COTS构件集成软件系统的测试方法研究
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摘要
电力系统是一个大规模、时变的复杂系统,它在国民经济和国家安全中占有重要的地位。随着电力网络拓扑系统变得越来越复杂,运用高效的模拟仿真计算软件已成为电力系统工作者进行电力系统规划、保护、调度及故障研究的重要工具。为了提高该类软件开发效率,减少成本,保障质量和可靠性,越来越多的电力系统软件也像其它大型软件系统开发一样,采用了目前先进的开发技术-基于COTS构件集成技术开发软件系统。而基于COTS构件集成软件系统,是一种独特的软件组装过程,是多种异质构件的松耦合结构,且构件易被更新易被替换,演化速度快,系统的可靠性与质量对构件质量和构件集成质量有高度的依赖性,对该类软件的测试就成为保障软件系统可靠性的重要手段。针对如何解决COTS构件集成构件异构、原代码不可知、测试理论与测试方法不完备的测试难题,本文在以下几个方面开展了研究工作：
首先,为了揭示构件集成软件的内在运行规律,利用观测与踪迹语言理论,使用状态、事件、内容依赖关系和上下文依赖关系定义软件结构,提出了具有独立关系的构件集成软件有限自动机观测模型,观测和记录软件的动态行为,为全面、系统地测试奠定了理论基础。其次,提出了基于合约检查的COTS构件包装方法,从构件的外部包装入手,建立外部跟踪机制,提高了构件的易测试性,为执行基于有限自动机观测模型的构件集成软件测试提供了前提。再者,为了模拟构件的运行环境,捕获构件在集成环境中出现的异常,提出了一个针对构件集成软件的通用测试平台框架(ITACBS)解决了测试平台的组成设计、规范化表述、错误追踪等问题,对该类软件测试的准备、执行和分析进行了总体规划,并形成了完整的测试过程。此外,利用区间相容技术对约束集论域进行削减,采用改进的遗传算法在经过削减的论域内进行动态搜索,并引入免疫遗传的思想,提出了将区间相容算法与免疫遗传算法融合产生测试用例的新思路,使测试用例的路径覆盖率更高,收敛率更快。最后,利用基于互联网设计、分析、模拟电力系统的开源新一代电力系统仿真软件系统InterPSS,对本研究所涉及的理论、方法、技术进行实践与验证。
研究与实践表明：本文从构件集成软件测试观测模型的创建、构件易测试性探索、集成测试环境平台的实现、智能化测试用例的生成等方面,全面、细致、深入地提出了构件集成软件测试的整体解决方案,所形成的一整套理论与方法是可行、有效的,具有一定的通用性和可扩展性,具有良好的应用前景。
Power system is large and complex. It occupies vital position in country economics and country security. With power networks becoming more and more complicated, effective simulation software has become important tool for power system workers to plan, protect, schedule and research failures of power system. Same to other large-scale software systems, more and more power system software is developed using COTS-based component integration technology-an advanced development technology, in order to improve development efficiency, reduce cost, ensure quality and reliability of such kind of software system. COTS-based component integration software system is a unique assembly process, a loosely coupled structure of variety of different components. Components consisting of COTS-based component integration software system can be replaced easily and evolve quickly. System reliability and quality depend on the reliability and quality of components. Therefore, testing of such software becomes an important means to ensure software reliability. With the aim of solving the testing problems that the COTS components are integrated heterogeneously, the source code is unknown, and testing theories and testing methods are not sufficient, this paper introduces the following research work.
Above all, for the purpose of revealing operation laws of component integration software, a software structure is defined and a finite automation observation model of independent component integration software is presented. The software structure is defined by utilizing states, events, content-dependent relations and context-dependent relations. The model is to observe and record software dynamic behaviors.
Secondly, a contract check-based COTS component wrapper approach is presented. The approach starts from the external wrap of component to establish external tracing, by which the component becomes easier to be tested and a basis for following testing is established.
Thirdly, an Integrated Test Architecture for Component-based Software (ITACBS) is presented to solve problems including testing platform composition design, normalized expression and error tracing, etc. The architecture provides guidelines for the testing preparation, execution and analysis of such kind of software, based on which a complete testing process is generated. Further, eBox consistency technique is used to eliminate the domain of CSP, and an improved GA is used to perform dynamic search on the eliminated space. A new method combining eBox-consistency and immune Genetic Algorithm to generate testing cases is put forward, which makes the path coverage rate higher and speed quicker.
