IC+BCO+氧化塘工艺处理养猪废水的工程应用研究
摘要
随着经济的发展,人们的生活水平越来越高,对肉类的需求量也在逐年增大,从而生猪出栏量也在逐年增加。生猪养殖过程中产生的污染物也在逐年增多。随着养殖企业规模的不断扩大,传统的还田模式和废水的自然处理模式已经不能适应规模化猪场废水处理的需要,高效的工业化处理模式应运而生。
本文以IC+生物接触氧化+兼性塘工艺为研究对象,对猪场废水进行综合处理,研究表明：
(1)采用IC+生物接触氧化+兼性塘工艺处理猪场生产废水,工程调试时间约90天,正常运行后出水可以达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)的水质要求；
(2)IC反应器经过3个月的调试,反应器的容积负荷达到设计水平,反应器内形成大量颗粒直径为2-4mmm的颗粒污泥,污泥沉降性能非常好,降解有机物的能力较强,出水CODcr维持在600-800mg/L,CODcr,去除率达到70%,反应器具备一定的抗冲击能力；
(3)生物接触氧化池经过6次提高进水量后反应器达到满负荷运行,CODcr去除率达到70%左右,经过约2个月时间可以启动成功并具备一定的抗冲击负荷的能力；
(4)采用200%废水回流,并在好氧池内添加20%的原水的方案能有效的解决养殖废水处理过程中氨氮去除率低,厌氧消化液可生化性差,C：N：P比例失调导致的后续好氧处理效率低,需要添加大量碱来维持系统pH的问题；
(5)在水温较高(高于15℃)时,生物氧化塘内的藻类等植物对废水中的NH3-N和TP有较强利用能力,氧化塘对NH3-N的平均去除率为40%,对TP的平均去除率可达82.6%,出水水质可以达到排放标准。
(6)采用该工艺处理年出栏量10000头生猪的生产废水,工程投资123.35万元,按照废水处理量110 m3/d计算,折合单位废水处理运行费为1.47元/m3。
With the development of economy, people's living standard is higher and higher, the demand for meat increases year by year, thus the amount of pig slaughter is also increasing year by year. Pig-producing produces in the process of pollutant is also in increased annually. With the constant expansion of cultivation enterprise, the traditional counters-field mode and wastewater treatment mode with through the natural can adapt to the needs of large pig farm wastewater treatment, efficient industrialization processing model comes into being.
In this paper, IC+BCO+Facultative pond craft for the study, a comprehensive treatment of swine wastewater, and the research showed that:
(I)With IC+BCO+Facultative pond craft processing swine wastewater, engineering commissioning time was about 90 days, after normal operation had achieved the water livestock farming systems standards for pollutants discharge "(GB18596-2001) of water quality requirements;
(II) IC reactor after 3 months of commissioning, the reactor volume load reached the design level, within reactor form massive particles diameter for 2-4mm of granular sludge, the sludge sedimentation performance was very good, strong ability of organic matter degradation and the effluent CODcr maintained at 600-800mg/L,and removal rate reached 70%, reactor had certain impact resistant ability;
(III) Biological contact oxidation pond into the water after 6 times increase after the reactor was operating at full capacity, CODcr removal rate of 70%, after about 2 months to start a successful and had a certain ability to resist impact load;
(IV) Return of 200% wastewater and aerobic pool of water with 20% of the original program could effectively solve the breeding process of nitrogen removal wastewater treatment low rate, anaerobic digestion poor biodegradability, C:N:P imbalance caused by low efficiency of aerobic treatment follow-up, needed to add a large number of alkali to maintain the system pH problems;
(V) The water temperature is high (higher than 15℃), the bio-oxidation pond algae and other plants within the wastewater in the NH3-N and TP had a strong capacity utilization, oxidation pond on the average NH3-N removal rate was 40%, and The average removal rate of TP was 82.6%, and the effluent quality could meet the discharge standards;
(VI)The process was handled by the slaughter of 10,000 pigs in the production of wastewater,1.2335 million yuan investment project, in accordance with the waste water treatment capacity 110m3/d basis, equivalent to running costs for the wastewater treatment unit of 1.47yuan/m3.
