湖南省芷江县兽医体制现状调查及改革探讨
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摘要
芷江侗族自治县是一个以农牧业为主的山区县,该县以发展规模化、生态化和良种化养殖为核心,大力发展优质牲猪、芷江鸭等优势项目。近年来,全县的畜牧业持续发展。但是在快速发展的同时,配套服务跟不上,发病猪多、畜产品低迷、养殖生产方式落后、资金投入不足等问题也随之显现。
笔者通过对芷江县动物防疫机构现状的调查分析发现,该县防疫人员青黄不接,普遍专业技能水平偏低,防疫人员工资低,检疫硬件设施差；畜禽养殖户和动物产品加工经营者的防疫意识不强等问题,导致该县境内疫情隐患仍然存在,且威胁较大,芷江县动物防疫工作必须通过改革加强动物及动物产品的检疫、检验、监管工作。
乡村兽医是我国目前在乡村从事动物诊疗服务活动的人员,也是动物防疫、疫情监测、疫病扑杀等兽医公共卫生的重要辅助人员,担负着动物诊疗及保障动物食品安全的重任。但芷江县乡村兽医大多未接受专业的基础和执业技能的系统培训,加上诊疗水平较低,诊疗方法简陋等阻碍了畜牧业高产、高质、可持续发展。
2010年我国执业兽医资格考试在全国31个省市全面举行,标志着我国已初步建立了执业兽医资格考试制度。执业兽医是兽医队伍的重要组成部分,建立健全的执业兽医制度,加强执业兽医队伍的建设和管理,对提高动物疫病控制能力,保障畜牧业健康稳定发展和维护公共卫生安全具有重要意义。芷江县相关人员积极参加全国执业兽医资格考试,但是目前仅有1人取得执业兽医资格证,2人取得助理执业兽医资格证,芷江县从事兽医诊疗的执业兽医还处于空白状态,急需发展。
综上可知,芷江县开展兽医制度的改革是非常必要的。本文提出了芷江县兽医体制改革的建议和措施。
Abstract:Zhi jiang dong autonomous county is a mountainous area mainly developed to agriculture and graziery,its core of goingtoscale, ecologization and thoroughbred breeding. Pig of fine quality and zhi jiang ducks are our major projects. In recent years, our province's economy sustainable development. But at the same time, the supporting services can't keep up with the speed,such as the increase of disease, animal -products depression, backward breeding mode,shortage of capital.
The author investigation the present structure analysis of the ZhiJiang county animal epidemic prevention organization found that the town shortage of epidemic prevention personnel,lowed of professional skill level and wages, hardware facilities of quarantine is poor; Livestock and poultry breeding farmers and processing operator of animal products had poor epidemic prevention consciousness, which has resulted in the overseas epidemic hidden danger still exist. ZhiJiang county animal epidemic prevention must take steps through reform to strengthen the animals and animal products inspection、quarantine and the supervisory work..
Country vet is a service pesonnel that engaged in diagnosis and treatment animals. It's main responsibility is to assistant animal epidemic prevention and epidemic monitoring. The responbility of country vet is to undertake the treatment of animals and ensure animal food safety. But ZhiJiangXian county'Vet mostly did not accept the professional foundation and practice skills training, and relatively low level of diagnosis and treatment, diagnosis and treatment methods crude prevented animal husbandry high yield, high quality, and sustainable development.
In 2010, examination for the qualifications of veterinarians in 31 provinces and cities helding, it is sign that our country had set up the veterinarians qualifications examination system. Veterinarians is an important part of the vet team, than established perfect veterinarians systems and strengthen the veterinarians team construction and management.lit is benefit to improve the control ability of animal epidemic disease, ensure the healthy and steady development of animal husbandry and maintaining public health security. ZhiJiangXian actively participate in the examination for the qualifications of veterinarians, but only one person get veterinarians certificate, two people get assistant veterinarians certificate, ZhiJiangXian engaged in veterinary of veterinarians still in a state of blank,it is still needs urgent development.
Overall, it is necessary that carry out the reform about the system of ZhiJiangXian vet. This paper puts forward the suggestions about reform measures of ZhiJiangXian veterinary system.
