电视转播车的设计与研制
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摘要
电视转播车是一个以汽车为载体的、移动的电视节目制作系统;作为电视节目录制和现场直播的重要工具,在电视节目制作流程中起着至关重要的作用。随着2008北京奥运会的即将到来,国内部分电视台正在着手建造自己的数字电视转播系统,所以电视转播车的设计和制造便是一个热点课题。
本论文结合8讯道数字电视转播车的设计与研制项目,根据目前电视制作领域的实际需求,对比目前国际上集成电视转播设备的特点,提出了此系统设计原则和技术要求;项目通过专业的集成制造和系统测试,其性能和指标达到了设计要求,并最终顺利投入使用。文中论述了:车体系统设计,电源和照明系统设计,空调系统设计,视频、音频和通话系统设计,各系统的应急设计,系统综合和扩展设计等等:在各项设计过程中,均进行了方案的比较选择、计算、分析和测试等工作。文章最后,还提出了转播车中需要进一步改进和完善的地方。
系统设计中解决的一些主要技术问题:车体增加强度和轻量化的方法;侧拉厢式车体的配重和内布局;车载直流逆变系统的设计;辅助和报警检测系统的设计;空调及风道的设计;视频系统的主辅通道及应急开关设计;混合环境下的系统同步问题;独特的摄像机控制匹配矩阵设计;电话和手机信号接入音频矩阵和调音台功能的实现;多车级联及一级切换并车的实现;具有互换功能的IT工位的设计;车内设备网络化管理的实现等等。
TV OBVAN is one mobile production system for TV program;its manufacture carrier is often taken by the automobile.As one important tool to record and live broadcast TV program,TV OBVAN plays a very important role in the production process for TV program.Along with 2008 Beijing Olympic Games' fast arrival,many domestic TV Stations are making their digital TV OBVAN,so the design and manufacture of TV OBVAN system has become one hot spot topic.
Joins with the design and the manufacture of Bengbu TV station 8 Camera OBVAN project,according to the present actual demand in the TV production domain,in contrast with international different characteristic from the integration of TV broadcast equipments,the thesis puts forward the present design principle and technical specification of TV OBVAN system.The project was integrated,made and tested by specialist.Its performance and index meet the demand of design.At last,TV OBVAN is used successfully.The thesis elaborates:the design of bodywork,power supply and lighting system,air conditioning system,video and audio and communication system,the emergency design of various systems,system expansion and interface,system synthesis etc.In each design process,the scheme had been comparatively chosen, calculated,analyzed and tested.Finally,it also proposes some advices that the TV OBVAN system will need to be improved and consummated in future.
A series of crucial technical questions have been resolved in the system design:The method of strengthening and lightweight in vehicle body;The counterweight and layout in vehicle body;Direct current inverter system in vehicle;Assistant and alarm test system;Air conditioning and air flue; Primary,auxiliary channel and emergency switcher in Video system;Synchro problem in mixed condition;Special matching matrix on camera controlling; Tel and GSM mix in audio matrix and mixer;The multi-OBVAN connection and one level cut in switcher;The exchange function in IT worktable;Equipments' network management in vehicles;and so on.
本论文结合8讯道数字电视转播车的设计与研制项目,根据目前电视制作领域的实际需求,对比目前国际上集成电视转播设备的特点,提出了此系统设计原则和技术要求;项目通过专业的集成制造和系统测试,其性能和指标达到了设计要求,并最终顺利投入使用。文中论述了:车体系统设计,电源和照明系统设计,空调系统设计,视频、音频和通话系统设计,各系统的应急设计,系统综合和扩展设计等等:在各项设计过程中,均进行了方案的比较选择、计算、分析和测试等工作。文章最后,还提出了转播车中需要进一步改进和完善的地方。
系统设计中解决的一些主要技术问题:车体增加强度和轻量化的方法;侧拉厢式车体的配重和内布局;车载直流逆变系统的设计;辅助和报警检测系统的设计;空调及风道的设计;视频系统的主辅通道及应急开关设计;混合环境下的系统同步问题;独特的摄像机控制匹配矩阵设计;电话和手机信号接入音频矩阵和调音台功能的实现;多车级联及一级切换并车的实现;具有互换功能的IT工位的设计;车内设备网络化管理的实现等等。
TV OBVAN is one mobile production system for TV program;its manufacture carrier is often taken by the automobile.As one important tool to record and live broadcast TV program,TV OBVAN plays a very important role in the production process for TV program.Along with 2008 Beijing Olympic Games' fast arrival,many domestic TV Stations are making their digital TV OBVAN,so the design and manufacture of TV OBVAN system has become one hot spot topic.
