveness of VFS in controlling losses of sur-face applied poultry litters constituents [M]. Tran of theASAE,1985,38(6):1687-1692.
[253]Chepil W S,Englehorn C L,Zingg A W.The effect of cultivation on erodibility of soils by wind[J].Soil Sci Soc Am Proc,1952,16:19-21.
[254]Chopra K. The value of non-timber forest products: an estimation for tropical deciduous forests in India[J]. Economic Botany, 1993, 47:251-257.
[255]Chris S R,Jon H.Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional seales-therole of geomorphologists in land management researeh and imPlementation[J].Geomorphology. 2002,47: 189-209.
[256]Costanza R, D Arge R, DE Groot R, et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 1997, 387:253-260.
[257]Costanza R,Stem D,Fisher B,et al. Influential publications in ecological economics: a citation analysis [J]. Eeological Economics,2004,50:261-292.
[258]D.R.Huggins et al,Soil. Sci.Soc.Am.J.1998,62:195-203 .
[259]D.S.Jenkinson,et al,J.soil Science. 1977,123:424-434.
[260]Daily G. Nature’s Service:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems Washington DC:Island Press, 1997.
[261]De Groot R S,Wilson M A,Bouman S R M J. A typology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services[J].Ecological Economies,2002,41:393-408.
[262]Diaz S, CabidoM.Vive la difference: Plant functional diversitymatters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology andEvolution, 2001,16: 646-655.
[263]Dieterich M. Dynamics of a biotic parameters, solute removal and sediment retention in summer2dry headwater streams ofwestern Oregon[ J ].Hydrobiology, 1998, 379:1-5.
[264]Dillaha T A. Vegetative filter strips for agricultural point source pollution control[M].Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1989,32:5l3-5l9.
[265]Doyle R C, Stanton G C, Wolf D C. Effectiveness of forest and grass filters in improving the water quality of manure polluted runoff[M].St Joseph,Mich:ASAE,1977:77-250.
[266]Dun S M,Mackay R. Spatial variation in evapotranspiration and the influence of land use on catchment hydrology[J].Journal of Hydrology.1995,171:49-73.
[267]Eade J D O, Moran D. Spatial economic valuation: benefits transfer using geographical information systems[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 1996, 48: 97-110.
[268]Ehrlich P.R,Ehrlieh A H. Extinetion[M].New york: Ballantine,1981.
[269]Farber S C,Costanza R,Wilson M A. Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services[J] Ecological Economies,2002,41:375-392.
[270]Gobel M O,Bachmann J,Woche S K,et al.Effect of water potential and aggregate on soil contact angle and solid surface energy[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal,2004,68:383-393.
[271]Guo Z, Xiao Z, Gan Y, et al. Ecosystem functions, services and their values––a case study in Xingshan County of China[J]. Ecological Economics, 2001, 38: 141-154.
[272]Hagedorn F,Spinnler D,Bundt M, et al. The input and fate of new C in two forest soils under elevated CO2[J].Global Change Biology,2003(9):862-872.
[272]Heal G. Value ecosystem services[J].Ecological Economies,2000,30:24-30.
[273]Holdren J P, Ehrlich P R.Human population and the global environment[J].American Scientist, 1974,62:282-292.
[274]Houghton J T,Ding Y,Griggs D J,et al.Climate change 2001:the scientific basis.Intergovernmental panel on climate change[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:185-237.
[275]Howarth R B,Farber S.Accounting for the value of ecosystem serviees[J].Ecological Economies, 2002,41:421-429.
[276]Jekinson D S, Adams D E, Wild A. Model estimate of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming [J]. Nature,1991,351:34-306.
[277]Kang S,Zhang L,Song ,et al.Runoff and sediment loss responses to rainfall and land use in two agricultural catchments on the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological Processes.2001,15(6):977-988.
[278]Kohl R A, Schumacher T E. Infiltration with porous and no-porous simulated residue [J].Journal of Soil &Water Con-servation,1999,54(3):574-576.
[279]Konarska K M,Sutton P C,Castellon M.Evaluating scale dependence of ecosystems service valuation: a comparison of NOAA-AVHRR and Landsat TM datasets[J].Ecological Economies,2002,41: 491-507.
[280]Konyushkov, D.Y. Geochemical history of carbon on the plant: implications for soil carbon studies in soil processes and carbon (ed by R. Lai et al) CRC press,inc,1998,293-313.
[281]Lambin E F, Baulies X, Bockstael N, et al. Land-use and land-cover change, implementation strategy [R]. Stockholm:IGBP, 1999.
[282]Lee C H, C T Chang, S L Tsai.Development and implementation of producer responsibility recycling system [J].Resources Conservation and Recycling, 1998, (24): 121-135.
[283]Limburg K E,O’Neil R V,Costanza R,et al. Complex systems and valuation[J].Ecological Economics,2002,41:409-420.
[284]Lindstrom M J, Schumacher T E, Cogo N P, et al. Tillage effects on water runoff and soil erosion after sod[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1998, 53(1): 59-63.
[285]Liu L Y, Shi P J,Z X.Y.,et al.Short-term dynamics of wind erosion of three newly cultivated grassland soils in Northern China[J].Geod,2003,115:55-64.
[286]Loomis J,Kent P, Strange K,et al. Measuring the total economic value of restoring ecosystem services in an impaired river basin: results from a contingent valuation survey[J] .Ecological Economics, 2000,33: 103- 117.
[287]Mannering J V, Meyer L D. The effects of various rates of surface mulch on infiltration and erosion [J].Soil Sci Soc Am Proc,1963,27:84-86.
[288]Metzger M J, Rounsevell M D A,Acosta-MichliK et al. The Vulnerability of ecosystem serviees to land use change[J].Agriculture Ecosystems Environment,2006, 114:69-85.
[289]Miko U. F. Kirschbaum. Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming. Biogeochemistry,2000,48:21-51.
[290]Murty D,Kirschbaurm M U F,Mcmurtrie R E,et al.Does conversion of forest to agricultural land change soil carbon and nitrogen?A review of the literature[J].Global Change Biology, 2002,8(2): 105-123.
[291]Myers J L, Wagger M G. Runoff and sediment loss from three tillage systems under simulated rainfall [J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1996, 39: 15-129.
[292]NadianH, Smith S E, Alston AM, et al. Effects of soil compaction on plant growth, phosphorus uptake and morphological characteristics of vesicular-arbuscularm ycorrhizal colonization of Trifolium subterraneum[J]. New-Phytologist, 1997,135( 2):303-311.