本文以IC+生物接触氧化+兼性塘工艺为研究对象,对猪场废水进行综合处理,研究表明：
(1)采用IC+生物接触氧化+兼性塘工艺处理猪场生产废水,工程调试时间约90天,正常运行后出水可以达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)的水质要求；
(2)IC反应器经过3个月的调试,反应器的容积负荷达到设计水平,反应器内形成大量颗粒直径为2-4mmm的颗粒污泥,污泥沉降性能非常好,降解有机物的能力较强,出水CODcr维持在600-800mg/L,CODcr,去除率达到70%,反应器具备一定的抗冲击能力；
(3)生物接触氧化池经过6次提高进水量后反应器达到满负荷运行,CODcr去除率达到70%左右,经过约2个月时间可以启动成功并具备一定的抗冲击负荷的能力；
(4)采用200%废水回流,并在好氧池内添加20%的原水的方案能有效的解决养殖废水处理过程中氨氮去除率低,厌氧消化液可生化性差,C：N：P比例失调导致的后续好氧处理效率低,需要添加大量碱来维持系统pH的问题；
(5)在水温较高(高于15℃)时,生物氧化塘内的藻类等植物对废水中的NH3-N和TP有较强利用能力,氧化塘对NH3-N的平均去除率为40%,对TP的平均去除率可达82.6%,出水水质可以达到排放标准。
(6)采用该工艺处理年出栏量10000头生猪的生产废水,工程投资123.35万元,按照废水处理量110 m3/d计算,折合单位废水处理运行费为1.47元/m3。
With the development of economy, people's living standard is higher and higher, the demand for meat increases year by year, thus the amount of pig slaughter is also increasing year by year. Pig-producing produces in the process of pollutant is also in increased annually. With the constant expansion of cultivation enterprise, the traditional counters-field mode and wastewater treatment mode with through the natural can adapt to the needs of large pig farm wastewater treatment, efficient industrialization processing model comes into being.
In this paper, IC+BCO+Facultative pond craft for the study, a comprehensive treatment of swine wastewater, and the research showed that:
(I)With IC+BCO+Facultative pond craft processing swine wastewater, engineering commissioning time was about 90 days, after normal operation had achieved the water livestock farming systems standards for pollutants discharge "(GB18596-2001) of water quality requirements;
(II) IC reactor after 3 months of commissioning, the reactor volume load reached the design level, within reactor form massive particles diameter for 2-4mm of granular sludge, the sludge sedimentation performance was very good, strong ability of organic matter degradation and the effluent CODcr maintained at 600-800mg/L,and removal rate reached 70%, reactor had certain impact resistant ability;
(III) Biological contact oxidation pond into the water after 6 times increase after the reactor was operating at full capacity, CODcr removal rate of 70%, after about 2 months to start a successful and had a certain ability to resist impact load;
(IV) Return of 200% wastewater and aerobic pool of water with 20% of the original program could effectively solve the breeding process of nitrogen removal wastewater treatment low rate, anaerobic digestion poor biodegradability, C:N:P imbalance caused by low efficiency of aerobic treatment follow-up, needed to add a large number of alkali to maintain the system pH problems;
(V) The water temperature is high (higher than 15℃), the bio-oxidation pond algae and other plants within the wastewater in the NH3-N and TP had a strong capacity utilization, oxidation pond on the average NH3-N removal rate was 40%, and The average removal rate of TP was 82.6%, and the effluent quality could meet the discharge standards;
(VI)The process was handled by the slaughter of 10,000 pigs in the production of wastewater,1.2335 million yuan investment project, in accordance with the waste water treatment capacity 110m3/d basis, equivalent to running costs for the wastewater treatment unit of 1.47yuan/m3.
引文
[1]彭英霞,林聪,王金花,等.猪场废水生物处理技术研究进展[J].家禽生态学报,2006,27(2)：106-108.