Joins with the design and the manufacture of Bengbu TV station 8 Camera OBVAN project,according to the present actual demand in the TV production domain,in contrast with international different characteristic from the integration of TV broadcast equipments,the thesis puts forward the present design principle and technical specification of TV OBVAN system.The project was integrated,made and tested by specialist.Its performance and index meet the demand of design.At last,TV OBVAN is used successfully.The thesis elaborates:the design of bodywork,power supply and lighting system,air conditioning system,video and audio and communication system,the emergency design of various systems,system expansion and interface,system synthesis etc.In each design process,the scheme had been comparatively chosen, calculated,analyzed and tested.Finally,it also proposes some advices that the TV OBVAN system will need to be improved and consummated in future.
A series of crucial technical questions have been resolved in the system design:The method of strengthening and lightweight in vehicle body;The counterweight and layout in vehicle body;Direct current inverter system in vehicle;Assistant and alarm test system;Air conditioning and air flue; Primary,auxiliary channel and emergency switcher in Video system;Synchro problem in mixed condition;Special matching matrix on camera controlling; Tel and GSM mix in audio matrix and mixer;The multi-OBVAN connection and one level cut in switcher;The exchange function in IT worktable;Equipments' network management in vehicles;and so on.
引文
1 王孟孺.试论电视转播车的发展趋势和特点.广播与电视技术.2006(2):47-48
2 孔彬,王金虎.2005年全国电视转播车调研.广播与电视技术.2006(2):49-50
3 宋宜纯.关于网络制播技术的发展与思考.传播与制作.2007(5):31-33
4 #12
5 E.P.J.Tozer.Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book.USA:Focal Press,2004
6 Abramson,Albert.History of Television,1880-1941.Jefferson,NC:McFarland,1987
7 J N(Bill)Bailey.TELEVISION OUTSIDE BROADCASTS FROM 1937(WITH SOME EXPERIENCES)UP TO 1962.Post Telestar sic transit telobius res
8 Abrarnson,Albert.The History of Television,1942 to 2000.Jefferson,NC:McFarland,2002
9 马国力.北京奥运会电视转播.现代电视技术.2006(5)
10 王鹏.探讨电视转播车车体的设计.广播与电视技术.2006(2):57-62
11 胡亚庄.简明汽车知识词典.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.11
12 Kyrolainen,A.,Vilpas,M.2002.Stainless steel as bus coach material.4th European Stainless Steel Science and Market Congress.Paris,10-13 June 2002.French Iron and Steel Technical Association,8p
13 林晓尧,杨国和,黄俩福,陈菁毅.10讯道大型数字转播车的车体设计.现代电视技术.2004(12)