[293]Niwat Ruangpnit.林冠郁被度对水土流失的影响[J].中国水土保持,1984,(7):56-58.
[294]Novotny V. Diffuse pollution from agriculture: a worldwide outlook[J].Water Science and Technology, 1999,39(3):1-13.
[295]NRC(National Research Council).Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environrment Decision Making. The National Academies Press. Washington,D.C,2004.
[296]Oldeman L R. The global land degradation//Greenland D J, Szabolcs I. Soil resilience and sustainable land use.Wallingford: CAB International, 1994,99-118.
[297]Osem Y, PerevolotykyA, Kigel J. Grazing effect on diversity of annual plant communities in a semi-arid rangeland: interactionswith small-scale spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity. Journal ofEcology, 2002, 90: 936-946.
[298]Pielou E C.An introduction to mathematical ecology[M].New York:Wiley-Intersience,1969,286.
[299]Rattan L.Physical management of soils of the tropics: priorities for the 21st century[J].Soil Science,2000,165:191-207.
[300]Romkens M J M. The soil erodibility factors:a perspective[M].Soil and Water Conservation, 1985:345-101.
[301]Sampson A W. Effect of chaparral on soil erosion and on soil moisture[J]. Ecology,1944,25:171-191.
[302]Schlesinger W H. Carbon storage in the calishe of arid soils:a case study from A rizona[J].Soil Science,1982,133:247-255.
[303]Schroter D,Cramer W,Leemans R,et al. Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe[J].Science,2005,310:1333-1337.
[304]Shimel D S. Terrestrial ecosystem and the carbon [J].Global Change Biology, 1995,1:77-91.
[305]Starr G C. Assessing temporal stability and spatial variability of soil water patterns with implications for precision water management [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 72: 223-243.
[306]Stein O R, Neibling W H, Logan T J, et al. Runoff and Soil Loss as Influenced by Tillage and Residue Cover[J]. Soil Science of American Journal, 1986, 50(6): 1527-1531.
[307]Stephen A W, Nickling W G. The protective role of sparse vegetation in wind erosion[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1993,17(1):50-68.
[308]The millennium ecosystem assessment (MA)[M].Washington DC: Island Press,2005.
[309]Todhunter PE,Cihacek LJ. Historical reduction of airborne dust in the Red River Valley of the North.J Soil Water Cons, 1999,3:543~550.
[310]Turner B L, Clark W C, Kates R W, et al. The earth as transformed by human action: Global and regional changes in the biosphere over past 300 years [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press ( with Clark University ) ,1990.
[312]Urso G D, Minacapilli M. A semi-empirical approach for surface soil water content estimation from radar data without a priori information on surface roughness [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006,321: 297-310.
[313]Vander Maarel E, Titlyanova A. Aboveground and belowground biomass relations in steppes under different grazing conditions [J]. Oikos,1989,56: 364-370.
[314]Wang H Q, Hall C A S, Cornell J D, et al. Spatial dependence and the relationship of soil organic carbon and soil moisture in the Luquillo Experimental Forest,Puerto Rico [J]. Landscape Ecology, 2002, 17: 671-684.
[315]Western A W, Zhou S L, Grayson R B, et al. Spatial correlation of soil moisture in small catchments and its relationship to dominant spatial hydrological processes [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 286: 113-134.
[316]Westman W. How much are nature’s services worth?[J].Science,1977,197:960-964.
[317]Willam H S, Athol D A, Anthoy J P, et al. Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habiats in southern NewMexico:Ⅰ.rainfall simulation experiments[J]. Biogeochemistry, 1999, 45: 21-34.
[318]Zhang Jianguo, Li Huixia, He Xiaorong,et al. Impoverisshment of soil nutrients in gully erosion areas in Yuanmou basin.Wuhan University Journal of Natural Science,2003,8(3B):1034-1040.
[2]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
[3]蔡崇法,丁树文.坡地土壤养分流失影响因子的试验研究[M]中国土壤学会,中国植物营养与肥料学会.迈向21世纪的土壤与植物营养科学:第六届全国青年植物营养与科学工作者学术讨论论文集.北京:中国农业出版社,1997,225-229.
[4]曹志洪,朱永官.苏南稻麦两熟制下土壤养分平衡与培肥的长期实验[J].土壤,1995,27(2):60-64.
[5]柴亚凡,王恩姮,陈祥伟,等.植被恢复模式对黑土贮水性能及水分入渗特征的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2008, 22(1):60-64.
[6]陈伴勤,孙成权.国际全球变化研究核心计划(二)[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.131-151.
[7]陈光升,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.华西雨屏区人工竹林凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报, 2008,22(1):159-162.
[8]陈灵芝,钱迎倩.生物多样性科学前沿[J].生态学报,1977,17(6):565-572.
[9]陈奇伯.林地枯枝落叶层水土保持作用探讨[J].甘肃水利水电技术,1995,70-72.
[10]陈三雄,谢莉,张金池,等.黄浦江源区主要植被类型土壤水土保持功能研究[J].中国水土保持,2007, 3: 33-35.
[11]陈渭南,董光荣,董治宝.中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的进展与趋势[J].地球科学进展,1994, 9(5): 6-11.
[12]陈渭南.蒙陕接壤地区土壤母质的风蚀实验研究[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(1):33-39.
[13]陈志良,程炯,刘平,等.暴雨径流对流域不同土地利用土壤氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008, 22(5): 30-33.
[14]陈卓梅,郑郁善,黄先华.秃杉混交林水源涵养功能的研究[J].福建林学院学报, 2002,22(3):266-269.
[15]陈祖松,邵明安.黄土坡地土壤水分运动与转化机理研究进展[J].水科学进展,2003,14(4):513-520.
[16]程冬兵,蔡崇法,左长清.土壤侵蚀退化研究.水土保持研究,2006,13(5):252-254,258.
[17]戴小国,庞奖励,郭美娟,等.关中东部不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质对比研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究, 2009,25(2):223-227.
[18]董光荣,李长治,金炯,等.关于土壤风蚀风洞试验的若干结果[J].科学通报,1987,32(2):297-301.
[19]董全民,赵新全,马玉寿,等.牦牛放牧率与小嵩草高寒草甸暖季草地地上、地下生物量相关分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(5):65-70.
[20]董治宝,陈广庭.内蒙古后山地区土壤风蚀问题初论[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1997,3(2):85-90.
