伦理视域下的我国农村社会养老保险问题研究
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摘要
农村社会养老保险是我国社会保障体系的重要内容,对保障农村老龄人口的基本生存权利,维护农村社会稳定和社会全面进步等具有十分重要的意义。农村社会养老保险具有鲜明的伦理特性。在农村养老保险建设中赋予人道、公平、正义与责任的伦理关怀,有助于农村社会养老保险制度的设计和实施建立在合乎道德的伦理基础上,并在城镇化进程中实现公平正义价值取向下的、城乡居民平等的“老有所养”的目标;同时,健全农村社会养老保险体系又是实现农民的“老有所养”目标伦理要求的重要渠道。社会道德理念和伦理价值精神为制度公正和制度伦理在农村社会养老保险的完善奠定了道义基础,只有获得伦理道德支持农村社会保障制度,才能凸显其保障功能,推进农村社会保险制度健康发展。
本文在阐述农村社会养老保险的基本内涵、伦理特性的基础上,运用人本伦理思想分析了我国社会养老保险伦理关怀的必要性,探讨了农村社会养老保险慈善人道的精神诉求和公平正义的价值定位。从经济、历史和制度伦理学的角度审视了我国农村社会养老保险存在的伦理困境,并对我国农村社会养老保险伦理缺失的原因进行了分析。在上述分析的基础上,本文提出了构建我国农村社会养老保险体系必须坚持的以人为本、社会公正、公平与效率相统一的伦理原则,从制度公正原则下的体制建设、补偿正义原则下的政府责任定位、公平与效率原则下的农村社会养老保险运行机制等方面,提出了制度伦理的视域下我国农村社会养老保险的完善途径。
China's rural social endowment insurance is an important part of the social security system,it is of great significance to protect the rural aging population's basic right to life,maintain social stability in rural areas and social progress,and so on. Rural social endowment insurance has distinctive ethical features.The ethical consideration given to humanitarian,fairness,justice and responsibility in the construction of rural old-age insurance contributes to rural social endowment insurance system design and implementation of ethics to establish the ethical basis of ethical,and achieves the“sense of security”goal which is under the fair values of justice,equality of urban and rural residents in the process of urbanization;at the same time,improving rural social pension insurance system is the important channel which is the realization of farmers'“sense of security”objective ethical requirements. Moral philosophy and the spirit of ethical values laid the moral foundation for system of justice and ethics system in the improvement of rural social pension insurance,only with moral support for rural social security system,in order to highlight the security function and promote the healthy development of rural social insurance system.
This paper,in explaining the basis of rural social pension insurance the basic content and ethical characteristics,analyzed the ethical concern of our society the need for pension by applying human ethics and discussed the spirit of rural social endowment insurance claims and the value of fairness and justice orientation.It examined the rural social pension insurance in ethical dilemmas from the perspective of economic,historical and system of ethics and analyzed the ethics of rural social endowment insurance reasons for the lack.Based on the above analysis,the paper proposed the ethical principles of people-oriented,social justice and the unity of fairness and efficiency on the construction of rural social endowment insurance system in China that we must adhere to,and had proposed rural social endowment insurance perfection in the perspective of the institutional ethics,from the institution-building under the principle of impartiality in the system,orientation of government responsibility under the principle of justice in compensation and mechanism of rural social pension insurance in the principles of fairness and efficiency,etc..
本文在阐述农村社会养老保险的基本内涵、伦理特性的基础上,运用人本伦理思想分析了我国社会养老保险伦理关怀的必要性,探讨了农村社会养老保险慈善人道的精神诉求和公平正义的价值定位。从经济、历史和制度伦理学的角度审视了我国农村社会养老保险存在的伦理困境,并对我国农村社会养老保险伦理缺失的原因进行了分析。在上述分析的基础上,本文提出了构建我国农村社会养老保险体系必须坚持的以人为本、社会公正、公平与效率相统一的伦理原则,从制度公正原则下的体制建设、补偿正义原则下的政府责任定位、公平与效率原则下的农村社会养老保险运行机制等方面,提出了制度伦理的视域下我国农村社会养老保险的完善途径。
China's rural social endowment insurance is an important part of the social security system,it is of great significance to protect the rural aging population's basic right to life,maintain social stability in rural areas and social progress,and so on. Rural social endowment insurance has distinctive ethical features.The ethical consideration given to humanitarian,fairness,justice and responsibility in the construction of rural old-age insurance contributes to rural social endowment insurance system design and implementation of ethics to establish the ethical basis of ethical,and achieves the“sense of security”goal which is under the fair values of justice,equality of urban and rural residents in the process of urbanization;at the same time,improving rural social pension insurance system is the important channel which is the realization of farmers'“sense of security”objective ethical requirements. Moral philosophy and the spirit of ethical values laid the moral foundation for system of justice and ethics system in the improvement of rural social pension insurance,only with moral support for rural social security system,in order to highlight the security function and promote the healthy development of rural social insurance system.