14 倪敏化.消声器原理及其工程应用.电声技术.2006(3):55-57
15 程志明.浅谈奥运会电视国际公用信号制作理念和标准.现代电视技术.2006(10):16-20
16 于凤林.认识三次谐波 建好电源系统.现代电视技术.2006(8):140-141
17 吴汉森.电子设备结构与工艺.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.11
18 方励刚,沈伟,顾志军.无锡电视台数字转播车双车系统规划与特点.现代电视技术.2006(1)
19 刘玉山.模数混合环境下的定时和同步.现代电视技术.2006(9):108-112
20 周建华.逐行高清对电缆的最新要求.现代电视技术.2006(9):56-60
21 王新民,宋键,姬长波.山东电视台1200平方米高清数字演播室视频系统.现代电视技术.2006(9):99-101
22 张琦,杨盈昀,张远,林正豹.数字电视中心技术.北京:北京广播学院出版社,2001.3
23 程玉林,钟钦华.彩色电视原理.第1版.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1992.3
24 俞斯乐,郭福云,李桂苓,侯正信.电视原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1995.3
25 倪宁宁.数字演播室的构建及使用.现代电视技术.2006(10):80-82
26 高勇,董艳.S-BUS技术的开发和应用.电视字幕·特技与动画.2007(8):56-57
27 BFE Studio und Medien Systeme GmbH.Router Control System Tally Controller TYC-1/S1 Technical Documentation.Version 1.1.Germany Mainz:BFE.2003.05
28 武卫平,董广醉等.数字转播车规模设计思路的突破与一级切换并车的实践.中国电影电视技术学会影视科技论文集.中国学术会议论文文摘数据库.2002.7
29 国家广播电影电视总局标准化规划研究所.数字分量演播室的同步基准信号.GY/T 167-2000.中华人民共和国广播电影电视行业标准.2000
30 国家标准局.电视视频通道的测试方法.GB 3659-83.中华人民共和国国家标准
31 陈善移.数模混合系统中视频测量方法的探讨.传播与制作.2004(9)
32 国家广播电影电视总局标准化规划研究所.电视中心播控系统数字播出通道技术指标和测量方法.GY/T 165-2000.中华人民共和国广播电影电视行业标准.2000
33 陈文飞,林重捷.浅谈数字视频系统测量和监测的体会.现代电视技术.2007(9):150-153
34 施剑平.内部通话的设计和应用.世界广播电视.2005(10)
35 Thomson Broadcast Solutions Nederland B.V..User's Guide LDK 4501-SDTV Camera Base Station.3922 496 48951 St.35.Nederland.2002
36 邱淳.专业数字电声设备的时钟以及系统的同步.现代电视技术.2005(12),2006(1)
37 刘兵.音频测量仪在测量音频通道特性中的应用.电视工程.2001(2):49-50
38 ATEN International Co.CS-428 User Manual.Version 2.0.2001
39 LEITCH Company.RouterMapper~(TM)Configuration Utility Reference Guide.Edition I.January 2004
40 ORAD HI-TIC SYSTEMS LTD.Forum Manager User Manual.Version 1.4.July 2003
41 BFE Studio und Medien Systeme GmbH.Router Control System Configurable System Controller KSC-9900/Z1 Technical Documentation.Version 1.1.Mainz:BFE.2003.09
42 Thomson Multimedia Company.KayakDD~(TM)DIGITAL PRODUCTION SWITCHER User Manual.VERSION 6.6.7.OCTOBER 2004
43 Steve Russell.Lynx Technik AG Control System.LYNX Technik AG.March 2005
2 孔彬,王金虎.2005年全国电视转播车调研.广播与电视技术.2006(2):49-50
3 宋宜纯.关于网络制播技术的发展与思考.传播与制作.2007(5):31-33
4 #12
5 E.P.J.Tozer.Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book.USA:Focal Press,2004
6 Abramson,Albert.History of Television,1880-1941.Jefferson,NC:McFarland,1987
7 J N(Bill)Bailey.TELEVISION OUTSIDE BROADCASTS FROM 1937(WITH SOME EXPERIENCES)UP TO 1962.Post Telestar sic transit telobius res