笔者通过对芷江县动物防疫机构现状的调查分析发现,该县防疫人员青黄不接,普遍专业技能水平偏低,防疫人员工资低,检疫硬件设施差；畜禽养殖户和动物产品加工经营者的防疫意识不强等问题,导致该县境内疫情隐患仍然存在,且威胁较大,芷江县动物防疫工作必须通过改革加强动物及动物产品的检疫、检验、监管工作。
乡村兽医是我国目前在乡村从事动物诊疗服务活动的人员,也是动物防疫、疫情监测、疫病扑杀等兽医公共卫生的重要辅助人员,担负着动物诊疗及保障动物食品安全的重任。但芷江县乡村兽医大多未接受专业的基础和执业技能的系统培训,加上诊疗水平较低,诊疗方法简陋等阻碍了畜牧业高产、高质、可持续发展。
2010年我国执业兽医资格考试在全国31个省市全面举行,标志着我国已初步建立了执业兽医资格考试制度。执业兽医是兽医队伍的重要组成部分,建立健全的执业兽医制度,加强执业兽医队伍的建设和管理,对提高动物疫病控制能力,保障畜牧业健康稳定发展和维护公共卫生安全具有重要意义。芷江县相关人员积极参加全国执业兽医资格考试,但是目前仅有1人取得执业兽医资格证,2人取得助理执业兽医资格证,芷江县从事兽医诊疗的执业兽医还处于空白状态,急需发展。
综上可知,芷江县开展兽医制度的改革是非常必要的。本文提出了芷江县兽医体制改革的建议和措施。
Abstract:Zhi jiang dong autonomous county is a mountainous area mainly developed to agriculture and graziery,its core of goingtoscale, ecologization and thoroughbred breeding. Pig of fine quality and zhi jiang ducks are our major projects. In recent years, our province's economy sustainable development. But at the same time, the supporting services can't keep up with the speed,such as the increase of disease, animal -products depression, backward breeding mode,shortage of capital.
The author investigation the present structure analysis of the ZhiJiang county animal epidemic prevention organization found that the town shortage of epidemic prevention personnel,lowed of professional skill level and wages, hardware facilities of quarantine is poor; Livestock and poultry breeding farmers and processing operator of animal products had poor epidemic prevention consciousness, which has resulted in the overseas epidemic hidden danger still exist. ZhiJiang county animal epidemic prevention must take steps through reform to strengthen the animals and animal products inspection、quarantine and the supervisory work..
Country vet is a service pesonnel that engaged in diagnosis and treatment animals. It's main responsibility is to assistant animal epidemic prevention and epidemic monitoring. The responbility of country vet is to undertake the treatment of animals and ensure animal food safety. But ZhiJiangXian county'Vet mostly did not accept the professional foundation and practice skills training, and relatively low level of diagnosis and treatment, diagnosis and treatment methods crude prevented animal husbandry high yield, high quality, and sustainable development.
In 2010, examination for the qualifications of veterinarians in 31 provinces and cities helding, it is sign that our country had set up the veterinarians qualifications examination system. Veterinarians is an important part of the vet team, than established perfect veterinarians systems and strengthen the veterinarians team construction and management.lit is benefit to improve the control ability of animal epidemic disease, ensure the healthy and steady development of animal husbandry and maintaining public health security. ZhiJiangXian actively participate in the examination for the qualifications of veterinarians, but only one person get veterinarians certificate, two people get assistant veterinarians certificate, ZhiJiangXian engaged in veterinary of veterinarians still in a state of blank,it is still needs urgent development.
Overall, it is necessary that carry out the reform about the system of ZhiJiangXian vet. This paper puts forward the suggestions about reform measures of ZhiJiangXian veterinary system.
引文
[1]刘燕.浅论我国兽医监管体制的现状、存在问题及应对措施[J].中国兽药杂志,2002,36,(12)：9-10.
[2]李金花.浅谈我国兽医管理体制中存在的问题[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(3)：103-104.
[3]贾杏林,朱珍珍,张明军,等.农业院校兽医法规课程教学的改革与实践[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(8)：184-186.
[4]余勇,杨林,李金海.兽医防控体系及兽防制度.四川畜牧兽医,2006,8：6-10.
[5]李瑞红,李卫华,陈向前,等.SPS协议下官方兽医机构必备的基本素质和要件[J].中国动物检疫,2005,22(1)：5-8.
[6]李志骞.制约乡镇畜牧兽医站改革的因素[J].中国牧业通讯,2009,7：18-19.
[7]刘树国.兽医体制改革全面提高科学管理水平[J].中国畜禽种业,2010,5：10.
[8]于侠贞,付海燕.当前畜牧行政执法中存在的问题及对策[J].河南畜牧兽,2009,30(9)：29
[9]闫耀中.浅谈我国兽医管理体制[J].农业经济：48.
[10]吴求生,唐耀平.浅议邵阳市兽医管理体制改革的对策[J].中国动物保健,2007,4：85-87.