Finally, as a case study, InterPSS is used to practice and verify the theories, methods and techniques of this research. The InterPSS is an open source power system simulation software developed to design, analyze and simulate power system based on Internet.
This paper provides a complete solution covering creation of component integration software testing observation model, component testing, realization of integration testing environment platform and intelligent generation of testing cases. Research and experiment results indicate that the presented theories and methods are feasible and effective. Moreover, generality, scalability as well as great application potential of these theories and methods are illustrated.
首先,为了揭示构件集成软件的内在运行规律,利用观测与踪迹语言理论,使用状态、事件、内容依赖关系和上下文依赖关系定义软件结构,提出了具有独立关系的构件集成软件有限自动机观测模型,观测和记录软件的动态行为,为全面、系统地测试奠定了理论基础。其次,提出了基于合约检查的COTS构件包装方法,从构件的外部包装入手,建立外部跟踪机制,提高了构件的易测试性,为执行基于有限自动机观测模型的构件集成软件测试提供了前提。再者,为了模拟构件的运行环境,捕获构件在集成环境中出现的异常,提出了一个针对构件集成软件的通用测试平台框架(ITACBS)解决了测试平台的组成设计、规范化表述、错误追踪等问题,对该类软件测试的准备、执行和分析进行了总体规划,并形成了完整的测试过程。此外,利用区间相容技术对约束集论域进行削减,采用改进的遗传算法在经过削减的论域内进行动态搜索,并引入免疫遗传的思想,提出了将区间相容算法与免疫遗传算法融合产生测试用例的新思路,使测试用例的路径覆盖率更高,收敛率更快。最后,利用基于互联网设计、分析、模拟电力系统的开源新一代电力系统仿真软件系统InterPSS,对本研究所涉及的理论、方法、技术进行实践与验证。
研究与实践表明：本文从构件集成软件测试观测模型的创建、构件易测试性探索、集成测试环境平台的实现、智能化测试用例的生成等方面,全面、细致、深入地提出了构件集成软件测试的整体解决方案,所形成的一整套理论与方法是可行、有效的,具有一定的通用性和可扩展性,具有良好的应用前景。
Power system is large and complex. It occupies vital position in country economics and country security. With power networks becoming more and more complicated, effective simulation software has become important tool for power system workers to plan, protect, schedule and research failures of power system. Same to other large-scale software systems, more and more power system software is developed using COTS-based component integration technology-an advanced development technology, in order to improve development efficiency, reduce cost, ensure quality and reliability of such kind of software system. COTS-based component integration software system is a unique assembly process, a loosely coupled structure of variety of different components. Components consisting of COTS-based component integration software system can be replaced easily and evolve quickly. System reliability and quality depend on the reliability and quality of components. Therefore, testing of such software becomes an important means to ensure software reliability. With the aim of solving the testing problems that the COTS components are integrated heterogeneously, the source code is unknown, and testing theories and testing methods are not sufficient, this paper introduces the following research work.
Above all, for the purpose of revealing operation laws of component integration software, a software structure is defined and a finite automation observation model of independent component integration software is presented. The software structure is defined by utilizing states, events, content-dependent relations and context-dependent relations. The model is to observe and record software dynamic behaviors.
Secondly, a contract check-based COTS component wrapper approach is presented. The approach starts from the external wrap of component to establish external tracing, by which the component becomes easier to be tested and a basis for following testing is established.
Thirdly, an Integrated Test Architecture for Component-based Software (ITACBS) is presented to solve problems including testing platform composition design, normalized expression and error tracing, etc. The architecture provides guidelines for the testing preparation, execution and analysis of such kind of software, based on which a complete testing process is generated. Further, eBox consistency technique is used to eliminate the domain of CSP, and an improved GA is used to perform dynamic search on the eliminated space. A new method combining eBox-consistency and immune Genetic Algorithm to generate testing cases is put forward, which makes the path coverage rate higher and speed quicker.
Finally, as a case study, InterPSS is used to practice and verify the theories, methods and techniques of this research. The InterPSS is an open source power system simulation software developed to design, analyze and simulate power system based on Internet.
This paper provides a complete solution covering creation of component integration software testing observation model, component testing, realization of integration testing environment platform and intelligent generation of testing cases. Research and experiment results indicate that the presented theories and methods are feasible and effective. Moreover, generality, scalability as well as great application potential of these theories and methods are illustrated.
引文
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