[21]董治宝,董光荣,陈广庭.风沙物理学研究进展与展望[J].大自然探索, 1995,14(3):30-38.
[22]杜峰,程积民.植被与水土流失[J].四川草原,1999,2:6-11.
[23]方精云.北半球中高纬度的森林碳库可能远小于目前的估算[J].植物生态学报, 2000, 24(5): 635-638.
[24]傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响——以延安市羊圈沟流域为例[J].地理学报,1999,54(3):241-246.
[25]傅伯杰,陈利顶,邱扬,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用结构与生态过程.北京:商务出版社.2002.1-12.
[26]傅涛,倪九派,魏朝富,等.坡耕地土壤侵蚀研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):123-128.
[27]高国雄,李文忠,周心澄,等.青海大通县退耕还林不同配置模式生态服务功能的评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):129-134.
[28]高立洪.水土流失是中国头号环境问题[N].中国水利报,2001,7-17.
[29]高英志,韩兴国,汪诗平.放牧对草原土壤的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):790-797.
[30]葛全胜,赵名茶,郑景云.20世纪中国土地利用变化研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(6):698-706.
[31]巩杰,陈利顶,傅伯杰,等.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用和植被恢复对土壤质量的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2004,15(12):2292-2296.
[32]郭朝霞,邓玉林,王玉宽,等.森林生态系统生态服务功能研究进展[J].西北林学院学报, 2007, 22(1): 173-177.
[33]郭立群,王庆华,周洪昌等.滇中高原区主要森林类型森林植物的降雨截留功能[J].云南林业部科技, 1999, (1): 22-25.
[34]哈斯.坝上高原土壤不可蚀性颗粒与耕作方式对风蚀的影响[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(4):92-96.
[35]韩永伟,韩建国,张蕴薇等.农牧交错带草地植被的水土保持作用研究[J].水土保持学报, 2004, 18(4): 24-28.
[36]郝建忠.黄丘一区水土保持单项措施及综合治理减水减沙效益研究[J].中国水土保持,1993, (3): 26-31.
[37]郝占庆,王力华.辽东山区主要森林类型林地土壤涵蓄水性能的研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(3): 237-241.
[38]何文清,高旺盛,妥德宝,等.北方农牧交错带土壤风蚀沙化影响因子的风洞实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):1-8.
[39]何文清,赵彩霞,高旺盛,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤风蚀主要影响因子研究——以内蒙古武川县为例[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2092-2096.
[40]和继军,蔡强国,唐泽军.PAM控制土壤风蚀的风洞研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):12-15.
[41]贺大良,邹本功,李长治,等.地表风蚀物理过程风洞实验的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1986,16(1):24-31.
[42]侯喜禄,梁一民,曹清玉.黄土丘陵区主要水保林类型及草地水保效益的研究[J].中国科学院,水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊,1991,(14):96-103.
[43]侯喜禄,曹清玉.陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区植被减水减沙效益研究[J].水土保持通报,1990,10(2):33-40.
[44]胡建民,胡欣等.红壤坡地坡改梯水土保持效应分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):271-73.
[45]胡孟春,王周龙.土壤风蚀的自然-社会复合系统动态过程模拟研究[J].科学通报, 1994,29(12): 1118-1121.
[46]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[47]黄福祥,牛海山,王明星,等.毛乌素沙地植被覆盖率与风蚀输沙率定量关系[J].地理学报, 2001,56(6): 700-710.
[48]黄富祥,王明星,王跃思.植被覆盖对风蚀地表保护作用研究的某些新进展[J].植物生态学报, 2002, 26(5): 627-633.
[49]黄建辉,韩兴国,陈灵芝.森林生态系统根系生物量研究进展[J].生态学报,1999,19(2): 270-277.
[50]黄进,张金池,陶宝先.江宁小流域主要森林类型水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1): 182-186.
[51]黄进勇,严力蛟,王兆骞.红壤小流域不同土地利用方式下的水土流失特征[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,28(1):78-82.
[52]黄忠良,孔国辉,余清发等.南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林水文功能及其养分动态的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(2):157-161.
[53]贾树海,王春枝,孙振涛,等.放牧强度和时期对内蒙古草原土壤压实效应的研究[J].草地学报,1999, 7(3): 217-221.
[54]贾树龙,孟春香,张执新.保护性耕作在河北省的区域适应性.华北农学报, 2003,18 (院庆专辑): 139-141.
[55]姜海燕,蒋春英,徐东艳等.辽宁东部山区森林涵养水源的生态服务功能价值估算[J].辽宁林业科技,2005, 3:6-9.
[56]姜志林.森林生态学(五):森林生态系统蓄水保土的功能(1)[J].生态学杂志,1984(6):58-63.
[57]蒋秋怡.林木地上部分的持水性能及其对林地水文学性质的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,1989,6(2): 176-181.
[58]蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估团[J].植物生态学报.2004,14(2):340-347.
[59]焦菊英,王万忠.人工草地在黄土高原水土保持中的减水减沙效益与有效盖度[J].草地学报,2001, 9(3): 176-182.
[60]焦燕,赵江红,徐柱.内蒙古农牧交错带土地利用对土壤性质的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(2): 234-238.
[61]李登航,王立,黄高宝,等.[J]保护性耕作对黄土高原坡耕地水土流失的影响.安徽农业科学,2009, 37(13): 6087-6088.
[62]李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报, 2009,40(2):310-313.
[63]李金昌.生态价值论[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1999.
[64]李静锐,饶良懿,余新晓.黄土高原水保耕作措施的生态服务功能价值[J].水土保持应用技术,2007,3: 12-14.
[65]李凌浩,陈佐忠.草地生态系统碳循环及其对全球变化的响应Ⅰ.碳循环的分室模型、碳出入于贮量[J],植物学通报,1998,(15):14-22.
[66]李鹏,李占斌,张兴昌.草灌植被拦蓄径流和泥沙有效性研究[J].水土保持学报, 2002, 16(1): 32-34.
[67]李生,任华东,姚小华,等.典型石漠化地区不同植被类型地表水土流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报, 2009, 23(2): 1-6.
[68]李文楷,李天宏,钱征寒,等.深圳市土地利用变化对生态服务功能的影响[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):440-445.
[69]李学梅,李忠峰.土地利用/覆被变化研究进展及其意义[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(6):2462-2464.
[70]李阳兵,谢德体.不同土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4): 123-125.