This paper,in explaining the basis of rural social pension insurance the basic content and ethical characteristics,analyzed the ethical concern of our society the need for pension by applying human ethics and discussed the spirit of rural social endowment insurance claims and the value of fairness and justice orientation.It examined the rural social pension insurance in ethical dilemmas from the perspective of economic,historical and system of ethics and analyzed the ethics of rural social endowment insurance reasons for the lack.Based on the above analysis,the paper proposed the ethical principles of people-oriented,social justice and the unity of fairness and efficiency on the construction of rural social endowment insurance system in China that we must adhere to,and had proposed rural social endowment insurance perfection in the perspective of the institutional ethics,from the institution-building under the principle of impartiality in the system,orientation of government responsibility under the principle of justice in compensation and mechanism of rural social pension insurance in the principles of fairness and efficiency,etc..
引文
①阿瑟·刘易斯.经济增长理论[M].商务印书馆,1995:134.
②Asimakopulos, A. and J. C. Weldon. On the theory of Government Pension Plans [J]. Canadian Journal of Economies, 968(12):699-671.
③吕学静.社会保障国际比较[M].北京:首都经济贸易人学出版社,2007:38-45.
①可参见下列文献:Case, A. and Deaton, A. Large cash transfers to the elderly in South Africa. The Economic Journal,Sept1998,108(2):1330-1361;Gruber, J. & Wise, D. Social security programs and retirement around the world. Chicago: University Press for the NBER,1999.
①倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:8-9.
①《马克思恩格斯选集》(第3卷)中文2版[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:445.
①苗力田.亚里士多德全集(第八卷)中文版[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1995:3334.
②约翰·罗尔斯著,万俊人译.政治自由主义[M].南京:译林出版社,2000:298.
①罗尔斯(Rawls,J.)著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2001:8-12.
①罗尔斯(Rawls,J.)著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2001:8-12.
①道·诺斯.制度变迁论纲要[J].改革,1995(3):12—27.
②倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:294.
①倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:59.
①聂文军.正义的伦理:在德性与规范之间[J].哲学研究,2010(5):106-113.
②亚当·斯密著,蒋自强等译.道德情操论[M].商务印书馆,1997:98.
③罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988:3.
①马歇尔.伦理学原理:上卷[M].北京:商务印书馆,1964.
①罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988.
[1]宋晓梧.中国社会保障体制改革与发展报告[M].中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[2]郑功成.中国社会保障制度变迁与评估[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:18—25.
[3]封进.公平与效率的交替和协调——中国养老保险制度的再分配效应[J].世界经济文汇,2004(1):24—26.
[4]付淳宁.农村社会养老保险问题研究[J].经济纵横,2009(8):51—77.
[5]尚长风.破解农村养老保险困境的创新制度及评价[J].财政研究,2007(9):48—51.
[6]袁志刚.中国养老保险体系选择的经济学分析[J].经济研究,2001(5):13—19.
[7]杨翠迎.中国农村养老保障何去何从[J].商业研究,2005(8):167—170.
[8]聂文军.正义的伦理:在德性与规范之间[J].哲学研究,2010(5):106—113.
[9]亚当·斯密著,蒋自强等译.道德情操论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[10]罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988.
[11]崔丽.浅析农村人口老龄化及其对养老保障的影响[J].中国石油大学胜利学院学报,2007(1):32—35.
[12]道·诺斯.制度变迁理论纲要[J].改革,1995(3):12—27.
[13]倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002.
[14]马歇尔.伦理学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1964.
[15]马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1956:82.
[16]马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1957:166.
[17]黄庆杰.城乡统筹的农村社会养老保障:制度选择与政府责任[D].中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2009.
[18]刘迪平.中国新型农村社会养老保险长效供给研究[D].苏州大学博士学位论文,2010.
[19]王如鹏.农村养老保障问题研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2010.
[20]王晓峰.农村老年弱势群体伦理关怀问题研究[D].曲阜师范大学博士学位论文,2010.
[21]邓大松.社会保障理论与时间发展研究[M].人民出版社,2007.
[22]杨复兴.中国农村养老保障模式创新研究[M].云南人民出版社,2007.
[23]方军,汪雷.转型期中国农村行政伦理研究:基于农村社会养老保险政策执行的视角[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(2):179—182.
[24]谢军.农村社会保障制度的伦理功能浅探[J].南京人口管理干部学院学报,2008(3):59—63.
[25]亨廷顿.政治发展.见格林斯坦等编政治学手册精选(下)[M].商务印馆,1996.
[26]王海明.论权利与义务的关系[J].伦理学研究,2005(6):5—11.
[27]亚当.斯密(著),蒋自强、钦北愚等(译).道德情操论[M].商务印书馆,2003.