8 Abrarnson,Albert.The History of Television,1942 to 2000.Jefferson,NC:McFarland,2002
9 马国力.北京奥运会电视转播.现代电视技术.2006(5)
10 王鹏.探讨电视转播车车体的设计.广播与电视技术.2006(2):57-62
11 胡亚庄.简明汽车知识词典.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.11
12 Kyrolainen,A.,Vilpas,M.2002.Stainless steel as bus coach material.4th European Stainless Steel Science and Market Congress.Paris,10-13 June 2002.French Iron and Steel Technical Association,8p
13 林晓尧,杨国和,黄俩福,陈菁毅.10讯道大型数字转播车的车体设计.现代电视技术.2004(12)
14 倪敏化.消声器原理及其工程应用.电声技术.2006(3):55-57
15 程志明.浅谈奥运会电视国际公用信号制作理念和标准.现代电视技术.2006(10):16-20
16 于凤林.认识三次谐波 建好电源系统.现代电视技术.2006(8):140-141
17 吴汉森.电子设备结构与工艺.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.11
18 方励刚,沈伟,顾志军.无锡电视台数字转播车双车系统规划与特点.现代电视技术.2006(1)
19 刘玉山.模数混合环境下的定时和同步.现代电视技术.2006(9):108-112
20 周建华.逐行高清对电缆的最新要求.现代电视技术.2006(9):56-60
21 王新民,宋键,姬长波.山东电视台1200平方米高清数字演播室视频系统.现代电视技术.2006(9):99-101
22 张琦,杨盈昀,张远,林正豹.数字电视中心技术.北京:北京广播学院出版社,2001.3
23 程玉林,钟钦华.彩色电视原理.第1版.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1992.3
24 俞斯乐,郭福云,李桂苓,侯正信.电视原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1995.3
25 倪宁宁.数字演播室的构建及使用.现代电视技术.2006(10):80-82
26 高勇,董艳.S-BUS技术的开发和应用.电视字幕·特技与动画.2007(8):56-57
27 BFE Studio und Medien Systeme GmbH.Router Control System Tally Controller TYC-1/S1 Technical Documentation.Version 1.1.Germany Mainz:BFE.2003.05
28 武卫平,董广醉等.数字转播车规模设计思路的突破与一级切换并车的实践.中国电影电视技术学会影视科技论文集.中国学术会议论文文摘数据库.2002.7
29 国家广播电影电视总局标准化规划研究所.数字分量演播室的同步基准信号.GY/T 167-2000.中华人民共和国广播电影电视行业标准.2000
30 国家标准局.电视视频通道的测试方法.GB 3659-83.中华人民共和国国家标准
31 陈善移.数模混合系统中视频测量方法的探讨.传播与制作.2004(9)
32 国家广播电影电视总局标准化规划研究所.电视中心播控系统数字播出通道技术指标和测量方法.GY/T 165-2000.中华人民共和国广播电影电视行业标准.2000
33 陈文飞,林重捷.浅谈数字视频系统测量和监测的体会.现代电视技术.2007(9):150-153
34 施剑平.内部通话的设计和应用.世界广播电视.2005(10)
35 Thomson Broadcast Solutions Nederland B.V..User's Guide LDK 4501-SDTV Camera Base Station.3922 496 48951 St.35.Nederland.2002
36 邱淳.专业数字电声设备的时钟以及系统的同步.现代电视技术.2005(12),2006(1)
37 刘兵.音频测量仪在测量音频通道特性中的应用.电视工程.2001(2):49-50
38 ATEN International Co.CS-428 User Manual.Version 2.0.2001
39 LEITCH Company.RouterMapper~(TM)Configuration Utility Reference Guide.Edition I.January 2004
40 ORAD HI-TIC SYSTEMS LTD.Forum Manager User Manual.Version 1.4.July 2003
41 BFE Studio und Medien Systeme GmbH.Router Control System Configurable System Controller KSC-9900/Z1 Technical Documentation.Version 1.1.Mainz:BFE.2003.09
42 Thomson Multimedia Company.KayakDD~(TM)DIGITAL PRODUCTION SWITCHER User Manual.VERSION 6.6.7.OCTOBER 2004
43 Steve Russell.Lynx Technik AG Control System.LYNX Technik AG.March 2005