[71]李有斌,王刚.民勤荒漠绿洲植被的生态服务功能价值化研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 42(1):43-49.
[72]李育中,程延年.抑蒸集水抗旱技术[M].气象出版社,1999.96-102.
[73]李毓堂.1994.草业—富国强民的新兴产业[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,57-58、78.
[74]李智广,曹炜,刘秉正,等.我国水土流失状况与发展趋势研究.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):57-62.
[75]刘宝元,唐克丽,查轩,等.坡耕地不同地面覆盖的水土流失试验研究[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(1): 25-30.
[76]刘成武,黄利民.土地利用/土地覆盖变化的研究方法[J].地域研究与开发, 2004, 23 (4):11-14.
[77]刘道平,陈三雄,张金池,等.浙江安吉主要林地类型土壤渗透性[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3): 493-498.
[78]刘和林,杨改河,张生军.北方农牧交错区农业水事活动对生态环境的影响[J].人民黄河,2006,28(5): 32-34.
[79]刘梦云,安韶山,常庆瑞,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤化学性质特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):39-42.
[80]刘目兴,王静爱,严平,等.垄作对旱作农田土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(3): 54-57.
[81]刘培娟,隋栋梁,孙金芬.不同灌木林地土壤蓄水性能及渗透性能的研究[J].水利科技,2007,12: 17-19
[82]刘素军,孙铁军,张胜,等.玉米与草地雀麦种植对坡地水土流失的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(1): 181-185.
[83]刘晚苟,山仑,邓西平.植物对土壤紧实度的反应[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(3):254-260.
[84]刘霞,张光灿,李雪蕾,等.小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征[J].水土保持学报, 2004,22(2):111-115.
[85]刘贤万.实验风沙物理与风沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[86]刘向东,吴钦孝,赵鸿雁.黄土高原油松人工林枯枝落叶层水文生态功能研究[J].水土保持学报, 1991, 5(4): 87-92.
[87]刘小兰,刘军.黄土高原水肥资源的高效利用[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2002.
[88]刘玉龙,马俊杰,金学林,等.生态系统服务功能价值评估方法综述[J].中国人口资源与环境,2005, 15(1): 88-92.
[89]刘玉璋,董光荣,李长治.影响土壤风蚀主要因素的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(4):41-49.
[90]刘震.从我国水土流失现状看水土保持生态建设战略布局.中国水土保持,2002,(6):2-4.
[91]刘震.从我国水土流失现状看水土保持生态建设战略布局及主要任务.理论探讨,2002,7:31-33.
[92]柳长顺.土地利用变化研究方法的探讨——以西吉县80年代土地利用变化为例[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):60-66.
[93]柳小妮,孙九林,张德罡,等.东祁连山不同退化阶段高寒草甸群落结构与植物多样性特征研究[J].草业科学: 2008, 17(4):1-11
[94]柳媛普,吕世华,李锁锁.黄河源区草地农牧化对秋后环境影响的数值模拟[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4): 733-740.
[95]龙瑞军.青藏高原草地生态系统之服务功能[J].Science & Technology Review,2007,25(9):26-28.
[96]吕世海,卢欣石.呼伦贝尔草地风蚀沙化植被生物多样性研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(4):6-10.
[97]吕世海.呼伦贝尔沙化草地系统退化特征及围封效应研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[98]马安青,王彦丽,王一谋,安兴琴.基于RS、GIS两大沙漠边缘带土地利用/覆盖对近十余年来气候变化的响应研究.干旱区地理.2005,28(4):560-564.
[99]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,1995,15(3): 268-277.
[100]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法/钱迎倩,马克平,生物多样性研究的原理与方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,141-165.
[101]马雪华.森林生态系统定位研究方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,143-172.
[102]闵庆文,刘寿东,杨霞.内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能价值评估研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(3): 165-169.
[103]慕青松,陈晓辉.临界侵蚀风速与植被盖度之间的关系[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):534-538.
[104]欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估[J].应用生态学报,1999, 10(5): 607-613.
[105]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报, 1999, 18(5):607-613.
[106]欧阳志云,等.生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(5): 45-50.
[107]欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(5): 635-640.
[108]潘根兴,曹建华等.土壤碳及其在地球表层系统碳环中的意义[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(4):325-335.
[109]潘根兴,李恋卿等.土壤有机碳库与全球变化研究的若干前沿问题——兼开展中国水稻土有机碳库固定研究的建议[J].南京农业大学学报,2005,3:100-109.
[110]齐清,李传荣,许景伟,等.沙质海岸不同植被类型土壤水源涵养功能的研究[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(6): 102-105.
[111]邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2009, 29(1): 84-89.
[112]邱莉萍,张兴昌.子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].自然资源学报, 2006, 21(6): 965-971.
[113]戎玉萍,韩建国,王培,等.放牧强度对草地土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国草地,2001,23(4):41-47.
[114]石益丹,李玉浸,杨殿林,等.呼伦贝尔草地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2099-2103.
[115]史培军,陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化机制分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(2):151-160.
[116]史培军,李晓兵,陈晋,等.土地利用/覆盖变化与生态安全响应机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[117]史培军,王静爱,冯文利,等.中国土地利用覆盖变化的生态环境安全响应与调控[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(2):111-119.
[118]苏大学.天然草原在防治黄河上中游流域水土流失与土地荒漠化中的作用与地位[J].草地学报,2000,8(2):77-81.
[119]苏大学.草地生态建设——防止水土流失及洪水灾害的重要举措[J].中国科学院院刊,1999,(2): 124-126.
[120]苏宁虎.森林枯落物的水文作用研究综述[J].陕西林业科技.1984,4.
[121]孙刚,盛连喜,周道玮.生态系统服务及其保护策略[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):265-368.
[122]孙海群.青海禾本科植物的生物多样性分析[J].草业科学,2002,19(2):7-12.
[123]孙铁军,刘素军,肖春利,等.草地雀麦刈割对坡地水土流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4): 34-37
[124]孙维侠,史学正,于东升.土壤有机碳的剖面分布特征及其密度的估算方法研究———以我国东北地区为例[J].土壤,2003,35(3):236.
[125]孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报, 2006, 20 (2):106-109.
[126]唐克丽.土壤侵蚀环境演变与全球变化及防灾减灾的机制[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(2):81-86.
[127]陶贞,沈承德,高全洲,等.高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分布特征[J].地理学报,2006,61(7): 720-727.