[11]杨忠友.村级动物防疫员现状分析与建议[J].中国牧业通讯,2010,11：33-34.
[12]隋广宏,刘洪雨,钟映梅,等.当前兽医行政执法中存在的问题和对策[J].兽医卫生,2009,22：36
[13]王小明.关于进一步深化乡镇畜牧兽医站改革的几点思考[J].新疆畜牧业,2009,6：4-6.
[14]陆江.关于我区兽医管理体制建设的几点思考[J].新疆畜牧业,2008,6：4-6.
[15]乔叶青.影响畜牧兽医技术推广的原因与对策.山东畜牧兽医,2010,31：62-63.
[16]唐慧英,严牡丹,张爱霞.国外兽医管理体制现状[J].养殖与饲料,2010,6：68-69.
[17]王喆.兽医体制改革和官方兽医制度[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006,8：106-107.
[18]辽宁省畜牧局.澳大利亚的兽医工作概况[J].中国动物检疫,1998,15(6)：22-24.
[19]郭正朴.基层兽医体制改革之浅见[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2007,37(1)：56-57.
[20]尤华,袁蕾磊,洪光,等.我国执业兽医资格考试制度的建立与展望[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(9)：1-3.
[21]冉刚忠,孙家刚.对乡村兽医管理的几点建议[J].兽医导刊,2010,8：16.
[22]李东明,毛福群.我国兽医体制改革探讨[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2006,6：66-67.
[23]孙家刚.兽医管理现状及发展对策[J].北方牧业,2010,9.
[24]肖耀辉,秦强,匡金光.罗田县乡镇畜牧兽医体制改革现状与建议[J].经营管理2008：12-16.
[25]柏云江.澳大利亚动物疫病控制体系对我国动物防疫工作的启示及建议[J].现代畜牧兽医,2007.10：3-7.
[26]霍剑平.当前兽医管理体制改革的思考[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2003,5：20-22.
[27]高玉平.县乡兽医管理体制的现状及改进对策.[J].农业技术与装备,2009,08(171)：17-18.
[28]贾幼陵.当前我国兽医工作进展情况及今后工作设想[J].中国禽业导刊,2008,28(15)：8-9.
[29]杜青.林部长谈兽医管理体制改革的任务和要求[J].农村养殖技术,2005,16.
[30]田瑞斌,贾杏林.湖南省芷江侗族自治县乡村兽医现状及发展探讨[J].中国动物检疫,2011(28)：41-43.
[31]杨培昌.基层动物防疫体系建设的思考[J].动物医学进展,2008,29,(增：47-49.
[32]刘贵生.延川县动物防疫体系建设存在的问题及对策[J].山东畜牧兽医,2010,31：72-73.
[33]李绍仙,王凯.当前村级动物防疫存在问题及对策[J].行业论坛,2010,7(162)：83.
[34]王仁华,李卫华,陈向前,等.刍议乡村兽医存在的问题及对策[J].中国动物检疫2007,24(4)：18-19.
[35]龚宝明,苏金明.浅谈乡村兽医所面临的困境和压力[J].北方牧业,2010：9.
[36]冉刚忠,孙家刚.乡村兽医管理现状及发展对策[J].四川畜牧兽医,2010,9：8-9.
[37]魏跃明.乡村兽医难享荣耀遭遇困境[J].北方牧业,2010：6.
[38]孙家刚.乡村兽医管理现状及发展对策[J].北方牧业,2010：8.
[39]张利军.关于宠物诊疗行业监管的思考[J].中国动物检疫,2011,28(1)：22-23.
[40]黄建斌.发挥执业兽医作用确保畜禽生产安全[J].中国畜禽种业,2011,5：28-29.
[41]曹利,李红良,杨怀伟.我国“四位一体”的兽医管理模式探析[J].中国畜牧兽医,22-24
[42]赵涛.执业兽医制度对兽医行业的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010,10：14-15.
[43]金叶平,王天玉,姜爱娟.浅谈当前兽医体制的现状[J].上海畜牧兽医通报,2005,6：49.
[2]李金花.浅谈我国兽医管理体制中存在的问题[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(3)：103-104.
[3]贾杏林,朱珍珍,张明军,等.农业院校兽医法规课程教学的改革与实践[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(8)：184-186.
[4]余勇,杨林,李金海.兽医防控体系及兽防制度.四川畜牧兽医,2006,8：6-10.
[5]李瑞红,李卫华,陈向前,等.SPS协议下官方兽医机构必备的基本素质和要件[J].中国动物检疫,2005,22(1)：5-8.