[2]杨朝晖,曾光明,陈信常,等.规模化养猪场废水处理工艺的研究[J].环境工程,2002,(6)：19-21.
[3]雷英春,张克强,季民.国内外规模化猪场废水处理工艺技术新进展[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(12)：210-220.
[4]吴迪,高贤彪,何宗均,等.猪粪污水的UASB-生物接触氧化工艺处理[J].农业资源与环境科学,2008,24(5)：383-385.
[5]刘建国.猪场废水IC厌氧-三沟式氧化沟工艺技术研究[D].东华大学环境工程专业,2003：10-11.
[6]Shen Y L. New anaerobic wastewater treatment process-anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Chongqing Env Sci,1994, Vol,16(5):36-38.
[7]Uyanik S, Sallis P J, Anderson G K.The effect of polymer addition on granulation in an anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR):Process performance. Water Res,2002, Vol,36(4):933-943.
[8]Nachaiyasit S, Stuckey D C. The effect of shock loads on the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR).1. Step changes in feed concentration at const ant retention time. Water Research,1997, Vol,31(11):2737-2754.
[9]刘琼,徐伏秋,孙雪萍.IC反应器处理乳酸废水的启动特性[J].水处理技术,2008,34(1)：66-68.
[10]冯雷,聂文超,张燕,等.IC+A/B工艺处理高浓度淀粉生产废水[J].给水排水.007,33(4)：56-58.
[11]邹军,魏学军,阮文权,等.内循环(IC)厌氧反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的研究[J].环境工程学报.2007,1(5)：41-44.
[12]崔海炜,刘俊良,张立勇,等UASB+两段接触氧化工艺处理淀粉废水[J].给水排水,2008,24(9)：60,-62.
[13]李平,张永利,吕先林,等UASB处理低浓度城市污水的生产性研究[J].中国给水排水.2007,23(11)：67-69.
[14]杨沂凤,王顺发,吴晓等.UASB+生物接触氧化工艺处理鸡爪加工废水实例[J].环境工程,2006,24(5)：82-84.
[15]朱乐辉,徐星,王榕.UASB+BIOFOR工艺处理柠檬酸废水[J].工业水处理,2007,27(7)：39-41.
[16]俞金海,贾立敏,张勇UASB+BAF工艺处理油脂废水[J].2006,32(3)：58-60.
[17]雒文生,张青,蔡振华UASB处理低浓度城市生活污水的中试试验[J].环境工程.2006,24(5)：89-92.
[18]李敬存,曹志恒,杨丰坤.UASB+接触氧化+气浮处理柠檬酸废水[J].环境污染治理技术与 设备,2006,7(5)：135-137.
[19]安莹玉UASB+MBR工艺短程硝化-同时甲烷化反硝化研究[D].大连理工大学环境工程系,2008：3-4.
[20]董春娟,吕炳南,赵庆良.EGSB反应器处理啤酒废水运行影响因素研究[J].给水排水.2007,33(5)：170-173.
[21]石宪奎,倪文.EGSB处理玉米淀粉生产废水中试研究[J].环境工程.2005,23(1)：17-20.
[22]Nuneu LA, etal. Anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor. Water Science and Technology,1990, Vol,40(8):99-106.
[23]周建民,郑朋刚,扈映茹,等.生猪养殖污水处理工程实例[J].工业用水与废水,2008,39(3)：98-100.
[24]邓良伟,陈铬铭.IC工艺处理猪场废水实验研究[J].中国沼气,2001,19(2)：12-15.
[25]王阳.UASB处理猪粪废水启动试验研究[J].气象与环境学报,2007,23(2)：34-37.
[26]龚丽雯,龚敏红,成云,等.微电解／接触氧化／稳定塘处理猪场废水[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(8)：92-94.
[27]廖新悌,骆世明.人工湿地对猪场废水有机物处理效果的研究[J],应用生态学报,2002,13(1)：12-15.