[128]田卫堂,胡维银,李军,等.我国水土流失现状和防治对策分析[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(4):204-209.
[129]涂利华,谢财永,胡庭兴,等.华西雨屏区几种牧草的水土保持能力研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5): 35-38.
[130]王发刚,王文颖,陈志,等.土地利用变化对高寒草甸植物群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(3):58-63.
[131]王红,宫鹏,刘高焕.黄河三角洲土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究现状与展望[J].自然资源学报, 2004,19(1):110-118.
[132]王华.亚热带区域几种典型人工林生态系统服务功能研究[D].湖南农业大学,2007,92-98.
[133]王景燕,龚伟,胡庭兴,等.川南天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后的土壤水源涵养功能[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(5):569-574.
[134]王俊明,张兴昌,退耕草地演替过程中的碳储量变化[J].草业学报,2009,18(2):1-8.
[135]王礼先.水土保持学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[136]王凭青,段传人,王伯初.杂交狼尾草水土保持能力的实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1): 114-116.
[137]王勤,张宗应,徐小牛.安徽大别山库区不同林分类型的土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):59-62.
[138]王清奎,汪思龙,高洪,等.土地利用方式对土壤有机质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):360-363.
[139]王清奎,汪思龙.土壤团聚体形成与稳定机制及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):415-421.
[140]王瑞东,靳甜甜,等.呼伦贝尔草原不同草地利用方式下生物多样性与生物量的关系[J].生态学报,2008, 28(11):5392-5400.
[141]王涛,吴薇.我国北方的土地利用与沙漠化[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(4):355-358.
[142]王万忠,焦菊英.中国土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,19%,16(5):1-20.
[143]王晓燕,田均良.用137Cs法研究黄土区耕垦历史不同的坡面土壤侵蚀强度分异[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(1):1-4.
[144]王雪华.森林水文学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993:213-253.
[145]王燕,王兵,赵广东,等.江西大岗山3种林型土壤水分物理性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1): 151-153.
[146]王育红,蔡典雄,姚宇卿,等.保护性耕作对豫西黄土坡耕地降水产流、土壤水分入渗及分配的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):29-37
[147]王宗明,国志兴,宋开山,等.2000～2005年三江平原土地利用/覆被变化对植被净初级生产力的影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(1):136-145.
[148]王宗明,张柏,张树清.吉林省生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1):55-61.
[149]巍强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):111-114.
[150]魏强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同植被下的地表径流和土壤侵蚀[J].北京林业大学学报,2008, 30(5): 111-117.
[151]文倩,关欣.土壤团聚体形成的研究进展.干旱区研究,2004,21(4):434-438.
[152]文亦芾,毕玉芬,董亚芳.金沙江流域退耕还草地水土保持效益分析研究[J].土壤,2006,38(4): 489-493.
[153]吴承祯,洪伟.不同经营模式土壤团粒结构的分形特征研究[J].土壤学报,1995,36(2):162-167.
[154]吴会军.豫西黄土坡耕地保护耕作对水土保持作用的研究[D].中国农业科学院,2001.
[155]吴静.甘肃省天祝县土地利用/土地变化(LUCC)研究[D].甘肃农业大学,2007.
[156]吴钦孝,韩冰,李秧秧.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤水分入渗特征研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(6): 1-5.
[157]吴钦孝,杨文治.黄土高原植被建设与持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[158]吴永红,李悼,冉大川,等.水土保持坡面措施减水减沙效益计算方法探讨[J].水土保持通报,1998, 18(1): 43-47.
[159]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:4-12.
[160]希斯等编著.黄文惠等译.牧草—草原农业科学(第四版)[M].北京:农业出版社,1981,18-36.
[161]夏江宝,曲志远,朱玮,等.鲁中山区不同人工林土壤水分特征[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):45-50.
[162]肖春娥,宁立波.甘肃省水土流失的原因分析及治理对策研究[J].安全与环境工程,2002,9(2):9-12.
[163]肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探———以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例[J].应用生态学报, 2000,11(4):481-484.
[164]谢高地,张钇钽,鲁春霞,郑度,成升魁.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报.2001(1). 47-53.
[165]熊顺贵.基础土壤学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996.126-130.
[166]熊运阜,王宏兴,白志刚,等.梯田、林地、草地减水减沙效益指标初探[J].中国水土保持,1996,(8): 10-13.
[167]徐清艳,周跃.大红山铁矿林草植被水土保持效益的研究[J].福建林业科技,2007,34(3):73-76.
[168]徐中民,张志强,龙爱华等.额济纳旗生态系统系统恢复价值评估方法得比较与应用[J].生态学报.2003,23(9):1842-1850.
[169]许景伟,李传荣,夏江宝,等.黄河三角洲滩地不同林分类型的土壤水文特性[J].水土保持学报,2009, 23, (1): 173-176.
[170]许鹏主编.草地调查规划学[M].中国农业出版社,北京:1994.
[171]许岳飞,毕玉芬,金晶炜.灌草复合型草地水土保持功能与经济效益分析[J].水土保持学报,2007, 21(6):56-74.
[172]许志信,李永强.草地退化对水土流失的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(1):65-68.
[173]许志信,张晓明,白飞,等.草甸草原植被利用强度对水土流失影响的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2001, 22(1):68-73.
[174]薛达元,包浩生,李文华.长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估[J].中国环境科学. 1999(3): 247-252.
[175]杨大三等.鄂西三峡库区防护林研究[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1996.
[176]杨刚,杨智明,王思成,等.盐池四墩子试区草原围栏封育效果调研[J].宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(1): 22-24.
[177]杨红善,那·巴特尔,周学辉,等.不同放牧强度对肃北高寒草原土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):150-152.
[178]杨洪军,金母务哈,赵庭辉,等.高海拔岩溶石山区草地植被水土流失测定[J].四川草原,2005,(10): 1-3.
[179]杨建英,赵延宁.坡面侵蚀研究现状及展望[J].北京林业大学学报,1994,16(1):95-101.
[180]杨金玲,张甘霖,张华,等.丘陵地区流域土地利用对氮素径流输出的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(1): 16-23.
[181]杨鹏.防治土壤退化.国土与自然资源研究,2002,(4):32-33.
[182]杨瑞珍.我国坡耕地资源及其利用模式[J].自然资源,1994(1):1-7.
[183]杨玉海,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.准格尔盆地西北缘新垦绿洲土地利用对土壤养分变化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(1):94-100.
