电子装备系统性能可靠性分析与评估研究
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摘要
目前,随着电子产品可靠性的不断提高,在允许的时间内很难获得足够的失效数据,同时,复杂电子装备规模越来越大、试验成本越来越高、技术难度越来越大。依据参试样品数、故障数和故障时间等失效数据统计的传统可靠性评估,在理论算法以及实际应用方面均存在着难以从根本上解决的问题。因此,产品性能可靠性概念以及分析理论与方法的提出,为产品可靠性考核供了新的途径。本文从基本概念出发,对复杂电子装备性能可靠性评估进行了系统的探讨。特别是在基于不同时空多来源信息的性能可靠性评估、多特征量性能可靠性评估和复杂系统性能可靠性仿真分析等方面提出了新的技术和方法。主要研究工作如下：
完善了性能可靠性及相关参量、指标的定义,提出“性能失效”及“性能失效特征量”的概念,给出“性能可靠度”和“性能可靠寿命”评估指标,明确与传统可靠性理论的区别,为严谨、系统的性能可靠性分析评估奠定基础。实际中表征某一产品性能的参数有很多,也常常以信号的形式描述,鉴于此,本文提出基于时域信号波形相似度和基于多性能参数的失效特征量构建方法,通过实例对几种失效特征量的特点和适用性进行了分析。
为充分利用装备多技术条件下的性能信息,研究了多层信息融合与数据折算的性能可靠性评估方法,提出基于电路温度扫描仿真的环境因子提取方法,解决了对数据折算中环境因子确定的难题。针对产品性能参数漂移和多失效特征量情况,提出了基于特征量参数随机漂移和门限关联度计算的性能可靠性评估方法。根据引起产品失效的化学、物理反应这一根本起因,推导出基于温度、湿度及电应力加速模型的性能可靠性评估公式,为基于加速试验的性能可靠性评估提供了理论依据。
在复杂系统可靠性评估方面,采用计算机仿真的技术手段,研究了基于单元失效分布和基于单元性能参数的系统性能可靠性仿真两种技术路线。提出了基于单元加权故障树分析的系统性能可靠性仿真方法,针对权重计算、单元小概率抽样以及功能单元电路模型建立等问题,提出了新的技术和方法,提高了系统性能可靠性仿真的有效性和准确性。
以工程应用为目的,结合科研课题,对提出的理论与方法进行了应用研究,建立了电子装备性能评估与试验系统；研究了电子装备性能可靠性仿真评估软件、以及各功能软件的算法与实现；设计与实现了用于评估的加速试验平台；针对某型装备进行了典型电路模块的试验评估和系统的仿真评估,检验了评估与试验方法及实现系统的可行性。
Presently, with the reliability improvement of electronic equipment, that getting enough failure data becomes more and more difficult in a permitted time. At the same time, the scale of electronic equipment is more and more tremendous and the test cost is more and more high. The conventional reliability assessment methods based on sample number, failure number and failure time can't solve these questions in theory algorithm and practical application. So, the presentation of performance reliability concept, analysis theory and approach offer a new approach for product reliability evaluation. From the basic conception, the performance reliability method for complicated electronic equipment are specialized systematically. Especially this dissertation presents some new technology and method for performance reliability assessment based on multi-source information, performance reliability assessment with multi-characteristic measurements and performance reliability simulation analysis for complicated system, and the main research contents of dissertation are as follows:
Complement the conception of performance reliability and related parameters or index; present the conception of performance failure and performance failure characteristic measurement and give the assessment index for performance reliability and performance reliability lifetime, which specify the differences with conventional reliability theory and lays a strong foundation for system performance reliability analysis. In practice, a lot of parameters can be used to represent system performance, and is usually described by signal format. Based on these, this dissertation presents two kinds of reliability assessment methods with multi-characteristic measurements based on wave shape similarity and reconfiguration of failure characteristic measurements, and application examples are used to verify their effectiveness and serviceability.
With the performance information in multi-technology states, research performance reliability assessment method based on multi-source information fusion and data commutation, and present invironment factor assessment method based on circuit temperature analysis simulation, which solves the difficulty of invironment factor evaluation. Aim at the problem of performance parameter drift and multi-characteristic measurements, present a performance reliability assessment based on characteristic parameters drift and threshold relevance degree. According to chemistry and physical reason of product failure, derive the equation for performance reliability assessment based on temperature, humidity and electrostatic stress accelerated models, which presents theory base for performance reliability assessment based on accelerated testing.
For complicated system reliability assessment, adopt computer simulation technology to research two kinds of technology routes based on unit failure distribution and unit performance parameter simulation. Based on these, present system performance reliability simulation assessment method based on unit weighting fault tree analysis (FTA). Aim at weighting calculation, unit small probability sampling and the foundation of function unit circuit model, present new technology and method, which enhances the effectiveness and accuracy.