[28]叶勇.红树林系统处理畜牧废水营养盐的研究[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(2)：213-216.
[29]许振成,谌建宇,曾雁湘,等.集约化猪场废水强化生化处理工艺试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(10)：204-230.
[30]廖新俤,骆世明.人工湿地对猪场废水有机物处理效果的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1)：113-117.
[31]邓良伟,郑平,李淑兰,等.添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能[J].环境科学,2005,26(6)：105-109.
[32]Driessen W, Yspeert P. Anaerobic treatment of low,medium and high strength effluent in theagro-industry[A].5th Latin-American Workshop-Seminar on Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment, Heldin Vina Del Mar, Chile,27-30 October,1998.221-228.
[33]张杰,刘亚纳,胡张保,等.IC反应器处理猪粪废水的启动特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4)：777-781.
[34]刘琼.IC+CASS处理乳酸废水的生产性能启动研究[D].郑州大学环境工程专业,2007：27-28.
[35]周律.厌氧生物反应器的启动及其影响因素[J].工业水处理,1996,16(5)：1-3.
[36]房景燕,UASB工艺处理养殖废水的厌氧氨化及产气率实验研究[D].西南交通大学环境工程系.2008：16-17
[37]Fdz-Polanco F, Gareia P, Villaverde S. Temperature effect over nitrifying baeteria aetivity in biofilters:activation and free ammonia inhibition. WatSei & Tech,1994, Vol,30(11):121-130.
[38]傅金祥,宋奇,李璐.温度对常温UASB运行的影响[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(6)：990-993.
[39]邓喜红,王超.废水生物接触氧化处理中生物膜的培养与驯化[J].工业水处理,2008,28(5)： 42-44.
[40]马邕文,刘洋,万金泉,等.废纸造纸废水生物接触氧化处理过程中生物膜特征研究[J].林产化学与工业,2006,26(1)：95-98.
[41]刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2000：73-110.
[42][Lamotta E J, Kinetics of growth and substrate uptake in a biological film system [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1976,31:86-293.]
[2]杨朝晖,曾光明,陈信常,等.规模化养猪场废水处理工艺的研究[J].环境工程,2002,(6)：19-21.
[3]雷英春,张克强,季民.国内外规模化猪场废水处理工艺技术新进展[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(12)：210-220.
[4]吴迪,高贤彪,何宗均,等.猪粪污水的UASB-生物接触氧化工艺处理[J].农业资源与环境科学,2008,24(5)：383-385.
[5]刘建国.猪场废水IC厌氧-三沟式氧化沟工艺技术研究[D].东华大学环境工程专业,2003：10-11.
[6]Shen Y L. New anaerobic wastewater treatment process-anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Chongqing Env Sci,1994, Vol,16(5):36-38.
[7]Uyanik S, Sallis P J, Anderson G K.The effect of polymer addition on granulation in an anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR):Process performance. Water Res,2002, Vol,36(4):933-943.
[8]Nachaiyasit S, Stuckey D C. The effect of shock loads on the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR).1. Step changes in feed concentration at const ant retention time. Water Research,1997, Vol,31(11):2737-2754.
[9]刘琼,徐伏秋,孙雪萍.IC反应器处理乳酸废水的启动特性[J].水处理技术,2008,34(1)：66-68.
[10]冯雷,聂文超,张燕,等.IC+A/B工艺处理高浓度淀粉生产废水[J].给水排水.007,33(4)：56-58.
[11]邹军,魏学军,阮文权,等.内循环(IC)厌氧反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的研究[J].环境工程学报.2007,1(5)：41-44.
[12]崔海炜,刘俊良,张立勇,等UASB+两段接触氧化工艺处理淀粉废水[J].给水排水,2008,24(9)：60,-62.
[13]李平,张永利,吕先林,等UASB处理低浓度城市污水的生产性研究[J].中国给水排水.2007,23(11)：67-69.