[184]杨元合,饶胜,胡会峰,等.青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量的关系[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):200-205.
[185]杨跃军,刘羿.生态系统服务功能研究综述[J].中南林业调查研究,2008,27(4):58-62.
[186]杨子生,李云辉,邹忠,等.中国西部大开发云南省土地资源开发利用规划研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.2003.
[187]杨子生,刘彦随,卢艳霞.山区水土流失防治与土地资源持续利用关系探讨[J].资源科学,2005,27(6): 146-150.
[188]殷振华,毕玉芬,李世玉.封育对云南退化山地草甸植物种类及盖度的影响[J].草业科学,2008, 25(12): 18-22.
[189]于应文,胡子治等.东祁连山高寒灌丛植被类型与分布特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1999,34(1): 12-17.
[190]余新晓,秦永胜,陈丽华,等.北京山地森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究[J].生态学报, 2002,22(5): 783-786.
[191]余新晓,张晓明,武思宏,等.黄土区林草植被与降水对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响[J].山地学报, 2006, 24(1):19-26.
[192]袁春明,郎南军,孟广涛,等.长江上游云南松水土保持林地破面径流与侵蚀规律的研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(6):74-76.
[193]袁伟玲,曹凑贵.农田生态系统服务功能及可持续发展对策初探[J].湖南农业科学,2007,(1):1-3.
[194]曾伯庆,马文中,李俊文,等.人工草地植被对产流产沙影响的研究[J].晋西黄土高原土城侵蚀规律实验研究文集,北京:水利电力出版社,1990,80-86.
[195]张春来,邹学勇,董光荣,等.植被对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3): 31-33.
[196]张国红,张振贤,黄延楠,等.土壤紧实程度对其某些相关理化性状和土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(6):1094-1097.
[197]张国清,丁桑岚,陈青玉.眉山市不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀分析[J].中国水土保持,2008,10:41-43.
[198]张金波,宋长春.三江平原不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3): 371-373.
[199]张金池,胡海波.水土保持及防护林学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996.
[200]张金霞,曹广民,周党卫,等.高寒矮嵩草草甸大气-土壤-植被-动物系统碳素储量及碳素循环[J].生态学报,2003, 23(4):627-634.
[201]张雷燕,刘常富,王彦辉,等.宁夏六盘山地区不同森林类型土壤的蓄水和渗透能力比较[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):95-98.
[202]张丽娟,毕淑芹,袁丽金,等.不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀与养分流失的模拟试验[J].林业科学,43(1):17-21.
[203]张娜,梁一民.黄十氏陵区天然草地地下/地上生物量的侧的研究[J].草业学报,2002,11(2):72-79.
[204]张琪,方海兰,史志华,等.侵蚀条件下土壤性质对团聚体稳定性影响的研究进展[J].林业科学,2007,43(1):77-81.
[205]张清春,刘宝元,翟刚.植被与水土流失研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):96-101.
[206]张少良,张兴义,刘晓冰,等.典型黑土侵蚀区不同耕作措施的水土保持功效研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):11-15.
[207]张天华.西藏拉萨拉鲁湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算[J]生态学报,2005,25(12):3177-3180.
[208]张燕,崔学民,樊明寿.大气氮沉降及其对草地生物多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(7):12-17.
[209]张志强,徐中民.黑河流域张掖市生态系统服务恢复价值评估研究-以连续型和离散型条件价值评估方法的比较应用[J].自然资源学报,2004.19(2):230-239.
[210]赵鸿雁,吴钦孝,陈云明.黄土高原不同处理人工油松林地水土流失研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(6):171-173.
[211]赵护兵,刘国彬,曹清玉.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用方式水土流失及养分保蓄效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):20-24.
[212]赵立军,陈焕伟,白晓飞.基于GIS技术的伊金霍洛旗土壤保持生态服务功能价值评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,7:20-22.
[213]赵萌莉,韩冰,红梅,等.内蒙古草地生态系统服务功能与生态补偿[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(2): 10-13.
[214]赵明坤,陈瑞祥.苇状羊茅和鸭茅的水土保持效果[J].贵州农业科学, 2006, 34(4):92-94.
[215]赵其国,孙波,张桃林.土壤质量与持续环境Ⅰ.土壤质量的定义及评价方法[J].土壤,1997,29(3): 113-120.
[216]赵松龄.集水农业引论[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996.3.
[217]赵同谦,欧阳志云,贾良清,等.中国草地生态系统服务功能间接价值评价[J].生态学报,2004,24(6): 1101-1109.
[218]赵同谦,欧阳志云等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4): 480-491.
[219]赵文智,程国栋.人类土地利用的主要生态后果极其缓解对策[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(4):369-374.
[220]赵勇刚,赵世伟,华娟,等.半干旱典型草原区风雨草地土壤结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(1): 106-112.
[221]赵有恩.黄河中游水保减沙效益分析方法的改进与应用[J].土城侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(3): 29-34.
[222]赵忠,王安禄,马海生,等.青藏高原东缘草地生态系统动态定位监测与可持续发展要素研究[J].草业科学,2002,19(6):9-13.
[223]郑粉莉,王占礼,杨勤科.我国土壤侵蚀科学研究回顾和展望.自然杂志,2008,30(1):12-16.
[224]郑华,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.人类活动对生态系统服务功能的影响[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(1): 118-126.
[225]郑淑华,郭慧清,赵萌莉,等.草甸草原草地基况与生物多样性关系的研究[J].中国草地学报,2007, 29(4): 9-14.
[226]郑淑华.不同放牧强度下养草草原生态系统服务功能价值评估[D].内蒙古农业大学,2006:18.
[227]郑郁善,杨伦增.杉木毛竹混交林水文效应的研究[J].福建林学院学报,1995,15(4):325-330.
[228]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定[M].北京:科学出版社,1978, 147-148.
[229]周和平,尹建军,肖送成.土地利用/覆盖对洞庭湖流域水土流失的影响[J].水资源与水工程学报, 2008,19(6):45-48.
[230]周晓峰,蒋敏元.黑龙江省森林效益的计量、评价及补偿[J].林业科学,2003,35(3):97-102.
[231]周晓峰.中国森林与生态环境.北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[232]周尧治,王旭,杨桂霞,等.不同利用方式对草甸草原抗风蚀能力的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(5): 1394-1399.
[233]周择福.北京九龙山低山区不同立地土壤水分生态及综合评价的研究[J].北京水利,1996(4):28-33.