This thesis researches the presented theory and method focusing on practice application and combining research project. In this thesis, electronic equipment performance assessment and testing system is found; electronic equipment performance reliability simulation assessment software and algorithms of each function units are researched; accelerated testing platform is designed and carried out. In the end, gives an example to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of assessment and testing methods by representative circuit module of some equipment.
完善了性能可靠性及相关参量、指标的定义,提出“性能失效”及“性能失效特征量”的概念,给出“性能可靠度”和“性能可靠寿命”评估指标,明确与传统可靠性理论的区别,为严谨、系统的性能可靠性分析评估奠定基础。实际中表征某一产品性能的参数有很多,也常常以信号的形式描述,鉴于此,本文提出基于时域信号波形相似度和基于多性能参数的失效特征量构建方法,通过实例对几种失效特征量的特点和适用性进行了分析。
为充分利用装备多技术条件下的性能信息,研究了多层信息融合与数据折算的性能可靠性评估方法,提出基于电路温度扫描仿真的环境因子提取方法,解决了对数据折算中环境因子确定的难题。针对产品性能参数漂移和多失效特征量情况,提出了基于特征量参数随机漂移和门限关联度计算的性能可靠性评估方法。根据引起产品失效的化学、物理反应这一根本起因,推导出基于温度、湿度及电应力加速模型的性能可靠性评估公式,为基于加速试验的性能可靠性评估提供了理论依据。
在复杂系统可靠性评估方面,采用计算机仿真的技术手段,研究了基于单元失效分布和基于单元性能参数的系统性能可靠性仿真两种技术路线。提出了基于单元加权故障树分析的系统性能可靠性仿真方法,针对权重计算、单元小概率抽样以及功能单元电路模型建立等问题,提出了新的技术和方法,提高了系统性能可靠性仿真的有效性和准确性。
以工程应用为目的,结合科研课题,对提出的理论与方法进行了应用研究,建立了电子装备性能评估与试验系统；研究了电子装备性能可靠性仿真评估软件、以及各功能软件的算法与实现；设计与实现了用于评估的加速试验平台；针对某型装备进行了典型电路模块的试验评估和系统的仿真评估,检验了评估与试验方法及实现系统的可行性。
Presently, with the reliability improvement of electronic equipment, that getting enough failure data becomes more and more difficult in a permitted time. At the same time, the scale of electronic equipment is more and more tremendous and the test cost is more and more high. The conventional reliability assessment methods based on sample number, failure number and failure time can't solve these questions in theory algorithm and practical application. So, the presentation of performance reliability concept, analysis theory and approach offer a new approach for product reliability evaluation. From the basic conception, the performance reliability method for complicated electronic equipment are specialized systematically. Especially this dissertation presents some new technology and method for performance reliability assessment based on multi-source information, performance reliability assessment with multi-characteristic measurements and performance reliability simulation analysis for complicated system, and the main research contents of dissertation are as follows:
Complement the conception of performance reliability and related parameters or index; present the conception of performance failure and performance failure characteristic measurement and give the assessment index for performance reliability and performance reliability lifetime, which specify the differences with conventional reliability theory and lays a strong foundation for system performance reliability analysis. In practice, a lot of parameters can be used to represent system performance, and is usually described by signal format. Based on these, this dissertation presents two kinds of reliability assessment methods with multi-characteristic measurements based on wave shape similarity and reconfiguration of failure characteristic measurements, and application examples are used to verify their effectiveness and serviceability.
With the performance information in multi-technology states, research performance reliability assessment method based on multi-source information fusion and data commutation, and present invironment factor assessment method based on circuit temperature analysis simulation, which solves the difficulty of invironment factor evaluation. Aim at the problem of performance parameter drift and multi-characteristic measurements, present a performance reliability assessment based on characteristic parameters drift and threshold relevance degree. According to chemistry and physical reason of product failure, derive the equation for performance reliability assessment based on temperature, humidity and electrostatic stress accelerated models, which presents theory base for performance reliability assessment based on accelerated testing.
For complicated system reliability assessment, adopt computer simulation technology to research two kinds of technology routes based on unit failure distribution and unit performance parameter simulation. Based on these, present system performance reliability simulation assessment method based on unit weighting fault tree analysis (FTA). Aim at weighting calculation, unit small probability sampling and the foundation of function unit circuit model, present new technology and method, which enhances the effectiveness and accuracy.
This thesis researches the presented theory and method focusing on practice application and combining research project. In this thesis, electronic equipment performance assessment and testing system is found; electronic equipment performance reliability simulation assessment software and algorithms of each function units are researched; accelerated testing platform is designed and carried out. In the end, gives an example to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of assessment and testing methods by representative circuit module of some equipment.
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