中日同素逆序词研究
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摘要
所谓同素逆序词,指的是双音节复合词中构词语素相同且语素序位互逆的一组词。本文从共时和历时两方面入手、纵向与横向多重层次剖析、定量分析与定性分析相结合,从宏观的角度,把同素逆序词放在汉语词汇系统中来考察;从微观的角度,对同素逆序词组进行个例分析,探究相关词义的发展轨迹。
另一方面,从跨语言比较语言学研究的角度,分别举例引出了日语中同素逆序形式汉字词的来源、概况以及相互对应关系。全文除“绪论”外,分“古汉语同素逆序词类型论析”、“日语中的同素逆序汉字词”、“同素逆序词成因探析”、“同素逆序词在词汇研究和教学中的意义”等四大部分。
首先,从“绪论”部分开始对历来纷纭含混的概念加以阐析,然后介绍选题缘起、研究价值、研究现状以及本文的研究方法和预期目标等。第二部分从内部结构、词性和使用情况对古汉语同素逆序词的类型进行全面的多层次描写分析,揭示其构词特点。通过对同素逆序词的共时和历时两方面的分析,对意义用法不尽相同的同素逆序词加以辨析,理顺其中的发展脉络,从而总结出它们的演变轮廓,寻求其分化和演变的理据。第三部分分别对日语中出现的同素逆序汉字词进行跨语言的多层次分析研究。一方面从共时平面把它同汉语同素逆序现象加以比较,揭示其各自特点;另一方面从历时的角度对词加以考察,弄清其的发展脉络。同素逆序词的产生和发展演变,探其原因十分复杂,第四部分分别从语音、词汇、语法、修辞、文化等多方面追溯同素逆序词成因,上溯其源,下探其流,研究其产生、发展和演变的阶段性特点。第五部分阐释了同素逆序词在词汇研究和教学中的应用价值。
So-called with element in reverse order word, what refers to is in the double syllable compound constructs the word morpheme to be the same, and morpheme foreword position reciprocal group of words. This article through altogether when the analysis and the lasted inspection unify, the longitudinal observation and the crosswise contrast unify, the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis unify, from the macroscopic angle, places with the element in reverse order word in Chinese glossary system to inspect.
From the microscopic angle, to carries on the case analysis with the element in reverse order phrase, inquires about the word meaning the change path. in addition, from the cross language philology research's angle, for the first time has promulgated in Japanese with the element in reverse order form Chinese character word origin, the survey as well as mutually the corresponding relationships. The full text besides“the introduction”, divides“the ancient Chinese to analyze with the element in reverse order word theory of types”,“with the element in reverse order word evolution research”,“in Japanese same element in reverse order Chinese character word”,“searches with the element in reverse order word origin analyzes”,“with the element in reverse order word in the glossary research and the teaching significance”and so on five major parts.
“the introduction”the part is always first diverse to this selected topic the ambiguous concept to clarify analyzes, then introduction selected topic origin, research value, research present situation as well as this article research technique and anticipated target and so on. The second part from the internal structure, the lexical category and the service condition carries on the comprehensive multi-level description analysis to the ancient Chinese with the element in reverse order word's type, promulgates its construction word characteristic. The third part the same element in reverse order Chinese character word which appears to Japanese in carries on the cross language separately the multi-level analytical study. On the one hand from altogether time the plane counts and the comparison, promulgates its respective characteristic;the fourth part from the pronunciation, the glossary, the grammar, the rhetoric, the culture and so on various backward with the element in reverse order word origin, goes upstream its source separately, gets down searches its class, studies it to have, the development and the evolution language mechanism. The fifth part has explained with the element in reverse order word in the glossary research and the teaching application value.