[6]李志骞.制约乡镇畜牧兽医站改革的因素[J].中国牧业通讯,2009,7：18-19.
[7]刘树国.兽医体制改革全面提高科学管理水平[J].中国畜禽种业,2010,5：10.
[8]于侠贞,付海燕.当前畜牧行政执法中存在的问题及对策[J].河南畜牧兽,2009,30(9)：29
[9]闫耀中.浅谈我国兽医管理体制[J].农业经济：48.
[10]吴求生,唐耀平.浅议邵阳市兽医管理体制改革的对策[J].中国动物保健,2007,4：85-87.
[11]杨忠友.村级动物防疫员现状分析与建议[J].中国牧业通讯,2010,11：33-34.
[12]隋广宏,刘洪雨,钟映梅,等.当前兽医行政执法中存在的问题和对策[J].兽医卫生,2009,22：36
[13]王小明.关于进一步深化乡镇畜牧兽医站改革的几点思考[J].新疆畜牧业,2009,6：4-6.
[14]陆江.关于我区兽医管理体制建设的几点思考[J].新疆畜牧业,2008,6：4-6.
[15]乔叶青.影响畜牧兽医技术推广的原因与对策.山东畜牧兽医,2010,31：62-63.
[16]唐慧英,严牡丹,张爱霞.国外兽医管理体制现状[J].养殖与饲料,2010,6：68-69.
[17]王喆.兽医体制改革和官方兽医制度[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006,8：106-107.
[18]辽宁省畜牧局.澳大利亚的兽医工作概况[J].中国动物检疫,1998,15(6)：22-24.
[19]郭正朴.基层兽医体制改革之浅见[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2007,37(1)：56-57.
[20]尤华,袁蕾磊,洪光,等.我国执业兽医资格考试制度的建立与展望[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(9)：1-3.
[21]冉刚忠,孙家刚.对乡村兽医管理的几点建议[J].兽医导刊,2010,8：16.
[22]李东明,毛福群.我国兽医体制改革探讨[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2006,6：66-67.
[23]孙家刚.兽医管理现状及发展对策[J].北方牧业,2010,9.
[24]肖耀辉,秦强,匡金光.罗田县乡镇畜牧兽医体制改革现状与建议[J].经营管理2008：12-16.
[25]柏云江.澳大利亚动物疫病控制体系对我国动物防疫工作的启示及建议[J].现代畜牧兽医,2007.10：3-7.
[26]霍剑平.当前兽医管理体制改革的思考[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2003,5：20-22.
[27]高玉平.县乡兽医管理体制的现状及改进对策.[J].农业技术与装备,2009,08(171)：17-18.
[28]贾幼陵.当前我国兽医工作进展情况及今后工作设想[J].中国禽业导刊,2008,28(15)：8-9.
[29]杜青.林部长谈兽医管理体制改革的任务和要求[J].农村养殖技术,2005,16.
[30]田瑞斌,贾杏林.湖南省芷江侗族自治县乡村兽医现状及发展探讨[J].中国动物检疫,2011(28)：41-43.
[31]杨培昌.基层动物防疫体系建设的思考[J].动物医学进展,2008,29,(增：47-49.
[32]刘贵生.延川县动物防疫体系建设存在的问题及对策[J].山东畜牧兽医,2010,31：72-73.
[33]李绍仙,王凯.当前村级动物防疫存在问题及对策[J].行业论坛,2010,7(162)：83.
[34]王仁华,李卫华,陈向前,等.刍议乡村兽医存在的问题及对策[J].中国动物检疫2007,24(4)：18-19.
[35]龚宝明,苏金明.浅谈乡村兽医所面临的困境和压力[J].北方牧业,2010：9.
[36]冉刚忠,孙家刚.乡村兽医管理现状及发展对策[J].四川畜牧兽医,2010,9：8-9.
[37]魏跃明.乡村兽医难享荣耀遭遇困境[J].北方牧业,2010：6.
[38]孙家刚.乡村兽医管理现状及发展对策[J].北方牧业,2010：8.
[39]张利军.关于宠物诊疗行业监管的思考[J].中国动物检疫,2011,28(1)：22-23.
[40]黄建斌.发挥执业兽医作用确保畜禽生产安全[J].中国畜禽种业,2011,5：28-29.
[41]曹利,李红良,杨怀伟.我国“四位一体”的兽医管理模式探析[J].中国畜牧兽医,22-24
[42]赵涛.执业兽医制度对兽医行业的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010,10：14-15.
[43]金叶平,王天玉,姜爱娟.浅谈当前兽医体制的现状[J].上海畜牧兽医通报,2005,6：49.