[234]朱高洪,毛锋.我国水土流失影响辨识与直接经济损失评估.中国水土保持,2007(8):4-7.
[235]朱晓艳,张英俊,历卫宏,等.滇东北山区不同类型植被对水土流失的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(3): 310-314.
[236]字淑慧,吴伯志,段青松.不同草带对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5):39-42.
[237]Aguilar R, Kelly E F,Heil R D. Effect of cultivation on soils in Northern Great Plains Rangeland [J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1988,52:1081-1085.
[238]Anderson H W, Trobitz H K. Influence of some watershed variables on a major flood[ J ]. Forestry, 1949, 47 (5) : 347-356.
[239]Arvidsson J. Nutrientuptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction[J]. Plant and Soil,1999, 208(1): 9-19.
[240]Batjes N H.The total C and N in soils of the world[J].European Journal Soil Science,1996,47(2): 151-163.
[241]Bjorklund J,Limburg K E,Rydberg T. Impact of production intensity on the ability of the agricultural landseape to generate eeosystem services: an example from Sweden[J].Ecological Economies, 1999,29:269-291.
[242]Bolund P, Hunhammar S. Ecosystem services in urban areas[J].Ecological Economics, 1999,29: 293-301.
[243]Bosch J M,Hewlett JD.A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration.J Hydrol,1982,55,3-23.
[244]Bradford J M, Huang C H.I nterrill soil erosion as affected by tillage and residue cover [J]. Soil & Tillage Research,1994,31:353-361.
[245]Braskerud B.C. The influence of vegetation on sedimentation and resusPension of soil Particles in small construeted wetlands. Journal of Environmental Quality.2001,30(4):1447-1457.
[246]Bressolier C, Thomas Yves-F. Studies on wind and plant interactions on French Atlantic coastal dunes[J].Journal of sedimentary petrology, 1979, 47(1):331-338.
[247]Carpenteret S R, Caraco NF, Corrrell DL,et al. Nonpoint pollution of surface waterwith phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications, 8: 559-568.
[248]Carroll C, Merton L, Burger P. Impact of vegetation cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queenlands coal mines[J]. Aust. J. Soil Res., 2000, 38: 313-327.
[249]Carter M R.Soil quality for sustainable land management: organic matter and aggregation interactions and maintain soil functions Agron [J].2002,94:38-47.
[250]CCICCD.China Country Paper to Combat Desertification.Beijing:China Forestry Press,1997.
[251]Cerda A. Parent material and vegetation affect soil erosion in eastern spain[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1999,63:362-368.
[252]Chaubey I. Effectiveness of VFS in controlling losses of sur-face applied poultry litters constituents [M]. Tran of theASAE,1985,38(6):1687-1692.
[253]Chepil W S,Englehorn C L,Zingg A W.The effect of cultivation on erodibility of soils by wind[J].Soil Sci Soc Am Proc,1952,16:19-21.
[254]Chopra K. The value of non-timber forest products: an estimation for tropical deciduous forests in India[J]. Economic Botany, 1993, 47:251-257.
[255]Chris S R,Jon H.Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional seales-therole of geomorphologists in land management researeh and imPlementation[J].Geomorphology. 2002,47: 189-209.
[256]Costanza R, D Arge R, DE Groot R, et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 1997, 387:253-260.
[257]Costanza R,Stem D,Fisher B,et al. Influential publications in ecological economics: a citation analysis [J]. Eeological Economics,2004,50:261-292.
[258]D.R.Huggins et al,Soil. Sci.Soc.Am.J.1998,62:195-203 .
[259]D.S.Jenkinson,et al,J.soil Science. 1977,123:424-434.
[260]Daily G. Nature’s Service:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems Washington DC:Island Press, 1997.
[261]De Groot R S,Wilson M A,Bouman S R M J. A typology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services[J].Ecological Economies,2002,41:393-408.
[262]Diaz S, CabidoM.Vive la difference: Plant functional diversitymatters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology andEvolution, 2001,16: 646-655.
[263]Dieterich M. Dynamics of a biotic parameters, solute removal and sediment retention in summer2dry headwater streams ofwestern Oregon[ J ].Hydrobiology, 1998, 379:1-5.
[264]Dillaha T A. Vegetative filter strips for agricultural point source pollution control[M].Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1989,32:5l3-5l9.
[265]Doyle R C, Stanton G C, Wolf D C. Effectiveness of forest and grass filters in improving the water quality of manure polluted runoff[M].St Joseph,Mich:ASAE,1977:77-250.
[266]Dun S M,Mackay R. Spatial variation in evapotranspiration and the influence of land use on catchment hydrology[J].Journal of Hydrology.1995,171:49-73.
[267]Eade J D O, Moran D. Spatial economic valuation: benefits transfer using geographical information systems[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 1996, 48: 97-110.
[268]Ehrlich P.R,Ehrlieh A H. Extinetion[M].New york: Ballantine,1981.
[269]Farber S C,Costanza R,Wilson M A. Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services[J] Ecological Economies,2002,41:375-392.
[270]Gobel M O,Bachmann J,Woche S K,et al.Effect of water potential and aggregate on soil contact angle and solid surface energy[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal,2004,68:383-393.
[271]Guo Z, Xiao Z, Gan Y, et al. Ecosystem functions, services and their values––a case study in Xingshan County of China[J]. Ecological Economics, 2001, 38: 141-154.
[272]Hagedorn F,Spinnler D,Bundt M, et al. The input and fate of new C in two forest soils under elevated CO2[J].Global Change Biology,2003(9):862-872.
[272]Heal G. Value ecosystem services[J].Ecological Economies,2000,30:24-30.
[273]Holdren J P, Ehrlich P R.Human population and the global environment[J].American Scientist, 1974,62:282-292.
[274]Houghton J T,Ding Y,Griggs D J,et al.Climate change 2001:the scientific basis.Intergovernmental panel on climate change[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:185-237.
[275]Howarth R B,Farber S.Accounting for the value of ecosystem serviees[J].Ecological Economies, 2002,41:421-429.
[276]Jekinson D S, Adams D E, Wild A. Model estimate of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming [J]. Nature,1991,351:34-306.
[277]Kang S,Zhang L,Song ,et al.Runoff and sediment loss responses to rainfall and land use in two agricultural catchments on the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological Processes.2001,15(6):977-988.
[278]Kohl R A, Schumacher T E. Infiltration with porous and no-porous simulated residue [J].Journal of Soil &Water Con-servation,1999,54(3):574-576.