另一方面,从跨语言比较语言学研究的角度,分别举例引出了日语中同素逆序形式汉字词的来源、概况以及相互对应关系。全文除“绪论”外,分“古汉语同素逆序词类型论析”、“日语中的同素逆序汉字词”、“同素逆序词成因探析”、“同素逆序词在词汇研究和教学中的意义”等四大部分。
首先,从“绪论”部分开始对历来纷纭含混的概念加以阐析,然后介绍选题缘起、研究价值、研究现状以及本文的研究方法和预期目标等。第二部分从内部结构、词性和使用情况对古汉语同素逆序词的类型进行全面的多层次描写分析,揭示其构词特点。通过对同素逆序词的共时和历时两方面的分析,对意义用法不尽相同的同素逆序词加以辨析,理顺其中的发展脉络,从而总结出它们的演变轮廓,寻求其分化和演变的理据。第三部分分别对日语中出现的同素逆序汉字词进行跨语言的多层次分析研究。一方面从共时平面把它同汉语同素逆序现象加以比较,揭示其各自特点;另一方面从历时的角度对词加以考察,弄清其的发展脉络。同素逆序词的产生和发展演变,探其原因十分复杂,第四部分分别从语音、词汇、语法、修辞、文化等多方面追溯同素逆序词成因,上溯其源,下探其流,研究其产生、发展和演变的阶段性特点。第五部分阐释了同素逆序词在词汇研究和教学中的应用价值。
So-called with element in reverse order word, what refers to is in the double syllable compound constructs the word morpheme to be the same, and morpheme foreword position reciprocal group of words. This article through altogether when the analysis and the lasted inspection unify, the longitudinal observation and the crosswise contrast unify, the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis unify, from the macroscopic angle, places with the element in reverse order word in Chinese glossary system to inspect.
From the microscopic angle, to carries on the case analysis with the element in reverse order phrase, inquires about the word meaning the change path. in addition, from the cross language philology research's angle, for the first time has promulgated in Japanese with the element in reverse order form Chinese character word origin, the survey as well as mutually the corresponding relationships. The full text besides“the introduction”, divides“the ancient Chinese to analyze with the element in reverse order word theory of types”,“with the element in reverse order word evolution research”,“in Japanese same element in reverse order Chinese character word”,“searches with the element in reverse order word origin analyzes”,“with the element in reverse order word in the glossary research and the teaching significance”and so on five major parts.
“the introduction”the part is always first diverse to this selected topic the ambiguous concept to clarify analyzes, then introduction selected topic origin, research value, research present situation as well as this article research technique and anticipated target and so on. The second part from the internal structure, the lexical category and the service condition carries on the comprehensive multi-level description analysis to the ancient Chinese with the element in reverse order word's type, promulgates its construction word characteristic. The third part the same element in reverse order Chinese character word which appears to Japanese in carries on the cross language separately the multi-level analytical study. On the one hand from altogether time the plane counts and the comparison, promulgates its respective characteristic;the fourth part from the pronunciation, the glossary, the grammar, the rhetoric, the culture and so on various backward with the element in reverse order word origin, goes upstream its source separately, gets down searches its class, studies it to have, the development and the evolution language mechanism. The fifth part has explained with the element in reverse order word in the glossary research and the teaching application value.
引文
[1]邢福义.现代汉语.北京:高等教育出版,1991.
[2]冯凌宇.核心义素在兼类词判别中的意义.语言研究,2003,(1).
[3]洪丽娣.古代汉语同素逆序词的研究.沈阳师范学院学报,1997,(2).
[4]张巍.中古汉语同素逆序词演变研究.复旦大学博士学位论文,2005.
[5]马显彬.古代汉语同素逆序词综论.湛江师范学院学报,2003.2
[6]吕叔湘.吕叔湘语文论集.北京:商务印书馆,1983.第28页
[7]郭在贻.郭在贻语言文学论稿.浙江:浙江古籍出版社,1992:328～329
[8]吕叔湘.近代汉语指代词·序,近代汉语指代词.上海:学林出版社,1985.
[9]王力.汉语语法史.北京:商务印书馆,1988:1～3
[10]惠穗.请给它们一个“考验”的机会.语文知识,1956;毛西旁.关于字序可以颠倒的词.语文知识,1956;刘凯鸣.对并列结构同义词规范化应依据什么标准的意见.语文知识,1956.
