木聚糖酶对小麦型饲粮肉鸡生长性能、血液指标及肠道发育的影响
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摘要
本试验研究小麦型饲粮中添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道发育的影响,确定肉鸡小麦型饲粮中木聚糖酶的适宜添加量,为探讨外源非消化酶的作用机制及木聚糖酶的应用提供理论依据。
将240只1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡随机分为4个处理,每处理5重复,每重复12只,研究含40%小麦的饲粮中添加不同水平木聚糖酶(0、500、1 000、5 000 U/kg)对肉鸡生长性能、血液葡萄糖、尿酸、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)含量、肠道组织形态、微生物区系及消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加木聚糖酶不影响1~21 d、22~42 d及1~42 d肉鸡体增重、采食量及血液中葡萄糖、尿酸、胰岛素和IGF-Ⅰ含量(P>0.05),但可显著改善1~21 d和1~42 d肉鸡饲料转化率(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶极显著增加了21 d肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(P<0.01);添加500 U/kg木聚糖酶显著增加了十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度以及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),添加500 U/kg和1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.058)、空肠(P=0.079)和回肠隐窝深度(P=0.095),趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.067)和空肠上皮厚度(P=0.052),趋于降低回肠肌层厚度(P=0.112)。添加5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶显著增加了十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),极显著增加了回肠绒毛高度(P<0.01),趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.058)、空肠(P=0.079)和回肠隐窝深度(P=0.095),趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.067)和空肠上皮厚度(P=0.052),趋于降低回肠肌层厚度(P=0.112)。添加不同剂量的木聚糖酶对42 d肉鸡空肠和盲肠微生物区系无显著影响。与对照组相比,添加500 U/kg和1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于降低回肠大肠杆菌数量(P=0.062)和总需氧菌数量(P=0.090),而添加5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于增加大肠杆菌数量(P=0.062)和总需氧菌数量(P=0.090)。添加1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于降低盲肠总需氧菌数量(P=0.094)。日粮中添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对42 d肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性没有显著影响。
结果表明,向含40%小麦的肉鸡饲粮中添加0、500、1 000、5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶,可显著提高饲料转化率;改善小肠绒毛高度以及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值。添加不同剂量的木聚糖酶对血糖、尿酸、胰岛素和IGF-Ⅰ含量,小肠淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性以及42 d肉鸡回肠和盲肠微生物区系无显著影响;添加5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶对上述观测指标无进一步改善作用。含40%小麦的肉鸡饲粮中木聚糖酶的适宜添加水平为1 000 U/kg。
The experiment was conducted to explore the mechanism of xylanase on broilers fed wheat-based diets. Performance, blood glucose, uric acid, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-Ⅰ), intestinal morphology, microflora and digestive enzyme activities were determined.
Two hundred and forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to 4 dietary treatments(with 5 replicate pens of 12 chicks each) in a randomized complete block design. The wheat-based diets were supplemented with 0, 500, 1 000, 5 000 U/kg xylanase. The results showed that daily weight gain, feed intake, the concentrations of serum glucose, uric acid, insulin and IGF-Ⅰof broilers in1-21 d, 22-42 d and 1-42 d phases were not affected by the supplementation of xylanase (P>0.05). Xylanase supplementation significantly improved the feed conversion ratio of broiler in 1 to 21 d and 1 to 42 d phases (P<0.05). Compared with the control, 1 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 21 d broilers. 500 U/kg xylanase supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) the villus height in duodenum and ileum, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in ileum. 500 U/kg and 1 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to decrease the crypt depth in duodenum (P=0.058), jejunum (P=0.079) and ileum (P=0.095), the epithelial thickness in duodenum (P=0.067) and jejunum (P=0.052), and the muscle thickness in ileum (P=0.112). Supplementing 5 000 U/kg xylanase significantly increased the ratio in duodenum and ileum (P<0.05), significantly increased the villus height in ileum (P<0.01), and tended to decrease the crypt depth in duodenum (P=0.058), jejunum (P=0.079) and ileum (P=0.095), the epithelial thickness in duodenum (P=0.067) and jejunum (P=0.052), and the muscle thickness in ileum (P=0.112). Xylanase supplementation had no significant effects on intestinal microflora in broilers of 42 d (P>0.05). Compared with the control, 500U/kg and 1 000U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to decrease the counts of Escherichia coli (P=0.062) and total aerobes (P=0.090) in ileum. 1 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to decrease the counts of total aerobes (P=0.094) in caecum. The activities of amylase and protease were not affected by the xylanase supplementation (P>0.05).
In conclusion, xylanase supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio, the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in small intestine of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The concentrations of blood glucose, uric acid, insulin and IGF-Ⅰ, the activities of amylase and protease in small intestine, and the intestinal microflora were not affected by xylanase supplementation, but 5 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to show negative effects on intestinal microflora. The appropriate level of xylanase supplemented to the 40% wheat-based diets was 1 000 U/kg.