[279]Konarska K M,Sutton P C,Castellon M.Evaluating scale dependence of ecosystems service valuation: a comparison of NOAA-AVHRR and Landsat TM datasets[J].Ecological Economies,2002,41: 491-507.
[280]Konyushkov, D.Y. Geochemical history of carbon on the plant: implications for soil carbon studies in soil processes and carbon (ed by R. Lai et al) CRC press,inc,1998,293-313.
[281]Lambin E F, Baulies X, Bockstael N, et al. Land-use and land-cover change, implementation strategy [R]. Stockholm:IGBP, 1999.
[282]Lee C H, C T Chang, S L Tsai.Development and implementation of producer responsibility recycling system [J].Resources Conservation and Recycling, 1998, (24): 121-135.
[283]Limburg K E,O’Neil R V,Costanza R,et al. Complex systems and valuation[J].Ecological Economics,2002,41:409-420.
[284]Lindstrom M J, Schumacher T E, Cogo N P, et al. Tillage effects on water runoff and soil erosion after sod[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1998, 53(1): 59-63.
[285]Liu L Y, Shi P J,Z X.Y.,et al.Short-term dynamics of wind erosion of three newly cultivated grassland soils in Northern China[J].Geod,2003,115:55-64.
[286]Loomis J,Kent P, Strange K,et al. Measuring the total economic value of restoring ecosystem services in an impaired river basin: results from a contingent valuation survey[J] .Ecological Economics, 2000,33: 103- 117.
[287]Mannering J V, Meyer L D. The effects of various rates of surface mulch on infiltration and erosion [J].Soil Sci Soc Am Proc,1963,27:84-86.
[288]Metzger M J, Rounsevell M D A,Acosta-MichliK et al. The Vulnerability of ecosystem serviees to land use change[J].Agriculture Ecosystems Environment,2006, 114:69-85.
[289]Miko U. F. Kirschbaum. Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming. Biogeochemistry,2000,48:21-51.
[290]Murty D,Kirschbaurm M U F,Mcmurtrie R E,et al.Does conversion of forest to agricultural land change soil carbon and nitrogen?A review of the literature[J].Global Change Biology, 2002,8(2): 105-123.
[291]Myers J L, Wagger M G. Runoff and sediment loss from three tillage systems under simulated rainfall [J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1996, 39: 15-129.
[292]NadianH, Smith S E, Alston AM, et al. Effects of soil compaction on plant growth, phosphorus uptake and morphological characteristics of vesicular-arbuscularm ycorrhizal colonization of Trifolium subterraneum[J]. New-Phytologist, 1997,135( 2):303-311.
[293]Niwat Ruangpnit.林冠郁被度对水土流失的影响[J].中国水土保持,1984,(7):56-58.
[294]Novotny V. Diffuse pollution from agriculture: a worldwide outlook[J].Water Science and Technology, 1999,39(3):1-13.
[295]NRC(National Research Council).Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environrment Decision Making. The National Academies Press. Washington,D.C,2004.
[296]Oldeman L R. The global land degradation//Greenland D J, Szabolcs I. Soil resilience and sustainable land use.Wallingford: CAB International, 1994,99-118.
[297]Osem Y, PerevolotykyA, Kigel J. Grazing effect on diversity of annual plant communities in a semi-arid rangeland: interactionswith small-scale spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity. Journal ofEcology, 2002, 90: 936-946.
[298]Pielou E C.An introduction to mathematical ecology[M].New York:Wiley-Intersience,1969,286.
[299]Rattan L.Physical management of soils of the tropics: priorities for the 21st century[J].Soil Science,2000,165:191-207.
[300]Romkens M J M. The soil erodibility factors:a perspective[M].Soil and Water Conservation, 1985:345-101.
[301]Sampson A W. Effect of chaparral on soil erosion and on soil moisture[J]. Ecology,1944,25:171-191.
[302]Schlesinger W H. Carbon storage in the calishe of arid soils:a case study from A rizona[J].Soil Science,1982,133:247-255.
[303]Schroter D,Cramer W,Leemans R,et al. Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe[J].Science,2005,310:1333-1337.
[304]Shimel D S. Terrestrial ecosystem and the carbon [J].Global Change Biology, 1995,1:77-91.
[305]Starr G C. Assessing temporal stability and spatial variability of soil water patterns with implications for precision water management [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 72: 223-243.
[306]Stein O R, Neibling W H, Logan T J, et al. Runoff and Soil Loss as Influenced by Tillage and Residue Cover[J]. Soil Science of American Journal, 1986, 50(6): 1527-1531.
[307]Stephen A W, Nickling W G. The protective role of sparse vegetation in wind erosion[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1993,17(1):50-68.
[308]The millennium ecosystem assessment (MA)[M].Washington DC: Island Press,2005.
[309]Todhunter PE,Cihacek LJ. Historical reduction of airborne dust in the Red River Valley of the North.J Soil Water Cons, 1999,3:543~550.
[310]Turner B L, Clark W C, Kates R W, et al. The earth as transformed by human action: Global and regional changes in the biosphere over past 300 years [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press ( with Clark University ) ,1990.
[312]Urso G D, Minacapilli M. A semi-empirical approach for surface soil water content estimation from radar data without a priori information on surface roughness [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006,321: 297-310.
[313]Vander Maarel E, Titlyanova A. Aboveground and belowground biomass relations in steppes under different grazing conditions [J]. Oikos,1989,56: 364-370.
[314]Wang H Q, Hall C A S, Cornell J D, et al. Spatial dependence and the relationship of soil organic carbon and soil moisture in the Luquillo Experimental Forest,Puerto Rico [J]. Landscape Ecology, 2002, 17: 671-684.
[315]Western A W, Zhou S L, Grayson R B, et al. Spatial correlation of soil moisture in small catchments and its relationship to dominant spatial hydrological processes [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 286: 113-134.
[316]Westman W. How much are nature’s services worth?[J].Science,1977,197:960-964.
[317]Willam H S, Athol D A, Anthoy J P, et al. Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habiats in southern NewMexico:Ⅰ.rainfall simulation experiments[J]. Biogeochemistry, 1999, 45: 21-34.
[318]Zhang Jianguo, Li Huixia, He Xiaorong,et al. Impoverisshment of soil nutrients in gully erosion areas in Yuanmou basin.Wuhan University Journal of Natural Science,2003,8(3B):1034-1040.