[28]亚当.斯密(著),唐日松(译).国富论[M].华夏出版社,2005.
[29]厉以宁.经济学的伦理问题[M].三联书店出版社,1999.
[30]吕学静.社会保障国际比较[M].北京:首都经济贸易人学出版社,2007.
[31]阿瑟·刘易斯.经济增长理论[M].商务印书馆,1995
[32] Asimakopulos,A. and J. C. Weldon. On the theory of Government Pension Plans[J].Canadian Journal of Economies,968(12):699—671.
②Asimakopulos, A. and J. C. Weldon. On the theory of Government Pension Plans [J]. Canadian Journal of Economies, 968(12):699-671.
③吕学静.社会保障国际比较[M].北京:首都经济贸易人学出版社,2007:38-45.
①可参见下列文献:Case, A. and Deaton, A. Large cash transfers to the elderly in South Africa. The Economic Journal,Sept1998,108(2):1330-1361;Gruber, J. & Wise, D. Social security programs and retirement around the world. Chicago: University Press for the NBER,1999.
①倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:8-9.
①《马克思恩格斯选集》(第3卷)中文2版[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:445.
①苗力田.亚里士多德全集(第八卷)中文版[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1995:3334.
②约翰·罗尔斯著,万俊人译.政治自由主义[M].南京:译林出版社,2000:298.
①罗尔斯(Rawls,J.)著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2001:8-12.
①罗尔斯(Rawls,J.)著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2001:8-12.
①道·诺斯.制度变迁论纲要[J].改革,1995(3):12—27.
②倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:294.
①倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:59.
①聂文军.正义的伦理:在德性与规范之间[J].哲学研究,2010(5):106-113.
②亚当·斯密著,蒋自强等译.道德情操论[M].商务印书馆,1997:98.
③罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988:3.
①马歇尔.伦理学原理:上卷[M].北京:商务印书馆,1964.
①罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988.
[1]宋晓梧.中国社会保障体制改革与发展报告[M].中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[2]郑功成.中国社会保障制度变迁与评估[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:18—25.
[3]封进.公平与效率的交替和协调——中国养老保险制度的再分配效应[J].世界经济文汇,2004(1):24—26.
[4]付淳宁.农村社会养老保险问题研究[J].经济纵横,2009(8):51—77.
[5]尚长风.破解农村养老保险困境的创新制度及评价[J].财政研究,2007(9):48—51.
[6]袁志刚.中国养老保险体系选择的经济学分析[J].经济研究,2001(5):13—19.
[7]杨翠迎.中国农村养老保障何去何从[J].商业研究,2005(8):167—170.
[8]聂文军.正义的伦理:在德性与规范之间[J].哲学研究,2010(5):106—113.
[9]亚当·斯密著,蒋自强等译.道德情操论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[10]罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988.
[11]崔丽.浅析农村人口老龄化及其对养老保障的影响[J].中国石油大学胜利学院学报,2007(1):32—35.
[12]道·诺斯.制度变迁理论纲要[J].改革,1995(3):12—27.
[13]倪愫襄.伦理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002.
[14]马歇尔.伦理学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1964.
[15]马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1956:82.
[16]马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1957:166.
[17]黄庆杰.城乡统筹的农村社会养老保障:制度选择与政府责任[D].中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2009.
[18]刘迪平.中国新型农村社会养老保险长效供给研究[D].苏州大学博士学位论文,2010.
[19]王如鹏.农村养老保障问题研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2010.
[20]王晓峰.农村老年弱势群体伦理关怀问题研究[D].曲阜师范大学博士学位论文,2010.
[21]邓大松.社会保障理论与时间发展研究[M].人民出版社,2007.
[22]杨复兴.中国农村养老保障模式创新研究[M].云南人民出版社,2007.
[23]方军,汪雷.转型期中国农村行政伦理研究:基于农村社会养老保险政策执行的视角[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(2):179—182.
[24]谢军.农村社会保障制度的伦理功能浅探[J].南京人口管理干部学院学报,2008(3):59—63.
[25]亨廷顿.政治发展.见格林斯坦等编政治学手册精选(下)[M].商务印馆,1996.
[26]王海明.论权利与义务的关系[J].伦理学研究,2005(6):5—11.
[27]亚当.斯密(著),蒋自强、钦北愚等(译).道德情操论[M].商务印书馆,2003.
[28]亚当.斯密(著),唐日松(译).国富论[M].华夏出版社,2005.
[29]厉以宁.经济学的伦理问题[M].三联书店出版社,1999.
[30]吕学静.社会保障国际比较[M].北京:首都经济贸易人学出版社,2007.
[31]阿瑟·刘易斯.经济增长理论[M].商务印书馆,1995
[32] Asimakopulos,A. and J. C. Weldon. On the theory of Government Pension Plans[J].Canadian Journal of Economies,968(12):699—671.