[14]杨沂凤,王顺发,吴晓等.UASB+生物接触氧化工艺处理鸡爪加工废水实例[J].环境工程,2006,24(5)：82-84.
[15]朱乐辉,徐星,王榕.UASB+BIOFOR工艺处理柠檬酸废水[J].工业水处理,2007,27(7)：39-41.
[16]俞金海,贾立敏,张勇UASB+BAF工艺处理油脂废水[J].2006,32(3)：58-60.
[17]雒文生,张青,蔡振华UASB处理低浓度城市生活污水的中试试验[J].环境工程.2006,24(5)：89-92.
[18]李敬存,曹志恒,杨丰坤.UASB+接触氧化+气浮处理柠檬酸废水[J].环境污染治理技术与 设备,2006,7(5)：135-137.
[19]安莹玉UASB+MBR工艺短程硝化-同时甲烷化反硝化研究[D].大连理工大学环境工程系,2008：3-4.
[20]董春娟,吕炳南,赵庆良.EGSB反应器处理啤酒废水运行影响因素研究[J].给水排水.2007,33(5)：170-173.
[21]石宪奎,倪文.EGSB处理玉米淀粉生产废水中试研究[J].环境工程.2005,23(1)：17-20.
[22]Nuneu LA, etal. Anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor. Water Science and Technology,1990, Vol,40(8):99-106.
[23]周建民,郑朋刚,扈映茹,等.生猪养殖污水处理工程实例[J].工业用水与废水,2008,39(3)：98-100.
[24]邓良伟,陈铬铭.IC工艺处理猪场废水实验研究[J].中国沼气,2001,19(2)：12-15.
[25]王阳.UASB处理猪粪废水启动试验研究[J].气象与环境学报,2007,23(2)：34-37.
[26]龚丽雯,龚敏红,成云,等.微电解／接触氧化／稳定塘处理猪场废水[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(8)：92-94.
[27]廖新悌,骆世明.人工湿地对猪场废水有机物处理效果的研究[J],应用生态学报,2002,13(1)：12-15.
[28]叶勇.红树林系统处理畜牧废水营养盐的研究[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(2)：213-216.
[29]许振成,谌建宇,曾雁湘,等.集约化猪场废水强化生化处理工艺试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(10)：204-230.
[30]廖新俤,骆世明.人工湿地对猪场废水有机物处理效果的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1)：113-117.
[31]邓良伟,郑平,李淑兰,等.添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能[J].环境科学,2005,26(6)：105-109.
[32]Driessen W, Yspeert P. Anaerobic treatment of low,medium and high strength effluent in theagro-industry[A].5th Latin-American Workshop-Seminar on Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment, Heldin Vina Del Mar, Chile,27-30 October,1998.221-228.
[33]张杰,刘亚纳,胡张保,等.IC反应器处理猪粪废水的启动特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4)：777-781.
[34]刘琼.IC+CASS处理乳酸废水的生产性能启动研究[D].郑州大学环境工程专业,2007：27-28.
[35]周律.厌氧生物反应器的启动及其影响因素[J].工业水处理,1996,16(5)：1-3.
[36]房景燕,UASB工艺处理养殖废水的厌氧氨化及产气率实验研究[D].西南交通大学环境工程系.2008：16-17
[37]Fdz-Polanco F, Gareia P, Villaverde S. Temperature effect over nitrifying baeteria aetivity in biofilters:activation and free ammonia inhibition. WatSei & Tech,1994, Vol,30(11):121-130.
[38]傅金祥,宋奇,李璐.温度对常温UASB运行的影响[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(6)：990-993.
[39]邓喜红,王超.废水生物接触氧化处理中生物膜的培养与驯化[J].工业水处理,2008,28(5)： 42-44.
[40]马邕文,刘洋,万金泉,等.废纸造纸废水生物接触氧化处理过程中生物膜特征研究[J].林产化学与工业,2006,26(1)：95-98.
[41]刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2000：73-110.
[42][Lamotta E J, Kinetics of growth and substrate uptake in a biological film system [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1976,31:86-293.]