[11][意]马西尼著,黄河清译.现代汉语词汇的形成——十九世纪汉语外来词研究.上海:汉语大词典出版社,1997:175
[12]吴侃.汉语词汇研究.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999:184
[13]王力.汉语史稿.北京:中华书局,1980:588
[14]高文汉.日语词汇论.吉林:吉林教育出版社,1990:19
[15]林端.日语汉字音读研究.新疆:新疆教育出版社,新疆大学出版社,2003.
[16]盛文渊.日语中的汉字同形异读词.日语知识.2002(4).
[17]王力.汉语史稿.北京:中华书局,1980:588
[18]李日松.现代日语中的汉字研究.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998:46
[19]高文汉.日语词汇论.吉林:吉林教育出版社,1990:24
[20]李日松.现代日语中的汉字研究.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998:43;成春有.日语汉字音读研究.安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,2002:109
[21]王艾录,司富珍.汉语的语词理据.北京:商务印书馆,2001:1
[22]丁勉哉.同素词的结构形式和意义的关系.学术学刊.1957(2).
[23]程湘清.先秦汉语研究.山东:山东教育出版社,1992:82～109
[24]张巍.中古汉语同素逆序词演变研究.复旦大学博士学位论文,2005.
[25]张德鑫.谈颠倒词.汉语学习,1995(6).
[26]顾之川.明代汉语词汇研究.河南:河南大学出版社,2000.
[27]刘叔新.汉语描写词汇学.北京:商务印书馆,1990:94
[28]杨锡彭.汉语语素论.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:219～223
[2]冯凌宇.核心义素在兼类词判别中的意义.语言研究,2003,(1).
[3]洪丽娣.古代汉语同素逆序词的研究.沈阳师范学院学报,1997,(2).
[4]张巍.中古汉语同素逆序词演变研究.复旦大学博士学位论文,2005.
[5]马显彬.古代汉语同素逆序词综论.湛江师范学院学报,2003.2
[6]吕叔湘.吕叔湘语文论集.北京:商务印书馆,1983.第28页
[7]郭在贻.郭在贻语言文学论稿.浙江:浙江古籍出版社,1992:328～329
[8]吕叔湘.近代汉语指代词·序,近代汉语指代词.上海:学林出版社,1985.
[9]王力.汉语语法史.北京:商务印书馆,1988:1～3
[10]惠穗.请给它们一个“考验”的机会.语文知识,1956;毛西旁.关于字序可以颠倒的词.语文知识,1956;刘凯鸣.对并列结构同义词规范化应依据什么标准的意见.语文知识,1956.
[11][意]马西尼著,黄河清译.现代汉语词汇的形成——十九世纪汉语外来词研究.上海:汉语大词典出版社,1997:175
[12]吴侃.汉语词汇研究.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999:184
[13]王力.汉语史稿.北京:中华书局,1980:588
[14]高文汉.日语词汇论.吉林:吉林教育出版社,1990:19
[15]林端.日语汉字音读研究.新疆:新疆教育出版社,新疆大学出版社,2003.
[16]盛文渊.日语中的汉字同形异读词.日语知识.2002(4).
[17]王力.汉语史稿.北京:中华书局,1980:588
[18]李日松.现代日语中的汉字研究.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998:46
[19]高文汉.日语词汇论.吉林:吉林教育出版社,1990:24
[20]李日松.现代日语中的汉字研究.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998:43;成春有.日语汉字音读研究.安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,2002:109
[21]王艾录,司富珍.汉语的语词理据.北京:商务印书馆,2001:1
[22]丁勉哉.同素词的结构形式和意义的关系.学术学刊.1957(2).
[23]程湘清.先秦汉语研究.山东:山东教育出版社,1992:82～109
[24]张巍.中古汉语同素逆序词演变研究.复旦大学博士学位论文,2005.
[25]张德鑫.谈颠倒词.汉语学习,1995(6).
[26]顾之川.明代汉语词汇研究.河南:河南大学出版社,2000.
[27]刘叔新.汉语描写词汇学.北京:商务印书馆,1990:94
[28]杨锡彭.汉语语素论.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:219～223