将240只1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡随机分为4个处理,每处理5重复,每重复12只,研究含40%小麦的饲粮中添加不同水平木聚糖酶(0、500、1 000、5 000 U/kg)对肉鸡生长性能、血液葡萄糖、尿酸、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)含量、肠道组织形态、微生物区系及消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加木聚糖酶不影响1~21 d、22~42 d及1~42 d肉鸡体增重、采食量及血液中葡萄糖、尿酸、胰岛素和IGF-Ⅰ含量(P>0.05),但可显著改善1~21 d和1~42 d肉鸡饲料转化率(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶极显著增加了21 d肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(P<0.01);添加500 U/kg木聚糖酶显著增加了十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度以及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),添加500 U/kg和1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.058)、空肠(P=0.079)和回肠隐窝深度(P=0.095),趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.067)和空肠上皮厚度(P=0.052),趋于降低回肠肌层厚度(P=0.112)。添加5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶显著增加了十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),极显著增加了回肠绒毛高度(P<0.01),趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.058)、空肠(P=0.079)和回肠隐窝深度(P=0.095),趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.067)和空肠上皮厚度(P=0.052),趋于降低回肠肌层厚度(P=0.112)。添加不同剂量的木聚糖酶对42 d肉鸡空肠和盲肠微生物区系无显著影响。与对照组相比,添加500 U/kg和1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于降低回肠大肠杆菌数量(P=0.062)和总需氧菌数量(P=0.090),而添加5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于增加大肠杆菌数量(P=0.062)和总需氧菌数量(P=0.090)。添加1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶趋于降低盲肠总需氧菌数量(P=0.094)。日粮中添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对42 d肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性没有显著影响。
结果表明,向含40%小麦的肉鸡饲粮中添加0、500、1 000、5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶,可显著提高饲料转化率;改善小肠绒毛高度以及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值。添加不同剂量的木聚糖酶对血糖、尿酸、胰岛素和IGF-Ⅰ含量,小肠淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性以及42 d肉鸡回肠和盲肠微生物区系无显著影响;添加5 000 U/kg木聚糖酶对上述观测指标无进一步改善作用。含40%小麦的肉鸡饲粮中木聚糖酶的适宜添加水平为1 000 U/kg。
The experiment was conducted to explore the mechanism of xylanase on broilers fed wheat-based diets. Performance, blood glucose, uric acid, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-Ⅰ), intestinal morphology, microflora and digestive enzyme activities were determined.
Two hundred and forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to 4 dietary treatments(with 5 replicate pens of 12 chicks each) in a randomized complete block design. The wheat-based diets were supplemented with 0, 500, 1 000, 5 000 U/kg xylanase. The results showed that daily weight gain, feed intake, the concentrations of serum glucose, uric acid, insulin and IGF-Ⅰof broilers in1-21 d, 22-42 d and 1-42 d phases were not affected by the supplementation of xylanase (P>0.05). Xylanase supplementation significantly improved the feed conversion ratio of broiler in 1 to 21 d and 1 to 42 d phases (P<0.05). Compared with the control, 1 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 21 d broilers. 500 U/kg xylanase supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) the villus height in duodenum and ileum, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in ileum. 500 U/kg and 1 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to decrease the crypt depth in duodenum (P=0.058), jejunum (P=0.079) and ileum (P=0.095), the epithelial thickness in duodenum (P=0.067) and jejunum (P=0.052), and the muscle thickness in ileum (P=0.112). Supplementing 5 000 U/kg xylanase significantly increased the ratio in duodenum and ileum (P<0.05), significantly increased the villus height in ileum (P<0.01), and tended to decrease the crypt depth in duodenum (P=0.058), jejunum (P=0.079) and ileum (P=0.095), the epithelial thickness in duodenum (P=0.067) and jejunum (P=0.052), and the muscle thickness in ileum (P=0.112). Xylanase supplementation had no significant effects on intestinal microflora in broilers of 42 d (P>0.05). Compared with the control, 500U/kg and 1 000U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to decrease the counts of Escherichia coli (P=0.062) and total aerobes (P=0.090) in ileum. 1 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to decrease the counts of total aerobes (P=0.094) in caecum. The activities of amylase and protease were not affected by the xylanase supplementation (P>0.05).
In conclusion, xylanase supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio, the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in small intestine of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The concentrations of blood glucose, uric acid, insulin and IGF-Ⅰ, the activities of amylase and protease in small intestine, and the intestinal microflora were not affected by xylanase supplementation, but 5 000 U/kg xylanase supplementation tended to show negative effects on intestinal microflora. The appropriate level of xylanase supplemented to the 40% wheat-based diets was 1 000 U/kg.
引文
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